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i1
ENGINEERING MECHANICS:
S T A TI CS
William F. Riley
Professor Emeritus Iowa State University
SECOND EDITION
Leroy D. Sturges
Iowa State University
\~
p
18 in.
Toronto
Singapore
Copyright © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This material may be reproduced for testing or instructional purposes by people using the text.
ISBN 0-471-16148-9
Printed in the United States of America
10
98765432
INTRODUCTION
This manual was written with the same care and precision with which the book was
written. Included appears with the ure. This is done to both the book
is a complete solution for every problem in the book. Each solution original problem statement and, where appropriate, the problem figfor the convenience of the instructor, who no longer will have to refer and the solutions manual in preparing for class.
As a guide to the problem material, problems with answers that are included in the back of the book are marked with an asterisk [*], and problems intended to be solved with the aid of a programmable calculator or a computer are marked with a [C].
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Solutions Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 General Principles Concurrent Force Systems Statics of Particles Rigid Bodies: Equivalent Force/Moment Systems 1 37 116 154 290 396 508 690 816 958 1097
Distributed Forces: Centroids and Center of Gravity Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies Trusses, Frames, and Machines Internal Forces in Structural Members Friction
Chapter 10 Second Moments of Area and Moments of Inertia Chapter 11 Method of Virtual Work
ENGINEERING 1-1*
MECHANICS
Calculate the mass m of a body that weighs 600 lb at the surface of the earth.
SOLUTION m
600 = -- = 32.17
18.65 slug
Ans.
1-2*
Calculate the weight W of a body at the surface of the earth if it has a mass m of 675 kg.
SOLUTION
675(9.807}
6.62(10
6.62 kN
Ans.
1-3
Calculate the gravitational constant g, in U.S. Customary units, for a location on the surface of the moon.
SOLUTION
Gm m
= 33.439(10-8)(5.037)(1021)
(5.702(10 )]2
6
2
m
Ans.
1-4
constant
SOLUTION
ga s -2-
Gm r
s
11
0.2741(10
322
) mls
~ 274 mls
Ans.
1-5*
The planet Venus has a diameter of 7700 mi and a mass of 3.34(1023) slug. Determine the gravitational acceleration at the surface of the planet.
SOLUTION
3.439(10-8)(3.34}(10
23
[7700(5280)/2]2
27.8 ft/s
Ans ,
The gravitational acceleration ~~ the surface of Mars is 3.73 m/s2 ) kg. Determine the radius of Mars. and the mass of Mars is 6.39(10 Gm
H =-
rH
)
rM
/6.673(10-11)(6.39)(10 =I 3.73 gH
23
3.381(10
m ~ 3.38(10
Ans.
1-7
SOLUTION
Gm m r
2
es
= =
3.439(10-
23
29
0.7974(10
22
lb
7.97(10
18
kip
Ans.
1-8
force, in kilonewtons,
exerted by the
SOLUTION
Gm m
cm
2
6.673(10-11)(5.976)(1024)(7.350)(1022) = ~~~~--~~~~~--~~~~~~ 82
=
1-9*
kN
Ans ,
The equatorial radi~s of the earth is 2.0925(10 ) ft and the polar radius is 2.0856(10 ) ft. Determine the gravitational acceleration g at the two locations.
SOLUTION
ge
Gm e re
2
23
= 32.16 ft/s
Ans.
gp
Gm o rp 2
23
)_
32.38 ft/s
Ans ,
2.
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
1-10* Two spherical bodies have masses of 60 kg and 80 kg, respectively. Determine the gravitational force of attraction between the spheres if the distance from center to center is 600 mm. SOLUTION
F=
7 = 8.90(10- )
Ans ,
1-11
Two solid spherical bodies have 12 in. and310 in. diameters and are made of a material that weighs 0.284 lb/in. Determine the gravitational force of attraction between the two spheres when they are touching each other.
SOLUTION m = pV = 1 V g m1
0.284 32.17
(1 3
'It
R3)
0.03698 R3
= =
0.03698(6)3
m2 = 0.03698(5)3
= =
m1m2 G-2 r
18 3.439(10- )(7.988)(4.623)
(11/12)2
lb
Ans.
1-12
SOLUTION
r
+r
.. = 1.6(10
=
666
) + 1.738(10
3.338(10
)m
F=~=
Gm m r
2
N " 13.21 kN
Ans.
~-------
---
1-13* Determine the weight W of a satellite when it is in orbit 8500 miles above the surface of the earth if the satellite weighs 7600 lb at the surface.
SOLUTION
From Eq. (1-3) : From Table 1-1: W ro rh Wh
e = -2
Gm m r
7
W
)
oro
hrh
Gm m e
= =
2.090(10 ro + h
ft
7 )
2.090(10
+ 8500(5280)
7
6.578(10
ft Ans.
= -- = 2
rh
w oro 2
767 lb
1-14* Determine the weight W of a satellite when it is in orbit 20.2(10 ) m above the surface of the earth if the satellite weighs 8450 N at the surface.
SOLUTION
From Eq. (1-3) : From Table 1-1:
W
=
=
Gm m
&
2
6 )
Woro m
6 )
whrh
=
)
Gm em
ro rh Wh
6.371(10
=
=
ro + h = 6.371(10
2
+ 20.2(10
26.571(10
485.8 N ~ 486 N
Ans.
1-15
If a woman weighs 135 lb when standing on the surface of the earth, how much would she weigh when standing on the surface of the moon?
SOLUTION
Gm gill
III
rIII mgm
8 21 3.439(10- )(5.037)(10 )
[5.702(10 )]2
W
5.328 ft/s2
ge
gm
135 32.17(5.328)
22.36 Ib
a!
22.4 lb
Ans.
ENGINEE~ING 1-16
MECHANICS
Determine the weight W ofa body that has a mass of 1000 kg (a) At the surface of the earth. (b) At the top of Mt. McKinley (6193 m above sea levell. (e) In a satellite at an altitude of 250 km.
e = -2
SOLUTION From Eq. (1-3) : From Table 1-1: (a) Wo (b) rh W"
(c)
Gm m r
Woro
6 )
Whrh
Gm m
e
ro
6.371(10
m Ans.
6
= =
mg
=
2
1000(9.807)
=
6
ro + rh Woro 2 rh
6.371(10
6.377(10 9789 N
at:
)m Ans.
= -- = =
ro + h W r2 rh
2
=
3
9.79 kN
6 )
rh Wh
6.371(10
+ 250(10
6.621(10
m Ans.
o0 = -- =
9807[6.371(106)]2 [6.621(106)]2
9080 N ~ 9.08 kN
1-17* If a man weighs 210 Ib at sea level, determine the weight W of the man (a) At the top of Mt. Everest (29,028 ft above sea level). (b) In a satellite at an altitude of 200 mi. SOLUTION From Eq. (1-3) : From Table 1-1: (a) rh = ro + h Wh (b) rh W= ro Gm m
1;.'
2 7 )
2 wore ft
hrh
Gm m
e
2.090(10
7 )
2.090(10
+ 29028 = 2.0929028(10
ft
-2
rh
Woro
210[2.090(107)]2 [2.0929028(10
7
)12
209.4 lb
!i!!
209 lb
7 )
Ans.
ft
Ans.
ro + h
2.090(10
+ 200{52BO)
7
2.1956(10
190.29 lb ~ 190.3 Ib
ENGINEERING 1-18
MECHANICS
A planet having a mass of 5(10 ) kg and a diameter of 30(10 ) m orbits a distant star. Determine the weight W of the traveler on the surface of this planet. m=
SOLUTION Gmm
--p
2
p
= 6.673~10-11)~81.57~(5){1025~
(15(10 )1
6 2
Ans.
26 1-19* The planet Jupiter has a mass of 1.302(10 ) slug and a visible diameter (top of the cloud layers) of 88,700 mi. Determine the gravitational acceleration g (a) At a point 100,000 miles above the top of the clouds. (b) At the top of the cloud layers. SOLUTION
rj
=~
dj
~(88,700'(5280' 26
2.342(10
ft Ans.
= G mj = 3.439(10-9, 1.302(10 )
r~ [2.342(10
8
)12
1-20* The planet Saturn has a mas~ of 5.67(10 ) kg and a visible diameter (top of clouds) of 12.00(10 ) m. The weight W of a planetary probe on earth is 4.50 kN. Determine 9 (a) The weight of the probe when it is 6(10 ) m above the top of the clouds. (b) The weight of the probe as it begins its penetration of the cloud layers. SOLUTION m
p
26
Wp
4.5(10 9.807
458.9 kg
(a) r
= =--= 2
r
Gm
p
m8
6.673(10-
11
26 }(458.9)(5.67)(10 ) (66.0(109)]2
= 7.03 N = 482 N
Ans.
G. p m s (b) W =--= 2
r
8
Ans.
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
1-21
The first U.S. satellite; Explorer I, had a mass of approximately 1 slug. Determine the force exerted on the satellite by the earth at the low and high points of its orbit which were 175 mi and 2200 mi, respectively, above the surface of the earth.
SOLUTION
rL = re +
hl = 2.090(ln
) 7 }
ft ft
rH
= =
re + hH msg
2.090(10
3.251(10
Fs
F
1(32.17)
32.17 Ib
'3
Gm e m s =-r
2
Gm e m
= =
32.17((2.090)(10 (2.182(10
7 )]2
)]2
25.51 lb ~ 25.5 lb
Ans.
32.17((2.090)(10 (3.251(10
7 )]2
)]2
13.296 lb ~ 13.30 lb
Ans.
1-22
neutron star has a mass of 2(1030) kg and a diameter of 10(10 ) Determine the gravitational force of attraction on a 10-kg space probe 6 (al When it is 10 m from the center of the star. (bl At the instant of impact with the surface of the star.
m.
SOLUTION
F
Gm m
___E__.! 2
(a)
= =
6.673(10-11){10)(Z)(1030, (10
6 )2
=
=
Ans. Ans.
(b)
6.673(lO-11)(10)(2}(l030, [5(103)]2
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
1-23* At what distance from the surface of the earth, in miles, is the weight of a body equal to one-half of its weight on the earth's surface? SOLUTION W From Table 1-1: ro ro rh
2
= --2
r
Gmemb
Woro
7 )
Whrh
Gmemb
2.090(10
ft
2
-= Wo
h
Wh
Wo12 Wo
= -2
l)r o
rh
(ro + h) 8.657(10
6
2ro ft
= (12 -
= (12 -
1)(2.090)(10
=
=
1639.6 mi ~ 1640 mi
Ans.
