Mr.

Mohammed Zouli
Unit 7 : Citizenship
Vocabulary Related To Citizenship
-Citizenship:It is membership in a political community (originally a city or town but now usually a
country) and carries with it rights to political participation as well as duties (responsibilities) towards the
good of the whole community.

-"Active citizenship": is the philosophy that citizens should work towards the betterment
(improvement) of their community through economic participation, public service, volunteer work, and
other such efforts to improve life for all citizens. In this vein, schools in some countries provide citizenship
education.

-Active citizen:A citizen who takes an active role in the community (as in crime prevention and
neighbourhood watch)

Citizen:A person having a membership in a political community is a citizen enjoying rights and
exercising obligations (duties, responsibilities.)

-Civic behaviour:The behaviour citizens areexpected to demonstrate in their daily lives."Collective

work to clean your neighbourhood, helping lost strangers to find their ways, leaving your bus seat for an
old person... can be considered as civic behaviour."
Civic engagement:Positive involvement in the affairs (social, political, and economic) of the home
town, country, state ... Civic engagement can take many forms- from individual volunteerism to
organizational involvement to electoral participation. It can include efforts to directly address an issue,
work with others in a community to solve a problem or interact with the institutions of representative
democracy.

-Civic culture:The way good citizens should behave.

-Civic values:The beliefs people have about what is right and wrong and what is most important,
which control their civic behaviour

-Civic consciousness:Awareness of civic behaviour, good citizenship.

-Civicism:The principle of civil government. The doctrine that all citizens have the same rights and
obligations.

-Civic duty:An act or a course of action that is required of one by position, social custom, law, or
religion. Moral obligation to fulfil one's responsibilities.
The social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; "we must instill a sense of
duty in our children"; "every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every
possession, a duty"- John D.Rockefeller Jr

-Community:a. A group of people living in the same locality and under the same government.
b. The district or locality in which such a group lives.

-Community service:Work that people do to help other people without payment.

Some young criminals whose crime is not serious enough for them to be put in prison are sometimes
ordered to do community service.

-Country:It is a political unit. An area of land that has its own government, army, etc:
"Which is the largest country in Europe?"
"Sri Lanka is my native country, but I've been living in Belgium for the past five years."

-Cooperation:When you work together with someone or do what they ask you:
There's very little cooperation between the neighbours.

53
 Mr.Mohammed Zouli
Unit 7 : Citizenship
-Election:A time when people vote in order to choose someone for a political or official job:
"The Government is expected to call an election (= allow the country to vote) very soon."
"The first election results have started to come in."

-Election campaign:The period of weeks immediately before an election when politicians try to
persuade people to vote for them.

-Dual nationality / citizenship:The nationality of two countries at the same time:

"Dual British and American nationality"

-Non-profit organization:A non-profit organization (abbreviated "NPO", also "non-profit" or

"not-for-profit") is a legally constituted organization whose primary objective is to support or to actively
engage in activities of public or private interest without any commercial or monetary profit purposes. NPOs
are active in a wide range of areas, including the environment, humanitarian aid, animal protection,
education, the arts, social issues, charities, early childhood education, health care, politics, religion,
research, sports or other endeavors.

-Patriotism:Love of and devotion to one's country.

A devoted love, support, and defense of one’s country; national loyalty. — patriot, n. — patriotic, adj.

-State:A country or its government:

"The drought is worst in the central African states."
"Britain is one of the member states of the European Union."
"The government was determined to reduce the number of state-owned industries."

-Vote:To express your choice or opinion, especially by officially marking a paper or by raising your
hand or speaking in a meeting:
"She was too young to vote in the national election."

