1

Burmese - Karenni
Lexicon

;ygl;Kgl;K lkugoJg
bkdfg'ku ;fgcf sf afgdfh;kyg
'ku

jrefrmcufqpft"dyg` ,u
f kd u&ifev
D dk
bmomjyefaompmpk

lrkGg bdflkHh ndJl;K rfhoJg-oGheHhnGh

lrkGg zJhbdf jfgryg rfhjuh-
afgdfh;kyg lrkGg;kHgbdJh ;yg;kGg aKgbygjyg
jfgkJg
bkFhqkyhoJg sfg-2007 ( 2007 )

pkaqmif;a&;om;ol - xJb;l zJ
ppfaq;wnf;jzwfðyjyifol - u&ifet D rsL;d om;pmayaumfrw
D D
xkwaf 0onfEh pS f -2007

2
jkGkJemy jfg r dJh -

1/ kJemy jfgrdJh ifrf[Hg jkHgrGg [t fg [dJ qfh afgdfh;kyg 'kuzkK,kfh

sf bkdfg'ku zkK,kfh [t rfhbf ugsJg odthkKsdtg jfgkJg sf fg bdfrfh juheGgzkdu
qfh ;ygafgdfh ;ygl;Khhg rfhl;K jfgkJg/
2/ kJemy jfgrdJh afgdfh;kyg lrkGg;kHgbdJh ;yg;kGg aKgbyhjyg jfgkJg [t
Ggiyh zJhbdf jfgryg juheGgzkdu qfh ;ygl;Kg rfhl;K sf fg'ku ;fgcf [t ;ygl;K
lkugoJg bkdfg'ku ;fgcf sf afgdfh ;kyg'ku [t ;yg dJhjfg[dJ (wtky)f fgaHh/
3/ kJemy jfgrdJh bkxtlrHh bkxtlrkG [t fg lkugoJg;kdth lkJ qfh
zyodfg. zyoJg. zyskxth sf zy;kdfg iyh jfgkJg fgjkGg kJeGg fg'ku jfg;kfh sf
fg'ku ;fgcf/
44/ kJemy jfgrdJh lrkGgzkdf aKgldHgjtg (computer) iyhjfgkJg [t Ggiyh
jfgryg eJgsdthzkdu qfh ;ygl;K lkugoJg bkdfg 'ku;fgcf sf afgdfh ;kyg'ku [t
aKgldHgjtg fgaHh nHh at bkJgoJgeG ;yg dJh jfg[dJsdtg/
5/ kJemy jfgrdJh ifrf vHg sG;kKg.lrkGgzkdf aKgedHgjtg [t fg eJgsdth
-zkdu ;yglrkul;K [t aKgedHgjtg fgaHh.bkFhjuh eGgzkdu bkdfg;yg l;Kgl;K sf
jfgrygzkdu ;yg[dJ fga;Kh/

3
Preface
jkGg b Jg ' ku-
[t ;ygl;Kglg ;K lkugoJg bkdfg'ku ;fgcf sf afgdfh;kyg 'ku dJh jfg[dJ
(wtky)f fgaHh sdtg rfhoJg lrGjF bkdfg'ku [t atlkugoJg fg;fgcf sf afgdfh;kyg
'ku rK fg lkdfh fg cGh sf ;kfh'ku [t bkdfg'ku ug afgdfh;kyg 'ku ugjug jfgkJg
lrG/ bfg fg bkJgjJh kJbfg afgdfh;kyg lrkGg;kHgbdJh sdtg Gjfgayg Ggiyh kJeGgzkdf
bkdfg'ku rK fg ;ug rfhoJglkauh oJg[duh bkdfg'ku lfhjug jfgskJg nHhsdtg lrG/
;kfh'ku [t bkdfg'ku ug afgdfh;kyg 'ku ugjug jfgkJg fgpJh sdtgbfg juhlkugoJg
fg'ku ;gfcg f fgiGh sf afgdfh;kyg 'ku fgiGh lrG/ nHhat lkugoJgeG fg'ku ;fgcf fgiGh
sf afgdfh;kyg 'ku sdtg eGgbdf fg'ku ;fgcf [t fg nFg sf bkdfg'ku. aHh;fh'ku
sf afgdfh;kyg 'ku fg;fgcf sdtg lrG/ jFsdtg jdthjug afgdfh;kyg lrkGg;kHgbdJh
;yg;kGg aKgbyhjyg sdtg fg [dJzkdu jkGgjfgskJg sf jkGgiGl;Kg juheGgakath rK
jF lkugoJgeG fg;fgcf fgiGh lrG/
fgrKK-v#ypf pf ]cyg;yg/ (fg kdfh [t cyg;ygeK jfgadJh)/
vmwf ]emyjGh/ (fg kdfh [t emy jfgadJh)/
aZmf*sD ]zKemybkyg lrkug/ (kdfh [t etu[kf jkGg,kF jfgadJh)/
"gwf ]cyxy/ (jkGgomkuhodfg [FgjGh [t xyaHh jfgadJh)/
avmu"gwf ]kJgvHgcyxy/ (jkGgomkuhodfg [FgjGh [t kJgvHg skJvHg xyaHh
jfgadJh)/
a&'D,kd ]cyg;yg';mkuh/g ([t l;mkuhoJg sf cyg;yg)/
odyH` ]cyg;ygiG/ (jkGgomkuhodfg [t bKarkKh cyg;ygeK jfgadJh)/
&lyaA' ]bkKeuhcyxy/ (jkGgomkuhodfg [t jfgbkK oKzmyg jfgadJh)/
&kuaQ A' ]skJa;kKcyxy/ (jkGgomkuhodfg [t lrkGg;kHg. iwKgqGg. kJgvHg
skJa;kK jfgadJh)/
"gwq f D ]sfgbyg vkatgodJh/ (omkuhodfg [t sfgbygodJh jfgadJh)/
eHygwf ]bfjuh/ ([t ;kJbkJgbf fgpJh jfgadJh)/
atmfvH ]cyg;ygjF/ (bkJglrkfg oJg;kdth sf cyg;yg jfgadJh)h /
&kyjf rifo=H um; ]bdfodJg skykath cyg;ygl;mkuh/ ([t l;mkuhoJg sf cyg;yg
jfgadJh)/
iyh jfgkJglrG/

