Dental
Materials
109:


Properties
of
dental
materials

Unit
4
Study
Review
B:

Syllabus,
pg.
78
­
88


1.
A
more
common
name
for
the
water­based
impression
materials
is:




 a.
Hydrocolloid
 
 b.
Hydrophillic
 
 c.
Hydrophobic
 
 d.
Hydrocollic



 
 ANSWER
=
A


2.
T
or
F:_____
Colloids
are
molecules
or
groups
of
molecules
in
some
type
of
dispersing
medium.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


3.
Colloidal
systems
involve
particles
of
a
size
betweeen
the
small
particles
of
a
true


































and
the
large
ones
present
in
a











































.



 
 ANSWER
=
Solution

;

Suspension


4.
A
liquid
colloid
may
be
referred
to
as
a
colloidal:




 A.
Soluble
 B.
Sole
 
 C.
Sol
 
 D.
Soul
 



 
 ANSWER
=
C


5.
A
colloid
has























phases.



 
 ANSWER
=
two


6.
Choose
the
best
answer:
The
two
phases
of
a
colloid
are








































and
the









































that
contains
the
particles.



 a.
Dispersed
particles
and
dispersion
medium



 b.
Dispersed
medium
and
dispersion
particles



 c.
Dispersion
particles
and
dispersed
medium



 d.
Dispersion
medium
and
Dispaired
particles



 
 ANSWER
=
A




7.
The
term
hydrocolloid
indicates
that
the
dispersion
medium
is:



 A.
Alcohol
 B.
Beer
 
 C.
Wine
 
 D.
SDS
Solution
 
 E.
Water



 
 ANSWER
=
E


8.
T
or
F:_____
Hydrocolloid
sols
possess
the
capacity
to
change
into
a
plaster
or
stone
under
certain

conditions.




 
 ANSWER
=
FALSE
(
It
turns
into
a
jelly
or
gel)


9.
The
temperature
at
which
the
change
from
sol
state
to
a
semisolid
material
takes
placed
is
known

as:
_______________________________________:




 
 ANSWER
=
Gelation
Temperature


10.
T
or
F:_____
The
gelation
process
of
agar
is
reversible

because
it
can
be
reliquified,
or
returned
to

sol
condition.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


11.
The
change
from
Sol
to
the
gel
and
vice
versa
is
essentially
a
physical
effect
induced
by
a
:




 a.
Change
in
chemical
structure
 
 



 b.
Change
in
temperature




 c.
Change
in
pressure



 d.
Change
in
my
pocket



 
 ANSWER
=
B


12.
Because
the
change
from
sol
to
gel
is
reversible,
materials
of
this
type
are
called

_________________________________________.



 
 ANSWER
=
reversible
hydrocolloids


13.
T
or
F:_____
Hydrocolloid
gels
are
relatively
weak
elastic
solids
that
are
subject
to
tensile
fracture

and
flow:




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


14.
T
or
F:_____
Hydrocolloid
gels
can
exhibit
enough
strength
to
be
used
as
a
dental
impression

material
if
the
stress
is
applied
rapidly
and
not
maintained
for
a
prolonged
time.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE




15.
Hydrocolloid
gel
impressions
should
be
removed
from
the
mouth
in
a:




 a.
quick
jerking
motion




 b.
smooth,
fluid
motion



 c.
by
rocking
back
and
forth



 d.
by
breaking
the
impression
apart
and
reassembling
it
outside
the
mouth.
 



 
 ANSWER
=
A


16.

JEOPARDY
QUESTION:
“A
large
fraction
of
the
volume
of
a
hydrocolloid
gel
has
a
considerable

influence
on
the
on
this
particular
property
of
the
impression
material
.”



 ________________________________________?



 
 ANSWER
=
What
is
dimensional
stability?


17.
Circle
the
words
that
make
the
following
statement
true:



“Loss
of
water
in
a
gel
hydrocolloid
will
result
in
(shrinkage
/
swelling)
of
the
material,
while
uptake
of
water

produces
(shrinkage
/
swelling).





 
 ANSWER
=
shrinkage
;
swelling


18.
JEOPARDY
QUESTION:
A
hydrocolloid
gel
exposed
to
air
rapidly
loses
water
by
evaporation
and
by

exuding
fluid
by
means
of
this
process.



 ___________________________________?



 
 ANSWER
=
What
is
Syneresis


19.
A
hydrocolloid
gel
exposed
to
air
rapidly
loses
water
by
evaporation
and
by
exuding
fluid
by

means
of
a
process
called
_________________________________.