1-24
At what distance, in kilometers, from the surface of the earth on a line from center to center would the gravitational force of the earth on a body be exactly balanced by the gravitational force of the moon on the body?
SOLUTION
=
b
a = [meb mm a+b
2]
1/2
2]
1/2
9. 01 7b
=
m
9.017b + b a
=
=
3.844(10
) )
0.3837(10
3.4603(10
1-25* Determine the weight W, in U.S. Customary units, of an 85-kg steel bar under standard conditions (sea level at a latitude of 45 degrees) SOLUTION
W
mg
(85 kg)(9.807
mls )
=
=
833.6 kg'm
s
2
833.6 N Ans.
833.6 N
(4~4!~N) = .187.4lb
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
- STATICSt
2nd. Ed.
1-26* Determine the mass m, in SI units, for a 600-lb steel beam under standard conditions (sea level at a latitude of 45 degrees). SOLUTION m 2
W =-= s
= =
18.651
~lb's =
18.651 slug
= (li';~u!~) 272
1-27
The velocity of light in space is approximately 186,000 mils. velocity of light in units of kilometers per hour is?
The
SOLUTION
1-28
Using the fact that 1 m 39.37 in., convert 5 m units of cubic yards of concrete.
of concrete
to
SOLUTION
v=
6.54 yd
Ans.
1-29* Using the fact that 1 in. 25.40 mm, convert a speed of 75 mi/h to units of meters per second. SOLUTION
1-30* The fuel consumption of an automobile consumption, in miles per gallon, is? SOLUTION
1S
14 km/L.
The fuel
-_._. ~-----------
SOLUTION
V
( ](
r[
1L 0.001 m3
1=
Ans.
1-32
How many barrels of oil are contained in 100 kL of oil? (petroleum) equals 42.0 gal.
One barrel
SOLUTION
1-33* Express a speed of 20 nmlh (1 nautical mile kilometers per minute. SOLUTION
1-34* One acre equals 43,560 ft. One hectare equals 10 number of acres in 500 hectares. SOLUTION
m.
Determine the
1235 acres
Ans.
}O
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
- STATICS,
2nd. Ed.
1-35
Verify the conversion factors listed in Table 1-6 for converting the following quantities from U.S. Customary units to SI units by using the values listed for length as defined values: (a) Velocity (b) Acceleration
::::
= =
(b) Acceleration:
(1 ~) (39.37 m in.) 1 s
2
0.0254 mls
Ans. Ans.
(1 f;)b.~8~ s
ft)
= 0.3048 mls
1-36
Verify the conversion factors listed in Table 1-6 for converting the following quantities from SI units to U.S. Customary units by using the values listed for length as defined values: (a) Area (b) Volume Use 1 gal
= 1550 In.
.2
Ans ,
10.76 ft
Ans.
. 3
(b) Volume;
J3
3
6 = 61.02( 10- )
In.
Ans ,
)( (1 m 31ft0.3048
(1 L] [0.001
1 LIm
J=
35.31 ft
Ans .
= 0.2642 gal
Ans.
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
1-37* Verify the conversion factors listed in Table 1-6 for converting the following quantities from U.S. Customary units to SI units by using the values listed for length and force as defined values: (a) Mass (b) Distributed load SOLUTION
(a) Mass:
2
(1
S!Ug)(1
= 14.59 kg
Ans.
(b) Distributed
1-38* Verify the conversion factors listed in Table 1-6 for converting the following quantities from SI units to U.S. Customary units by using the values listed for length and mass as defined values: (a) Pressure or stress (b) Bending moment or torque SOLUTION (a) Pressure or stress:
2 1 P ) (1 N/m2) (1 kg.m/8 J (a 1 Pa 1N
( 1 SlUg) ( 1 m
14.59 kg
1 kPa 1 MPa
ft in.
)2
Ans. Ans.
0.1450(10-
Ib/in~
10
3 6
Pa Pa
10
= =
J2
ENGINEERING 1-39
MECHANICS
- STATICS,
2
2nd. Ed.
W. F.
One acre equals 43,560 ft, One gallon equals 231 in: number of liters of water in 2500 acre'ft of water.
SOLUTION (2500
acreort)[43,560
acre
ft
W2 inor[
1 ft
231 in~
9
1 gal) [30785LJ
1 gal
9
3.083(10 ) L ~ 3.08(10 ) L
Ans.
1-40
The viscosity of crude ~~l under2conditions of standard temperature and pressure is 7.13(10 2) N's/m. The viscosity of crude oil in U.S. Customary units (lb's/ft ) is?
1-41* The air pressure in an automobile tire is 35 psi. Express the pressure in appropriate SI units (kPa) by using the values listed in Table 1-6 for length and force as defined values. SOLUTION P
[1
241 kPa
Ans.
1-42
The stress in a steel bar is 150 MPa. Express the stress in appropriate U.S. Customary units (ksi) by using the values listed in Table 1-6 for length and force as defined values.
SOLUTION
0'
150 MPa
=
=
Ans ,
)3
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
W. F. RILEY
AND L.
D. STURGES
1-43* Express the density, in SI units (kg/m3)'30f that has a specific weight of 0.284 lb/in. SOLUTION P
6
a specimen of material
=
in.
4
1=
g
2
in./s
735.7(10-
735.7(10-
lb's --
(4'14~bN) (39·i7min.)"(1
ks.m/s2)
1 N,
7860 kg/m
Ans.
1-44* Express the specific weight, in U.S. Customary units3(lb/in:), specimen of material that has a density of 4500 kg/m. SOLUTION
y
of a
= =
pg
4500 ~ m
3 N
2]
3
45,13(10
3)
.
N/m
3
3
Ans ,
'I
45.13(10)
01626 lb/ln.
1-45
By definition, 1 hp 33,000 ft'lb/min and 1 W 1 N·m/s. Verify the conversion factors listed in Table 1-6. for converting power from U.S. Customary units to SI units by using the values listed for length and force as defined values.
SOLUTION
1-46
The specific heat of air under standard atmospheric pressure, in SI units, is 1003 N'm/kg'K. The specific heat of air under standard atmospheric pressure, in U.S. Customary units (ft'lb/slug,oR), is?
SOLUTION
C p
= 1003
kg(__!_!L_J
1.80R
= 6000
ft'lb slug' R
o
Ans ,
J1
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
- STATICS,
2nd. Ed.
If F is a force, m1
can be expressed in equation form as m1m2 F = G- 2 r and m2 are masses, and r is a distance, determine
of G.
= -- = m1m2
Fr2
(ML/T2)( L) 2 (M)(M)
=MT2
L3
Ans.
subjected
to an
5
What are the dimensions and A is an area? SOLUTION
AE
PL
P is a force,
Ans.
in certain types of fluid flow problems when a free surface is present is the Froude number (Fr) which can be expressed in equation form as v2] 1/2 Fr = L Lw ~
where P is the density of the fluid, v is a velocity, L is a length, and w is the specific weight of the fluid. Show that the Froude number is dimensionless. SOLUTION
Ans.
IS
_iiiiOiiOO====---~'-"""
~·_···_· __
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
in equation form as
where P is the density of the fluid, v isa velocity, L is a length, and (J is the surface tension of the fluid. If the Weber number is dimensionless, what are the dimensions of the surface tension o? SOLUTION
(J
3 2 (M/L )(L/T)2(L) pv L ( 1) We =
M -
r2
Ans.
k(L/g)1/2
where T is in seconds, L is in feet, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and k is a constant. What are the dimensions of k for dimensional homogeneity? SOLUTION
k
{L/g
1 (Dimensionless)
Ans.
18
an acceleration,
and t
homogeneous?
SOLUTION
y yo
= =
L L
vt
(L/T)(T)
All terms have the dimension L; therefore, the equation is dimensionally homogeneous.
Ans.
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
- STATICS,
2nd. Ed.
1-53 The modulus k of a coil spring (force required to stretch the spring
a unit distance) can be expressed
k = ....Q!:_
"
in equation
4R3n in which rand R are lengths and n is a dimensionless number. Determine the dimensions of G (a property of the spring material). SOLUTION
G
3 4kR n r
"
M =LT2
Ans.
1-54
In the dimensiomally
homogeneous
U
equation
Wv
2
Fd - 2g
F is a force, W is a force, d is a length, and v is a linear velocity Determine the dimensions of U and g. SOLUTION Fd
=
=
(ML/T )(L)
ML2/T2
ML2/T2:
U
g
Ans.
2g
ML /T
L/T2
Ans.
homogeneous
(J
equation
(J
A I is a stress, A is an area, M is a moment of a force, and c is a length. Determine the dimensions of P and I.
f + Mc
Ans. Ans.
= L"
)7
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
equation
2
Imv2 + lI<}
(,.I
d is a length, m is a mass, v is a linear velocity, and angular velocity. Determine the dimensions of P and I. SOLUTION 12 ~mv :: (l)(M)(L/T)
222
is an
::ML IT
ML2/T2
(L)
::ML/T
I ::
ML2/T2 (11(1/T)2
ML--
Ans ,
1-57
In the dimensiomally
homogeneous
equation VQ
t=Y-+Jb
t
Tr
is a stress, T is a torque, V is a force, rand b are lengths, and is a second moment of an area. Determine the dimensions of J and
(M/LTZ)
Ans ,
1~58
In the dimensiomally
homogeneous
A
equation
J
r :: f + Tr
is a stress, A is an area, T is a torque. and r is a length. Determine the dimensions of P and J.
t
(MLz/Tz)(LI :: L4
(M/LT2)
Ans.
)8
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
1-59* The equation x = Ae sin (at + ~) is dimensionally homogeneous. If A is a length and t is time, determine the dimensions of x, a, b, and a.
SOLUTION
t
= 1: b= =
a(T)
therefore 1 therefore
= =
T 1 T
Ans.
Ans , Ans ,
at a x
1 (Dimensionless)
A(1)
L(1)
Ans.