4
 [t ;yg dJh jfg[dJ(wtky)f fgaHh ;kfh'ku [t lkugoJg fg;fgcf fgiGhsdtg fg ugG
;uh lrG/ rK fg ;fcfiGh dJh jfgkJgsdtg aygrfhsdth [t ;yglrkuaHh kJbfg rfhl;Kjkt
sf 'kuGbmkyh. 'kuGbmkyh [uhjku. 'kubkJgjkGg. 'kubkJgefh. 'kul;kduhoFh sf
'ku,kH iyh jfgkJgbfg fg zkdf lrG/ jfg[tgrK fg ;fgcf oJgiGh dJh jfgkJg sdtg
eGgktbdf rK eGgjkuhsky lrG/
;yl;Kglg ;K lkugoJg bkdfg'ku ;fgcf sf afgdfh;kyg 'ku dJh fg[dJ(wtky)f
sdtgbfg fg ;tefh;fh kyjug/ jfg[tgrK ;kJsKhJg vuhpkf sf vuhpkf bfg fg sky lrG/ nHh
at ;tefh sdtg eJgsdth efhodfglku jfgayg sf jfgayg bfg fg ;tefhodfg [Fglkfh lrG/
vuhpkfdJh afgdfh ;kygnH fgjkGg kJeGg sdtgbfg Gjfgayg fg sKhJg cyh[df sf
bkdfg'ku lrG/ pJhlkfhbfg afgdfh ;kyg'ku cybkJ zkdflkfh lrG/ nHh afgdfh
;kygnH at sKhJg zkdfsky fg'ku . nHh afgdfh ;kygnH fg'ku at cybkJ jug sdtg
fg pJh rK jF rfhoJg lrG #;ygl;Kgl;K lkugoJg bkdfg'ku ;fgcf sf afgdfh;kyg
'kuEdJh jfg[dJ lrG/

5
 ;yg , kHh ; kdth
rmwd u m
jkGgrJg jkGgadfh ;ygefg bfjuh
1/ afgdfh;kyg ;ygl;Kgbkxt sf bkdfg ;ygl;Kgbkxt
[t fg lrkfgoJg idf;Hh --- 6
toHxu G w f =l uaomu&ifeAD sO;f tuQ&mESijhf refrmAsO;f tuQ&mrsm; --- 6
2/ afgdfh;kyg ;ygl;Kg lrkfgbkxt sf bkdfg ;ygl;Kg
lrkfgbkxt [t fg lrkfgoJg idf;Hh --- 6
toHxu G w f =l uaomu&ifeo D &tuQ&mESijf refrmo&tuQ&mrsm; --- 6
3/ afgdfh;kyg ;ygl;Kgl;K sf bkdfg ;ygl;Kgl;K
[t fg lrkfgoJg idf;Hh jfgkJg --- 7
toHxu G w f =l uaomu&ifepD mvk;H wGEJ iS jhf refrmpmvk;H wGrJ sm; --- 7
4/ 'ku [t fg lrkfgoJg vu;Hh jfg[tgrK Hh sKhJg idfh;Hh
fg'ku ;fgcf --- 20
5/ ;ygl;Kgl;K lkugoJg bkdfg'ku ;fgcf sf afgdfh ;kgy'g ku --- 31
jrefrmcufqpft"dyg` ,u f u
dk &ifev
D b dk momjyefaompmpk --- 31
bkdfg ; yg l;Kg b kxt---;yg e fg bfjuh
jref r mtuQ & m----------pmrsuf E S m
u ----- 31 x ----- 59 o ----- 106
c ----- 36 ' ----- 62 [ ----- 113
* ----- 39 " ----- 64 t ----- 114
C ----- 41 e ----- 65 T ----- 129
i ----- 41 y ----- 69 { ----- 129
p ----- 43 z ----- 74 O ----- 129
q ----- 48 A ----- 78 OD; ----- 130
Z ----- 51 b ----- 79 . ----- 131
ps ----- 52 r ----- 82 =o ----- 131
Om ----- 52 , ----- 88 I ----- 131
n ----- 52 & ----- 90 Y ----- 131
X ----- 53 v ----- 95 ÁajENN ----- 131
w ----- 54 0 ----- 103
6
 afg d fh ; kyg ;yg l ;Kg b kxt sf bkdfg ; yg l;Kg b kxt [t fg lrkfg o Jg
idf;Hh jfg k Jg
toH x G u f w l = uaomu&if e D A sOf ; tuQ & meS i f h j ref r m AsOf ; tuQ & mrsm;
afgdfh;kyg bkdf afgdfh;ky bkdfg
;ygl;Kgbkxt ;ygl;Kgbkxt ;ygl;Kgbkxt ;ygl;Kgbkxt
a= u s= e
v= c l= y
x= *C n= z
'= i b= r
w= p [kf = ' "
c= q ekf = b A
,kf = Z ps d= & ,
p= n-O ;= v
j= w m= 0
o= x i= o
k= [
iyh jfgkJg lrG/