 
 ANSWER
=

Syneresis




20.
A
hydrocolloid
gel
exposed
to
air
rapidly
loses
water
by
evaporation
and
by
exuding
fluid
by

means
of
a
process
called:



 a.
Synerresis
 
 b.
Sineresis
 
 c.
Syneresis
 
 d.
Synerecis



 
 ANSWER
=
C


21.
T
or
F:_____
A
hydrocolloid
gel
exposed
to
air
rapidly
loses
water
by
evaporation
and
by
exuding

fluid
by
means
of
a
process
called
Sytharesis



 
 ANSWER
=
FALSE
(The
process
is
called
Syneresis)








22.
T
or
F:_____
Syneresis
involves
the
taking
or
drawing
together
and
contraction
of
a
gel




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


23.
JEOPARDY
QUESTION:
“If
a
hydrocolloid
gel
is
stored
in
contact
with
water,
it
sorbs
additional

water
by
this
process:




 ___________________________________?



 
 ANSWER
=
What
is
Imbibition?


24.
Absorption
or
adsorption
of
water
by
certain
colloids
is
called:


a.
imbibations
 
 b.
imbibitions

 
 c.
imbibing
 d.
inhibitions



 ANSWER
=
B


25.
Both
















































and










































of
water
by
hydrocolloid
gels
leads
to

unacceptable
dimentional
changes.



 
 ANSWER
=
adsorption
;
absorption


26.
The
transformation
from
sol
to
gel
of
irreversible
hydrocolloid
is
called:


a.
gelatination
 b.
gelatinizing
 
 c.
gelato

 d.
gelation



 ANSWER
=
D


27.
T
or
F:_____
The
transformation
from
sol
to
gel
(gelation)
of
irreversible
hydrocolloid,
more

commonly
called
alginate,
occurs
by
means
of
a
chemical
reaction.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


28.
T
or
F:_____
Once
a
gel
has
formed
from
irreversible
hydrocolloid,
it
cannot
be
changed
back
into

the
sol
condition
by
physical
means.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


29.
JEOPARDY
QUESTION:
In
dental
use,
this
type
of
hydrocolloid
involves

a
powder
is
mixed
with

water
to
form
a
viscous
sol,
which
is
carried
into
the
mouth
in
a
perforated
or
solid
impression
tray.




 ______________________________________________?



 
 ANSWER
=
What
is
alginate?


30.
T
or
F:_____
Once
inserted
into
the
mouth,
the
sol
of
alginate
hydrocolloid
forms
an
elastic
gel

through
a
series
of
chemical
reactions.





 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE




31.
List
at
least
three
uses
for
which
Alginate
impression
materials
are
called
for:



______________________________________________________________________________________________



 ______________________________________________________________________________________________



 ______________________________________________________________________________________________


ANSWER
=
(for
making
impressions
in
areas
in
which
partial
dentures
are
to
be
fabricated,)

(for
study
models),
(primary
impressions
in
edentulous
mouths)
 
 
 
 

(as
corrective
materials
in
secondary
impressions
of
all
types).
LIST


32.
T
or
F:_____
Alginate
hydrocolloid
does
reproduces
fine
detail
as
reliably
as
do
the
other

elastomeric
impression
materials.





 
 ANSWER
=
FALSE
(Alginate
is

not
as
good
at
reproducing
fine
details)


33.
T
or
F:_____
Careful
examination
of
a
stone
die
poured
in
alginate
impression
usually
reveals
a

slight
rounding
of
any
sharp
angles
or
margins
that
are
present
in
the
original
cavity
preparation.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


34.
T
or
F:_____
The
density
of
the
surface
of
a
stone
die
poured
in
alginate
impressions
is
inferior
to

that
of
agar
hyrdrocolloid.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


35.
Two
potential
causes
for
slight
rounding
of
sharp
angles
and
poor
surface
density
of
a
stone
die

poured
into
agar
hydrocolloid
are:


a.
somewhat
porous
surface
of
the
impression
material,



b.
reaction
between
the
stone
and
the
irreversible
hydrocolloid.
=
a
and
b


c.
somewhat
smooth
impermeable
surface
of
the
impression
material


d.
reaction
between
the
stone
and
polysiloxane
component
of
Alginate



 ANSWER
=
A
and
B


36.
The
chief
ingredient
of
the
chemical
reaction
for
alginate
impression
material
is:



a.
potassium
alginate

 b.
sodium
alginate
 c.
calcium
alginate
 d.
hydrogen
alginate




 ANSWER
=
A


37.
T
or
F:_____
Calcium
sulfate
produces
a
gel
structure
when
mixed
with
soluble
alginate
material.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


