Cicode Programming

<Instructor’s Name>
Objectives

 Good Understanding & Competent in Use of

Cicode
 Be Able to Use Cicode in Commands and
Expressions
 Apply Learning to Your Own Site or Project
 Be Able to Write Your Own Cicode Functions
 Know How to Debug Your Own Cicode
Functions

This Presentation is © 2005 – 2007 Citect Pty Ltd

Agenda - Day 1
 Welcome
 Introduction to Cicode
 Variable Operators Used in Cicode
 The Cicode Editor
 Writing Simple Functions
 Using Cicode Variables
 Conversion Functions
 Include Files
Agenda - Day 2
 Conditional Executors
 Cicode Return Functions
 Arrays
 Debugging Your Code
Training Facilities

 Emergency Exits
 Ladies’ & Gents’
 Kitchen
 Breaks / lunch
 Mobile Phones
 Compendium
Welcome

 Introduce trainer
 Students introduce self
 Name
 Employer
 Current Citect or SCADA experience
 Expected outcomes from training
Training Agreement

 It’s OK to….
 Express ideas
 Challenge the facilitator
 Offer examples
 Question
 Relax
Training Agreement

 Trainer’s role
 Start and end on time
 Professionally facilitate the exchange of information and knowledge
 Allow time for (and encourage) input
 Listen non-defensively
 Help you learn
Training Agreement

 Your role
 Be on time
 Participate
 Learn in your own way
 Provide honest open feedback
 Enjoy yourself
Ergonomics

Desks and chairs


Adjust to your comfort level

Relocate screen, keyboard, mouse as required

Environmental conditions

Lighting

Air conditioning

Rest and relaxation

Regular movement

Eye strain

Introduction to Cicode
Chapter 2
Introduction to Cicode
Chapter Overview
 Commands, Expressions and Functions
 Use Commands to Control Processes
 Display Data from Expressions
What is Cicode?
 A programming language!
 A means of extending the functionality of Vijeo Citect
projects
 Interact with variable tags
 Exchange data with external sources
 Create complex formulae

 Why do we need it?

 When we are unable to achieve the required outcome by
configuring graphics pages

 For the programmers in the audience:

 It’s like any high-level language, but without complex
structures, pointers, recursion or inheritance
Cicode Project
 Pre-configured project: Cicode_Milk
Pasteurisation Page
Chapters Page
Restore Milk Project
 Restore Milk project  Run Milk project
from the folder supplied
 Test Pasteurisation page
by your facilitator
 View Chapters page
 Compile the project and
then run the Computer
Setup Wizard (express)
Commands

 Cicode Commands can be issued:

 Manually
 Operator types in commands
 Clicking on a button or object on a graphics page

 Automatically
 Operator logs in or out of the runtime system
 A graphics page is opened or closed
 An alarm is triggered
 In a report
 When an event is triggered
Cicode Commands
 Single statement or group of
statements
Open Chapters Page

 Create buttons to turn Silo Agitator off and on

 Create 2 buttons in the
Chapters Page

 Compile and Test by

switching to the Chapters
Page to view results
 Setting Variables
 Execute Command
Plant1_Pump=1 ;
 Digital Tag
 Change status of Tag
Plant1_Pump=0 ;

 Analog Tag Oven_Temp=10 ;

 Set value of Tag Oven_Temp=Kettle_Temp;
 Variable1=value
 Variable1=Variable2
String Variables
Expressions

 Any combination of variables, operators, and statements

which evaluate to some result

 8 + 4
 Motor_Speed / 5

 Calculations in a Cicode statement

 Result = Operand1 + Operand2 – Operand3
Displaying Data
 Displayed Value changes as value of
expression changes
Value
changes

Expression
changes
Multiple Statements


Multiple statements can be separated by a semi-colon ;

Kettle_Temp=10 ;
Oven_Temp=Kettle_Temp ;
Batch_Name=“Bread” ;
 Multiple statements
 Add a prompt
TIC_P4_PV = TIC_P1_PV + TIC_P2_PV ;
Prompt("Calculation is Finished")
 Operator Input
 Define keyboard Command as a Key sequence

