Thetnaunghtut SQL

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
Table of Contents
SQL INTRO ............................................................................................................................................. 8
SQL Syntax ............................................................................................................................................ 9
SQL SELECT Statement ................................................................................................................... 10
SQL SELECT DISTINCT Statement ...................................................................................................... 10
SQL WHERE Clause ............................................................................................................................. 11
SQL AND & OR Operators .................................................................................................................. 12
SQL ORDER BY Keyword .................................................................................................................... 14
SQL INSERT INTO Statement .............................................................................................................. 15
SQL UPDATE Statement ...................................................................................................................... 16
SQL DELETE Statement ....................................................................................................................... 17
SQL TOP Clause .................................................................................................................................. 18
SQL LIKE Operator............................................................................................................................... 19
SQL Wildcards ...................................................................................................................................... 21
SQL IN Operator .................................................................................................................................. 22
SQL BETWEEN Operator ..................................................................................................................... 22
SQL Alias.............................................................................................................................................. 24
SQL Joins ............................................................................................................................................. 24
SQL INNER JOIN Keyword .................................................................................................................. 25
SQL LEFT JOIN Keyword .................................................................................................................... 26
SQL RIGHT JOIN Keyword .................................................................................................................. 27
SQL FULL JOIN Keyword .................................................................................................................... 28
SQL UNION Operator ........................................................................................................................... 29
SQL SELECT INTO Statement ............................................................................................................. 30
SQL CREATE DATABASE Statement .................................................................................................. 32
SQL CREATE TABLE Statement .......................................................................................................... 32
SQL Constraints ................................................................................................................................... 33

1
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL NOT NULL Constraint .................................................................................................................. 33
SQL UNIQUE Constraint ...................................................................................................................... 34
SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint ............................................................................................................ 35
SQL CHECK Constraint ........................................................................................................................ 36
SQL DEFAULT Constraint .................................................................................................................... 38
2
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
WINDOW PC mysql install

mysql installating sql XAMPP XAMPP
What is XAMPP?
Apache web server install MySQL, PHP and Perl
server ၌ XAMPP Apache install
XAMPP MySQL, PHP and Perl download, extract and start
Apache internet server limit free server
WINDOW XAMPP
(http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-windows.html)
XAMPP package download software

window vista window7
Start control panelUser Accounts and Family SafetyTurn user Account Control on or off [turn user
account control on or off ]
Download XAMPP run run window

enter Yes or NO yes
run x y x run
Run XAMPP Control Panel Application Box start
XAMPP FOR WINDOW၊ XAMPP Control Panel Application Box Apache
and MySpl start running mysql
3
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL Start(All Programs(Accessories( Command Prompt Start ( Run ( cmd

Command promt box mysql space bar ၊ -uroot mysql †uroot
-u user root default name mySQL cmd
message
Exit
(၁) - Command promt SQL SQL software directory

SQL directory
4
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
Destop my computer right click properties Advanced Environment Variables system
variables PathEditvariable-value ;c:\xampp\mysql\bin
ok Start Run  cmd

mysql †uroot sql welcome monitor ၌ current sql code command
pront run
 (၂) - directory mysql command

promt user
 notepad
 notepad
 C:\XAMPP\mysql\bin\mysql.exe -uroot
 save save save .bat
- mysqlopen.bat
 bat file double click mysql -
5
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
Sql installation
CONFIGURING MYSQL
MySQL installing MySQL configuring shoutcut
Start Search BoxSearch Box cmd cmd
right click Pin to start menu start menu cmd
copyDesktopright clickpaste shoutcut shoutcut
<c:\WINDOWS\system32> start in Window form ၊
Shoutcut right click ( properties ( layout
SETUP PASSWORD MYSQL