38.
T
or
F:_____
Ferrous
Oxide
is
used
as
filler
in
alginate
material.





 
 ANSWER
=
FALSE
(It
is
Zinc
Oxide,)

39.
JEOPARDY
QUESTION:
“An
additive
to
alginate
material,
this
chemical
serves
as
an
accelerant
and

improves
the
surface
of
the
gypsum.”


_________________________________________________?


ANSWER
=
What
is
Potassium
titanium
fluoride?


40.
Diatomaceous
earth
is
added
as
a
filler
to
alginate
to
increase
strength
and
stiffness.



 
 ANSWER
=
Diatomaceous
earth


41.
Which
of
the
following
material
is
added
to
alginate
to
act
as
a
retarder
so
the
material
can
be

carried
to
the
mouth
without
hardening
prematurely.


a.
tricalcium
phosphate


b.
triphosphorous
phosphate


c.
trisodium
phosphate



 d.
trisodium
calinate



 
 ANSWER
=
C


42.
Alginate
material
that
dissolves
easily
in
water
to
form
a
viscous
sol
is
obtained
from:


a.

sea
kelp

 b.
seaweed
 c.
sea
algae
 d.
kelp
algae




 ANSWER
=
A


43.
T
or
F:_____
Alginates
are
used
as
thickening
agents
in
various
food
products.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


44.
The
simplest
way
of
converting
alginate
sol
into
an
elastic
gel
once
it
is
placed
in
the
mouth
is
by

reacting
the
gypsum
with
:



a.
calcium
phosphate











b.
calcium
citrate
 c.
calcium
sulfate
 d.
sodium
sulfate



 
 ANSWER
=
C


45.
T
or
F:_____
Trisodium
phosphate
is
added
to
alginate
to
serve
as
a
retarder
because
the
setting

reaction
must
be
delayed
long
enough
for
the
material
to
be
mixed
and
carried
into
the
mouth.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


46.
T
or
F:_____
Trisodium
phosphate
works
as
a
retarder
because
the
calcium
sulfate
reacts
with
the

trisodium
phosphate
before
it
reacts
with
the
alginate.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE




47.
T
or
F:_____
Sodium
acetate
is
a
salt
that
can
also
be
used
to
retard
the
setting
reaction
of
alginate

impression
material.




 
 ANSWER
=
FALSE

(The
active
salt
is
Sodium
alginate,
not
Sodium
acetate)


48.
T
or
F:_____
The
final
structure
of
alginate
gel
is
a
brush­heap
of
calcium
alginate
fibrils
holding

excess
water
and
particles
of
the
filler.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


49.
JEOPARDY
QUESTION:
“When
added
in
proper
amounts,
this
type
of
additive
increases
the

strength
and
stiffness
of
the
alginate
gel
and
ensures
a
firm
surface
that
is
not
tacky.”



 _________________________________________________________________?



 
 ANSWER
=
“What
is
a
filler?”


50.
T
or
F:_____
Aluminum
Oxide
is
sometimes
used
as
a
filler
for
alginate
impression
material.



 
 ANSWER
=
FALSE

(Zinc
Oxide
is
used)


51.
T
or
F:_____
Alginates
are
the
most
likely
of
all
the
impression
materials
to
interfere
with
the

setting
reaction
of
gypsum.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


52.
Alginate
impression
materials
deteriorate
rapidly
at
elevated
temperatures,
or
in
the
presence
of


















___________________________.



 
 ANSWER
=
Moisture


53.
If
alginate
is
exposed
to
moisture
or
elevated
temperatures
or
moisture,
the
material
thins
during

mixing,
which
results
in;


a.


reduced
strength,



b.
severe
damage
and
likely
breakage
of
the
impression


c.

higher
permanent
deformation
when
removed
from
the
mouth.



d.
increased
strength,
but

reduced
surface
abrasive
resistance.