F2 signals start of
Key Sequence

Key Sequence
ending in ENTER
Allows up to 3
characters to be
entered
 Arguments
 Arg1 provides input to variables by Keyboard entry
 Conveyor_Speed=Arg1
Variable Argument #1

 Conveyor_Speed=ArgValue1
Argument #1
Checks for Numeric value

 DoThisThenDoThat(Arg1,Arg2)

Argument #1 Argument #2

<F2> 123 , 345 <enter>

 Enter Keyboard Key
Definition
 Change Misc1
properties
Calling Functions
 Definition
 Function A general term used for a subroutine
 Parentheses identifies statement as function
 FunctionName(Arg1,Arg2 …)

Arguments passed
Name of the Function
to the function

 Prompt(“Shutdown”)
 Shutdown()
 Calling functions
Function Information
 Look up in online
help
 Prompt
 Shutdown
 PageDisplay
Passing Data to Functions
 Functions can support 0,1 or many arguments
 Prompt(“Press F1 for Help”)

Arguments passed
Place double to
quotes around any string passed
the function
to a function
 JunkFunction(“1st Argument”,“2nd Argument”)
 Add Key sequence to project
 RBUTTON_UP executes command anywhere on page

Not RBUTTON_CMD_UP

Search capability
  Invoke external programs
from within Vijeo Citect 1. Find Excel in
Windows Explorer
rag
D
&
l ick a
C to nd
2. a
ommdow
C in
W

3. Copy & Paste to Vijeo Citect

Multiple Arguments
 All arguments must be listed
 Separate arguments with a comma ,
 Argument order is important
 Strings are “quoted”
 Login(“Manager”, “ABC”)

Login ID Password
Passing Numeric Arguments

 Both Integers and Floating Point numbers

can be passed to a function

INT

REAL
 AssWin("!Valve",580,150,512+8+1,“Valve_Cool_CMD")

Name of Popup Location on Mode of

window screen Popup Tag
window
Passing Variable Arguments

 When variables are used as arguments

 Value of variable is passed, not variable string itself
 DspStr - Displays a string at a specified AN
 DspStr(25,”TextFont”, COAL_LEVEL);

Animation Display Value of

Point using this COAL_LEVEL variable
number font will Display

 DspStr(25,”TextFont”, “COAL_LEVEL”);

COAL_LEVEL string will

Display – as its “quoted”
 DspStr(326, "ControlLimits", Recipe)

AN 326
Returning Data

 Functions can return a value to the calling

statement
 Success 0
 Failure error number
Result of
or ‘FullName’
used as a
 Data parameter to
 As in: ‘Prompt’

date()
Prompt(“Hello,” + FullName() )
%Tag%=FormNumPad("Enter",%Tag%,0)
Pass Value from Title given Value Mode –
num-pad into Tag to number passed if standard in
variable pad cancelled this case
Execute Function on Startup
Message(“Startup”,“Hello
Select World”,64)
Custom
Mode

Modify
Summary of Variables
 Digital (a.k.a. Boolean or Logical)
 Digital_Variable = 0
 Digital_Variable = 1
 Digital_Variable1 = Digital_Variable2

 Integer (-32768 - +32767)

 Integer_Variable = 34
 Integer_Variable = -1274
 Integer_Variable1 = Integer_Variable2 + 3

 Strings (Up to 255 characters)

 String_Variable = “apple”
 String_Variable = “string variable”
 String_Variable1 = String_variable2 + “more text”

 Datatypes MUST match during assignments

Data Types
 Fred
 Variable
 PLC variable
 Cicode variable
 “Fred”
 String
 Fred()
 Function
 [Fred]
 Path substitution
 Array index
 {Fred}
 Field definition
 Compile error context
Chapter 2 - Summary Questions
 What are the two mechanisms to activate a
command?

 What is a Cicode expression?

 What character is used to combine several tasks?

 What is the syntax to call a function?

 What is the result of enclosing a tag in double-

quotes?

 How do you set a system start-up function?