322 homogeneous equation w x + ax + bx + a b/x, if x is.a length, what are the dimensions of a, b, and w?
SOLUTION If x
w a
= = =
L3 L
= =
2 a(L ) bel)
= =
L3 L3
bx
L2
Ae -bt cos
[I1 - a i bt + c]
b
b(T)
=
=
=
1
T
Ans. Ans.
a c
1 (dimensionless)
1 (dimensionless)
A(1)(1)
L(l)(l)
Ans.
J'1
-(ljiiiii=====~=-":"---~~-~~~-----'-
---,,_._,,_._" --~------------~
SOLUTION
d m2
dt
M( L/T2)
ML/T~
dx dt
=
kx
c(L/T)
k(L}
P cos
= wt = (.)t =
WIT)
P( 1)
= = =
=
ML/T2
c k
ML/T2
1 (dimensionless)
W P
= = =
=
MIT
M/T2 1/T ML/T2
ML/T2
1-63* Round off the following numbers to two significant figures. Find the percent difference between each rounded-off number and the original number by using the original number as the reference. (al 0.0153 (b) 0.0347
(c)
0.0566
SOLUTION
% DUf
NR -
NT
NT
(100)
(a)
For 0.015:
-1.961 %
Ans ,
(b)
For 0.035:
Ans.
+0.707 %
Ans.
20
1-64* Round off the following numbers to two significant figures. Find the percent difference between each rounded-off number and the original number by using the original number as the reference.
(a.)
0.8374
(b)
0.4729
(e)
0.6644
SOLUTION
% Diff =
NR - N T NT
(100)
(a )
For 0.84:
0.84 - 0.8374 (100) = +0.310 % 0.8374 0.47 - 0.4729 (100) = -0.613 % 0.4729 0.66 - 0.6644 0.6644
Ans.
(b )
For O. 47:
Ans ,
(c )
For O. 66:
r ioo:
= -0.662 %
Ans.
1-65
Round off the following numbers to two significant figures. Find the percent difference between each rounded-off number and the original number by using the original number as the reference.
(a)
1.8394
(b) 3.4629
(e) 6.7523
SOLUTION
% Diff =
N R - NT (100 ) NT
Ans ,
(a)
For 1. 8:
uco:
= +1.071 A:.
Ans.
(e)
For 6.8:
Ans.
2}
-~--.-.....
.._.
.---.--
._
._"
Round off the following numbers to two significant figures. Find the percent difference between each rounded-off number and the original number by using the original number as the reference.
(a)
3.6544
(b)
7.5638
(c)
8.9223
SOLUTION
% Diff
NR - N
NT
(100)
(a)
For 3.7:
3.7 - 3.6544 (100) 3.6544 7.6 - 7.5638 (100) 7.5638 8.9 - 8.9223 (100) 8.9223
= = =
+1.248 %
Ans.
(b)
For 7.6:
+0.479 %
Ans.
Ans.
(e)
For 8.9:
-0.250 %
1-67* Round off the following numbers to three significant figures. Find the percent difference between each rounded-off number and the original number by using the original number as the reference.
(a)
26.394
(b)
74.829
(e) 55.336
SOLUTION
%
Diff
NR - NT NT
(100 )
(a)
For 26.4:
26.4 - 26.394 (100) 26.394 74.8 - 74.829 (100) 74.829 55.3 - 55.336 (100) 55.336
= = =
+0.0227 %
Ans.
Ans.
{b}
For 74.8:
-0.0388 %
(c)
For 55.3:
-0.0651 %
Ans ,
22.
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
w.
1-68* Round off the following numbers to three significant figures. Find the percent difference between each rounded-off number and the original number by using the original number as the reference.
(a)
374.93
(b)
826.48
(c)
349.33
SOLUTION
% Diff
N
R
-N NT
T
(100)
(a)
For 375:
375 - 374.93 (100) 374693 826 - 826.48 (100) 826.48 349 - 349.33 (100)
349.33
+0.01867 %
Ans.
(b)
For 826:
=
=
-0.0581 %
Ans.
(c)
For 349:
-0.0945 %
Ans.
1-69
Round off the following numbers to three significant figures. Find the percent difference between each rounded-off number and the original number by using the original number as the reference.
(a)
6471.9
(b)
3628.7
(c) 7738.2
SOLUTION
% Diff
::
NR NT
N
T
{100}
(a)
For 6470:
6470 - 6471.9 (100) 6471. 9 3630 - 3628.7 (100) 3628.7 '7740- 7738.2 (l00) 7738.2
::
-0.0294 %
Ans.
(b)
For 3630:
= =
+0.0358 %
Ans.
(c)
For 7740:
+0.0233 %
Ans ,
23
1-70 Round off the following numbers to three significant figures. Find the percent difference between each rounded-off number and the original number by using the original number as the reference. (b) 6748.3 (a) 8521.4 (c) 9378.7 SOLUTION
%
Diff
NR - N NT
T (100)
8520 - 8521.4 (100) 8521.4 6750 - 6748.3 (100) 6748.3 9380 - 9378.1 (100) 9378.7
= = =
1-71* Round off the following numbers to four significant figures. Find the percent difference between each rounded-off number and the original number by using the original number as the reference. (a) (c) 55,129.9 (b) 27,382.6 63,746.2 SOLUTION
%
Diff
NR - NT NT
(100)
&32750 - 631746.2 (100) 63,746.2 271380 - 272382.6 (100) 27,382.6 552130 - 551129.9 (100) 55,129.9
= = =
Ans.
Ans. Ans.
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
1-72* Round off the following numbers to four significant figures. Find the percent difference between each rounded-off number and the original number by using the original number as the reference.
(a)
937,284
(b)
274,918
SOLUTION
%
Diff
N
R
-N NT
T
(100)
(a)
For 937,300:
937,300 - 937,284 (100) 937.284 274,900 - 274,918 (100) 274,918 339,900 - 339,872 (100) 339.872
+0.001707 %
Ans.
(b)
For 274,900:
= =
-0.00655 %
Ans.
(c)
For 339,900:
+0.00824 %
Ans.
1-73
Round off the following numbers to four significant figures. Find the percent difference between each rounded-off number and the original number by using the original number as the reference. (a) 918,273 (b) 284,739 (c) 342,691
SOLUTION
%
Diff =
N R - NT NT
(100)
(a)
For 918,300:
(100) = +0.00294 %
Ans.
(b)
For 284,700:
(100) = -0.01370 %
Ans.
(c)
For 342,700:
(100) = 0.00263 %
Ans.
2S
Find the percent difference between each rounded-off number and the original number by using the original number as the reference.
(a)
624,373
(b)
785,239
(c)
936,491
SOLU'l' I ON
% Diff
624,400 - 624,373 (100) 624,373 785,200 - 785,239 (100) 785.239 936,500 - 936,491 (100) 936,491
=
=
=
+0.00432 %
For 785,200:
-0.00497 %
+0.000961 %
Cl-75 A common practice in rounding answers is to report numbers whose leading digit is 1 to an accuracy of 4 significant figures and all other numbers to an accuracy of 3 significant figures. Although this practice probably started with the accuracy with which slide rules could be read, it also reflects the fact that an accuracy of greater than 0.2 percent is seldom possible. This project will examine the error introduced by this and some other rounding schemes. For each of the rounding schemes below, 1. Generate 20,000 random numbers between 1 and 10. 2. Round each number to the specified number of significant figures. (Note that 3 significant figures is equivalent to 2 decimal places, 4 significant figures is equivalent to 3 decimal places, etc., since all numbers are between 1 and 10.) 3. Calculate the percent relative error for each number. PercentRelError
= 1 Number
- RoundNumber Number
1*100
4. Plot PercentRelError versus Number. 5. Comment on the maximum round-off error and the distribution of round-off error. a. Round all numbers to an accuracy of 3 significant figures. b. Round numbers less than 2 to an accuracy of 4 significant figures and numbers greater than 2 to an accuracy of 3 significant figures. c. Round numbers less than 3 to an accuracy of 4 significant figures and numbers greater than 3 to an accuracy of 3 significant figures. d. Round numbers less than 5 to an accuracy of 4 significant figures and numbers greater than 5 to an accuracy of 3 significant figures.
SOLUTION
Q5 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 0
(~)
27
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
- STATICS,
2nd. Ed.
w.
Cl-75 (Continued)
(b)
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
(e)
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
(<I)
28
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
Cl-76 When engineers deal with angles, they are usually more interested in
the sine or o cosine of the angle than they are with the angle itself. Since sin 5 cos 85 sin 175 sin 1085 0.08716 the rounding of angles requires a different scheme than that described in Problem Cl-75. That is, angles should be rounded to a specified number of decimal places rather than a specified number of significant figures. This project will examine the error introduced by rounding angles to various numbers of decimal places. For each of the cases below, o 1. Generate 20,000 random angles between 1 and 89. (Use a random number generator that produces decimal numbers and not just integers.) Calculate the sine and cosine of each angle, 2. Round each angle to the specified number of decimal places and calculate the sine and cosine of the rounded angle. 3. Calculate the percent relative error for each angle.
I')
= .... =
PercentRelError or PercentRelError
= =
1*100
1*100
4. Plot PercentRelError versus Angle. 5. Comment on the maximum round-off error and the distribution of round-off error. a. Round all angles to an accuracy of 1 decimal place. h. Round all angles to an accuracy of 2 decimal places. c c. Round angles less than 10 to an accuracy of 3 decimal places and angles greater than 10 to an accuracy of 2 decimal places.
0
SOLUTION
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
30
60
90
(a.)
S)J~
x.
21
===..;;.0=.-_", "_"~~~
__
0.4
0_3
0_2
0_1
0 0
30
60
90
(Q.)