 ANSWER
=
A
and
C


54.
When
buying
alginate
impression
material,
you
should
only
buy
enough
for:



 a.
1
week
 b.
2
years
 c.
6
months
 d.
1
month
 e.
none
of

the
above



 
 ANSWER
=
E

(the
correct
answer
is
1
year)




55.
Alginate
impression
material
is
dispensed
in;



a.
individually
sealed,



b.
pre‐weighed
packets
of
powder,



c.

in
a
can
in
bulk
form.
=
MC



 d.
from
a
wheel
barrow



 
 ANSWER
=
A,
B,
C


56.
T
or
F:_____
Individually
wrapped
and
portions
of
alginate
impression
material
reduce
the
chances

of
moisture
contamination.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


57.
T
or
F:_____
Before
using,
a
bulk
can
of
alginate
material
should
be
tumbled
to
fluff
up
the
powder

and
mix
the
various
ingredients.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


58.
Measured
from
the
beginning
of
mixing
until
the
gelation
of
the
material
occurs,
this
factor
is

important
because
it
must
give
enough
time
for
the
dentist
to
mix,
tray
load,
and
place
into
a
patient’s

mouth.




 ___________________________________________________?



 
 ANSWER
=
What
is
gelation
time?


59.
T
or
F:_____
If
gelation
time
is
too
long,
it
will
be
tedious
for
both
the
patient
and
the
dentist.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


60.
T
or
F:_____
Premature
gelation
of
alginate
will
result
in
a
solidified
and
accurate
impression,
as

long
as
you
act
quickly.



 
 ANSWER
=
FALSE
(premature
gelation
results
in
a
distorted
and
useless
impression)


61.
T
or
F:_____
Once
gelation
begins,
the
alginate
material
must
remain
undisturbed
because
any

fracturing
of
the
fibrils
is
permanent.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE




62.
The
optimal
gelation
conditions
for
alginate
impression
material
is
at
a
room
temperature
of:


a.
72°
for
5
to
10
min



b.

68°F

for
3
and
4
min




 c.
98.6°
for
3
to
4
min



 d.
70°
for
3
to
5
min



 
 ANSWER
=
B


63.
There
are
____________types
of
alginates
designated
in
the
American
Dental
Association
Specification

no:
18.



 
 ANSWER
=
two


64.
Choose
the
best
answer:

Type

I
alginate
must
have
a
gelation
time
of
no
less
than

































,

and
no
longer
than
















































.



 a.
no
less
than
60
seconds,
and
no
longer
than
90
seconds



 b.
no
less
than
120
seconds,
and
no
longer
than
5
minutes



 c.
no
less
than
60
seconds,
and
no
longer
than
120
seconds



 d.
no
less
than
30
seconds,
and
no
longer
than
60
seconds



 e.
none
of
the
above



 
 ANSWER
=
C


65.
T
or
F:_____
Type
II
alginates
must
have
a
gelation
time
of
no
less
than
60
seconds,
and
no
longer

than
120
seconds.



 
 ANSWER
=
FALSE
(Type
I
alginates
need
this
gelation
time.)


66.
JEOPARDY
QUESTION:
“This
fast­setting
type
of
alginate
impression
material
requires
a
gelation

time
of
between
60
and
120
seconds.



 _________________________________________?



 
 ANSWER
=
“What
is
Type
I
alginate?




67.
Type
II
alginate
must
have
a
gelation
time
between:



 a.

2
and
4.5
minutes



 b.
3
to
5
minutes



 c.
5
to
7
minutes



 d.
1
to
2
minutes



 
 ANSWER
=
A


68.
Type
II
alginates
must
have
a
gelation
time
between
2
and
__________________
minutes.



 
 ANSWER
=
4.5


69.
Type
I
alginates
are
known
as
________________________________
alginate.



 
 ANSWER
=
Fast
Setting


70.
T
or
F:_____
Type
I
alginates
are
also
known
as
“fast
setting”,
and
require
a
gelation
time
between

60
and
120
seconds.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


71.
T
or
F:_____
Type
II
alginates
are
known
as
“slow
setting”
alginates.



 
 ANSWER
=
FALSE
(They
are
called
“normal
setting”.)