Introduction to Cicode
Chapter Summary
 Setting variables
 Using expressions
 Operator input
 Passing data to functions
 Returning data from functions
Variable Operators
Chapter 3
Variable Operators
Chapter Overview
 Classes of Operators in Cicode
 Order of Precedence
Classes of Operators
 Mathematical
Operator Description
+ Addition (for numeric value)

+ Concatenation (for string variables)

- Subtraction

* Multiplication

/ Division
MOD Modulus (Remainder)
IntToStr() function
 Used where function only accepts strings
 Use a function like IntToStr()

Prompt(“ Value ” + IntToStr(Tag_1))

 MOD Operator
 TIC_P2_PV = TIC_P4_PV MOD 10

 Concatenation
 Message(”P2" , ”TIC_P2_PV = " +
IntToStr(TIC_P2_PV) , 64)
Logical Operators
Operator Description Operator

AND Logical AND Binary

OR Logical OR Binary

NOT Logical NOT Unary

XOR Logical XOR Binary

 Operator ‘True’ returns 1

 Operator ‘False’ returns 0
Truth Tables

AND 0 1 OR 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 1

1 0 1 1 1 1
Truth Tables

XOR 0 1 NOT 0 1
1 0
0 0 1

1 1 0
 Agitator_Silo_V =
Agitator_Alfast_V AND
Centrifuge_Clar_V

 Agitator_Silo_V
will be turned on ONLY
when both
Agitator_Alfast_V
and
Centrifuge_Clar_V
are turned on.
 Create multi-state text object
Bit Operators
 Standard bit operators
Operator Description

BITAND Bitwise AND

BITOR Bitwise OR

BITXOR Bitwise XOR

11011
AND 1101
= 01001
Relational Operators
 Tests the relationship between two values

Operator Description
= is equal to
<> is not equal to
< is less than
> is greater than
<= is less than or equal to
>= is greater than or equal to
 Create advanced alarm
Format Operator

 Convert numeric values into formatted strings

Tag1 : ###.#

 Display tag1 as three digits before and one digit after the decimal point

Operator Description

: (colon) String Format

Format Operators
Specifier Description Function Use Example
# The hash The number of #### + 23
character characters to
display to the +472213
right of the AN
0 Zero Padding #0## +0023
- Minus Justification #-### +23
. Period Decimal notation ###.## + 23.54
EU Engineering #.##EU
units
S Exponential #s### +1.234e+012
notation
 Format Operator
TAG Format

Message(“P3" , TIC_P3_PV:###.##,64)
Operator order of Precedence
Order Operator

1 ()
2 NOT
3 * , / , MOD
4 :
5 +,-
6 < , > , <= , >=
7 = , <>
8 AND
9 OR
10 BITAND, BITOR, BITXOR
Precedence Examples

 Tag_1 OR Tag_2 AND NOT Tag_3

1. NOT Tag_3
2. AND Tag_2
3. OR Tag_1

 (Tag_1 OR (Tag_2 AND (NOT Tag_3)))

 Test Order of Precedence
Centrifuge_Clar_V = NOT Agitator_Silo_V AND Agitator_Alfast_V
Chapter 3 - Summary Questions
 Name two of the classes of operators used in
Cicode.

 How do you test the relationship between two

values?

 How do you convert numeric values into formatted

strings?

 Why are brackets used in formulas?

Variable Operators
Chapter Summary
 Mathematical operators
 Logical operators
 Relational operators
 Order of precedence
The Cicode Editor
Chapter 4
The Cicode Editor
Chapter Overview
 Starting the Cicode Editor
 Compile, Run and Debug Your Code
 File Navigation Features
 Code Editing Tools
 Dockable Windows and Toolbars
 Changing Preferences
Starting the Cicode Editor
 Click on Cicode Editor icon
 Select New Cicode page
Context Sensitive Help

M
Cursor
anywhere
on ‘Logout’
term
Hit <F1>
Key
 Open the Cicode Editor
 Save as Training
Compile & Run
 GoTo button provided
 Provides line number where error occurred

Error
shown

GoTo
error

 Compile & Run

 Compile only
GoTo Errors
 Compiler points to error
 Click GoTo Button

Error Condition
FUNCTION
ChangeValue()
TagValue1=10
END

FUNCTION
ChangeValue()
TagValue1=10
END
ERROR
New Editor Features
 Colour Coding
 Auto Indenting
 Comment / Uncomment feature
Enhanced File Navigation
 Tabs give 3 different views
 View open Files
Changing Toolbars
 Click and drag to reposition toolbars
 Right Click toolbar area background
 Adds New toolbars
Indent and Comment
Indent Comment
Select text