afg d fh ; kyg ;yg l ;Kg lrkfg b kxt sf bkdfg ; yg l ;Kg lrkfg b kxt
[t fg lrkfgoJg idf;Jh jfgkJg/
toH x G u f w l = uaom u&if e D o m&tuQ & mES i f h jref r mom&tuQ & mpmvk H ; rsm;
afgdfh;kyg ;ygl;Kg bkdfg;ygl;Kg afgdfh;kyg ;ygl;Kg bkdfg;ygl;Kg
lrkfgbkxt lrkfgbkxt lrkfgbkxt lrkfgbkxt
f= t tf = twf tyf
y= td ty = tifh
u= tkhd tu = tkwf tkyf tkhH
G= tJ fkf = trfh tefh
G: = tuf iyh jfg kJg lrG/
H= tk
J= ath
K= atm
7
tT = tku
d f
fktT = tkid hf
tY= O
tU = tdwf tdyf
tI = atmuf
fktI = atmifh

afg d fh ; kyg ;yg l ;Kg l ;K sf bkdfg ;yg l ;Kg l ;K[t

fg lrkfgo Jg idf;Hh jfg kJg/
toHxGufwl=uaom u&ifeDtuQ&mpmvkH;wGJESifh jrefrmtuQ&mpmvkH;wGJrsm;
a =;ygl;Kgl;K-
af =u amtT: =uGKd uf akGg =u,f
ay =ud amtT =uGKd ifh akty =upf unf
au: =udhk aty =uifh amG =uGJ
aG =uJ atu =ukwf ukyf amG: =uGuf
aG: =uuf akf =urfh uefh amJ =auGh
aH =uk akty =unfh upf amkGg =uG,f
aJ =au aktu =ukrhf ukehf atf=uyf uwf
aK =aum amf =uG amtf =uGyf uGwf
atT =udu
k f amkf =uGrhf uGehf
aktT =ukid hf amy =uGd
atU =udwf amty =uGihf
aktU =udrhf udehf amtu =uGwf uGyf
atI =aumuf amkty =uGnf uGpf
aktI =aumif amktu =uGrhf uGehf

v ==;ygl;Kgl;K-
vf =c vty =cifh vmkGg =cG,f
vtf =cyf cwf vtu =ckyf ckwf vmtT: =cGKd uf
vy =cd vkf =crfh cefh vmtT =cGKd ifh
vu =cdhk vkty =cpf cnf
8
 vG =cJ vktu =ckrhf ckehf
vG: =cuf vmf =cG
vH =ck vmtf =cGyf cGwf
vJ =ach vmty =cGihf
vK =acg vmy =cGd
vtT =cku
d f vmtu =cGyf cGwf
vktT =ckid hf vmkty=cGpf cGnf
vtU =cdyf cdwf vmktu=cGrhf cGehf
vktU =cdrhf cdehf vmJ =acGh
vtI =acguf vmG =cGJ
vktI =acg ifh vmG: =cGuf

x ==;yl;Kgl;K
xf =8 xtU =8dyf 8dwf xmJh =a8G;
xtf =8yf 8wf xmktuh =8Gr;f xK =a8g
xkug =8k%f xktug =8kH
xktTh =8k%
d ;f xktuh =8k;H

