NUCLEOTIDE

CHEMISTRY
STRUCTURE OF NUCLEOTIDES
BASE
PO4 PO4 PO4 CH2 O
’
5
4’ N – glycosidic bond
1’
3’ 2’

OH OH

Nucleoside

Nucleoside
monophosphate

Nucleoside Nucleotides
diphosphate

Nucleoside Triphosphate
 NITROGENOUS BASES

BASE NUCLEOSIDE NUCLEOTIDE

PURINE
Adenine Adenosine Adenylate

Deoxyadenosine Deoxyadenylate

Guanine Guanosine Guanylate

Deoxyguanosine Deoxyguanylate
 NITROGENOUS BASES

BASE NUCLEOSIDE NUCLEOTIDE

PYRIMIDINE
Cytosine Cytidine Cytidylate

Deoxycytidine Deoxycyticylate

Thymine Thymidine Thymidylate

Deoxythymidine Deoxythymidylate

Uracil Uridine Uridylate

 NUCLEIC ACID
A
5 End
’ PO4 CH2 O
’
3
5
1’

C
PO4 CH2 O

Phosphodiester bond

G
PO4 CH2 O

3’
3’ End
 DNA
Double – helix
Hydrogen bonding between nitrogenous bases

Base pairs
Complementary strands
Antiparallel
 Composed of a sugar- phosphate backbone
 Sugar is deoxyribose
 Chargaff Rule
 The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of

thymine
 The amount of guanine is equal to the amount of

cytosine
 DNA
5’ End 3’ End
PO4
PO4
O H N
N
N N A 3’
T H
H2C N
1’ 5’
5’ O O O CH2
1’
3’

PO4 PO4
N H O
N 3’
C N H N G
H2C N
1’ 5’
O O H N O
5’
1’ CH2
3’
3’ End PO4 PO4
5’ End
 RNA
 Usually single – stranded
 Sugar – phosphate backbone consists of
ribonucleotides
 Linked by 3’ – 5’ phosphodiester bond

 Sugar is ribose
 Nitrogenous base URACIL replaces
THYMINE
 RNA

mRNA Carrier of genetic information from DNA

Direct synthesis of cellular proteins 3’
Polycistronic vs. monocistronic 5’

tRNA Activates amino acids

Transports amino acids to ribosomes
D loop TψC
Adapter molecule loop

Anticodon
rRNA Provides the machinery for protein
synthesis loop

Prokaryotes – 70S
Eukaryotes – 80S
 CHROMOSOME
Stabilized by
Located in rRNA located
producing
Ribosome
Nucleus Promoter
histones Starts in
contains
Transcription tRNA
To form
DNA Template in produces
Site of
chromatin
undergoes
Template
mRNA
Replication in
during Composed
Introns
of Translation
S phase Described as
by
Of the Exons
Semiconservative
Cell Cycle Initiated by Polymerization

Results in producing
OriC
Elongation
Polypeptide