-Volunteerism:Volunteerism is the willingness of people to work on behalf of others without the

expectation of pay or other tangible gain. Volunteers may have special training as rescuers, guides,
assistants, teachers ... But the majority work because they recognize a need and fill it, whether it be the
dramatic search for a lost child or the mundane giving of directions to a lost visitor. In economics,
voluntary employment is unpaid employment. It may be done for altruistic reasons, for example charity, as
a hobby, community service or vocation, or for the purpose of gaining experience.
Volunteers engage in voluntary work

54
 Mr.Mohammed Zouli
Unit 7 : Citizenship
Asking for advice
-What should I do?
-What’s your advice for…?
-I don’t know what to do.
Asking for and giving advice
Giving advice
*If I were you, I’d…..
*You should (not)/……
*Have you tried + V ing?
Responding to advice
-That’ a good idea. Thanks.
-It sounds like a good idea.
-Thank you for your advice, but I
really……

-How can I….? *I think you should…… -Thanks, but I’ve already…..
-Whaaaat4s the best….? *Why don’t you…….?

-Thanks, but I doubt whether…..

-What do you think I should do?
-What do you suggest?
-What would you do if….?
-What would you advise me to
do?
*You’d better/ you’d better not…
*Whatever you do, don’t….
~Perhaps you should…….
~It would be a good idea if…..
~It’ better not to…..
~It’s a good idea to/ not to……

~Typical in written and more formal

situations.

A-Complete these exchanges by offering appropriate piece of advice:

-My water bill is always high. What should I do?
……………………………………………………………….
-I’m really thinking of quitting my present job and emigrating to Germany.
……………………………………………………………….
-I’m afraid I’m putting on weight, doctor. What do you think I should do?
……………………………………………………………….
B-Rewrite the following pieces of advice using the expressions in brackets:
-Why don’t you give up drinking alcohol? (Ought to…)
……………………………………………………………….
-You’d better stop being late; otherwise you’ll lose your job. (It should be a good idea if……)
……………………………………………………………….
-If I were you, I’d send my daughters to private school. (I think you should….)
……………………………………………………………….

55
Mr.Mohammed Zouli
Unit 7 : Citizenship
DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECH
You can answer the question "What did he/she say?" in two ways:

• by repeating the words spoken (direct speech)

• by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech).

Direct Speech
Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the
words spoken between inverted commas ("....") and there is no change in these words. We may be reporting
something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a
previous conversation

Examples

• She says "What time will you be home?"

• She said "What time will you be home?" and I said "I don't know! "
• "There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
• John said, "There's an elephant outside the window."

Reported Speech
Reported speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words
spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the
reported words.Inverted commas are not used.

• She said, "I saw him." She said that she had seen him.

'That' may be omitted:

• She told him that she was happy.

• She told him she was happy.

'Say' and 'tell':

• Use 'say' when there is no indirect object:

• He said that he was tired.

• Always use 'tell' when you say who was being spoken to (i.e. with an indirect object):
• He told me that he was tired.

'Talk' and 'speak' are used:

1- to describe the action of communicating:

• He talked to us.
• She was speaking on the telephone.

2- with 'about' to refer to what was said:

He talked (to us) about his parents.

56
Mr.Mohammed Zouli
Unit 7 : Citizenship
Reported Speech: Summary of reporting verbs
1. Verbs followed by 'if' or 'whether' + clause:

ask say
know see
remember

2. Verbs followed by a that-clause:

add doubt remember

admit estimate repeat
agree explain report
announce fear reveal
answer feel say
argue insist state
boast mention suggest
claim observe suppose
comment persuade tell
complain propose think
confirm remark understand
consider reply warn
deny

3. Verbs followed by either a that-clause or a to-infinitive:

decide promise
expect swear
guarantee threaten
hope

4. Verbs followed by a that-clause containing should (but note that it may be omitted, leaving a
subject + zero-infinitive):

advise insist recommend

beg prefer request
demand propose suggest

5. Verbs followed by a clause starting with a question word:

decide imagine see

describe know suggest
discover learn teach
discuss realise tell
explain remember think
forget reveal understand
guess say wonder