' =;ygl;Kgl;K-
'f =i 'G =iJ 'G: =iuf 'H =ik 'tu =ikyf ikwf
'tf =iyf iwf 'sG =iSJ 'sG: =iSuf 'tI =aiguf 'ty =iifh
'sf =iS 'u =idhk 'tT: =idu
k f 'ktI =aigihf 'kty =ipf inf
'stf =iSyf iSwf 'J =aih 'ktT =ikid hf 'mf =iG 'ktu =idrhf idehf
'y =id 'K =aig 'tU =idyf idwf 'mJ =aiGh 'mktu =iGrhf iGehf
'mty =iGihf 'mtu =iGyf iGwf 'stT =iSKud f

w =;ygl;Kgl;K-
wf=p wtT: =pdu
k f wtU =pdyf pdwf wmG: =pGuf
wtf =pyf pwf wktT =pdik hf wktU =pdrhf pdef wmtTg =pG,f
wG =pJ wt:I =apmuf wmf =pG wmG =pGJ
wy =pdd wktI =apmifh wmtf =pGyf pGwf
9
 wu =pkhd wty =pifh wmkf =pGrhf pGehf
wH =pk wtu =pkyf pkwf wmty =pGihf
wJ =aph wkf =prfh pefh wmtu =pGyf pGwf
wK =apm wkty =ppf pnfh wmkty =pGpf pGnfh
wG: =puf wktu =pkrhf pkehf wmktu =pGrhf pGehf

c =;ygl;Kgl;K-
cf =q ct:T =qku
d f cktu =qkrhf qkehf cmkty =qGpf qGnf
ctf =qyf qwf cktT =qkid hf cmf =qG cmktu =qGrhf qGehf
cG =qJ ctU =qdyf qdwf cmy =qGd
cy =qd cktU =qdrhf qdehf cmJ =aqhG
cu =qkhd ctI: =aqmuf cmG =qGJ
cH =qk cktI =aqmifh cmtTg =qG,f
cJ =aqh cty =qifh cmtf =qGyf qGwf
cK =aqm ctu =qkyf qkwf cmtu =qGyf qGwf
cG: =quf ckty =qpf qnfh cmty =qGihf

p =;ygl;Kgl;K-
pf =n ptT: =ndKuf pkty =npf nnf ptu =nKyf nKwf
ptf =nyf nwf pktT =ndKifh psf =nS pktu =nKrfh nKefh
pG =nJ ptU =ndyf ndwf pstf =nSyf nSwf pmktu =nGrhf nGehf
py =nd ptI: =anmuf psy =nSd psmktu=n$rhf n$ef
pu =nd pktI =anmifh pG: =nuf pktU =ndrhf ndehf
pJ =an pty =nifh psktI =anSmifh
pG: =nuf ptu =nKyf nKwf pskty =nSpf nSnf
pH =nK pkf =nrfh nefh pmtu =nGyf nGwf
pK =anm pkJ =ndrhf ndehf psmtu =n$yf n$wf

j =;yl;Kgl;K-
jf =w jt:T =wku
d f jktu =wkrhf wkehf jmtT =wGuf
jtf =wyf wwf jktT =wkid hf jkf =wrfh wefh jktTg =wG,f
10
 jG =wJ jt:I =awmuf jmf =wG
jG: =wuf jktI =awmifh jmtf =wGyf wGwf
jy =wd jty =wifh jmty =wGihf
ju =wdhk jtu =wkyf wkwf jmtu =wGyf wGwf
jH =wk jtU =wdyf wdwf jmktu =wGrhf wGehf
jJ =awh jktU =wdrhf wdehf jmkty =wGpf wGnf
jK =awm jkty =wpf wnf jmJ =awGh

o =;ygl;Kgl;K-
of =x otT: =xku
d f omf =xG
otf =xyf xwf oktT =xkid hf omty =xGihf
oG =xJ ot:I =axmuf omtu =xGyf xGwf
oG: =xuf oktI =axmifh omkty =xGpf xGnf
oy =xd oty =xifh omktu =xGrhf xGehf
ou =xkhd otu =xkyf xkwf omJ =axhG
oJ =axh okf =xrfh xefh omtT =xGuf
oH =xk okty =xpf xnf omtf =xGyf xGwf
oK =axm oktu =xkrhf xkehf omy =xGd

s =;ygl;Kgl;K-
sf =e stT: =eku
d f ssf =ES smf =EG
stf =eyf ewf sktT =Ekid hf ssty =ESihf smty =EGihf
sG =eJ st:I =aemuf sskty =ESpf ESnhf smJ =aEGh
sG: =euf sktT =aemifh ssK =aESmh smtf =EGyf EGwf
sy =ed sty =eifh sstI =aESmifh smtu =EGyf EGwf
su =Ekhd stu =eKyf eKwf ssJ =aESh smtTTg =EG,f
sJ =aeh skf =erfh eefh ssktu =ESKrfh ESKefh smktu =EGrhf EGehf
sH =Ek skty =epf enfh sstU =ESyd f Edw
S f smG =EGJ
sK =aem sktu =eKrfh eKefh ssG =ESJ smkty =EGpf EGnhf
sstI: =aESmuf ssG: =ESuf