0.4
C.os X
Cl-~~
0_3
0_2
coshcl
0_1
0 0
30
60
90
(b)
0.4
cr-zae
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 0 30
60
90
(C) 30
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
C1-77 When two numbers are added or multiplied together, the result is always less accurate than the original numbers. This project will examine the error introduced by rounding two numbers before they are multiplied together. a. Generate 80 random numbers between 4.51 and 5.49 (that is, 5 ± O.l*RND). If any pair of these numbers are rounded to the nearest integer (5) and then multiplied together, the result will be 25. How does this result compare with the correct product obtained by multiplying the original two numbers together? Is the result accurate to the nearest integer? Is the result accurate to less than 10 percent? b. Repeat part a for numbers between 49.51 and 50.49 (50 ± O.Ol*RND). Is the result accurate to the nearest integer? Is the result accurate to less than 1 percent? c. Generate 20,000 random integers between 1 and 49. For each integer N, generate two random numbers which will round to that integer N1
N ± 0.5*RND
N2
versus N. Compare this with the percent relative difference in the original numbers NumDiff SOLUTION
Nl ; N 1*100
10 8 6
4
Cl-Z!ic PI'OdDlff
_ -= _=-:._T
._~~:. .•.
---
10
20
30
40
50
P1tot>.
t» FF.
31
32.
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
w.
26
1-78* The planet Neptune has a mass of 1.03(10 ) k' and a visible diameter (top of the cloud layers) of 4.86(10 ) m. Determine gravitational acceleration g at the top of the cloud layers. SOLUTION gN Gm -_2N rN 6.673(10- )(1.03)(10 = (2.43(107)]2
11 26 )
the
11.6398 mls
~ 11.64 mls
Ans.
1-79* The weight of the first Russian satellite, Sputnik It on the surface of the earth was 184 lb. Determine the force exerted on the satellite by the earth at the low and high points of its orbit which were 149 mi and 597 mi, respectively, above the surface of the earth. SOLUTION From Eq. (1-2): From Table 1-1: rL
F
=
= =
_e_ 2
Gm m
r
m ft
W =g=
184 32.17
5.720 slug
ro
7 2.090(10 ) 7 2.090(10 ,
9
+ hL
+ 149(5280}
23
7 2.169(10 )
ft Ans.
171.2 lb
FH
e -2-
Gm m rH
23
139.3 lb
Ans.
1-80
The plaget Jupiter has a mass of 1.90(10 ) kg and a radius of 7.14(10 ) m. Determine the force of attraction between the earth and ~¥piter when the minimum distance between the two planets is 6 ( 10 ) m.
27
SOLUTION GmemJ
r
F=-2-=
6.673(10-11)(5.976)(1024){1.90)(1027) [6(1011)]2
Ans.
33
-.
__~_.~~~
~ __l_l
On the surface of the earth the weight of a body is 200 lb. At what distance from the center of the earth would the weight of the body be (a) 100 lb? (b) 50 lb? Gm m2
r
1 --
Fr2 r
2 Wr e
e
= =
Gm e m
IWr2/;
n
7 )
F re ft ft
Ans ,
= =
=I
2.96(10
r=~ 50
(2.090)( 10
= 4.18(10
Ans.
1-82* At what distance from the center of the earth would the force of attraction between two spheres 1 m in diameter in contact equal the force of attraction of the earth on one of the spheres? The mass of each sphere is 250 kg. SOLUTION From Eq. (1- 2 ) :
F
=
2 21
Gm m
s
Gm e m s
r
2
4(0.5) (~5~76)(10
· =
0.1546(1012)
Ans.
1-83* The weight of a satellite on the surface of the earth prior to launch is 250 lb. When the satellite is in orbit ~000 miles from the surface of the earth, determine Lhe force of attraction between the earth and the ~~tellite. SOLUTION From Eq. (1-2): From Table 1-1: r F ro
= =
Gm m
r
e 2
m
7
=w s =
250 = 32.17
=
7
7.771 slug
ro + h Gm e m
4.730(10 ) ft
48.9 lb
Ans ,
-~'
~,-'-,
,~~------
ENGINEERING 1-84
MECHANICS
- STATICS,
2nd. Ed.
W. F.
3
A fluid has a dynamic viscosity of 1.2(10- ) N.s/m~. Express dynamic viscosity in U.S. Customary units (lb's/ft ).
SOLUTION
J.!
1. 2 (10
-3
2.51(10-5)
lb's ft2
Ans.
1-85
for eccentric
(J
is
=_
f _ Pey
A I
If P is a force, A is an area, and e and yare lengths, what are the dimensions of stress a and second moment of area I? SOLUTION
ML/T
L2
M/LT2
M/LT2: I
L4
Ans.
the dimension
of c in the dimensionally
homogeneous
in which v is a velocity, m is a mass, t is time, and g is the gravitational acceleration. SOLUTION ct c(T) m = TIi"') = 1 (Dimensionless)
e
MIT MIT
Ans. Ans.
-ct/m]
= LIT
3$
----.
..
-~.-----------~
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
- STATICS,
2nd. Ed.
= =
c(L/T) a(L/T2,
= =
MLIT2 ML/T2
= MIT =M
Ans. Ans.
is a force, P is the density of the fluid, V is the velocity of the body relative to the fluid, and A is the cross-sectional area of the body. Show that the drag coefficient CD is dimensionless. SOLUTION ML/T2 = -~~~------(M/L3)(L/T)2(L2)
(Dimensionless)
Ans.
1-89
Develop an expression for the change in gravitational acceleration Ag between the surface of the earth and a height h when h « R •
e
Gm e
r
2
g + Ag = Gm e
r
2
e
Gm e (r + h)2
e
Therefore:
Ag
= ----
Gm
e
(r + h)2
=
For h « r:
e
Gm h(2r
e
+ h)
=_
g(!h
e
Ans.
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
resultant R and the angle e between the x axis and the line of action of the resultant for the two forces shown in Fig. P2-1.
r.
x Fig. P2-'
s
2
.~
cos 90°
I r - - - - - - - -,;:
:
I
l?
-
+ 2(120}(90)
______
lL"\3
-"
....... 1_ -
)C..
R :: 150.0 lb
From Eq. 2-2: Fz sin ~
it
-1
)iO
)b
f3
::
sin sin
-1
::
::
36.8"7°
R :: 150.0 lb A 36.9°
Ans.
resultant R and the angle e between the x axis and the line of action of the resultant for the two forces shown in Fig. P2-2
b-x
S~ "W
I iN
RZ
:: F
Z 1 2
+ F2 + 2F1Fz cos ~
2
--- -- -:;~ R
:: 60
R ::
+ 54
+ 2(60)(54)
cos 60°
;tI' ~ o
"" ,
.. , "
I
98.77 ~ 98.8 N
sin sin
-1 -1
28.26°
R ::98.8
37
N A 28.3°
Ans.
Fig. P2·]
SOLUTION
~oo lb ......
From Eqs. 2-1 and 2-2:
\
R2
= = =
\-4801b
F~ + F~ + 2FIF2 cos $
480
2
580.48 ~ 580 Ib
-1
f3 = Sln
F2 sin eft
R
= sin
-1
e = f3
2-4
64.03°
Ii!!
64.0°
~=
580 lb A 64.0°
Ans.
Determine the magnitude of the resultant R and the angle e between the x axis and the line of action of the resultant for the two forces shown in Fig. P2-4.
y
200N
Fig. P2·4
SOLUTION
'200 ).J From Eqs. 2-1 and 2-2:
R2
_ ...
F~
+ F~ + 2FIF2 cos ~
2
= =
250
e=
e=
F2 sin eft
R
sin
-1
22.03°
f3 + 14°
22.03° + 14°
36.03°
9!
36.0°
R=
408 N A 36.0°
Ans.
38
6OO1b
FiB-
P2-5
SOLUTION
From Eqs. 2-1 and 2-2:
R
2
1.00
lb
= = = = =
826 lb
f3
8
F2 sin q.
R
30° --------X
-1
SIn
21.:3OQ
51. 30°
5!. 3°
Ans •
2-6*
Determine the magnitude of the resultant R and the angle 8 between the x axis and the line of action of the resultant for the two forces shown in Fig. P2-6.
lOkN
FiB_
P2-6
SOLUTION
1..5 KN
= = =
F~ + F~ + 2FIF2 cos q. 10
2
+ 25
31. 22
kN
9!
kN = SIn
-1
)0
25 sin 60° 31. 22 19.91°
'KN
= e=Bf3 sin
-1
F2 sin
R
43.91°
24
43.91
24
3'
R=
31. 2 kN ~ 19.91°
Ans.
BOOlb
Fig. P2-7
SOLUTION
~=
R2
45° + 60°
=
2
105°
= =
F~ + F~ + 2F1F2 cos ~
600
2
+ 800
R = 866.91 Ib f3 = sin
$
-1
Q(
F2 sin
R
= sin
-1
= 63.046°
R=
867 Ib s, 87.0
Ans.
2-8
Determine the magnitude of the resultant R and the angle e between the x axis and the line of actidn of the resultant for the two forces shown in Fig. P2-8.
y
MON
,~
..
..~, ,
Fig. P2-8
SOLUTION
&2
= = = =
F2 1
= 780
R
+ 650
,
\
,
•
\SCt°
\
---X-
856.99 N sin
-1 F2
IilII
fJ
€I
sin ~
R
sin
-1
59° - fJ = 59 - 46.50
46.50°
.,0
R = 857 N
!b 12.50°
Ans.
-------
----------------------------
w.
Fig. P2-9
SOLUTION
l.oolb
R = 884.39 Ib ~ 884 Ib {3
sin
-1
F2 sin
R
If>
sin
-1
= (3
38.300°
38 = 0.300°
R=
HB4 lb ~ 0.300°
Ans.
2-10* Determine the magnitude of the resultant R and the angle e between the x axis and the line of action of the resultant for tha two forces shown in Fig. P2-10.
y 3S0N
400N
Fi". P2·'O
SOLUTION
.... 50W 3
" ..
Fl + F2 + 2F1F2 cos.
,
-4S·",. __
0
",.
" .. ..
_,,- ~ __ ~
I I
=
R
---=_~ ~
400
+ 350
Q!
458.29 N
sin
-1
458 N
¢I
1 sin 105° = 5in- 350 458.29
(3
I
"
N
Ans.
f3
Fz sin
R
0
= R=
I I
~OO
= f3 - 45
= 47.53° - 45°
2.53°
458 N A 2.53°
"'11
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
- STATICS,
2nd. Ed.
2-11* Determine the magnitude of the resultant R and the angle e between the x axis and the line of action of the resultant for the two forces shown in Fig. P2-11.