6. Verbs followed by object + to-infinitive

advise forbid teach

ask instruct tell
beg invite warn
command
REPORTED SPEECH: CHANGE OF TIME AND PLACE

57
Mr.Mohammed Zouli
Unit 7 : Citizenship
Example
• "I will see you here tomorrow", she said.
day.
The most common of these changes are shown below:
Today
"I saw him today", she said.
Yesterday
"I saw him yesterday", she said.
The day before yesterday
"I met her the day before yesterday",
he said.
Tomorrow
"I'll see you tomorrow", he said
The day after tomorrow
"We'll come the day after tomorrow",
they said.
Next week/month/year
"I have an appointment next week",
she said.
Last week/month/year
"I was on holiday last week", he told us.
ago
"I saw her a week ago," he said.
this (for time)
"I'm getting a new car this week", she
said.
this/that (adjectives)
"Do you like this shirt?" he asked
here
He said, "I live here".
Other changes:
In general, personal pronouns change to the third person singular or plural, except when the speaker
reports his own words:
• I/me/my/mine, you/your/yours
• we/us/our/ours, you/your/yours
• He said: "I like your new car." He told her that he liked her new car.
• I said: "I'm going to my friend's house."
APPLICATION FOR SCHOLARSHIP TO STUDY IN THE UNITED STATES
She said that she would see me there the next
that day
She said that she had seen him that day.
the day before
She said that she had seen him the day before.
two days before
He said that he had met her two days before.
the next/following day
He said that he would see me the next day.
in two days time/ two days later
They said that they would come in two days time/
two days later.
the following week/month/year
She said that she had an appointment the following
week.
the previous/week/month/year
He told us that he had been on holiday the previous
week.
before
He said he had seen her a week before.
that
She said she was getting a new car that week.
the
He asked if I liked the shirt.
there
He told me he lived there.
him/his/her/hers
they/their/theirs:
I said that I was going to my friend's house.
58
Mr.Mohammed Zouli
Unit 7 : Citizenship
NOTE: Scholarships awarded by the Commission are joint grants of the U.S Government (The Fulbright Program) and
the Moroccan Government with the participation of the private sector in funding select grants.

Attach Photo
here
Deadline for submission of completed
application form with required
attachments: May 17

1. Name:______________________________________________________________
Last Name First Name

2. Home Address:_____________________________________________________

Telephone:__________________ Mobile phone: _______________________

3. Business Address:_________________________________________________

Department:__________________________ Telephone:__________________

E/mail____________________________ Fax:__________________________

4. At which address is it easier to contact you?

Home [ ] Business [ ]
(check which)

5. Date of Birth:____________________Place of Birth:_________________

Day/Month/Year

6. Do you have any other nationality in addition to Moroccan?

[ ] YES [ ] NO

If so, what other nationality?___________________________________

Passport number(s):______________________________________________

Do you have or have you ever applied for U.S. permanent residency (i.e., green card)?
Yes [ ] No [ ]

7. Marital Status (single, married, other)___________________________

8. Educational Background: List educational institutions attended and any in which you may be enrolled at present.

UNIVERSITY
Institution and
Location Major Field of study Dates: From/To Degree
or diploma Date of completion

SECONDARY

9. Are you a Fonctionnaire of the Government of Morocco [ ] Yes [ ] No

If yes, you should submit preliminary authorization from your Ministry for your plans to take a leave of absence for the
period of U.S. study.

59
Mr.Mohammed Zouli
Unit 7 : Citizenship
10. Work experience: list positions held, beginning with present or most recent.

FROM TO
Name & Address of Employer Position Month Year Month Year

11. Have you applied, or do you plan to apply, for scholarships or financial assistance to study in the U.S. from any
source other than the Moroccan-American Commission? [ ] YES [ ] NO

If your answer is "YES", please provide details below:

Sources and kind of assistance Date (or anticipated date of application) Response received if any

Note: You must keep the Commission informed if you are offered scholarship or financial assistance, or become a
candidate for such assistance, from sources other than the Commission itself.