MySQL security password update password web browser
MySQL Start (Run(cmd screem mysql †uroot
mysql
6
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password = PASSWORD ( „thetnaung‟ ) WHERE User = „root‟;
1 rows affected Query ok
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit
> mysql †uroot
error password
> mysql -uroot †p
password password
password -
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET PASSWORD = Password WHERE User =‟root‟;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

password mysql †uroot
7
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL INTRO
WHAT IS MYSQL?
 SQL Structured Query Language (
) definition -
 MySQL database management system
 Database data Database
List database data corporate network
( ) - database
computer database data add ၊ ၊
MySQL Server database management system computer
Database management system
data management central
standalone application
Database
 MySQL relational database management system

 Relational database storeroom
table data (flexibility)
Data
Database engine storeroom computer
database SQL (Structured
Query Language) language database
MySQL ၏ SQL (Structured Query Language) standardlized
language SQL (American National Standards Institute) ANSI/ISO SQL Standard
SQL 1986 version
manual 1992 “SQL-92” ၊ 1999 “SQL-
1999”၊ “SQL-2003” ၊ SQL current version
SQL current version
Why should we use MySQL?

 MySQL database popular Web application
LAMP software stack ၏ component database MySQL eg PHP,
WordPress, phpBB, Drupal software LAMP software stack
Wikipedia, Google and Facebook MySQL
MySQL highly scalable website
What Can SQL do?

 Database
 Database data
 Database records
 Database records update
 Database record delete
 Database
 Database table
 Database
 Database view
 Table, procedure, views
SQL INTRO 8
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL CAN DIVIDED INTO TWO PART ARE (DML AND DDL)
 Data Manipulating Language(DML) - Data
 SELECT † Database data
 UPDATE † Database data
 DELETE † Database data delete
 INSERT INTO † Database data
Data Manipulattion Language(DML) - SQL ၏ DDL database table ၊

(key) Table link Table
DDL statement
 CREATE DATABASE- DATABASE
 ALTER DATABASE- DATABASE modified
 CREATE TABLE- Table
 ALTER TABLE- Table modified
 DROP TABLE- Table delete
 CREATE INDEX- (search key)
 DROP INDEX- delete
SQL Syntax
Database Tables
Database table Table ( “ ”
“ ” ) row record
“Persons”
P_ID LastName FirstName Address City

1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar St Yangon
3 Thetnaung Mg WinZin Meiktila
table records column field column field MgMg ,U, 21 Street
value
SQL Statements
SQL statement
SQL statement records
SELECT * FROM Persons
Semicolon after SQL Statements?

database system SQL statement semicolon Semicolon database
system SQL statement MS Access SQL Server 2000
statement semicolon
SQL Syntax 9
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL SELECT Statement

Select statement database data select
SQL SELECT Syntax -

SELECT column_ name
FROM name
And
SELECT * FROM table_name
SQL SELECT Example:

„Persons‟ Table
1 MgMg U 21 Street Dagon Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar St Bahan Yangon
columns LastName FirstName select

SELECT LastName, FirstName FROM Persons
Result:
LastName FirstName
MgMg U
KyawThu Mg
Thetnaung Mg
SELECT * Example
asterisk (*) star columns select
Result :
1 MgMg U 21 Street Dagon Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar St Bahan Yangon
SQL SELECT DISTINCT Statement

Table column ( ၊
list select distinct statement
SQL SELECT Statement 10

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL SELECT DISTINCT Syntax

SELECT DISTINCT column_name
FROM table_name
SELECT DISTINCT Example

The “Persons” table:
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
City select distinct
statement
SELECT DISTINCT City FROM Persons
Result -
City
Yangon
Meiktila
SQL WHERE Clause

The WERE clause record record
SQL WHERE Syntax

SELECT column _names
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name/ operator values
WHERE Clause Example

Yangon select
WHERE City = „Yangon‟
Result
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantanar Yangon
SQL WHERE Clause 11

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
Quotes Around Text Fields
SQL single quote (Database system double quotes