~b_x
fig. P2-"
SOLUTION ~ = 180
0 -
tan-
= 120.96
CJ I ~-------11\ R
=
=
/
cos 120.96°
\\
..... - - X \~ .... \ \10 )6
+ 902 + 2(110)(90)
.. ./_/,-~--
&
{3
100.07 lb ~ 100.1 lb
. -1
0 F2 sin $ -1 90 sin 120.96 --&::--- = sin 100.07
= s in
50.46°
R=
100.1 lb ~ 50.5°
Ans.
2-12* Determine the magnitude of the resultant R and the angle e between the x axis and the line of action of the resultant for the two forces shown in Fig. P2-12.
y 170N
Fig. P2-12
SOLUTION
0/
)']0
N.
~ __ 1800 +
tan
-1
12 - tan
-1
R2
=
=
F!
210
F: + 2F1F2 cos •
+
170
+ 2(210)(170)
cos 134.4:
R
{3
151.74 N ~ 151.7 N sm
. -1
'2.\0 N
170
SIn.
= e=
-~R~-
F2 sin
= s rn -1 .
=
=
{3 - 22.62
53.15 - 22.62
Ans,
V!A'b,
Fig. P2-13
SOO
SOLUTION
1J = tan
-1
.4 1
tan
-1
= 54.16° 5
\b .> ....../
,~,~
/
/"
o
= =
:
" Lao lb
'
600
+ 500
2
Q!
= 980.47 Ib
-1
2).80 -------")(.
fJ = sin
F2 sin
R
= sin
-1
::
fJ
46.2
R = 980 Ib ~ 46.2"
Ans.
2-14
Determine the magnitude of the resultant R and the angle e between the x axis and the line of action of the resultant for the two forces shown in Fig. P2-14.
y 180N
1~,
Fig. P2-14
SOLUTION
1> :: 180
0
- tan
-1
tan
-1
0 2 79.70 1=
= 240
+ 180
R f3
= =
324.73 N sin
-1
Q!
Sin
-1
33.050
e=
69.92°
Q!i
69.9°
R=
325 N A 69.9°
Ans.
______
.-
.---.-
__ ~
~--21iD.--~
Fig. P2-15
SOLUTION
81
$2
=
=
tan
-1
21
20.85
32.01
0
SOO
lb 'ZO.!S
- ---0--
tan-
=
From Eq. 2-1:
R2
127.14°
R
t 2F 1F 2
= =
F2 1
+ F2 2
2
800
+ 10002 + 2(800)(1000)
820.96 lb ~ 821 lb
F2
R
0
sin 4>
= Sln
-1
__ 76.170
p + 20.85
76.17 + 20.85
97.02° ~ 97.0°
821 Ib ~ 83.0°
Ans.
82SN
-t-,
6Smm 70mm
740N
Fig. P2-16
SOLUTION 81
°2
o
-1
120 70 120
65
= =
0
28.44
-1
30.260
-
R
'7410 1'1 ...
28.44
...... I
............... ~".............
(3
..... .
81.5 N
= =
F~
+ F~ + 2F1F2 cos $
2
28.~.q° ------)(.
cos 121.30
0
825
+ 740
+ 2(825)(740)
770.64 N ~ 771 N
_ 1 F2
sin 4>
SIn
0•
-5 14°
e=
f3 + 28.44
55.14 + 28.44
R=
771 N A 83.6°
Ans.
------- -,---~~
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
- STATICS,
2nd. Ed.
2-17* Determine the magnitude of the resultant R and the angle e between the x axis and the line of action of the resultant for the three forces shown in Fig. P2-17.
y 800lb
Fig. P2-17
SOLUTION
=
=
=
F- ? F2 + . 2F 1 F 2 cos ~ +2 ~1 1 750
2
+ 800
Rl2
944.41 lb ~ 944 lb
F2 sin Rl2
~1
= sin
-1
WIt - - - - - - -
-"j1: R
r
54.91
Similarly:
R2
=
= = =
-----~---1~,-)b-X Cioo
F! + R~2 + 2F3Rt2 cos
~2
/:
cos 84.91°
Rl2
sin ~2
R
{32
-1
944.41
= 43.72°
R=
1361 Ib ~ 43.7°
Ans.
I
40kN
SOkN
7SkN
.t
Fig. P2-18
SOLUTION R!Z
F! + F~ + 2F1Fz
75
Z
cos ~1 cos
=
=
+ 50Z + 2(75)(50)
9!
70°
R1Z = 103.39 kN
{31
103.4 kN
~1
sin
-1
F2 sin
R12
= sin
-1
50 sin 70 103.39
27.03°
R -4ol<N
Similar ly:
~ 2 = 40° + (70
0 -
(3 )
1
=
RZ
82.97°
~2
=
=
2R1ZF3 Z
cos
--------X
cos 82.97°
~7.o3
= 103.39
R
+ 40
+ 2(103.39)(40)
115.33 kN ~ 115.3 kN
-1
-1
{3z
= sin
F3 sin
R
~2
sin
115.33
20.13°
R=
115.3 kN ~ 67.2°
Ans.
2S kip
Fig. P2-19
SOLUTION
(P
1
?
= = =
__ 0
fn
+ 80° = 155°
R;z
R
lZ
F2 +
1 ,)_2
.... ::J
FZ + 2FIF2 cos 2
?
~1
cos 155
, , ,
@.---)(.
f\ =
=
F2 sin <P1
Rl2
-1
60 sin 155
38.81
= 139.20-
Similar Lv :
HZ
=
= = =
FZ + 3
50
2
. 12
R2
+ 2F 3 R 12 cos 1> 2
2
+ 38.81
51. 27 kip
f:!!
{3z
SIn
-1
F3
sin 1>2
R
So kip
"
"
/'
- - - - - - - RlZ.
\
\@t.
------
-----~
~4J. '20
= sin e
-1
50 sin 110.80°
51. 27
65.74
{31 -
75 + {32
139.20 - 75 + 65.74
129.94° ~ 129.9°
R=
Ans.
lOON
Fig. P2-20
SOLUTION
From Eq. 2-1: 2 R12
7S0N
= = =
cos 105°
R12
786 N
,
I I I
R~
1\ ,
R2
= = =
100
+ 786.382 + 2(100)(786.38)
687.26 N ~ 687 N
-1
(32 = sin
R12
sin ~2
R
= sin
-1
e=
13 2 - 90°
171.86° - 90°
81. 9°
687 N ~ 81.9°
Ans.
Fig. P2·21
SOLUTION
= =
15
R12
(P F2 sin 1
R12
'20 'K'P
.....
,,
= sin
-1
Similar Iv :
~"2 =
R 222
145
R12
~ 1-'1
=
+
2
145
30.32°
.2
114.6H~ ~ 114.7°
= =
+
2
F3
2R12F3
cos
22.76
+ 20
+ 2(22.76)(20)
cos 114.68°
fi2 = SIn
F3 sin
R
</1
2
o
= e=
sin
f11
-1
= 51. 60
f3z - 100
30.32° + 51.60
- 10°
.so
R=
Fig."P2-22
SOLUTION
From Eq , 2-1 :
R12
= =
350
+ 600
+ 2(350)(600)
cos 120
522.02 N ~ 522 N
= =
sin sin
-1
F2 sin <Pl
R12
R ..." ..
0
-1
= 84.50
,,
I
Similarly:
ss« N
<P2 R2
=
= =
180
+ 500
+ 2(522.02}(500)
cos 125.50
R = 468.37 (12
;:
N ~ 468 N
F3 sin <P2
R
sin sin
-1
-1
e -""1 -a
+ ""2 0
84.50° + 60.35°
144.85° ~ 144.9°
R=
SI
468 N ~ 35.1°
Ans.
Determine the magnitude of the resultant Rand the angle e between the x axis and the line of action of the resultant for the three forces shown in Fig. P2-23.
Fig. P2-23
SOLUTION
...500
...
.. .. .. lb
_'l......
@.":::-.__ __
I
__
.. ... ..
...~ n')2.
;/
-)(.
I I
=
R12
700
500
+ 2(700)(500)
cos 95°
'700}b
=
=
824.01 lb ~ 824 lb
sin
= =
37.19°
3so1b
... --
Similarly:
•= Z R=
Z
35°)
F: +
2
QS
2R12F3 cos $2
2
+ 350
+ 2(824.01){350)
cos 177.81°
R = 474.45 Ib
474 Ib
i32
= sin = SIn
-1
F3 sin 1>2 R
-1
sz.
474 Ib ~ 3.81°
Ans.
40kN
Fig. P2-24
SOLUTION
From Eq . 2-1:
F~ + F~ + 2F1F2 cos
~1
R 12
= =
= =
20
+ 50
65.68 kN ~ 65.7 kN
f3 1
-1
SIn
50 sin 45°
65.68
Similarly:
•2 =
R
222
75°
P1
75° - 32.57°
42.43°
40)(W '
, ,
= =
+ 40
Q!
R = 98.96 kN
99.0 kN
-1 -1
F3
sin ¢J2
R
R=
S3
2001b
,oo~
j
":,,;. ~ ~'.; . :
3001b
Fig. P2-25
SOLUTION
e1 = e2 =
e3
<Pl
tan tan
-1 2 -1
= 2 '1 =
T
= tan
-1 1
0 -
'2 =
180
63.43° - 63.43°
=
=
53.14°
= =
= =
300
+ 200
+ 2(300)(200)
cos 53.14°
sin sin
-1
,, ,
I
,"\...........
\ ..
.......
...
-1
500)6 :
20.86°
Similarly:
<P2 R2
= =
90° 2 R12
~1 2
= 90° - 20.86°
2R12F3 2
69.14°
+ F3 +
2
cos
~2
=
R
~2
449.43
+ 500
+ 2(449.43)(500)
cos 69.14°
= =
-1 F3 sin <P2
R +
D
=
=
8-
e1
"'1
"'2
R=
Ans.
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
- STATICS,
2nd. Ed.
2-26* Determine the magnitude of the resultant Rand the angle e between the x axis and the line of action of the resultant for the three forces shown in Fig. P2-26.
Fig. P2-26
SOLUTION
e=
1
-1 3 36.87° 4=
-1 2
82
= = =
"1 =
.. ..
"'150 N
63.43°
e3
(t>
1
-1
£. 5
180°
36.87°
79.70°
-')(..