12. List scholarships or fellowships held at present or in the past (Give source or sponsor, amount, where held, duration):
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

13. List academic honors or prizes which you have received:

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

14. List any books, theses or articles written by you, especially in your proposed field of study: ( give title, date and
place of publication.) Additional sheets may be attached.
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

15. Have you been to the United States previously [ ] YES [ ] No

If yes give details below:

FROM TO
Month Year Month Year Places Purposes

16. Please list other foreign residence or travel, mentioning dates, countries and purposes.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

17. TESTS: to be complete, your application file must include records of your scores on two tests:(a) Test of English as
a Foreign Language (TOEFL) (b) Either the General Test of the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE), for most Fields
of study,or the Graduate Management Achievement Test (GMAT), if you propose to study Business Administration.

Test Name Date taken or to be taken

Score
TOEFL

60
Mr.Mohammed Zouli
Unit 7 : Citizenship
GMAT
GRE Verbal (V)

Quantitative (Q) Analytical (A)

18. Names and positions of three persons you have asked to write
letters of recommendation for you:

NAME POSITION

(1)___________________________________________________________________

(2)___________________________________________________________________

(3)___________________________________________________________________

Note: Please ask the persons named above to send their letters of recommendation, (in English, French, or Arabic)
directly to the Moroccan-American Commission, 7 rue Agadir, Rabat, Morocco.

19. Degree sought in the U.S.* :

MA [ ] - MS [ ] - MBA [ ] - PhD [ ]- other:________________

Field of study:____________________________________________________

*A grant from the Commission is awarded for study toward only one graduate degree, either Master's (MS, MA,
MBA,...) or Doctorate (PhD).

20. Is this the first time you are applying for the Commission’s grant ? ___________________________

21. Please explain in detail why you feel graduate study in the U.S. would meet your needs. Please note that financial
need is not considered in awarding grants. You should emphasize why you feel you merit the scholarship on academic,
professional and personal grounds. Please provide a clear indication of the field in which you propose to specialize and
why you feel this domain is important for yourself and for Morocco. Also explain how your proposed graduate degree
will advance your career goals and enable you to contribute to the overall development of your country.

Please give careful thought to this statement and write it as clearly and persuasively as you can, in English. In making its
selections, the Commission pays particular attention to how applicants answer this question.

(Please type)
Personal Statement (cont.)

If you need more space to complete your answer to any question, or to add other relevant information, please attach
additional sheets on this application form. Also, be sure, to attach all the documents listed on the next page.
22. ATTACHMENTS

THIS APPLICATION SHOULD BE ACCOMPANIED BY THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS:

(A) RECORD OF YOUR SCORE ON THE TOEFL (within past two- years)
minimum scores: paper-based:550, computer-based: 213

(B) RECORD OF YOUR SCORE ON EITHER THE GRE GENERAL TEST OR THE GMAT
(within past two-years)

(C) CERTIFIED PHOTOCOPIES OF ALL UNIVERSITY DIPLOMAS OR DEGREES THAT

YOU HAVE RECEIVED.

(D) TRANSCRIPTS (relevés de note) for all university study already

completed.

61
Mr.Mohammed Zouli
Unit 7 : Citizenship
(E) A STATEMENT FROM A MEDICAL DOCTOR CERTIFYING THAT YOU ARE IN GOOD
HEALTH.

(F) FONCTIONNAIRES ONLY: A PRELIMINARY AUTHORIZATION FROM YOUR

DIRECTOR OR YOUR DEAN.

(G) APPLICANTS FOR AN MBA GRANT SHOULD SUBMIT A STATEMENT PROVING

THAT THEY HAVE HAD AT LEAST ONE YEAR PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE ( BY
THE TIME THEY SUBMIT THEIR APPLICATION).

62