11
l =;ygl;Kgl;K-
lf =y ltU =ydyf ydwf ldty =ysihf lkdK =ajym
ltf =yyf ywf lktU =ydrhf ydehf ldtu =ysLyf ysLwf lkdtT =jydLifh
lG =yJ lmf =yG ldH =ysL lkdtT: =jydKuf
lG: =yuf lmG =yGJG ldG =ysJ lkdtU =jydyf jydwf
ly =yd lmtT: =yGKd uf ldG: =ysuf lkdtI =ajymifh
lu =ydhk lmJ =ayGh ldt:T =ysLdk uf lkdtI: =ajymuf
lJ =ayh lmy =yGd ldtT =ysLid hf lkdtu =jyKyf jyKwf
lH =yk lmty =yGihf ldK =aysmh lkdty =jyifh
lK =ayg lmtu =yGyf yGwf ldtI: =aysmuf lmkdf =jyG
ltT =ydu k f lmkty =yGpf yGnhf ldtI =aysmifh lmkdtu =jyGyf jyGwf
lktT =ykid hf lmktu =yGrhf yGehf lkdf =jy lmkdty =jyGihf
ltI =ayguf lmtTg =yG,f lkdtf =jyyf jywf lmkdtf =jyGyf jywf
lktI =aygihf lmktT =yGKd ifh lkdG =jyJ lmkdtug=jyGrf jyGef
lkf =yrfh yefh lmG: =yGuf lkdG: =jyuf
lty =yifh ldf =ys lkdy =jyd
ltu =ykyf ykwf ldy =ysd lkdu =jydKh
lkty =ypf ynfh ldu =ysLd h lkdH =jyK
lktu =ykrhf ykehf ldJ =aysh lkdJ =ajyh
lmdf =ysG lmdtu =ysw G f lmdG =ysJG

n =;ygl;Kgl;K-
nf =z ntU =zdyf zdwf ndJ =azsh nkdty =jzifh
ntf =zyf zwf nktU =zdrhf zdehf ndH =zsKK nkdtu =jzKyf jzKwf
nG =zJ nmf =zG ndtT =zsKd Kifh nkdJ =ajzh
nG: =zuf nmty =zGihf ndtT: =zsKd Kuf nkdH =jzK
ny =zd nmtu =zGyf zGwf ndtU =zsyd f zswd f nkdtT =jzdKifh
nu =zkhd nmtf =zGyf zGwf ndK =azsm nkdtT: =jzdKuf
nJ =azh nmG =zGhJ ndtI =azsmifh nkdtI =ajzmifh
nH =zk nmG: =zGuf ndt:I =azsmuf nkdtI: =ajzmuf
nK =azg nmtTg =zG,f ndtf =zsyf zswf nkdK =ajzm
12
 nkf =zrfh zefh nmy =zGd ndty =zsihf nmkdf =jzG
nty =zifh nmu =zGhH ndtu =zsKKyf zsKKwf nmkdJ =ajzGh
ntu =zkyf zkwf nmJ =azGh nmdf =zsG nmkdtu =jzGyf jzGwf
nkty =zpf znfh ndf =zs nmdty =zsiG hf
nktu =zkrhf zkehf ndtf =zsyf zswf nmdJ =azsG
ntT =zku
d f ndG =zsJ nkdf =jz
nktT =zkid hf ndG: =zsuf nkdtf =jzyf jzwf
ntI =azguf ndy =zsd nkdy =jzd
nktI =azg ifh ndu =zsKd Kh nkdG =jzJ

b ==;ygl;Kgl;K-
bf =r bskty =rSpf rSnhf bkdf =jr
btf =ryf rwf bmf =rG bkdtf =jryf jrwf
bG =rJ bmtf =rGyf rGwf bkdty =jrifh
bG: =ruf bmty =rGihf bkdtu =jrKyf jrKwf
by =rd bmtu =rGyf rGwf bkdu =jrdKh
bu =rkhd bmkty =rGpf rGwf bkdy =jrd
bJ =arh bmktu =rGrhf rGehf bkdG =jrJ
bH =rk bsmf =r$ bkdJ =ajrh
bK =arm bsmJ =ar$h bkdK =ajrm
bkf =rrfh refh bdf =rs bkdtT =jrdLifh
bty =rifh bdtf =rsyf rswf bkdtT: =jrdKuf
btu =rkyf rkwf bsdf =r# bkdtI =ajrmifh
bkty =rpf rnfh bdty =rsihf bkdtI: =ajrmuf
bktu =rkrhf rkehf bdtu =rsKKyf rsKKwf bkkdty =jrpf jrnfh
btT =rku d f bdG =rsJ bkkdtu =jrKrfh jrKefh
bktT =rkid hfT bdu =rsKd Kh bmkdG: =jrGuf
btI =armuf bdy =rsd bmkdG =jrGJ
bktI =armifh bdtT =rsKd Kifh
bsf =rS bdtT: =rsKd Kuf
bsG =rSJ bdtI =arsmifh
13
 bsJ =arSh bdtI: =arsmuf
bstI =arSmuf bdG: =rsuf