) quotes ( „ ‟ ) example
For text values:
This is correct:
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName = „U‟
This is wrong:
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstNma = U
For numeric values:
This is correct:
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE Year = 1986
This is wrong:
SELECT * FROM Persons WERE Year = „ 1965‟
WHERE Clause operator
Operator Description
= Equl
<> Not equal
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greate than or equal
<= Less than or equal
BETWEEN Between an inclusive range
( )
LIKE Search for a pattern
IN If you know the exact value you want to return for at least one of the columns
SQL version <> operator !=
SQL AND & OR Operators

AND & OR operator record
THE AND & OR Operators

AND operator condition condition record display
OR Operator conditiuon condition ၊ record display
SQL AND & OR Operators 12

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
AND Operator Example

The “Persons” table
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
4 Yan Aung Mr TharkayTa Yangon
“Mg” first name၊ KyawThu last name

WHERE FirstName = „Mg‟
AND LastName = „KyawThu‟

OR Operator Example
“Mg” “U”
statement
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName = „U‟

OR FirstName = „Mg‟
Result
Combining AND & OR

AND OR ( )
Persons table kyaw Thu lastname „Mg‟ „Mr‟

WHERE LastName = „KyawThu‟
AND (FirstName = „Mr‟ OR FirstName = „Mg‟)
Result
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantarnar Yangon
SQL AND & OR Operators 13

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL ORDER BY Keyword

ORDER BY Keyword result sort ( )
The ORDER BY Keyword

 The ORDER BY Keyword column result sort
 The ORDER BY Keyword default ascending order (rising ) record sort
 Descending order (going down ) record sort DESC keyword
SQL ORDER BY Syntax

SELECT column_ names
FROM table_ name
ORDER BY column_ names ASC | DESC
ORDER BY Example
The “ Persons” table:
table lastname sorting

ORDER BY LastName
Result
ORDER BY DESC Example

descending

ORDER BY LastName DESC
SQL ORDER BY Keyword 14

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
Result
SQL INSERT INTO Statement

INERT INTO statement table record (insert) row
SQL INSERT INTO Syntax

1. statement
2. column
INSERT INTO table_
VALUES ( ၁ ၊ ၂ ၊ ၃ )
3. column
INSERT INTO table_ (column 1, column 2, column 3, )
VALUES ( ၁ ၊ ၂ ၊ ၃ , )
SQL INSERT INTO Example

Persons table row
INSERT INTO Persons
VALUES (4, „NayLin‟, „Mr‟, „ 23 home‟ , „Pyinmanar‟)

4 NayLin Mr 23 home Pyinmanar
Insert Data Only in Specified Columns

statement data Column
SQL INSERT INTO Statement 15

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
INSERT INTO Persons ( P_ID, LastName, FirstName )

VALUES ( 5, „Min Aung‟, „U‟ )

5 Min Aung U
SQL UPDATE Statement

UPDATE statement table record update ( )
record update
SQL UPDATE Syntax

UPDATE table_
SET column 1 = value, column 2 = value 2, ….
WHERE some_column = some_value
WHERE clause column WHERE
clause table column record data update
SQL UPDATE Example

5 Min Aung U
Persons table U Min Aung update
UPDATE Persons
SET Address = „Kannar road‟ , City = „ Magway‟
WHERE LastName = „ Min Aung‟ AND FirstName = „U‟
result
5 Min Aung U Kannar road Magway
SQL UPDATE Statement 16

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL UPDATE Warning

Record update WHERE clause
UPDATE Persons
SET Address = „Kannar road‟ , City = „ Magway‟
Result:
1 MgMg U Kannar road Magway
2 KyawThu Mg Kannar road Magway
3 Yan Naung Mg Kannar road Magway
4 NayLin Mr Kannar road Magway
SQL DELETE Statement

DELETE statement table record row
SQL DELETE Syntax

DELETE FROM table_
WHERE some_column = some_value
WHERE clause column table
record example
SQL DELETE Example