Click
comment
icon

Outdent Uncomment
Comments
Comment your code constantly
Preface every Cicode file with




/*
DESCRIPTION: Function to do this and that
More description here
*/

// REV DATE AUTHOR DESCRIP

// 1.0 02/12/04 B.Bob Original
// 2.0 01/04/05 I.Rabbitt Add BlowUpIkea() function
//
// NOTES: All functions will be written in Cicode
// project given in the courses

FUNCTION
DoThisAndThat() ! Function starts here

Int iCounter // Local loop counter

 C-style ‘block comments’ (dangerous! What about overlap?)

 C++ style comments
 Line comments
Bookmarks & Breakpoints
Left Click - Breakpoint

Right Click - Bookmark

Toggle Bookmark
Next

Clear Previous
nAN = ANbyName(“WebBrowser”) ;
DspSetTip(nAN, “My Web Browser”) ;
Experiment with
bookmarks comments and
indents
Use Comments Liberally
List Functions
 Context sensitive function list
 <ctrl> <space>

Right Click
in text
Select List
Functions
Intellisense Autoprompt

 Typing function and opening bracket displays

Autoprompt
 Function list displays Autoprompt
REAL
FUNCTION
AreaOfCircle(REAL rRadius)
RETURN (3.141 * Pow(rRadius,2)) ;
END
_______________________________________
Function
Test()
AreaOfCircle(20)
END
Preferences
 Customising Cicode Editor

View | Preferences
To change options
 Cicode Preferences
Chapter 4 - Summary Questions
 How can you view files easily?

 Why use bookmarks and breakpoints?

 How can you change the look of the code window?

The Cicode Editor
Chapter Summary
 Starting the editor
 Goto errors
 File navigation
 Editing tools
 Function tools
 Preferences
Cicode Functions
Chapter 5
Cicode Functions
Chapter Overview
 Simple Functions
 Structure of a Function
 Public & Private Functions
 Declaring & Naming Functions
 Statements
 Void Functions
 Cicode Variables
 Include Files
Simple Functions
Scope of Function Public or
PUBLIC Private
FUNCTION Start of Function
IncCounter() Name of Function
IF Count < 100 THEN Start of Code
COUNT=COUNT + 1;
ELSE
COUNTER = 0 ;
END End of IF statement
END End of Code
Function Syntax – Pseudocode

HELLO
StandUp()
IF told THEN
Stand Up ;
ELSE
Remain Seated;
Finished
GOODBYE
Function Elements

 Scope
 Declaration
 Name
 Statement
Scope
 PUBLIC  PRIVATE
 Default  Only works within Cicode
 Shared across Project file where written
Declaring Functions

 Indicates beginning and end of function code

Scope
FUNCTION
FunctionName()
Statement ;
END
Naming Functions
 Up to 32 characters
 Do not use reserved words
 Case insensitive
 Use CamelCase
 UpperCamelCase
 lowerCamelCase

Scope
FUNCTION
FunctionName()
Statement ;
END
Statements
 Perform the “work” in the function

PUBLIC
FUNCTION
StatementExample()
 IF MASH_PUMP THEN
 PROMPT(“Mash Pump On”);
 ELSE
Statements
 PROMPT(“Mash Pump Off”);
 END
END
Void Functions
 Do not return any data to the calling function

PUBLIC
FUNCTION
VoidExample()
 IF MASH_PUMP THEN
 PROMPT(“Mash Pump On”);
 ELSE
 PROMPT(“Mash Pump Off”);
 END
END
PUBLIC HTA.H OR HTA.HH
FUNCTION
MyDateTime()
MISC1=Date(3);
MISC2=Time(1);
END

PUBLIC
FUNCTION
AudAlarm()
DspPlaySound(“[RUN]:Tada.wav”,0);
Message(“Alarm”,”Holding Tube too Hot”,48);
END
FUNCTION
AverageEx1()
TIC_P2_PV = (TIC_P1_PV + TIC_P4_PV) / 2
END
Cicode Variables
 Located in Computer memory
 Temporary data storage
 Data Types
 Strings - STRING
 Integers - INT
 Real Numbers - REAL

