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Kultur Dokumente
CONTENTS...............................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................4
Definition.............................................................................................................. 5
INDIAN CULTURE......................................................................................................5
RELIGION................................................................................................................. 7
Along with Christian religion came the rest of British or Western culture, thought
and customs and the gradual end of traditional ways of life. Thus our traditional
religions and cultures were gradually subverted or eliminated. The new Indian
converts to Christianity were encouraged not only to give up their religion but
their culture, which often had religious or spiritual implications as well. A good
Indian Christian convert would dress like an Englishman and emulate English
manners in all things. Thus in India the Hindus who converted to Christianity
were encouraged to think, behave and live like Englishmen...............................7
SOCIETY...................................................................................................................7
Family: ................................................................................................................ 8
India for ages has had a prevailing tradition of the joint family system. Arranged
marriages have the tradition in Indian society for centuries. Overwhelming
majority of Indians have their marriages planned by their parents and other
respected family-members, with the consent of the bride and groom. Although
women and men are equal before the law and the trend toward gender equality
has been noticeable, women and men still occupy distinct functions in Indian
society. Woman's role in the society is often to perform household works and
pro bono community work. ..................................................................................8
Greeting: .............................................................................................................8
Festivals: .............................................................................................................8
India, being a multi-cultural and multi-religious society, celebrates holidays and
festivals of various religions. The 3 National holidays in India, are the
Independence Day, the Republic Day and the Gandhi Jayanti, Popular religious
festivals include the Hindu festivals of Diwali, Durga puja, Holi, Rakshabandhan,
Dussehra, Ramzaan etc........................................................................................8
CUISINE.................................................................................................................... 8
CLOTHING................................................................................................................9
PERFORMING ARTS.................................................................................................. 9
Music .................................................................................................................. 9
Dance................................................................................................................... 9
Other changes in social and cultural life................................................................10
CULTURE................................................................................................................ 13
CASE STUDY...........................................................................................................15
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................17
IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON
INDIAN CULTURE
- G.G. Nandhini
Dept. No: 09/P702
M.Com (1st Yr)
IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION
ON INDIAN CULTURE
INTRODUCTION
People around the globe are more connected to each other today than ever
before in the history of mankind. Information and money flow more quickly than ever.
Goods and services produced in one part of the world are increasingly available in all
parts of the world. International travel is more frequent. International communication is
commonplace.
We live in an intensely interdependent world in which all the earth’s peoples with
their immense differences of culture and historical experience are compressed together
in instant communication. This phenomenon has been titled ‘Globalization.’
‘The Era of Globalization’ is fast becoming the preferred term for describing the
current times. Globalization describes the political, economic, and cultural atmosphere
of today. The forces that allow businesses to operate as if national borders did not exist
also allow social activists, labour organizers, journalists, academics, international
terrorists and many others to work on a global stage.
- Stegler, p. ix
CULTURE
Culture is defined as patterns of human activity and the symbols that give these
activities significance. Culture is what people eat, how they dress, beliefs they hold, and
activities they practice. Globalization has joined different cultures and made it into
something different. “When cultures receive outside influences, they ignore some and
adopt others, and then almost immediately start to transform them.”
Definition
- E.B.Taylor
INDIAN CULTURE
Indian culture which in effect means Hindu culture, Hindu religion, Hindu society,
Hindu civilization, and Hindu way of life are under the lethal threat of the ruthless forces
of Globalization today. What went by the name of Colonialism in classical history
textbooks produced in the days of British Raj has been replaced today by the synonym
of Globalization. The unbridled expansion of western culture has continued at an
accelerated rate along with the denigration and decline of Hindu culture, civilization,
religion, art, literature and customs. This new Colonialism has taken on several new
faces or rather put on new masks. It cleverly masquerade itself through labels and
slogans like democracy, humanitarian rights, gender equality, internationalism, free
trade and humanitarianism. In the name of modernization and Globalization it pretends
to be uplifting peoples whom it is really exploiting. This is not very different in either kind
or intent from old Western Colonialism – British Imperialism in the Indian context –
which vaunted itself as the benign bringer of Civilization and culture to the uncivilized
world. It was given the glorious title of 'White Man's Burden'.
The Culture of India has been shaped by its long history, unique geography,
diverse demographics and the absorption of customs, traditions and ideas from some of
its neighbours as w its ancient heritages, which were formed during the Indus Valley
Civilization and evolved further during the Vedic age, rise and decline of Buddhism,
Golden age, Muslim conquests and European colonization.