From Eqs. 2-1 and 2-2: R~2 = F~ + F~ + 2F1F2 cos ~1 = 750 R12 2 + 450
2
+ 2(750)(450)
= = =
941. 11 N ~ 941 N
/31
sin sln
-1
F2 sin
<ttl
I I
R12
-1
".
= =
28.06°
'1 .......
- .. Rrz.
']00
N =
93.27°
Similarly: 2 R2 It>
= = =
180°
- e 1 - e3
- f3 1
cos 93.27°
R = 1140.4
-1 f32 = sin
1140 N R
F3 sin $2
sin
-1
::
37.79°
e = e1
+ 13 1 + 132
ss
= R=
Determine the magnitude of the resultant Rand the angle e between the x axis and the line of action of the resultant for the three forces shown in Fig. P2-27.
Fig. P2-27
SOLUTION
e1
= tan
-1 1
I
1
= 45.00° 18.43°
,
-45
0 ',
,350)b
a2
4>t
-1 = tan tan
-1
:3 = :3
4
e3 =
= 53.13°
500
+ 350
250 )6
= sin
-1
Similarly:
4>2
-_
-_
72.64°
....
=
=
=
83 + 45° - 131
222
cos 72.64°
#2
= e=
sin
F3 sin R
-
~2
16.570°
131 + 132
45°
R=
SOLUTION
e1 =
El El
2
3
-1 -1 -1
4 3
= = =
,
- ---
FiR. P2-28
= = = = = =
1 o
5 2
53.)3'
'250 N
--"A
1>1
Z R12
53.13° + 11.31°
64.44°
F2
750
+ 250
+ 2(750)(250)
cos 64.44°
R12
887.02 N ~ 887 N
SOON
......
sin sin
-1
FZ sin (P 1
R12
31.1&' ......
......
.. .. ..
=
1>2 =
-1
--
..
@Z -
Similarly:
-..:r R ,,
, ,
I
e3
e1
2
R),2.
= 887.02 R
~2
+ 2(887.02)(500)
cos 106.60()
885.10 N ~ 885 N
-1
= sln
F3 sin tP2
R
= sin
-1
= r,
~2
R=
885 N ~ 5.62°
Ans.
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
w.
2-29* Determine the magnitude of the resultant Rand the angle e between the x axis and the line of action of the resultant for the four forces shown in Fig. P2-29.
SOLUTION
,
30°" ....
--cos 50°
3so)b
...... ....
...
= =
R12
i31
sin ~1 -1 F2 = sin R
(,oolb
I
= sin
-1
R34\~
Similarly: ~2 = 180
0
\, ,
\
,,
, 0
_ 200
30
= 1300
,, ,
\
~O __ )(
cos 130°
= = =
i3z
....
-1
100.56°
......
S8
~3 = =
&
222
360° - 80° - f3 1 -
P2
150.00°
= =
+ R31 + 2R12R31
2
COS ~3
545.42
+ 467.54
+ 2(545.42){467.54)
cos
150
= 272.75 Ib ~ 273 Ib
-1 = sin
F31
sin 4>3
R
0
{33
= sin
-1
= 58.99°
= f31 + {33
9!
30°
=
R=
30°
= 58.43°
273 Ib ~ 58.4°
Ans.
Fig. P2-30
SOLUTION
'750 )4.
~1 =
= =
=
~1
+ 7502 + 2(600)(750)
!Ii£
cos 85°
.... 400
..
,,
..
R12
1000.47' N
1000 N
____ .1&.1.,0 ~
~ ~~
500
=
=
sin sin
-1
F2 sin
R12
4>1
--
""
l?)~
,
4IiIL
II
- - - - - - - - - -~
"
R)23
-1
Similarly:
R~Z3
=
=
:
+ 500
+ 2(1000.47)(500)
cos 113.31°
R123
fJz
924.69 N ~ 925 N
sin
-1
F3 sin R
123
~2
SIn
. -1
~o
= = =
~1
~2
173.54
R2
=
R
R:23 + F! + 2R123F4
924.69
2
cos
~3
cos
+ 4002 + 2(924.69)(400)
;w
173.54°
= = =
529.15 N
-1
529
.o4ooN
f33
sin sin
-00
F4 sin <P3
R
-1
=
-
4.88°
-,
-------')C.
31..7[0
e=
__ 0
+ f31
~2
f33
29.77° 4.88°
@~
= =
__ 0
-00
+ 48.31°
0
-41.34
Q!
-41.3° Ans.
R=
529 N ~ 41.3°
1.1
Fig. P2-31
SOLUTION
From the law of sines: Fu sin 35° Fu FV
:::
..1;, ....
750 sin 100°
:::
:::
Fv SIn 45°
)GO
:::
... <.
,, ,,'
3j_......
:-'IS·
._... ..,
.-l\S0 .....rts«
lb
"
437 lb 539 lb
:::
:::
, Fu....
2-32* Determine the magnitudes of the u and v components of the lOOO-N force shown in Fig. P2-32.
V \
-,
=»: \/~D
\ -------1
Fig. P2·32 /,0\
lOOON
-------u
)000
SOLUTION
From the law of sines: F
u
:::
1;,
Fv sin 50° sin 80° sin 50°
sin 80° Fu Fv
:::
- __ -_ - - -if.
/9°\
o jo
;I'
SOo
'
\
\
\
1286 N 1000 N
SOo,,
:::
:::
Fl.l..
~'2.
ENGINEERING 2-33
MECHANICS
Determine the magnitudes of the u and v components of the 850-1b force shown in Fig. P2-33.
'..
.... '
,...
...
30"
l.
\"
• 8.501b
fig. P2-33
F u,
\ \
v
0
sin 30
= = =
850
)b
Fv
I
2-34
Determine the magnitudes of the u and v components of the 1500-N force shown in Fig. P2-34.
I~
(-~--------.
1.500N
fi~ P2-34
,....~~ __
1500 sin 60° 1673 N 1225 N
sin 75°
F
u
= = =
?S~
"'15'0
,
,
.... f\l.
,
I
I I I
= =
Fv
Fv
1.3
are applied
R=6001b
to a bracket as shown in Fig. P2-35. The resultant R of the two forces has a magnitude of 600 lb. and the angle between the line of action of the resultant and the y-axis is 28°. Determine the magnitudes of forces' 11 and P' v .
fig. P2-35
SOLUTION
From the law of sines:
F
u
1..00
)6
sin 65°
F
u
sin 29°
600
sin H6°
= =
600
sin 86°
600
SIn 86°
2-36*
rv
are applied
to a circular plate as shown in Fig. P2-36. The resultant R of the two forces has a magnitude of 900 N. and the angle between the line of action of the resultant and the x-axis is 30°. Determine the magnitudes of forces F and , .
u v
fig. P2-36
SOLUTION
From the law of sines:
F
u
= ----
900
Fu
F
=
=
900 N
466 N
.,
= -~'--900
ENGINEERING MECHANICS - STATICS, 2nd. Ed. 2-37 Two ropes are used to tow a boat upstream as shown in Fig. P2-37. The resultant R of the rope forces Pu and' v has a magnitude of 400 lb and its line of action is directed along the axis of the boat. Determine the magnitudes of forces Pu and Pv . SOLUTION
F
u
-,
<,
Fig. P2·37
'v
sin 40°
F
u
Fv sin 30°
ll,
Fv =
2-38
Two cables are used to support a stoplight as shown in Fig. P2-38. The resultant R of the cable forces Pu and' v has a magnitude of 1350 N and its line of action is vertical. Determine the magnitudes of forces' u and'. v
uRI
-,
i;~
jF.
Fip. Pl-J8
.1
SOLUTION
F
u
= 1350
sin 36.87°
F F
u
,,
..,
= =
~5
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
- STATICS,
2nd. Ed.
Fig. P2-39
SOLUTION
F
u
sin 47,73° Fu =
F
sin 82.88°
=
Q
sin 47.73
= =
707 Ib 948 lb
sin 82.88°
fv
2-40* Two forces , u and rare v applied to a bracket as shown in Fig. P2-40. If the resultant R of the two forces has a magnitude of 375 N and a direction as shown on the figure, determine the magnitudes of forces Fu and Fv .
R .. 37SN
Fig. P2-40
SOLUTION
v 375 = _......;:;..:.....:;_-= ----sin 42.27° sin 70.35° sin 67.38°
u
"37SN
F
I.,
ENGINEERING 2-41
MECHANICS
A 2000-1b force is resisted by two pipe struts as shown in Fig. P2-41. the component Determine
8
of
of
sin 45°
= =
.... ,
B
I
,=
u
Fu
1464 lb
Ans ,
I
,,
If\,
,,
I
I I
Fv
= =
1793 lb
Ans ,
II'v
45°
ENGINEERING 2-42
MECHANICS
- STATICS,
2nd. Ed.
A 750-N force is resisted by two pipe struts as shown in Fig. P2-42. Determine the component
c
F=750
of
the force along the axis of strut AC and the component' strut BC.
v
of the
Fv sin 45°
sin 63.43°
707 N
7SoW
F. u = 707 N
F
v
45°
sin 45°
Ans ,
= =
750
559 N
\ \
Fv
559 N ~ 63.4°
Ans ,
"
y
R
of the
three forces is 5000 lb. has a magnitude of 3000 lb, determine the magnitudes of forces'2 and'3'
'1
'<
Fig. P2-43
SOLUTION
For the system of forces:
$000
\b
R = r1
F2
+' 3
= r 1 + R23
of forces '1:
3000
)b
...
..
+ 3000
2(5000)(3000)
cos 75°
5122 lb
=--- =
sin 75°
f3
= 1=
F2
<X -
24°
<X
74°
= =
34.45 74
24 = 10.45°
34.45 5122
39.55°
sin 1 F2 = F3
F3 sin f3 5122
sin 1 = sin f3
sin 39.55
4257.5 Ib ~ 4260 Ib
Ans. Ans.
sin 130
sin 10.45
= 1212.7 Ib ~ 1213 Ib
'"
of the three If
forces is 5000 N.
the force has a magnitude of 1000 N, determine the magnitudes of forces '2 and
'1
'3'
Fig. P2-44
SOLUTION
For the system of forces:
R23
1000 --:
11000
+ 5000
2(1000)(5000)
cos 50°
4424
R23
sin a
sin 50°
-1
sin
9.970
fl = 25° - a = 25 - 9.97
'I
=
F2
20° + a F3
20 + 9.97
= =
0
15.03° 29.97
0
--sin fl F2
sin 1 4424
0
= =
sin fl
sin 15.03
= =
1622 N
Ans.