PLC Registers Computer Memory

SILO_LEVEL value iAverage

OVEN_TEMP value rArea

STRING_TAG value sMyName

Declaring Cicode Variables
 Like Variable Tags – a Data Type must be
specified for Cicode Variables

 Global, Module, Local

Cicode Variable Syntax
 Syntax:

SCOPE DATATYPE NAME = INITIALVALUE

Global STRING Variable Initialize

Module INT Name Variable
Local REAL

GLOBAL STRING sMyString = “” ! Null Value

Global Cicode Variables
 Valid across all Cicode files and all include projects
 Maintenance more difficult
 Local variables preferred

GLOBAL STRING gsDefaultPage = “MIMIC” ;

INT
FUNCTION
GlobalExample(String sPage)

INT iStatus ;
iStatus = PageDisplay(sPage) ;
IF iStatus <> 0 THEN
PageDisplay(gsDefaultPage) ;
END
RETURN iStatus ;
END
Module Cicode Variables
 Specific to the file where it is declared
 Default for Cicode variables
 Declare before functions use it
 Multiplies maintenance issues
Local Cicode Variables
 Specific to function where declared
 Any variable defined within a function
is local by default (no prefix required)
 Only valid while function executes
 Local variables take precedence if
name conflict occurs
Local Cicode Variables

PUBLIC
INT
FUNCTION
LocalExample()
INT iAverage ;
iAverage=(TAG1 + TAG2) /2;
RETURN iAverage
END
Variable Naming Standards
Hungarian Notation

 Initial (lowercase) letter describes variable usage

 Coined by Charles Simonyi of Microsoft
 Applications Hungarian vs. System Hungarian

System Hungarian Notation Apps Hungarian Notation

Prefix Interpretation Prefix Interpretation
i, n Integer p Pump (on/off)
r Real t Temperature
s String x Horizontal coord
o Object (activeX) y Vertical coord
h Handle (int) c Control variable
 FUNCTION
AudAlarm2(STRING sFile, STRING sTitle, STRING
sMessage)
DspPlaySound(sFile,0);
Message(sTitle,sMessage,48);
END

Button

AudAlarm2("C:\WINDOWS\Media\chimes.wav", “Oven
Temp", “Holding Tube Too Cold")
Converting Cicode Variables

 Convert Data Types for further processing

Input() StrToInt() Calculations

+-*/

IntToStr()
RealToStr()
StrToInt()
StrToReal()
 Use RealToStr function
 Need to convert number to string for use by message()
function
 RealToStr(Number, Width, Places)
 Number: The floating-point number to convert
 Width: The width of the entire string
 Places: Number of decimal places in the string

Message(“Holding Tube”,RealToStr(TIC_HOLD_PV,6,3),64)

Eg the specification 6,3 can store

12.345
 Enter a value into a Tag


FUNCTION
OperatorInput()
STRING sTag
//sTag is a string
sTag=Input("ENTER","Enter a value","");
// Displays dialog box, operator can input a
// single value (Title, Prompt, Default)
LIC_Silo_PV=StrToInt(sTag);
// Convert sTag value to string and place in
// LIC_Silo_PV variable
END
 Display Time


Cent_RT is the accumulator


TimeToStr(Time, Format, UTC)

TimeToStr(Cent_RT,5)
Include Files
 Command field limited to 128
Characters
 Include Files accommodate a single
complex statement sequence
 Any valid DOS filename
 Convention: Filename.cii
 Referenced by:
@<filename>
DO Include <>
 Create an Include file
 Use Notepad
 <Alarms.cii>

AudAlarm2(C:\WINDOWS\Media\chimes.wav,
“Holding Tube”, “Holding Tube Too Cold”)
Chapter 5 - Summary Questions
 How many built-in functions are supplied with Vijeo Citect?

 What are the four basic elements of Functions?

 How and why use the Private function attribute?

 What is ‘declaring a function?’

 How many characters can be used in a function name?

 What is ‘the statement?’

 What are Void functions?

 What is a Cicode variable?

 What is an include file?