72.
Choose
the
best
answer:
The
best
method
for
controlling
the
gelation
time
of
alginate
impression

material
is
to
alter
the
____________________________of
the
water
used
for
mixing
the
material.



 a.
consistency
 
 b.
steaming
 c.
temperature
 
 c.
hydrogen
content



 
 ANSWER
=
C


73.
T
or
F:_____
The
best
method
for
controlling
the
gelation
time
of
alginate
impression
material
is
to;

alter
the
temperature
of
the
water
used
for
mixing
the
material.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


74.
T
or
F:_____
Maximum
gel
strength
is
required
to
prevent
fracture
and
to
ensure
elastic
recovery
of

the
impression
on
its
removal
from
the
mouth.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


75.
Choose
the
best
answer:
The
strength
of
an
alginate
gel
can
be
reduced
by
as
much
as

_____________________
if
the
mixture
is
not
complete.




 a.
25%
 
 b.
50%
 
 c.
75%
 
 d.
110%



 
 ANSWER
=
B

76.
T
or
F:_____
The
strength
of
an
alginate
gel
can
be
reduced
by
as
much
as
fifty
percent
if
the
mixture

is
not
complete.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


77.
Insufficient
spatulation
of
alginate
material
results
in
failure
of
the
ingredients
to:



 a.
ingrediate



 b.
combobulate



 c.

dissolve
adequately
so
that
the
chemical
reactions
can
proceed
uniformly
throughout
the
mass.



 d.
disgronificate



 
 ANSWER
=
C
(and
they
say
I
don’t
have
“gimme”
questions)


78.
T
or
F:_____
If
the
mixing
time
of
alginate
is
unduly
prolonged,
the
gel
is
broken
up
as
it
forms,

decreasing
its
strength.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


79.
A
standard
appropriate
mixing
time
for
alginate
impression
material
is:



 a.

1
minute.
 b.
2
minutes
 c.
30
seconds
 d.
5
minutes



 
 ANSWER
=
A


80.
A
well
mixed
alginate
material
will
appear
to
be:




 a.
smooth


 



 b.
creamy




 c.
bubbly



 d.
does
not
drip
off
the
spatula
when
it
is
raised
from
the
bowl.




 
 ANSWER
=
A,
B,
D


81.
JEOPARDY
QUESTION:
“This
phenomena
describes
the
taking
or
drawing
together
or
contraction

of
a
gel
material.




 __________________________________________?



 
 ANSWER
=
What
is
syneresis?


82.
The
phenomena
of
a
gel
material
contracting
or
drawing
in
on
itself
is
called:




 a.
synergesis
 b.
synergetic
 c.
syneresis

 d.
syntheresis



 
 ANSWER
=
C




83.
The
absorption
or
adsorption
of
water
by
certain
colloids
is
called;




 a.
syneresis
 b.
imbibation
 





c.
sythneresis

 d.imbibition


84.
T
or
F:_____
Two
factors
that
affect
alginate
impression
materials
are
Syneresis
and
Imbibition



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


85.
JEOPARDY
QUESTION:
“When
stored
at
this
level
of
humidity,
alginate
impressions
are
most

stable,
but
should
still
be
poured
in
stone
as
soon
as
possible.”



 ____________________________?



 ANSWER
=

What
is
100%
humidity?


86.
T
or
F:_____
For
accurate
results,
alginate
impressions
should
have
models
poured
immediately

after
the
impression
is
obtained.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


87.
The
adequate
method
for
extended
storage
any
of
the
hydrocolloid
impression
materials
is:



 a.
in
a
Ziploc
back
with
a
bit
of
water
in
it.



 b.
in
a
humidor



 c.
underwater



 d.
wrapped
in
a
moist
cloth



 e.
none
of
the
above



 
 ANSWER
=
E

there
isn’t
a
good
method
for
extended
storage,
but
keeping
an
alginate



 
 impression
in
a
humidor
or
100%
humid
environment
will
help
reduce
distortion
a
little.


88.
Immediately
after
removal
from
the
mouth,
an
alginate
impression
should
be
thoroughly
rinsed

under
running
water,
have
excess
water
removed
from
the
impression
with
a
low­pressure
air

syringe.



 
 ANSWER
=
FALSE
(alginate
impressions
should
not
be
exposed
to
pressurized
air.
They



 
 should
be
gently
shaken
dry.)


89.
T
or
F:_____
Hydrocolloid
impressions
should
not
be
dried
with
an
air
syringes.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


90.
T
or
F:_____
Some
brands
of
alginate
contain
disinfecting
agents.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


91.
T
or
F:_____
Alginate
impressions
should
not
be
immersed
in
disinfecting
solutions
because
of

dimensional
stability
concerns



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE

92.
Pouring
gypsum
into
alginate
impression
materials
is
relatively
easy
because
alginate
has
a

hydrophilic
nature,
but
care
must
still
be
taken
to
prevent
bubbles
from
being
trapped
between
the

gypsum
and
impression.