“Person” table
Person table U Min Aung
DELETE FROM Persons

WHERE LastName = „Min Aung‟ AND FirstName = „U‟

SQL DELETE Statement 17

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]

DELETE ALL ROWS

Table row -
DELETE FROM table_name
Or
DELETE * FROM table_name
SQL TOP Clause

Top clause record Top clause record
table record ၏ (impact)
database system top clause
SQL Server Syntax

SELECT TOP number | percent column_
FROM table_name
SQL SELECT TOP Equivalent in MySQL and Oracle

MySQL Syntax
SELECT column_
FROM table_
LIMIT number
Example
SELECT *
FROM Persons
LIMIT 5
Oracle Syntax
SELECT column_
FROM table_name
WHERE ROWNUM <= number
Example
SELECT *
FROM Persons
WHERE ROWNUM <= 5
SQL TOP Clause 18

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL TOP Example

table record select
SELECT TOP 2 *
FROM Persons
Result
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatarnar Yangon
SQL TOP PERCENT Example

table record ၏ select
SELECT TOP 50 PERCENT *

FROM Persons
Result
SQL LIKE Operator

LIKE operator WHERE clause column pattern
SQL LIKE Syntax

SELECT column_
FROM table_
WHERE column_ LIKE pattern
SQL LIKE Operator 19

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
LIKE Operator Example

The “Persons”table
 “Y” city

WHERE City LIKE „Y%‟
Result -
 “%” wildcards( pattern )
၊
 “Persons” table “n” city

WHERE City LIKE „%n‟
Result -
“Persons” table “eik” city pattern

WHERE City LIKE „%eik%‟
Result -
 NOT keyword city “eik” person select

SELECT *
FROM Persons
WHERE City NOT LIKE „eik‟
Result -
SQL LIKE Operator 20

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL Wildcards
SQL wildcards database data
SQL Wildcards
 SQL wildcards database data character ( )
 SQL wildcards SQL LIKE operator

Wildcard Description
% character
_ character
[charlist] Charlist character
[^charlist] Charlist character
Or
[!charlist]
SQL Wildcards Example

Using the _Wildcard

Persons table lastname “yawThu” ၏ character ၊ select

WHERE FirstName LIKE „_yawThu‟
Result -
Using the [charlist]Wildcard

Persons table “b” or “y” or “k” lastname select
SELECT *
FROM Persons
WHERE LastName LIKE „[ byk]%‟
Result
Pesons table “b” or “y” or “k” select
SQL Wildcards 21
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SELECT *
FROM Persons
WHERE LastName LIKE „[ !byk]%‟
Result -
SQL IN Operator
IN operator WHERE clause
SQL IN Syntax
SELECT column_
FROM table_name
WHERE column_ IN ( value 1, value2,…)
IN Operator Example
Persons table last name “MgMg” or “KyawThu” Persons

WHERE LastNmae IN ( „MgMg‟ , „KyawThu”)
Result -
SQL BETWEEN Operator

BETWEEN operator data (range) select WHERE clause
number ၊ text date
SQL BETWEEN Syntax

SELECT column_
FROM table_
WHERE column_
SQL IN Operator 22
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
BETWEEN value1 AND value2
BETWEEN Operator Example


table alphabetically “MgMg” “Yan Naung” select

WHERE LastName
BETWEEN „MgMg‟ AND „Yan Naung‟
Result
databases , -MgMg Yan Naung table
list ၊ BETWEEN operator (test)
field select
field
MgMg list ၊ Yan Naung list BETWEEN operator test list

Example 2
example NOT BETWEEN
WHERE LastName
NOT BETWEEN „MgMg‟ AND „Yan Naung‟
Result -
SQL BETWEEN Operator 23

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL Alias
alias table ( ) column ( )
( ) table ( ) column
SQL Alias Syntax for Tables

