Cost-Effective FACTS Applications in

Transmission Networks
Göran Andersson
EEH - Power Systems Laboratory, ETH Zürich

CEPEL Road Map Workshop, Florianópolis – SC, Brazil May 20, 2006
 Outline

ƒ Introduction
ƒ Power Flow Control
ƒ Damping Control
ƒ Economic Valuation

CEPEL Road Map Workshop, Florianópolis – SC, Brazil 20 May 2006 2

 Why FACTS?
ƒ Controllability and Flexibility have become more
important
ƒ Unbundling has deprived the TSO of many
means for system control, e.g. generator control

ƒ FACTS devices offer a means of transmission

based control directly available to the TSO

CEPEL Road Map Workshop, Florianópolis – SC, Brazil 20 May 2006 3

 FACTS Devices

ƒ Shunt elements: SVC, Statcom, ..

- Voltage and power quality control, damping
control
ƒ Series elements: TCSC, SSSC, UPFC, PAR,
IPFC, …
- Line flow control, damping control

CEPEL Road Map Workshop, Florianópolis – SC, Brazil 20 May 2006 4

 Purpose of FACTS Control

ƒ Increase static loading of the system (Overload

alleviation)
ƒ Decrease system losses
ƒ Increase damping of critical electro-mechanical
modes
ƒ Provide reactive reserves

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 Power Flow Control

ƒ Achieve maximum transfer through a corridor without

violating the security
z1 = 0 max
max z1 = z1 G Pg1 Sd3 Sd4
z2 = z2 max
z2 = z2
0.30

2 6
0.25
w4 [p.u.]

4
0.20

1 3
7
w3+w4=w0
0.15

max
z1 = 0 z1 = z1
z2 = 0 5
0.10

z2 = 0
G
0.05

Sd2 Sd5
Pg2
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
w3 [p.u.] Source: R. Sadikovic, ETH Zürich

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 Power Flow Control, 2
Load flow feasibility boundaries

z1 = 0 z1 = 0 z1 = 0
max max max max
max max z2 = z2 z1 = z1
z2 = z2 z2 = z2 z1 = z1

0.45
0.45
z1 = z1 max max
max z2 = z2 z2 = z2
z2 = z2
0.30

0.30 0.35 0.40

0.30 0.35 0.40

w3+w4=w0+0.25
0.25

w4 [p.u.]
0.20
w4 [p.u.]

w4 [p.u.]
0.15 0.20 0.25

0.15 0.20 0.25

w3+w4=w0+0.15 w3+w4=w0+0.35
0.15

max
z1 = z1 z1 = 0 max z1 = 0 max
z1 = 0 z1 = z1 z1 = z1
z2 = 0 z2 = 0 z2 = 0
z2 = 0
0.10

z2 = 0 z2 = 0
0.05 0.10

0.05 0.10
0.05

0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35
w3 [p.u.] w3 [p.u.] w3 [p.u.]

Scenario I Scenario II Scenario III

Source: R. Sadikovic, ETH Zürich
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 Control based on Optimal Power Flow, 1
ƒ Objective Function
ƒ 1: minimize active power losses
ƒ 2: minimize voltage deviations from reference value and keep
them within acceptable values
ƒ 3: keep line loadings below 90% / 100
ƒ a, b, c, d, e: control parameters

   
( )
f ( x) = ∑  a ⋅ Pi loss + b ⋅ ε i + c ⋅ηi  + ∑  d ⋅ V j − V jref + e ⋅ν j 
2

i 
123 14243  j  144424443 
 1 3   2 
Source: G. Glanzmann, ETH Zürich
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 Control based on Optimal Power Flow, 2

ƒ Influence of FACTS

limited to a certain area

ƒ Reduced problem size

ƒ Applicable to large grids

Source: G. Glanzmann, ETH Zürich

CEPEL Road Map Workshop, Florianópolis – SC, Brazil 20 May 2006 9

 Control based on Optimal Power Flow, 3

ƒ TCSC in line 8 of IEEE 57 Bus grid

- Line 22 overloaded and lines 24 and 72 loaded to more than
90% in base case
- Vref = 1.01 pu

Case KS lim XTCSC f(x) #Buses #Lines

1 - 0 36.225 57 80
2 0.0 -0.00949 24.863 57 80
3 0.1 -0.00954 24.908 20 25
4 0.2 -0.00943 24.905 12 15
5 0.5 -0.00942 24.917 9 10

Source: G. Glanzmann, ETH Zürich

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 Damping Control By FACTS, 1

Self-tuning Controller for Damping of Power

System Oscillations with FACTS Devices

Source: R. Sadikovic, ETH Zürich

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 Damping Control By FACTS, 2

Source: R. Sadikovic, ETH Zürich

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 Damping Control By FACTS, 3

Source: R. Sadikovic, ETH Zürich

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 Valuation of Controllable Devices, 1

Nodal or Zone Pricing System

Source: Ch. Schaffner, ETH Zürich

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 Valuation of Controllable Devices, 2

Source: Ch. Schaffner, ETH Zürich

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 Valuation of Controllable Devices, 3

Source: Ch. Schaffner, ETH Zürich

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 Valuation of Controllable Devices, 4
Nodal Prices

Without TCSC With TCSC

Source: Ch. Schaffner, ETH Zürich

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 Valuation of Controllable Devices, 5

Source: Ch. Schaffner, ETH Zürich

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 Valuation of Controllable Devices, 6

Source: Ch. Schaffner, ETH Zürich

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 Summary

FACTS devices can be used for

ƒ Power Flow Control
ƒ Damping Control

There are methods to determine the economic

value of FACTS devices in a power system

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 Thank you for your attention!

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