 
 ANSWER
=
Hydrophillic


93.
Once
gypsum
is
poured
into
an
alginate
impression,
you
should
allow
at
least

_______________



minutes
for
the
gypsum
to
set
before
attempting
to
separate
the
gypsum
from
the
impression.



 
 ANSWER
=
30



94.
T
or
F:_____
Once
gypsum
is
poured
into
an
alginate
impression,
you
should
allow
at
least
30

minutes
for
the
gypsum
to
set
before
attempting
to
separate
the
gypsum
from
the
impression.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


95.
Choose
the
best
answer:
Once
gypsum
is
poured
into
alginate
impression,
it
is
best
to
wait
about

________
minutes
before
separating
the
gypsum
from
the
impression.



 a.
30
 
 b.
45
 
 c.
60
 
 d.
2
hours



 
 ANSWER
=
C


96.
T
or
F:_____
When
gypsum
is
poured
into
an
alginate
impression,
it
is
best
to
allow
60
minutes
to

pass
before
attempting
to
separate
the
gypsum
from
the
impression.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


97.
T
or
F:_____
After
1
hour
of
setting
time,
gypsum
will
have
achieved
its
maximum
stone
surface

density.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


98.
T
or
F:_____
Alginate
Hydrocolloid
is
a
rarely
used
impression
material
in
dental
application.




 
 ANSWER
=
FALSE
(It
is
a
commonly
used
material)


99.
T
or
F:_____
Alginate
Hydrocolloid
reproduces
detail
sufficiently
for
most
dental
applications.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


100.
T
or
F:_____
Alginate
Hydrocolloid
is
not
generally
considered
to
be
adequate
for
constructing
dies

using
the
indirect
technique.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


101.
Alginate
impression
material
may
have
be
incompatible
with
some
gypsum
varieties,
primarily:



 a.
Type
I

 b.
Type
II
 c.
Type
III
 d.

Type
IV



 
 ANSWER
=
D




102.
T
or
F:_____
Alginate
impression
material
may
be
incompatible
with
some
kinds
of
Type
IV

gypsum.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


103.
A
major
advance
over
inelastics,
this
type
of
impression
material
was
the
first
elastomeric

impression
material
introduced
to
dentistry.



 __________________________________________?



 
 ANSWER
=

What
is
reversible
hydrocolloid?


104.
T
or
F:_____

The
availability
of
reversible
hydrocolloid
made
the
indirect
technique
practical.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


105.
Extracted
from
a
certain
type
of
sea­weed,
this
substance
provides
a
suitable
colloid
as
a
base
for

dental
impression
materials.




 _______________________________________________?



 
 ANSWER
=
What
is
Agar‐agar?


106.
T
or
F:_____
When
suspended
in
water,
agar­agar
forms
a
liquid
sol
at
temperatures
that
can
be

safely
used
in
the
oral
cavity.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


107.
Agar­Agar
converts
to
gel
at
a
temperature:



 a.
slightly
above
that
of
the
mouth
.



 b.
of
98.6°



 c.
78°



 d.
150°



 
 ANSWER
=
A


108.
The
basic
constituent
of
reversible
hydrocolloid
impression
materials
is
agar­agar,
present
in
a

concentration
of
about:




 a.
8
to
10%
 b.
8
to
15%
 c.
50
to
70%
 d.
70%
or
more



 
 ANSWER
=
B


109.
T
or
F:_____
The
basic
constituent
of
reversible
hydrocolloid
impression
materials
is
agar­agar,

present
in
a
concentration
of
about
8
to
15
percent.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE




110.
The
principal
ingredient
of
reversible
hydrocolloid
is:



 a.
Agar‐agar
 b.
sea‐kelp
 c.
water


 d.
salt


111.
T
or
F:_____
Reversible
hydrocolloid,
specifically
Agar­agar
is
about
8
to
15%
water.



 
 ANSWER
=
FALSE
(it
is
about
80
to
85%
water)


112.
T
or
F:_____
Most
dental
product
for
reversible
hydrocolloid
is
a
blend
of
several
different
species

of
agar­agar.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


113.
Agar­agar
impression
material
requires
special
storage
and
dispensing
equipment
to
use.
From

the
list
below,
choose
equipment
that
would
be
needed
to
dispense
an
agar­agar
impression.




 a.
Syringe
to
inject
the
fluid
into
the
prep
area;




 b.
water
heated
trays



 c.
water
cooled
trays



 d.

cooling
tubes.



 e.
Spatula
to
pour
the
fluid
into
the
mouth
and
prep
area.