SELECT column_
FROM table_
AS alias_
SQL Alias Syntax for Columns

SELECT column_name AS alias_name
FROM table_name
Alias Example
“Persons” table “Product_Orders” table Persons “p” ၊
Product_Orders “pro”
SELECT po.OrderID, p.LastName, p.FirstName
FROM Persons AS p,
Product_Orders AS po
WHERE p.LastName = „MgMg‟ AND p.FirstName = „U‟
Aliases SELECT statement

SELECT Product_Orders.OrderID, Persons.LastName, Persons. FirstName
FROM Persons,
Product_Orders
WHERE Persons.LastName = „MgMg‟ AND Persons.FirstName = „U‟
SQL Joins
 SQL joins table ( ) table table
column
 Database table key
 Primary key row unique column ( column
) Primary ၏ table unique ( )
table data table data
(bind)
Persons table ၌
P_Id LastName FirstName Address City
SQL Alias 24
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
“P_Id” column “Persons” table primary key “P_Id” row

P_Id person
Orders table:
O_Id OrderNo P_Id
1 12345 3
2 67890 3
3 112233 1
4 112234 1
5 112235 15
“O_Id” column “Orders” table primary key “P_Id” column
“Persons” table person “P_Id” column
table
Different SQL JOINS
Example JOIN type list
 JOIN
 LEFT JOIN
 RIGHT JOIN
 FULL JOIN
SQL INNER JOIN Keyword

INNER JOIN keyword table row
INNER JOIN Syntax

SELECT column_
FROM table_ 1
INNER JOIN table_ 2
ON table_ 1.column_ = table_ 2. column_
PS: INNER JOIN JOIN
SQL INNER JOIN Example

The “ Orders” table:

O_Id OrderNo P_Id
1 123 3
2 456 3
3 789 1
4 012 1
5 345 15
order person list
SQL INNER JOIN Keyword 25
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.orderNo

FROM Persons
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Persons.P_Id = Orders.P_Id
ORDER BY Persons.LastName
Result
LastName FirstName OrderNo
MgMg U 789
MgMg U 012
YanNaung Mg 123
YanNaung Mg 456
INNER JOIN keyword table row
“Persons” “Orders” row listed
SQL LEFT JOIN Keyword

LEFT JOIN keyword left table ( table_ 1) row table (table_ 2)
table
SQL LEFT JOIN Syntax
SELECT column_
FROM table_name1
LEFT JOIN table_name2
ON table_name1.column_name = table_name2.column_name
PS: database LEFT JOIN LEFT OUTER JOIN
SQL LEFT JOIN Example
The “Orders” table:

O_Id OrderNo P_Id
1 123 3
2 456 3
3 789 1
4 012 1
5 345 15
table Persons ၏ Order list

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
SQL LEFT JOIN Keyword 26

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
LEFT JOIN Orders

ON Persons.P Id= Orders.P_Id
result
LEFT JOIN keyword table (Persons) (Orders)
SQL RIGHT JOIN Keyword

RIGHT JOIN keyword table ( table_name2) row left table (table_name1)
SQL RIGHT JOIN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
RIGHT JOIN table_name2
database RIGHT JOIN RIGHT OUTER JOIN
SQL RIGHT JOIN Esample


O_Id OrderNo P_Id
1 123 3
2 456 3
3 789 1
4 012 1
5 345 15
table Order List

FROM Persons
RIGHT JOIN Orders
ON Persons.P Id = Orders.P_Id
SQL RIGHT JOIN Keyword 27

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
result
MgMg U 789
MgMg U 012
YanNaung Mg 123
YanNaung Mg 456
345
SQL FULL JOIN Keyword

FULL JOIN keyword table ၏ row
SQL FULL JOIN Syntax

FROM table_name1
FULL JOIN table_name2
O_Id OrderNo P_Id
1 123 3
2 456 3
3 789 1
4 012 1
5 345 15
table Order List

FROM Persons
FULL JOIN Orders
ON Persons.P_Id= Orders.P_Id
result
MgMg U 789
MgMg U 012
YanNaung Mg 123
SQL FULL JOIN Keyword 28
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
YanNaung Mg 456
Kyaw Thu Mg
345
FULL JOIN keyword table row ၊ table row
Person table row Order table match ၊ Orders table
row Persons table match row list
SQL UNION Operator