[ =;ygl;Kgl;K-
[kf =' " [ktT ='kid hf [kkmty ='Gpf 'Gnhf
[ktf ='yf "gwf [ktT: ='duk f [kkmtu ='Grhf 'Gehf
[kG ='J [ktI =a'gihf [kmtTg ='G,f
[ky ='d "d [ktI: =a'guf
[ku ='dhk [kkty ='pf 'nfh
[kG: ='uf [kktu ='krhf 'kehf
[kJ =a'h [kmf ='G
[kK =a'g [kmty='Gihf
[kty ='ifh [kmtu ='Gyf 'Gwf
[ktu ='kyf 'kwf [kmG ='GJ

e =;ygl;Kgl;K-
ekf =b A ektT =bkid hf ekkmty =bGpf bGnhf
ektf =byf bwf ektT: =bku d f ekkmtu =bGrhf bGehf
ekG =bJ ektI =abmifh ekmtTg =bG,f
eky =bd ektI: =abmuf
eku =bdhk ekkty =bpf bnfh
ekG: =buf ekktu =bkrhf bkehf
ekJ =abh ekmf =bG
ekK =abg ekmty =bGihf
ekty =bifh ekmtu =bGyf bGwf
ektu =bkyf bkwf ekmG =bGJ
eug; =Akv
d f eH =bk
d =;ygl;Kgl;K-
df =& dky =,d dmf =&G
dkf =, &rfh dku =,khd dmtf =&Gyf &Gwf
dtf =&yf &wf dkJ =a,h dmG =&GJ
14
 dktf =,yf ,wf dkK =a,m dmG: =&Guf
dkkf =,rfh ,efh dkty =,ifh dmJ =a&Gh
dG =&Jh dtu =&kyf &kwf dmty =&Gihf
dG: =&uf dtT =&dik hf dmtT =&GLifh
dkG =,J dtT: =&ku
d f dmtT: =&GLu
d f
dkG: =,uf dtI =a&mifh dmtTg =&G,f
dy =&d dtI: =a&muf dsmf =&$
du =&khd dktu =,kyf ,kwf dkmf =,G
dJ =a&h dktT =,kid hf dkmty =,Gihf
dK =a&m dktT: =,ku d f dkmtu =,Gyf ,Gwf
dty =&ifh dktI =a,mifh dsmJ =a&$h
dH =&k dktI: =a,muf dsmty =&$ihf

; =;ygl;Kgl;K-
;f =v ;sG =vShJ ;df =vs
;tf =vyf vwf ;sG: =vSuf ;sdf =v#
;kf =vrfh vefh ;sJ =avhS ;dty =vsihf
;G =vJ ;sty =vSihf ;sdty =v#ihf
;G: =vuf ;stu =vSKyf vSKwf ;dy =vsd
;y =vd ;skty =vSpf vSnhf ;du =vsKd Kh
;u =vdhk ;mf =vG ;sdu =v#Kd Kh
;J =avh ;smf =v$ ;dK =avsm
;H =vk ;mG =vGJ ;dtI =avsmifh
;K =avm ;mG: =vGuf ;dtI: =avsmuf
;sf =vS ;my =vGd ;skdty =v#pf v#nhf
;ty =vifh ;mty =vGihf ;dH =vsKKh
;tu =vkyf vkwf ;mtu =vGyf vGwf ;sdu =v#Kd Kh
;kty =vpf vnfh ;kmty =vGpf vGnhf ;sdtI =av#mifh
;ktu =vkrhf vkehf ;kmtu =vGrhf vGehf ;sdtI: =av#muf
;mtTg =vG,f ;mJ =avGh
;tU =vdyf vdwf ;ktU =vdrhf vdehf
15
m =;ygl;Kgl;K-
mf =0 mtT =0kid hf mty =0ifh
mtf =0yf 0wf mtT: =0du k f mkty =0pf 0nfh
mG =0J mtI =a0gihf mktu =0krhf 0kehf
mG: =0uf mtI: =a0guf mstT: =0SKd uf
my =0d mktT =0dik hf msktT =0SKd ifh
mu =0dhk mktI =a0gihf mkf =0rfh 0efh
mH =0k mtu =0kyf 0kwf mf: =0Hh
mJ =a0h mtU =0dyf 0dwf
mK =a0g mktU =0drhf 0dehf
mkf =0rfh 0efh msJ =a0Sh
i =;ygl;Kgl;K-
if =o itu =okyf okwf imty =oGihf
itf =oyf owf iktu =okrhf okehf imtu =oGyf oGwf
ikf =orfh oefh itT =odik hf imG =oGJ
iG =oJ itT: =odu k f imG: =oGuf
iG: =ouf iktT =okid hf imJ =aoGh
iy =od itI =aomifh imktu =oGrhf oGehf
iu =odhk itI: =aomuf imy =oGd
iJ =aoh iktI =aomifh imtTg =oG,f
iH =ok itU =odyf odwf
iK =aom iktU =odrhf odehf
ity =oifh imf =oG
ikty =opf onfh imtf =oGyf oGwf

k =;ygl;Kgl;K-
kf =[ ktT =[kid hf kmtT =[GKid hf
ktf =[yf [wf ktT: =[ku
d f kmtT: =[GKd uf
kkf =[rfh [efh ktI =a[mifh kmG: =[Guf
kG =[J ktI: =a[muf
kG: =[uf ktU =[dyf [dwf
16
 ky =[d kktU =[drhf [dehf
ku =[dhk kkty =[pf [nfh
kH =[k kktu =[krhf [kehf
kJ =a[ kmf =[G
kK =a[m kmJ =a[Gh
kty =[ifh kmty =[Gihf
ktu =[kyf [kwf kmtu =[Gyf [Gwf