Due to economic liberalization and globalization, the world has become a “global
village”. There is increasing interaction between people of different countries. As a
result food habits, dress habits, lifestyle and views are being internationalized. The
influence of globalization on such aspects are analysed under the following heads
RELIGION
India is the birth place of Dharmic religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism
and Sikhism. Dharmic religions, also known as Indian religions, are a major form of
world religions next to the Abrahamic ones. India is one of the most religiously diverse
nations in the world, with some of the most deeply religious societies and cultures.
Religion still plays a central and definitive role in the life of most of its people. Despite
the strong role of religion in Indian life, atheism and agnostics also have visible
influence along with a self-ascribed tolerance to other faiths.
Impact
Along with Christian religion came the rest of British or Western culture, thought
and customs and the gradual end of traditional ways of life. Thus our traditional religions
and cultures were gradually subverted or eliminated. The new Indian converts to
Christianity were encouraged not only to give up their religion but their culture, which
often had religious or spiritual implications as well. A good Indian Christian convert
would dress like an Englishman and emulate English manners in all things. Thus in
India the Hindus who converted to Christianity were encouraged to think, behave and
live like Englishmen.
SOCIETY
The traditional Indian culture is defined by relatively strict social hierarchy. From
an early age, children are reminded of their roles and places in society. Several
differences such as religion divide culture. However, far more powerful division is the
traditional Hindu bifurcation into non-polluting and polluting occupations. Strict social
taboos have governed these groups for thousands of years. Among developing
countries, India has low levels of occupational and geographic mobility. People choose
same occupations as their parents and rarely move geographically in the society.
Family:
India for ages has had a prevailing tradition of the joint family system. Arranged
marriages have the tradition in Indian society for centuries. Overwhelming majority of
Indians have their marriages planned by their parents and other respected family-
members, with the consent of the bride and groom. Although women and men are equal
before the law and the trend toward gender equality has been noticeable, women and
men still occupy distinct functions in Indian society. Woman's role in the society is often
to perform household works and pro bono community work.
Greeting:
Festivals:
Impact
1. Nuclear families are emerging.
2. Divorce rates are rising day by day.
3. Men and women are gaining equal right to education, to earn, and to speak.
4. ‘Hi’, ‘Hello’ is used to greet people in spite of Namaskar and Namaste.
5. American festivals like Valentines day, Friendship day etc. are spreading across
India.
CUISINE
The multiple families of Indian cuisine are characterized by their sophisticated
and subtle use of many spices and herbs. Though a significant portion of Indian food is
vegetarian, many traditional Indian dishes also include chicken, goat, lamb, fish, and
other meats. Cuisine across India has also been influenced by various cultural groups
that entered India throughout history, such as the Persians, Mughals, and European
colonists. Though the tandoor originated in Central Asia, Indian tandoori dishes, such as
chicken tikka made with Indian ingredients, enjoy widespread popularity.
Impact
Indian cuisine is one of the most popular cuisines across the globe. Historically,
Indian spices and herbs were one of the most sought after trade commodities. Pizzas,
burgers, Chinese foods and other Western foods have become quite popular.
CLOTHING
Traditional Indian clothing for women are the saris and also Ghaghra Cholis For
men, traditional clothes are the Dhoti, Kurta. In southern India men wear long, white
sheets of cloth called dhoti with shirts. Women wear a sari draped over a simple or
fancy blouse. This is worn by young ladies and woman. Little girls wear a pavada.
Traditionally, the red bindi (or sindhur) was worn only by the married Hindu women, but
now it has become a part of women's fashion.
Impact
PERFORMING ARTS
Music
The music of India includes multiples varieties of religious, folk, popular, pop, and
classical music. India's classical music includes two distinct styles: Carnatic and
Hindustani music. It remains instrumental to the religious inspiration, cultural expression
and pure entertainment.
Dance
Indian dance too has diverse folk and classical forms. Bharatanatyam, kathak,
kathakali mohiniattam, kuchipudi, odissi are popular dance forms in India.
Kalarippayattu or Kalari for short is considered one of the world's oldest martial art.
There have been many great practitioners of Indian martial Arts including Bodhidharma
who supposedly brought Indian martial arts to China.