 SQL UNION operator ( ) SELECT statement combines ( )
 UNION SELECT statement columns columns
data type SELECT statement column
order
SQL UNION Syntax

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
UNION
UNION operator default (distinct) select
(duplicate) UNION ALL
SQL UNION ALL Syntax

UNION ALL
PS: UNION ၏ result-set column name UNION SELECT statement
column
SQL UNION Example

“Employees_Yangon”:
E_ID E_Name
01 U Kyaw Thu
02 U Min Soe
03 Mg Yel Soe
04 Mg Zaw Naing
“Employees_Mandalay”:
E_ID E_Name
01 U Yar Zar
02 U Nay Naing
03 Mg Yel Soe
04 Mg Zar Ni
(employees) list -
SQL UNION Operator 29

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_Yangon

UNION
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_Mandalay
result
E_Name
U Kyaw Thu
U Min Soe
Mg Yel Soe
Mg Zaw Naing
U Yar Zar
U Nay Naing
Mg Zar Ni
command list
List UNION command (distinct)
select
SQL UNION ALL Example

list
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_Yangon
UNION ALL
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_Mandalay
Result:
E_Name
U Kyaw Thu
U Min Soe
Mg Yel Soe
Mg Zaw Naing
U Yar Zar
U Nay Naing
Mg Yel Soe
Mg Zar Ni
SQL SELECT INTO Statement

 SQL SELECT INTO statement table (backup copies)
 SELECT INTO statement table data ၊ table
SQL SELECT INTO Syntax

column table
SELECT *
SQL SELECT INTO Statement 30

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase]

FROM old_tablename
( ) column table
INTO new_table_name [in externaldatabase]
FROM old_tablename
SQL SELECT INTO Example
 Backup Copy - “Person” table data copy

statement
SELECT *
INTO Persons_Backup
FROM Persons
 table copy database IN clause

SELECT *
INTO Persons_Backup IN „Backup.mdb‟
FROM Persons
 field table -
SELECT LasrName, FirstName
INTO Persons_Backup
FROM Persons
SQL SELECT INTO- With a WHERE Clause
WHERE clause add SQL statement “Yangon”

table “Backup”
SELECT LastName, FirstName

INTO Persons_Backup
FROM Persons
WHERE City = „Yangon‟
SQL SELECT INTO † Joined Tables
Table data select ၊

SELECT Persons.LastName, Orders.OrderNo
INTO Persons_Order_Backup
FROM Persons
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Persons.P_Id = Order.P_Id
“Persons” table “Orders” table data “Persons_Order _Backup”
SQL SELECT INTO Statement 31
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL CREATE DATABASE Statement

CREATE DATABASE statement database
SQL CREATE DATABASE Syntax

CREATE DATABASE database_name
CREATE DATABASE Example

database
CREATE DATABASE my_db
CREATE TABLE statement database table add
SQL CREATE TABLE Statement

CRTEATE TABLE statement Database table
SQL CREATE TABLE Syntax

CREATE TABLE table_name
(
Column_name1 data_type,
Column_name2 data_type,
Column_name3 data_type
…
)
data_type column data type data type
MS Access, MySQL, and SQL Server Data types reference
CREATE TABLE Example

column “Persons” table column
- P_Id, LastName, FirstName, Address, and City
CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int,
LastName varchar (255),
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255)
)
SQL CREATE DATABASE Statement 32

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
P_Id type int LastName,

FirstName, Address, and City column varchar type 255
Result data “Persons” table

INSERT STATEMENT empty table data
SQL Constraints
 Constraints data type limit
 Constraints table (CREATE TABLE statement ) table (ALTER
TABLE statement )
constraints Constraint
 NOT NULL
 UNIQUE
 PRIMARY KEY
 FOREIGN KEY
 CHECK
 DEFAULT
constraint ၏
SQL NOT NULL Constraint