 
 ANSWER
=
A,
C,
D


114.
T
or
F:_____
Agar­agar
is
injected
into
and
around
the
prepared
area,
and
is
cooled
by
a
water­
cooled
tray
to
form
the
remainder
of
the
impression.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


115.
In
your
own
words,
list
the
steps
needed
to
obtain
an
agar­agar
impression:



 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________



 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________



 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________



 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________



 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________



 
 ANSWER
=
Step
by
step:
(The
dentist
injects
the
low
viscosity
syringe
material
into
the



 
 prepared
cavity.);
(The
tray
loaded
with
prepared
hydrocolloid
material
is
then
immediately



 
 brought
into
position
in
the
mouth
and
held
under
passive
pressure);

 
 


 
 (Gelation
of
the
hydrocolloid
is
induced
by
circulating
cool
water
in
the
tray);

 


 
 (Once
the
gel
has
cooled
for
5
minutes,
it
is
removed
from
the
mouth)




116.
T
or
F:_____
Agar­agar
is
placed
into
the
prepared
cavity
by
the
dentist.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


117.
T
or
F:_____
Agar­agar
trays
are
held
in
the
mouth
by
gentle
finger
pressure.



 
 ANSWER
=
FALSE
(the
tray
is
held
in
the
mouth
with
passive
pressure)


118.
T
or
F:_____
Gelation
of
agar­agar
in
the
mouth
during
the
impression
taking
process
is
initiated

by
circulating
water
through
a
special
tray




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


119.
The
temperature
of
water
that
is
circulated
through
an
impression
tray
when
taking
an
agar­agar

impression
ranges
between:



 a.
60
to
70°F
 b.
90
to
99°F
 c.
60
to
70°C
 d.
90
to
99°F
 e.
60
to
70°Kelvin



 
 ANSWER
=
A



120.
T
or
F:_____
The
temperature
of
water
that
is
circulated
through
an
impression
tray
when
taking

an
agar­agar
impression
ranges
between
60
to
70°F



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


121.
A
minimum
of
_____________minute
gelation
time
is
required
for
agar
agar
to
be
able
to
resist

distortion
or
fracture
during
removal
from
the
mouth.



 
 ANSWER
=
five


122.
T
or
F:_____
A
minimum
of
five
minute
gelation
time
is
required
for
agar
agar
to
be
able
to
resist

distortion
or
fracture
during
removal
from
the
mouth.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


123.
T
or
F:_____
Hydrocolloid
gel
is
composed
of
fibrils
of
agar­agar
suspended
in
water




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


124.
T
or
F:_____
Circle
the
words
that
make
the
following
statement
true:




 “Water
content
is
critical
to
the
dimensional
(strength
/
stability)
of
the
impression
because
if
water

is
lost,
the
gel
will
(swell
/
shrink
/
psychoanalyze);
and
if
water
is
absorbed,
the
impression
will
swell
and

(excrete
/
expand).





 
 ANSWER
=
stability
;
shrink
;
expand


125.
T
or
F:_____
Because
no
satisfactory
method
exists
for
storing
a
hydrocolloid
impression,
the

importance
of
immediately
constructing
the
cast
cannot
be
understated.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE

126.
Choose
the
best
answer:
On
critical
dental
preparations,
inaccuracy
can
be
detected
in
as
little
as










minutes
after
the
agar­agar
impression
is
taken
from
the
mouth.




 a.
5

 
 b.
10
 
 c.
15
 
 d.
20



 
 ANSWER
=
C


127.
T
or
F:_____
On
critical
dental
preparations,
inaccuracy
can
be
detected
in
as
little
as
15
minutes

after
the
agar­agar
impression
is
taken
from
the
mouth.





 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


128.
T
or
F:_____
Some
form
of
alginate
is
ordinarily
used
as
the
cast
or
die
material
in
a
hydrocolloid

impression.



 
 ANSWER
=
FALSE
(not
alginate
but
gypsum
product)


129.
The
slightest
porosity
or
chalkiness
from
a
gypsum
material
poured
into
an
impression
on
the

die
results
in
:



 a.
inaccuracy
and
lack
of
sharp
detail.




 b.
a
ripped
impression
upon
stone
removal
from
adhesion
of
the
stone
to
the
impression



 c.
the
stone
not
setting
up
properly



 d.
weak
stone
that
abrades
easily



 
 ANSWER
=
A


130.
A
correctly
formulated
reversible
hydrocolloid
has
little
deleterious
effect
on
the
hardness
of

gypsum
types
______________
and
______________.