z =;ygl;Kgl;K-
zdf =us zdty =usihf zkdJ =a-uh
zdtf =usyf uswf zdtu =usKKyf usKKwf zkdK =a-um
zdG =usJ zmdf =uGs zkdty =-uifh
zdG: =usuf zmdty=usiG hf zkdtT =-udKKifh
zdy =usd zmdtu =usyG f uswG f zkdtT: =-udKKuf
zdu =usKd Kh zmdJ =aushG zkdtU =-udyf -udwf
zdJ =aus zmdG =usJG zkddtU =-udrhf -udehf
zdK =ausm zmdy=usGd zkdtI =a-umifh
zdtT =usKd Kifh zmkdty =uspG f usnG hf zkdtI: =a-umuf
zdtT: =usKd Kuf zmdtTg =us,
G f zmkdf =-uG
zdtI =ausmifh zmddtu =usrG hf useG fh zmkdty =-uGihf
zdtI: =ausmuf zkdf =-u zmkdy =-uGd
zdtU =uDsyf usw d f zkdtf =-uyf -uwf zmkdJ =a-uGh
zddtU =usrd hf used hf zkdG =-uJ zmkdtTg =-uG,f
zddf =usrhf usehf zkdG: =-uuf zmkdG =-uGJ
zddty =uspf usnhf zkdy =-ud zmkdG: =-uGuf
zddtu =usKKrfh usKKefh zkdu =-udKKh zmkdtu =-uGyf –uGwf

cdf =;ygl;Kgl;K-
cdf =&S cdtT =&SKd Kifh
cdtf =&Syf &Swf cdtT: =&SKd Kuf
cdty =&Sihf cdtI =a&Smifh
17
 cdtu =&SKKyf &SKKwf cdtI: =a&Smuf
cdy =&Sd cdtU =&Syd f &Sw
d f
cdG =&SJ ckdtU =&Srd hf &Sed hf
cdG: =&Suf cdtTg =&S,f
cdu =&SKd Kh csmdJ =a&$h
cdJ =a&Sh csmdty =&$ihf
cdK =a&Sm
ckdf =&Srhf &Sehf
ckdty =&Spf &Snhf
ckdtu=&SKKrf &SKKefh
cdH =&SKK

zcf ;ygl;Kgl;K-
zcdf =cs zcmG =csJG zckdtI: =ajcmuf
zcdtf =csyf cswf zcmG: =csu G f zckdu =jcdKh
zcdty =csihf zcmJ =acshG zckkdty =jcpf jcnfh
zcdtu =csKKyf csKKwf zcmu =csrG hf cseG f zckkdtu =jcKrfh jcefh
zcdG =csJ zcmy =csdG zcmkf =jcG
zcdG: =csuf zckdf =jc zckmtf =jcGyf jcGwf
zcdy=csd zckdtf =jcyf jcwf zckmty =jcGihf
zcdu =csKd Kh zckdty =jcifh zckmy =jcGd
zcdJ =acs zckdtu =jcKyf jcKwf zckmG =jcGJ
zcdK =acsm zckdG =jcJ zckmtu=jcGyf jcGwf
zcddf =csrhf csehf zckdH =jcK zckmJ =ajcGh
zcddty=cspf csnhf zckdy =jcd zckmu =jcGhH
zcddtu =csKKrfh csKKefh zckdG: =jcuf zcmtu =csyG f csw
G f
zcdH =csL zckdJ =ajch zckdK =ajcmifh
zcmf =csG zckdK =ajcm
zcmtf =csyG f csw
G f zckdtT =jcdKKifh
zcmty =csiG hf zckdtT: =jcdKuf