Impact
The foreign culture can have both positive and negative influence on people and
business firms. New ways of thinking and working may develop leading to higher
efficiency. A few examples of impact of foreign culture on business practices are given
below:
The business sector in India is highly promising in the present scenario. The
impact of globalization has changed the business procedure in India in terms of
psychology, methodology, technology, mindset work culture etc. Newer challenges,
newer opportunities are day-by-day in front of Indian industries, which are profitable and
prospective.
The fundamental scope of doing business in India is lying with its people. The
huge population of India has created a large unsaturated market of consumers. This is
one of the reasons why global companies are very much interested in doing business in
India. In the post globalization era this scope has increased immensely for global
multinational companies as Government of India has also played a very crucial and
supportive role in this respect through liberalized policies and legislative structure.
Let us glance through a few situations that have arisen in India post liberalization
But there are certain negative impacts occurred aftermath the globalization impact in
India, which are as follows –
India is a complex country, and those arriving here to do business will discover
that the path to success is often, not very smooth. The following tips will give them an
idea of the working and business norms in practice here. These form the basis of doing
business in India as well as closely connected to risks of doing business in India.
These tips mentioned above may not apply to all situations, as India is a land of
contrasts and each person you meet will be unique blend of Indian/Western values.
People from different socio-economic strata, educational backgrounds, class and
religion may behave very differently.
CASE STUDY
Orissan Handicrafts in the Age of
Globalization:
Challenges and Opportunities
Folk arts and crafts are the integral parts of life in Orissa. Famous for the beauty
and craftsmanship of Konark, Jagannath and Lingaraj and incalculable other temples,
Orissa offer a prominent collection of arts and crafts both decorative and utilitarian. Be
it the brilliant appliqu works of Pipili, sparkling Patta Chitra of Puri, Silver Filigree
jewellery and golden grass mats of Cuttack or dazzling Horn work of Parlakhemundi
and Clay Toys of Mayurbhanj, each handicrafts emanate a charm and originality of its
own. In the days of Mc Donalds, Pepsi Cola and Levi's jeans, where free flow of goods
and services and also of people and culture have been rampant, the volatility of the
choice of the variety-seeking consumers, the king in the age of globalization not only
always demands the new and modern but also sometimes revamps the old and the
traditional. It is here the case for traditional arts and crafts comes to the fore. Quite
surprisingly many foreign fashion shows are run these days with Hollywood models
wearing the appliqued motifs sarees designed by Indian fashion designers. This
instance adds to growing demand for Indian folk creations like, applique umbrellas in
western sea beaches. This shows how tradition meets with modernity these days.
Globalization has put both east and west into one compartment and makes a single
village a global village. In the age of jet travel and mobile communication, boundaries
between cultures are liable to erode and deterritorialised.
The skilled hand of the Indian craftsmen is our most important and yet most
invisible resource. It is to be perceived with concern and with a precise understanding
of its value. Because once lost nothing can replace it. India has been the exporter of
crafts for ages. The workmanship of the Indian craftsmen is so exquisite that
throughout the 18th and 19th centuries India was known to other countries on the trade
route more by her crafts than by her art, religion and philosophy.
As the data shown above clarifies, remarkable progress has been made in
exports of handicrafts since India's Independence. The Handicrafts and Handlooms
Exports corporations of India ltd (HHEC) a govt. of India undertaking established in
1962 has been instrumental in promoting Indian handloom fabrics in the west. There is
a vast scope for the Indian's handicrafts exports to grow further. In the age of
globalization, where efficiency meets success, Indian handicrafts further prospects lies
in diversification of products and markets. We have to be ahead of our competitors in
keeping ourselves informed of market trend and changes in fashion and design.
CONCLUSION
The impact of foreign culture is increasing as more people travel abroad and
interact with foreigners. Internet, multinational companies, growing foreign trade is other
means which are contributing to impact of foreign culture.
Every educated Indian seems to believe that nothing in Hindu India, past or
present, is to be approved unless recognized and recommended by an appropriate
authority in the West. There is an all-pervading presence of a positive, if not worshipful,
attitude towards everything in western society and culture, past as well as present in the
name of progress, reason and science. Nothing from the West is to be rejected unless it
has first been weighed and found wanting by a Western evaluation.
Precisely such a terrible thing is taking place in India today on account of the
inexorable and immutable process of Globalization.