 
 ANSWER
=
Types
II
and
III


131.
Circle
the
words
that
make
the
following
statement
true:




 “The
hardness
of
(type
IV
/

type
II)
gypsum
product
may
be
reduced
by
about
(on­half
/
one­third)

from
contact
with
(an
Irreversible
/
a
reversible)
hydrocolloid.”





 
 ANSWER
=
Type
IV
;
one‐third;
reversible


132.
T
or
F:_____
The
hardness
of
type
IV
gypsum
product
may
be
reduced
by
about
one­third
from

contact
with
a
reversible
hydrocolloid.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


133.
T
or
F:_____
In
general,
the
general
surface
character,
including
hardness,
of
any
gypsum
correctly

proportioned
and
mixed
should
be
satisfactory
after
setting
in
contact
with
modern
commercial

reversible
hydrocolloid.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE

134.
Choose
the
best
answer:
At
one
time,
immersing
an
impression
in
a

























solution
of





















































































before
filling
with
a
mix
of
dental
stone
was
a
common
practice.

.


 a.
2%
;
potassium
sulfur



 b.
2%
;
potassium
sulfate



 c.
5%
potassium
citrate



 d.
5%
phosphoric
acid



 
 ANSWER
=
B
 


135.
Immersing
an
impression
in
a
2%
solution
of
potassium
sulfate
before
filling
it
with
a
mix
of

dental
stone
will
result
in
the
stone
having:




 a.
a
denser
body

 b.
a
denser
surface
 c.
a
slicker
surface
 d.
a
stable
surface



 
 ANSWER
=
B



136.
Immersing
an
impression
in
a
2%
solution
of
potassium
sulfate
before
filling
it
with
a
mix
of

dental
stone
can
cause
the
impression
to:




 a.
retain
less
water
 b.
reduce
porosity
in
the
stone

 c.
discolor
 d.
distort




 
 ANSWER
=
D


137.
T
or
F:_____
For
most
modern
impression
materials,
immersion
in
a
2%
solution
of
potassium

sulfate
prior
to
pouring
stone
is
no
longer
needed.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


138.
If
there
is
excess
water
on
the
impression
at
the
time
stone
is
poured,
the
result
will
be:




 a.
a
smooth
stone
surface



 b.
a
weak
stone
surface



 c.
a
rough
stone
surface.




 d.
an
amorphous
surface



 
 ANSWER
=
C




139.
To
remove
excess
water
from
an
agar­agar
impression,
the
impression
should
be;




 a.
shaken
or
tapped
gently.




 b.
sprayed
with
air
from
an
air
syringe.



 c.
left
to
air
dray,
undisturbed



 d.
gently
blotted
from
the
impression.



 
 ANSWER
=
D


140.
T
or
F:_____
The
surface
of
an
agar­agar
impression
that
is
“ready
to
pour”
should
appear
shiny

and
moist
but
with
no
visible
water
film
or
droplets.




 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


141.
Somewhat
superior
stone
surfaces
usually
are
obtained
if
the
stone
is
allowed
to
harden
in
an

atmosphere
of
about




















relative
humidity.



 
 ANSWER
=
100%


142.
T
or
F:_____
Filled
agar­agar
impressions
should
never
be
immersed
in
water
while
stone
is

setting.



 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


143.
To
keep
stone
in
a
100%
humid
atmosphere,
and
to
prevent
distortion
of
the
agar­agar

impression,
the
best
thing
to
do
is
to
put
the
impression
and
stone:




 a.
into
a
humidor
 b.
into
a
thermador
 c.
into
a
humor
door
 d.
into
a
matador



 
 ANSWER
=
A



144.
T
or
F:_____
Once
poured,
gypsum
should
not
be
separated
from
the
agar­agar
impression
for
at

least
30
minutes,
and
ideally
1
hour.





 
 ANSWER
=
TRUE


145.
Premature
removal
of
the
stone
from
an
impression
will
result
in
an
________________________
die

surface




 
 ANSWER
=
Inferior


146.
T
or
F:_____
Irreversible
hydrocolloid
materials
were
the
first
of
the
elastomeric
impression

materials
to
be
developed.





 
 ANSWER
=
FALSE
(reversible
hydrocolloids
were
the
first.)