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Accounting

Rajveer Rawlin
Senior Lecturer, Finance,
MBA (VTU)
Dayananda Sagar Institute
Ratio Analysis
 Why look at ratio analysis?
 How can we make sense out of
ratios?
 What are the groups of ratios?

 What are the limitations of ratio


analysis?
 How can we use this to evaluate
profitability, risk, and growth?
3
Why Look at Ratios?
 compare a company’s performance
with itself overtime or a company
versus competitors within its industry
 a basis for evaluating suppliers and
customers
 Useful in historical analysis as well as
projecting performance
End Users of Ratios
 Lenders – judge a company’s ability
to repay loans
 Managers – look at gross margins to
keep costs under control
 Investors can compare their
company against the competition
and the rest of the industry
Making Sense out of Ratios
 Trend Analysis
 How a company does over time

 Peer Group Analysis


 The company vs other competitors

 Industry Comparison
 Company vs the Industry
Categories of Ratios
 Liquidity
 Look at the ability of a company to meet
its short term obligations
 How cash rich a company is will determine
its liquidity
 Can required payments be met?

2 Ratios
 Current Ratio
 Quick Ratio
Categories of Ratios
 Asset Management
 How effective is the firm in managing it’s
assets?
 How effective is the firm in using its assets
to generate sales?
3 Ratios
 Total Asset Turnover
 Fixed Asset Turnover
 Inventory Turnover
Categories of Ratios
 Debt Management Ratios
 How is the company financed?
 What is the mix of debt and equity?
 Does it generate enough cash flow to
cover interest payments?
3 Ratios
 Debt Ratio
 Tie Ratio
 Debt to Equity Ratio
Categories of Ratios
 Profitability

 How profitable is the company?


 Is the company generating the right
returns on the assets deployed and
capital invested?
 Are sales high enough to maintain
profitability?
Categories of Ratios
2 Ratios focusing on profit margins
 Gross Profit Margin
 Net Profit Margin

2 Ratios focusing on returns


 Return on Assets
 Return on Equity
Categories of Ratios
 Market Value Ratios
 How is the company’s value reflected in
the stock market?
 Is the company under or over-valued vis a
vis it’s peers
2 Ratios
 Price / Earnings

 Price / Book Value

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