F3
sin 1 =
sin 29.97
3125 N
Ans.
70
the x and
scalar
~ Fig. P2·45
SOLUTION Fx
F
y
= =
F cos $ x F sin
= ex =
= =
692.8 lb 400 Ib
9!;
693 lb
Ans. Ans.
2-46* Determine
y
F= 1650 N
Fig. P2·46
SOLUTION Fx
= =
F cos Elx
= = =
=
_
697.3 N 25°)
£it
697 N
Ans.
F sin $ x
Qj
1495 N
Ans ,
71
)(
Fy
= =
F cos $ F Sln
= e )( =
)(
= =
Ans. Ans.
2-48
scalar
-,.
Fig. P2-48
SOLUTION
F )(
cos
e
e
)(
F sin
)(
= = =
= =
Ans.
72
2-49* Determine
--------
22D
---I I I t I I
.t
F =475 Ib
Fig. P2·49
SOLUTION Fx
= =
cos
ex =
Fy
sin
= ex = =
= =
-440.4 lb
QI!
-440 Ib
Ans.
2-50* Determine
the x and
scalar
~---~---------x
I
<.
F=200N
Fig. P2·50
SOLUTION
F
x
= =
F cos
ex =
Fy
F sin
= ex = =
167.73 N
Qj;
167.7 N
Ans.
-108.93 N ~ -108.9 N
Ans ,
73
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
2-51
Determine
L{_,
Fig. P2-51
F=2501b
SOLUTION
F F
x y
= =
F cos
ex =
ax =
250(4/5) 250(3/5)
= 200 lb
Ans. Ans.
F sin
150 lb
2-52
Determine
'~~~'------JC
Fig. P2-52
SOLUTION
Fx
Fy
= =
F cos $x F sin
= ex =
10(-1115) 10(2/{5)
= =
-4.472 kN ~ -4.47 kN
8.944 kN ~ 8.94 kN
Ans. Ans.
k------JI
f~
I
I
F .. 300lb
Fig. P2-S3
SOLUTION
F
x
= F cos
ax =
300(2//5) 300(-1/(5)
=
=
268.3 lb ~ 268 lb
Ans. Ans.
Fy
F sin
ex =
-134.16 lb ~ -134.2 lb
'11
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
w. F.
in Fig. P2-54.
--------F
,I
= 675 N
I I I I
Fig. P2-S4
SOLUTION Fx Fy
= =
F cos F SIn
ex = ex =
675(-5/(29) 675(-2/129)
= =
-626.7 N -250.7 N
Q!:
-62'7 N -251 N
Ans. Ans.
Q!:
2-55* For the force shown in Fig. P2-55 (a) Determine the x, y, and z scalar components of the force. (b) Express the force in Cartesian vector form.
F .. l0001b
Fig. P2-SS
SOLUTION (a) F xy
F
F
z
x
(b)
,=
y
= = = =
= =
= =
cos sin
~
1
e= e=
= =
-582.6 Ib 694.2 Ib
Q!:
Q£
-583 Ib 694 lb
-583
+ 694
+ 423 k
'IS
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
2-56* For the force shown in Fig. P2-56 (a) Determine the x, y, and z scalar components of the force. (h) Express the force in Cartesian vector form.
i-:
-"--.::-.,v
....... I, I~
F .. 900N
-y
Fig. P2-56
SOLUTION (a) F xy
F
z
= = = =
F cos til
= =
737.2 N 516.2 N
;t
516 N
Q£
Fx
F
( b) v
= e=
369 N
,=
369 t + 638
1+
516
2-57
For the force shown in Fig. P2-57 (a) Determine the x, y, and z scalar components of the force. (hI Express the force in Cartesian vector form.
y
~
F .. 750 Ib
Fig. P2-57
SOLUTION
(a)
F xy
F F
z x
= = = =
F F F
557.36 lh
Q£
cos
Fy (b)
F xy sin -335
= 750 sin (_42°) = -501.8 Ib e = 557.36 cos (180° _ 53°) = e = 557.36 SIn (180° 53°) =
445
-502 Ib -335.4 Ih
Q£
445.1 Ih ~ 445 Ib
P=
1+
1-
502
Ib
7'
ENGINEERING MECHANICS - STATICS, 2nd. Ed. 2-58 For the force shown in Fig. P2-58 (a) Determine the x, y, and z scalar components of the force. (b) Express the force in Cartesian vector form.
I I I I I I I I
I
I
300
I I
<>:
~...
/ 37°~
-- ----=-~ ;
L"
]C
---
--7
"
Fig. P2-58
SOLUTION (a) F xy Fz Fx
= =
cos tP
=
=
=
=
237.5 N 411.4 N
!IIi
F sin tP F xy cos
Fxy
411 N
9i: !IIi
(b)
= Fy = r=
sin
e= e=
2-59* For the force shown in Fig. P2-59 (a) Determine the x, y, and z scalar components of the force. (b) Express the force in Cartesian vector for••
Fig. P2-59
SOLUTION
(a)
Ix
y2
z2'
/(6)2
+ (10)2
(8)2'
Fx Fy Fx (b) ,
=
= =
=
ex =
ey
=
=
ez =
(14.~42) + 339 i
339 Ib
255 i + 424
7'1
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
- STATICS,
2nd. Ed.
Fig. P2-60 (a) Determine the x, y, and z scalar components of the force. (b) Express the force in Cartesian vector form.
Fig. P2-60
SOLUTION
(a)
= = = =
I
F
y2
+ z2 21 21
(_1)2
(_2)2
+ (3)2
3.742
Fx
F
F
y
F cos cos
ex = ey = ez =
b~;42) (3~;42)
= =
F cos
(b)
= - 5.61 1 - 11.22
J+
16.84
kN
2-61
For the force shown in Fig. P2-61 (a) Determine the x, y, and z scalar components of the force. (b) Express the force in Cartesian vector form.
F= 1S001b
t I I
_ iz n
~-_-.L/
17ft
--------..j --------/
:
y
;4ft
Fig. P2-61
SOLUTION
(a)
d
F
x
~_4)2
+ (12)2 + (7)2
1209
14.457 lb ~ -415 Ib
fl!
F F
y
x
= = =
ex = ey = ez =
= =
-415.03
1245.09 Ib 726.30 Ib
Q;;
1245 Ib
= X
726 Ib
(b)
r=
-415 1 t 1245
+ 726
Ib
78
ENGINEERING MECHANICS - STATICS, 2nd. Ed. 2-62 For the force shown in Fig. P2-62 (a) Determine the x, y, and z scalar components of the force. (h) Express the force in Cartesian vector form.
~----
/ 1m
/:",~_1.5m
-~==~" J!
I I
I
~"--+-~
I I
-Y
12•75m
I I I I
I
F=62SN
Fig. P2·62
SOLUTION (a) d Fx
F
y
=
=
cos
F cos F cos
ax = ay = az
625(-1/3.2882) 625(1.5/3.2882)
= =
-190.07 N 285.1 N
IilIIi
IilIIi
-190.1 N 285 N
IilIIi
Fz
=
=
= 625(-2.75/3.2882) = -192.82 N
-192.8 N
(h) ,
-190.1 i + 285
1-
192.8 i N
77
Pl'
'1
in
y
.t
Fig. P2-63
SOLUTION
(a)
d1
F
= .; = = = = =
• 2 2 /2 x2 + Yl + z 1 cos cos
• + (3)2 + (7)2
Ix
Fl
e 1x = e ly = e lz =
= = =
-556.99 Ib ~ -557 Ib 278.49 Ib ~ 278 Ib 649.82 Ib ~ 650 Ib .... .... + 278 J + 650 i Ib
Fly
Fl
F lz
Fl cos
(b)
Fl
Fix
-557
3
Ans.
(e)
d2
~x~
+ y~ + z~ +
9.00 ft
ez
....
-6.... = -g 1 9.695
-6....
6.... 3e J +9I
3....
=-
27
2.... 1e J +3I
+ 9.695 J + 9.695
cos a = 81- 82 = (a
30.73 ~ 30.7
Ans ,
80
ENGINEERING MECHANICS - STATICS, 2nd. Ed. 2-64* Two forces are applied to an eyebolt as shown in Fig. P2-64. (a) Determine the x, y, and z scalar components of force'1 • (b) Express force '1 in Cartesian vector form. (c) Determine the angle a between forces '1 and '2' SOLUTION (a) dt F1x F1y
Ftz
= = = = =
Ix~
F1 cos
e 1x =
25.35 kN
QI
25.4 kN
= =
e 1z =
5.07 kN
(b) (c)
=
= =
+ Y2 + z2
...
1
4.123 m
e2
4.123
+ 4.123 J + 4.123
-3....
81
cos
(X
... = 81'
82
Ans.
81
-~----.-------.
..
ENGINEERING 2-65
MECHANICS
- STATICS~
2nd. Ed.
Two forces are applied to an eyebolt as shown in Fig. P2-65. (a) Determine the x, y, and of z scalar components force (b) Express
'2'
force
'2
in
of the rectangular
'1'
'2
x Fig. P2-65
= = = = =
Ix~
, + Yz + Zz
2 2
= t( -6) z = = =
,
+ {6)2 + (3)2 -466.7 Ib
IjlE'
9.00 ft
Ans •
F2x
FZy Fzz (b) Fl
e 2x = e 2y = e 2z =
-467 lb
466.7 lb 233.3 lb
a!
467 lb 233 lb
Ans. Ans.
a!
F2x i + F2y
1+
Flz i
-466.7 i + 466.7
1+
233.3 i lb
Ans .
~ -467 i + 467
+ 233 i Ib
(c)
d1
,..., 8
t
= =
Ix~
+ Y1 +
z
Zt
I( -6) 2 +
(3) 2 + (7)2
9.695 ft
Fn
,.
2
602 lb
Ans ,
82
ENGINEERING 2-66
MECHANICS
- STATICS,
2nd. Ed.