Cicode Functions
Chapter Summary
 Elements of a function
 Void functions
 Cicode variables
 Converting and formatting variables
 Include files
Conditional Executors
Chapter 6
Conditional Executors
Chapter Overview
 Four conditional executors
 IF
 FOR
 WHILE
 SELECT CASE
IF Statement

 Execute code based on result of a test

IF .. THEN or IF .. THEN .. ELSE

IF test expression THEN

True Statements ;
END

- Or -

IF test expression THEN

True Statements ;
ELSE
False Statements ;
END
 Use IF .. THEN .. ELSE statement

FUNCTION
IF_Example1()
IF Centrifuge_Clar_V = 1 THEN
Message(“Clarifier Status”, “Running”,64)
ELSE
Message(“Clarifier Status”,”Stopped”,64)
END
END
 Use IF THEN ELSE using Cicode variables
FUNCTION
// set data types for variables in this function
IF_Example2(INT iTag1, STRING sTitle, STRING sOnMessage, STRING
sOffMessage)
// If Tag1 is on then display ‘On’ popup
IF iTag1 = 1 THEN
Message(sTitle , sOnMessage ,64)
ELSE
// Tag is 0 – display ‘Off’ Popup
Message(sTitle , sOffMessage ,64)
// End of IF statement
END
// End of Function
END
FOR Loop

 Execute statements a number of times

Variable used Start Count End Count
as counter Value Value

FOR variable = expression1 TO expression2 DO

Statements ;
END

Exp1
+
+
++ Count Statements
+
+
Exp2
Sleep & SleepMS

// Sleep for 1 second

Sleep(1)

// Sleep for 500 milliseconds

SleepMS(500)
FOR Loop

 Execute statements a number of times

FUNCTION
IncrementLevel()
// Counter is an Integer
INT Counter ;
// Set Counter to count 10 levels
FOR Counter = 0 TO 9 DO
// Add 1 to counter
TagX = tagX + 1;
Sleep(2);
// End of FOR loop
END
END
FUNCTION
FOR_ExampleX()
INT Counter;
INT iSP;
INT iPV;
iSP = LIC_Balance_SP;
iPV = LIC_Balance_PV;

Use sleep(1) to delay the loop

 Increase LIC_Balance_PV

FUNCTION
FOR_Example1()
INT Counter;
INT iSP;
INT iPV;
iSP = LIC_Balance_SP;
iPV = LIC_Balance_PV;

FOR Counter = iPV TO iSP - 1 DO

LIC_Balance_PV = LIC_Balance_PV + 1;
SleepMS(300);
END
END
 Decrease LIC_Balance_PV

FUNCTION
FOR_Example2()
INT Counter;
INT iSP;
INT iPV;
iSP = LIC_Balance_SP;
iPV = LIC_Balance_PV;

FOR Counter = iSP TO iPV - 1 DO

LIC_Balance_PV = LIC_Balance_PV - 1;
SleepMS(300);
END
END
FUNCTION
FOR_Example3()
INT Counter;
INT iSP;
INT iPV;
iSP = LIC_Balance_SP;
iPV = LIC_Balance_PV;

IF LIC_Balance_PV > LIC_Balance_SP THEN

FOR Counter = iSP TO iPV - 1 DO
LIC_Balance_PV = LIC_Balance_PV - 1;
SleepMS(300);
END
ELSE
FOR Counter = iPV TO iSP-1 DO
LIC_Balance_PV = LIC_Balance_PV + 1;
SleepMS(300);
END
END
END
WHILE Loop

 Execute statements while condition is true

WHILE Expression DO
Statements ;
END

WHILE Trigger DO
Count = Count + 1 ;
Sleep(1) ;
END
 Decrement LIC_Balance_PV while Pump_Feed_CMD is true

Set LIC_Balance_PV to 100 when Pump_Feed_CMD is false


FUNCTION
WHILE_Example1()
WHILE Pump_Feed_CMD = 1 AND LIC_Balance_PV > 20 DO
LIC_Balance_PV = LIC_Balance_PV -1;
SleepMS(500);
END
LIC_Balance_PV = 100
Pump_Feed_CMD = 0 !optional
END
Select Case Statement
Executes one of a choice of statements