Table table column Default NULL ၊
SQL NOT NULL Constraint

NOT NULL constraint NULL NULL example

(
P_ID int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
Address varchar (255),
City varchar (255)
)
“P_id” column “LastName” column default NULL
SQL Constraints 33
THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL UNIQUE Constraint

 UNIQUE constraint database table record [ (uniquely) ( )
]
 UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY constraint column column
 PRIMARY KEY constraint UNIQUE constraint

 Table UNIQUE constraints PRIMAEY KEY constraint
SQL UNIQUE Constraint on CREATE TABLE

“Persons” table “P_ID” column UNIQUE constraint
MySQL:
(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
FirstNam e varchar(255),
City varchar(255),
UNIQUE (P_Id)
)
SQL Server / Oracle / MS Acess:

(
P_Id int NOT NULL UNIQUE,
LastName varchar (255) NOT NULL,
City v archar(255)
Column UNIQUE constraint SQL syntax

(
P_Kd int NOT NULL,
City varchar(255),
CONSTRANT uc_PersonID UNIQUE (P_Id, LastName)
)
SQL UNIQUE Constraint 34

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL UNIQUE Constraint on ALTER TABLE

Table “P_Id” column UNIQUE constraint
syntax
MySQL / SQL Server/ Oracle/ MS Access:

ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD UNIQUE (P_Id)
Column ၌ UNIQUE constraint syntax
MySQL/ SQL Server/ Oracle/ MS Acess:

ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD CONSTRINT uc_PersonID UNIQUE (P_Id, LastName)
TO DROP a UNIQUE Constraint

UNIQUE constraint drop syntax
MySQL:
ALTER TABLE Persons
DROP INDEX uc_PersonID
SQL Server/ Oracle/ MS Access:

ALTER TABLE Persons
DROP CONSTRAINT uc_PersonID
SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint

 PRIMAEY KEY constraint database table record
 Primary key column NULL
 Table primary key primary key
SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint on CREATE TABLE

Table “P_Id” column PRIMARY KEY
MySQL:
(
P_Id int NOT NULL
PRIMARY KEY (P_Id)
)
SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint 35

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:

(
P_Id int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
LastName varchar (255) ,
City varchar (255)
)
SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint on ALTER TABLE

Table “P_Id” PRIMARY KEY
ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD CONSTRAINT pk_PersonsID PRIMARY KEY (P_Id, LastName)
ALTER TABLE statement primary key table
primary key column NULL
To DROP a PRIMARY KEY Constraint

PRIMARY KEY constraint drop -
MySQL:
ALTER TABLE Persons
DROP PRIMARY KEY
ALTER TABLE Persons
DROP CONSTRAINT pk_PersonID
SQL CHECK Constraint

 CHECK constraint column value range limit
 Column CHECK constraint column
 Table CHECK constraint row column
column CHECK constraint limit
SQL CHECK Constraint on CREATE TABLE

Persons table P_Id column ၌ CHECK constraint create CHECK constraint
P_Id column “0” integer
MySQL:
(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
City varchar (255),
SQL CHECK Constraint 36

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
CHECR (P_Id>0)
)

(
P_Id int NOT NULL CHECK (P_Id>0),
FIrestName varhcar (255),
City varchar (255)
)
Multiple( )column CHECK constraint syntax
MySQL / SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:

(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar (255),
City varchar (255),
CONSTRAINT chk_Person CHECK (P_Id>0 AND City = „Yangon‟)
SQL CHECK Constraint on ALTER TABLE

Table CHECK constaint syntax

ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD CHECK (P_Id>0)
column CHECK constraint -

ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD CONSTRAINT chk_Person CHECK (P_Id>0 AND City = „Yangon‟‟)
To DROP a CHECK Constraint

CHECK constraint syntax
ALTER TABLE Persons
DROP CONSTRAINT chk_Person
SQL CHECK Constraint 37

THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL DEFAULT Constraint

DFFAULT constraint column default
SQL DEFAULT Constrint on CREATE TABLE

Persons table City column DEFAULT constraint
(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255) ,
City varchar (255) DEFAULE „Myanmar‟
Default constraint GETDATE() function system
CREATE TABLE Orders
(
O_Id int NOT NULL,
OrderNo int NOT NULL,
P_Id int,
OrderDate date DEFAULT GETDATE()
)
SQL DEFAULE Constrint on ALTER TABLE

Table “City” column DEFAULT constraint -
MySQL:
ALTER TABLE Persons
ALTER Country SET DEFAULT „Yangon‟

ALTER TABLE Persons
ALTER COLUMN City SET DEFAULT „ Yangon‟
DEFAULT Constraint
MySQL:
ALTER TABLE Persons
ALTER City DROP DEFAULT

ALTER TABLE Persons
ALTER COLUMN City DROP DEFAULT
SQL DEFAULT Constraint 38

Thetnaunghtut SQL

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THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]

SQL Syntax ............................................................................................................................................ 9

SQL SELECT Statement ................................................................................................................... 10

SQL SELECT DISTINCT Statement ...................................................................................................... 10

SQL WHERE Clause ............................................................................................................................. 11

SQL AND & OR Operators .................................................................................................................. 12

SQL ORDER BY Keyword .................................................................................................................... 14

SQL INSERT INTO Statement .............................................................................................................. 15

SQL UPDATE Statement ...................................................................................................................... 16

SQL DELETE Statement ....................................................................................................................... 17

SQL TOP Clause .................................................................................................................................. 18

SQL LIKE Operator............................................................................................................................... 19

SQL Wildcards ...................................................................................................................................... 21

SQL IN Operator .................................................................................................................................. 22

SQL BETWEEN Operator ..................................................................................................................... 22

SQL Joins ............................................................................................................................................. 24

SQL INNER JOIN Keyword .................................................................................................................. 25

SQL LEFT JOIN Keyword .................................................................................................................... 26

SQL RIGHT JOIN Keyword .................................................................................................................. 27

SQL FULL JOIN Keyword .................................................................................................................... 28

SQL UNION Operator ........................................................................................................................... 29

SQL SELECT INTO Statement ............................................................................................................. 30

SQL CREATE DATABASE Statement .................................................................................................. 32

SQL CREATE TABLE Statement .......................................................................................................... 32

SQL Constraints ................................................................................................................................... 33

SQL NOT NULL Constraint .................................................................................................................. 33

SQL UNIQUE Constraint ...................................................................................................................... 34

SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint ............................................................................................................ 35

SQL CHECK Constraint ........................................................................................................................ 36

SQL DEFAULT Constraint .................................................................................................................... 38

WINDOW PC mysql install

Apache internet server limit free server

XAMPP package download software

Download XAMPP run run window

SQL Start(All Programs(Accessories( Command Prompt Start ( Run ( cmd

(၁) - Command promt SQL SQL software directory

ok Start Run  cmd

 (၂) - directory mysql command

SETUP PASSWORD MYSQL

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

 MySQL relational database management system

Why should we use MySQL?

What Can SQL do?

Data Manipulattion Language(DML) - SQL ၏ DDL database table ၊

P_ID LastName FirstName Address City

Semicolon after SQL Statements?

SQL SELECT Statement

SQL SELECT Syntax -

SELECT * FROM table_name

SQL SELECT Example:

columns LastName FirstName select

SQL SELECT DISTINCT Statement

SQL SELECT Statement 10

SQL SELECT DISTINCT Syntax

SELECT DISTINCT Example

SQL WHERE Clause

SQL WHERE Syntax

WHERE Clause Example

SQL WHERE Clause 11

Quotes Around Text Fields

SQL single quote (Database system double quotes

For text values:

SQL AND & OR Operators