Two forces are applied to an eyebolt as shown in Fig. P2-66. (a) Determine force 1'2' (b) Express force 1'2 in Cartesian (c) Determine vector form. the magnitude the x, y, and
z scalar components of
'1'
'z
Fig. P2-66
d2
=
=
xz
Z i II I( + yz + z2 __ 2) z+ (_ 3 )z + (2) i
Fz cos e 2x = 50(4.~23)
F2 cos
= 24.25 kN ~ 24.3 kN
e 2y = =
50 (4~i23J 50
= =
-36,38
kN ~ -36.4
(4. i23)
i
24.25 kN ~ 24.3 kN
(b) F2
F2x 1 + F2y
+ F2~
24.25 1 - 36.38
+ 24.25 i kN
~ 24.3 i - 36.4
J =
+ 24.3
kN
Ans ,
(c) dt ....
81
=
=
+ Y~ + z~
1
5.916 m
Fn
= F2, 81 =
+ 24.25(5.~16)
Ans ,
83
of action of the resultant and the x-axis for the two forces shown in Fig. P2-67.
."_-~"------,1"
»:
=
F2=3751b
Fig. P2-67
SOLUTION
Rx
F1 F1
cos 81 +
F2
cos 82
574.8 lb 620.5 Ib
Ans , Ans .
Ry =
R= !R:
e=
tan
= =
!t574.8)2 tan
-1
+ (620.5)
-1
.s.
Rx
620.5 574.8
47.19°
Q!
of action of the resultant and the x-axis for the two forces shown in Fig. P2-68.
Fig. P2-68
SOLUTION
Rx Ry
=
=
Fl
Fl
400 cos 60° + 300 cos 45° 400 sin 60° + 300 sin 45°
=
=
412.1 N 134.28 N
Ans ,
R= 8
!R:
+ Ry
= /(412.1)2
+ (134.28)2 = 433.4 N
(;!Ii
433 N
= tan
-1
.s:
R
x
tan
-1
Ans.
8i
ENGINEERING 2-69
MECHANICS
Determine angle
the magnitude
ex
Fl
= 6RO III
of action of the resultant and the x-axis for the two forces shown in Fig. P2-69.
F,
"~"V./_~_2
Fig. P2-69
---x
SOLUTION Rx Ry R
= =
=
Fl cos
e1 e1
2
+ F2 cos + Fz sin
IR~
tan
Fl sin
e2 = e2 =
2
= =
+ Ry
1(-55.89)
-1
879.99 Ib ~ 880 lb
ex
-1
.s. = R
tan
878.21 -55.89
93.64° ~ 93.6°
it = 880 Ib
2-70 Determine angle the magnitude R between the line
86.4°
Ans.
ex
of action of the resultant and the x-axis for the two forces shown in Fig. P2-70.
x Fig. P2-70
SOLUTION Rx
R
y
= =
cos e 1 + F 2 cos
Fl sin
e 1 + F2 sin
R2
y
e2 = e2 =
160(-1/{5)
+ 180(4/5)
72.45 N
R = /R:
+
-1
= ~72.45)2 tan
-1
+ {251.11)2
261. 35 N ~ 261 N
Ans ,
ex
= tan
.x = R
Ans.
NA
it = 261
73.9°
Ans.
85
-_._--_--
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
2-71* Determine
the magnitude
of the resultant and the angle 8 x between the line of action of the resultant and the x-axis for the three forces shown in Fig. P2-71.
Fig. P2-71
= 600 cos 60° + 700 cos 15° + 800 cos 30° = 1669.0 lb
R
y
=
R
/R:
+ &2 = /(1669.0)2 y
+ (300.8)2 = 1695.9 lb
iii!
liiII
= tan
10.22°
= 1696 Ib A 10.22°
Ans.
8'
and the
of action of the resultant and the x-axis for the three forces shown in Fig. P2-72.
:
I I I
I
,r
rx···
45·
F]= 12kN
14kN
Fig. P2-72
SOLUTION
R
x
Fl cos 8 1
0
F2
cos 82
t
0
F3
cos 83
0
= 11 cos 75
R
y
+ 14 cos 30
+ 12 cos 45
F3
23.46 kN
= F1
SIn
1
0
+ F2 sin 8 2 +
+ 14 sin 30
.' 2
0
sin
e3
0
= 11 sin 75 R=
8
12 SIn 45
/R:
-1
+
R
R2
= 1(23.46) = tan
-1
= tan
.s.
21. 30
R = 25 .2 kN
21. 3
Ans ,
87
ENGINEERING 2-73
MECHANICS
w.
Determine
the magnitude
of the resul t arrt and the angle $x between the line of action of the resultant and the x-axis for the three forces shown in Fig. P2-73.
SOLUTION
Rx
F1 cos
a1 a1
F2
cos
a2 e2
+ F3 cos
$3
=
Ry
=
= =
729.00 lb
= = =
F2
sin
+ F3 sin
284.34 Ib 782.49 Ib
!ill
+
R
R2
782 Ib
Ans. Ans.
ax =
.s: = R
x
R=
782 Ib A 21. 3°
Ans.
88
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
- STATICS
2nd. Ed.
I(
of action of the resultant and the x-axis for the three forces shown in Fig. P2-74.
_____ :~yV
S 7~
I
~_1
--x
I I
e2
+ F3 cos 93
Fl
sin
e1
+ (2.917)2
3.686 kN ~ 3.69 kN
Ans.
Ans ,
ex
.x
R
x
= tan
-1
Ans.
87
Determine the magnitude R of the resultant and the angle 8x between the line of action of the resultant and the x-axis for the three forces shown in Fig. P2-7S.
Fa,",200lb
--_._--~~J
FJ =400 Ib
Fig. P2-7S
SOLUTION
R
x
= = = =
= =
226.79 lb
R=
8
x
=
-1
R x = tan
-1
.,-2....:26:;.....-1--:-9
R=
-,=-,.
of action of the resultant and the x axis for the four forces shown in Fig. P2-76.
Fig. P2·7&
SOLUTION
Rx
= =
=
Fl cos
e1
+ F2 cos 62 + F3 cos
e3
+ F4 cos 64
=
=
3.065 kN
= =
IR~
tan
-1
+ R2 = ~3.065)2 y
R
+ (15.473)2
=
SI!
15.774 kN 78.8°
Q!;
78.795°
15.77 kN A 78.8°
Ans.
Cfl
~~-.--~.
ex
of action of the resultant and the x-axis for the four forces shown in Fig. P2-77.
Fig, P2-77
SOLUTION
Rx
= = = = =
F1
cos
e1
F2
cos
e2
F3
cos 83 +
F4
cos 84
-412.82 Ib
Ry
sin 81 + Fz sin 82 +
F3
sin 83 t
F4
sin 84
2415.24 Ib
x
-1
+ R2 y
R
1'(-412.82)2 + (2415.24)2
-1
2450.27 Ib ~ 2450 Ib
Ans.
Ans.
ex =
tan
_r _
- tan
2415.24 -412.82
=
R=
2450 Ib ~ 80.3°
Ans.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Fz=20kN
ex , e y
and
ez
of action of the resultant and the positive x-, y-, and zcoordinate axes for the two
y
SOLUTION R x = F1 cos Ry Rz R
e 1x e 1y e 1z
+
+ F2 cos
+
e 2x
= 10 cos 67° + 20 cos 90° = 3.907 kN 10 cos 90° + 20 cos 60° 10 cos 23° + 20 cos 30°
+
!iii!
= =
F2 cos
e 2y =
=
=
•
10.000 kN 26.526 kN
+ F2 cos
R2 z
e 2z =
+ R2 y
=
-1
/(3.907)2
(10.000) 28.6 kN
+ (26.526)2
= 28.62 kN
ex = ey =
ez =
-1
R R R
cos
-1
-x R
R
= cos
-1
-1
cos
-1 26.53 28.62
22.0°
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
e )( , e y
and
ez
of action of the resultant and the positive x-, y-, and zcoordinate axes for the two forces shown in Fig. P2-79.
y
Fig. P2·79
SOLUTION Rx
F1 cos
+ F2 cos $2 cos
t
e2
113.10 Ib
= F1 cos
+ F2 cos
S1n
e2
113.10 Ib
Fl cos
e1Z
+ Fz sin
$2
R :: !R=
+ R z = ~113.10)2
t Q!
•
Ans.
=
ex
;:
279.48 Ib
cos cos
-1
x R
;:
-1
66.1° 66.1°
Ans.
Ans ,
ey = ez
-1
-x
R
;:
Q!
= cos
-1
-x R
;:
229.19 279.48
34.91° ~ 34.9°
Ans.
e x , ey ,
and
ez
line of action of the resultant and the positive coordinate axes for the three
Fig. P2-80
SOLUTION
d
1
/(Z)2
+
2
(_2)2 2
+ (3)2
(f7 yZ9
r;v:;
d2 Rx
f(Z)
F1 F1 F1
+ (3) + (4)
2'
=
= = =
e1x ety
+ F2 cos
e2X
= = =
Ry
Rz
R
F2
cos
e2y =
et z
y
+ F2 cos
e 2z =
!R:
+ R2 + R2 =
z
I( 9.535) 2 +
18.764 kN 9.535 18.764
!iIf:
= ex = ey
cos
-1
Rx R Rx
x
cos
-1
Ans.
Ans,
-1 - = cos = cos R
-1
!iIf:
ez =
cos
-1
= cos
-1
30.55°
l¥
Ans.
ex , ey ,
and
ez
between the
line of action of the resultant and the positive X-, y-, and zcoordinate axes for the three forces shown in Fig. P2-81.
y
SOLUTION
dt d2
R
R R
x
122
ffg
350(-2/122) + 450(-3/{29) 350(-3/722) + 450(2/729)
= I( -3) 2 +
= =
Ft
cos
e 1)( e 1y e lz
e 2x = e 2y = e 2z =
-399.93 Ib -56.73 lb
Ft cos
= Fl cos
/R~
R2 ~ R2 + z y
= =
-1
+ (-110.39) 2 Ans.
419 lb
Ii!!
€l
= cos
= cos cos
-1
-x = R -x = R -x = R
R
R
= =
:=
162.76° 97.79°
Q;
162.8
ey
-t
-1
97.8°
!ilf
ez =
-1
-1
105.28°
105.3°