SELECT CASE Expression

CASE CaseExpression1,CaseExpression2
Statements ;
CASE CaseExpression3 TO CaseExpression4
Statements ;
CASE IS > CaseExpression5 , IS < CaseExpression6
Statements ;
CASE ELSE
Statements ; ! nothing satisfied
END SELECT
Case Expressions
Case Keyword Description Example
(none) Expression 6
iTestValue
“Monday”
, Multiple discrete matches 3, 5, 8
iTestValue, iTestValue1
“apples”, “oranges”
TO Specifies inclusive range of 3 TO iTestValue
values. Smaller value placed “apples” TO “oranges”
before TO keyword. “Friday” TO “friday”
IS Use with <,>,<=,>=,=,<> IS <=14
IS > iTestValue
IS < “cherries”
ELSE ‘Catcher’ for when no other Case
clause matches
FUNCTION
WhatDayIsIt()

SELECT CASE Delivery_Day

CASE 0
MISC2 = "SUNDAY";
CASE 1
MISC2 = "MONDAY";
CASE 2
MISC2 = "TUESDAY";
CASE 3
MISC2 = "WEDNESDAY";
CASE 4
MISC2 = "THURSDAY";
CASE 5
MISC2 = "FRIDAY";
CASE 6
MISC2 = "SATURDAY";
CASE ELSE
Message(" Invalid ",“Not a valid number",64);
END SELECT
END
Chapter 6 - Summary Questions
 What are the two formats of the IF statement?

 Why is the FOR loop used?

 Why is the WHILE loop used?

 Which statement is used to execute one of several

groups of statements, depending on the result of an
expression?’
Conditional Executors
Chapter Summary
 IF statement
 FOR loop
 WHILE loop
 SELECT CASE statement
More Cicode Functions
Chapter 7
More Cicode Functions
Chapter Overview
 Return Functions
 Cicode Arrays
 Comments
Return Functions

 Return functions return data to calling function

HowAreYou()
RETURN(“I am fine”)
Return Functions
 Must declare the returning Data type
Function Called

Evaluate
Statements & store
in memory

Result returned
& Stored in Tag
or Variable
Functions Returning Values
 Return Values  Return Values
Data
Type
PUBLIC PUBLIC
returned
INT STRING
FUNCTION FUNCTION
ReturnExample() CurrentRecipe()
Blah;
Blah;
Return(3);
Return(“Full Cream
END Milk”);
END
 Create Function
FUNCTION
AverageEx1()
TIC_P2_PV = (TIC_P1_PV + TIC_P4_PV) /2
END
 Return Function
INT ! return data type is Integer
FUNCTION
AverageEx2()
RETURN (TIC_P1_PV + TIC_P4_PV) /2 ! return
expression
END
 Create Function – AverageEx3()

INT
FUNCTION
AverageEx3(INT iTagX, INT iTagY)
RETURN (iTagX + iTagY)/2
END
 Change OperatorInput() to a Return function
INT
FUNCTION
EnterTagValue()
STRING sTag
sTag=Input("ENTER","Enter a value","");
RETURN StrToInt(sTag);
END
Bugs – Part 1
// Return the area of a circle into Pizza_Area given the
// radius in Pizza_Size
// Note the use of local variables and database variables

FUNCTION
AreaofPizza()

rArea = pi()* POW(Pizza_Size,2);

Pizza_Area = rArea;

END
Bugs – Part 1, Answers
// Return the area of a circle into Pizza_Area given the
// radius in Pizza_Size
// Note the use of local variables and database variables

FUNCTION
AreaofPizza()
real rArea;
rArea = pi()* POW(Pizza_Size,2);
Pizza_Area = rArea;

END

What about Pizza_Area & Pizza_Size?

Probably a Variable tag or a global variable, judging by the usage
Bugs – Part 2
// This function will convert the diameter of the variable
// tag from inches to centimetres
// This is a RETURN function.

FUNCTION
InchToCent(REAL a)

REAL rCent
rCent=a*2.54

END
Bugs – Part 2, Answers
// This function will convert the diameter of the variable
// tag from inches to centimetres
// This is a RETURN function.

REAL
FUNCTION
InchToCent(REAL a)

REAL rCent;
rCent=a*2.54;
RETURN(rCENT)

END
Bugs – Part 3
// Show the value of Pizza_Area on the prompt line.

FUNCTION
PromptPizza(REAL rRealValue)

Prompt("The area of the Pizza is " + rRealValue);

Sleep(3);
Prompt("");

END
Bugs – Part 3, Answers
// Show the value of Pizza_Area on the prompt line.

FUNCTION
PromptPizza(REAL rRealValue)

Prompt("The area of the Pizza is " +

RealToStr(rRealValue,6,3));
Sleep(3);
Prompt("");

END

Alternate: ...Pizza is " + rRealValue:##.###)

Arrays
 Arrays hold equally-sized data elements, of the same data type. Individual
elements are accessed by index using a consecutive range of integers

A B C D
 INT Apartment[4]
 Unit A … Apartment[0]
 Unit B … Apartment[1]
 Unit C … Apartment[2] Index[0]
 Unit D … Apartment[3] Index[1]
Index[2]
Index[3]
Arrays

INT MyArray[10]
INT Count ;
For Count = 0 to 9 do
MyArray[Count]=Count+1 ;
END
Initialising an Array
STRING Array[5]=“This”,”is”,”a”,”string”,”array”;

 Array is satisfied as:

Array[0]=“This”
Array[1]=“is”
Array[2]=“a”
Array[3]=“string”
Array[4]=“array”
Array Dimensions

 Arrays can have more than one dimension

INT MyArray[Dim1Size][Dim2Size][Dim3Size] = Values ;

STRING StrArray[5] ; ! List

REAL Result[5][2] ; ! 2-D Table
INT IntArray[4][3][2] ; ! 3-D Table
Using Arrays

 Arrays are declared as Module or Global

(cannot be declared locally)
 Placed at the beginning of a Cicode file
 Do not exceed the bounds of the array
 You cannot pass an entire array into a
Cicode function
 Assign text description to numeric Tag

STRING sRecipeArray[5] = “Full Cream", “Lite", “Sport", “Skim", “High protein";

STRING FUNCTION
RecipeSelection()

END
STRING sRecipeArray[5] = “Full Cream", “Lite", “Sport", “Skim", “High
protein";

STRING
FUNCTION
RecipeSelection()
STRING sRecipe;
INT iRecipe;

sRecipe = Input("Recipe Number","Enter a number between 0 and

4","");
iRecipe = StrToInt(sRecipe);

SELECT CASE iRecipe

CASE 0 TO 4
RETURN sRecipeArray[iRecipe];
CASE ELSE
Message("Error","Not a valid number",64);
END SELECT
END
Comments

Comment ,Comment and Comment again



! Single Line Comment

Function()
/*
Multiple Line comments
Can extend over several lines
End comment block with a delimiter
- Cannot be started on the same line as a statement
*/
Function2()
// Another style of comment
// Begin each line with forward slashes
Chapter 7 - Summary Questions
 What does a return function do?

 What is an Array?

 Why should comments be included in all Cicode

files?
More Cicode Functions
Chapter Summary
 Return functions
 Debugging code
 Arrays
 Comments
Cicode Debugger
Chapter 8
Cicode Debugger
Chapter Overview
 Starting the Debugger
 Debug Options
 Debug your Code
Citect Kernel

 Covered in Intermediate Course

 Core of the Vijeo Citect system
 Low-level diagnostic and debugging
 Use with extreme care
 Secure access – over-rides all other security
measures
 Command Line interface
Cicode Editor in Debug Mode

 Open Debug Toolbar

 Right-Click on blank area of
toolbar
 Open and test Pizza page

Toggle Breakpoints
 Find Errors
 From
DevFind(hDev,sPizzaNumber,”NUMBER”) ;
 To
DevFind(hDev,sPizzaNumber,”NUM”) ;
 Advanced Stepping
Chapter 8 - Summary Questions
 Explain debug mode.

 There are three tools to control stepping through

functions. What are they?
Cicode Debugger
Chapter Summary
 Cicode editor environment
 Advanced stepping
Did we Achieve the Objectives?

 Good Understanding & Competent in Use of

Cicode
 Be Able to Use Cicode in Commands and
Expressions
 Apply Learning to Your Own Site or Project
 Be Able to Write Your Own Cicode Functions
 Know How to Debug Your Own Cicode
Functions
SCADA Training Roadmap

Customisation Networking &

& Design Architecture
Technical Skill Requirement

Upgrade &
New Features

Cicode Vijeo Citect

Programming Configuration
End of Course
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