18
 afg d fh ; kyg ;yg l ;Kg l ;K sf bkdfg ;yg l ;Kg l ;K [t fg lrkfg
idf;Hh jfg k Jg /
fkyg =T etu[kf =yk'< fgxtf =tm*~~
sstT =Y ltucwfg =ykpm> fjtfeKh =twWabm
fkK =-o myltf =0dygwf fjtfkyjf =twW[w d
dkJ =I ltubf =yk'rf okfglfgskfg =Xmyem
fkJ ={ tYltusJ =Oykoaf eh fokfbf =tXr
jfgrJckfg =w&dpm> ef ltugskfh =ykÀm; tuafgotf =OuUX
ekJg[kf =aA' ltugifg[kfg =yko
H ¿mef aH;fifgbGxtf =ukvor*~
;G:vfgskfg =vuQ%g fgbdHjJg =tjrKaw
[ktf ="gwf dHglfgdtug =&lyg&Hk
muotY=0xWK dJgcdHvry =a,&k c&pf
zkdug; =j8dKKvf ptfHhdtfg =nOfOh ;D ,H
sG:vf =euQ wG:dfgjfgdfh=puf,E &W m;
fotulfjy =txWKywWd bkfhjfgdfheJg[tyg =rE &W m;aA 'if
my[Hgrf =0d'&l cdtygifgbfgskJg =&Sio f mra%
[tuvf ='kuQ Gvfgdkfg =tuQ&m
;ktyg=vdif kybfmtugjkfg =[dr0 E mW
itfjoH =owWK mtuo =0Éf
mJgifgjrfg =a0om E &W m fkJgatfgjf ={u E W
ekfkugd =A[d&k f fgatfgjkH =tm8E KW
jtTafgiug; =wuUov kd f y =Á
itfjfgmkfg =owW0g fktyiGg ={nfo h nf
afgdfh;kyg l;Kgl;K sdtg rfhlrkfgoJg sf bkdfg ;ygl;Kgl;K bfg
fg lrkfgoJzkdf ;kKh lrG/ jfg[tgrK afgdfh;kyg ;ygl;Kgl;K sf bkdfg;yg
l;Kgl;K [t fg lrkfgoJg idf;Hh sdtg eGgJg bfgsky lrG/ bfg fg bkJgjyhjJh kJbfg
bkdfg ;ygl;Kgl;K fgjkGg lrkfgoJg sf fg'ku ;fgcf sdtg fg kdfh nHh [t fg;kGh
dJhsdtg lrG/-
bkdfg ;ygl;Kgl;K [t fg Jg fg'ku ;fgcf sf ;ygl;Kg [tvdJh;t jfgl;Kg-
fgrK-
a-umif ]odu/
19
 a-umuf ]iJcJh/g fg Jg fg'ku ;fgcf sf ;ygl;Kg [tvdJh;t =uf sf =if sdtg lrG/
cspf ]bkugsky/
csnf ];dtg/ fg Jg fg'ku ;fgcf sf ;ygl;Kg [tcdJh;t =pf sf =nf sdtg lrG/
urf; ]odJhoFh/
uef; ]bygiGg;Gh/ fg Jg fg'ku ;fgcf sf ;ygl;Kg [tvdJh;t =rf; sf =ef; sdtg lrG/
xkyf ]eug/
xkwf ]ndJoJgadfh/ Jg fg'ku ;fgcf sf ;ygl;Kg [tcdJh;t =yf sf =wf lrG/
bkdfg ;ygl;Kgl;K [t fg Jg fg'ku ;fgcf sf lrkfg(o&) jfgkJg/
fgrK-
av; ]odtg/
vif; ]fg;yh/ fg Jg fg'ku ;fgcf sf lrkfg(o&) a=; sf =if; sdtg lrG/
-uyf ]jfgzdJh/
usyf ]rFh jfgeGg/ fg Jg fg'ku ;fgcf sf lrkfg(o&) -= sf =s sdtg lrG/
uduk f ]ffg/
udik ;f ]iwKgndfh/ fg Jg fg'ku ;fgcf sf lrkfg(o&) =du
k f sf =dik ;f sdtg lrG/
bkdfg ;ygl;Kgl;K [t fg Jg fg'ku ;fgcf sf ;ygl;Kgbkxt(AsO;f ) jfgkJg/
fgrK-0uf ]odf/
vuf ]jfgvHg/ fg Jg fg'ku ;fgcf sf ;ygl;Kgbkxt(AsO;f ) 0 sf v sdtglrG/
av; ]okxtg/
a0; ],kdJg/ fg Jg fg'ku ;fgcf sf ;ygl;Kgbkxt(AsO;f ) v sf 0 sdtglrG/
auG; ]jfgakKg/ [fvKh/
acG; ]omyg/ fg Jg fg'ku ;fgcf sf ;ygl;Kgbkxt(AsO;f ) u sf c sdtg lrG/
bkdfg;ygl;Kg sdtg ayg eJgodfg fg;Gg(toyf) [t ;ygl;Kgbkxt(AsO;f ) fgvHg
kJsdtgbfg ;ygl;Kgbkxt sdtg jfgl;K bfg fg omkuhodfgadfh lrkfg(o&) lrG/
fgrK -uf =,f =yf =wf =ef =rf iyh jfgkJg lrG/
afgdfh;kyg ;ygl;Kgl;K sf bkdfg;ygl;Kgl;K [t fg lrkfgoJg idf;Hh dJhsdtg
rfhlrkfgoJg lrG 'ku [t fglrkfg[fh;t(fg lrkfgodfg;t) sdtg lrG/ aygiJ
bkJglrkfg;kdfg(bkJglrkfgzkdug) fg kJbfg [t afgdfh;kyg ;ygl;Kg sdtg
juheJgsdth -g . -h iyhlrG/ [t bkdfg;ygl;Kg sdtg juheJgsdth =m / =mf / =: =/ =l / =D
iyh sdtg jfgkJg lrG/

20
 'ku [t fg lrkfgoJg vu;Hh jfg[tgrK Hh sKhJg idf;Hh fg'ku
;fgcf/
afgdfh ;kygnH fg;kfh fg'ku fgjkGg kJeGg lrkfgoJg bfg fg idf;Hhjug/ jfg[Kh sf
jfg[Kh jfgbth sf jfgbth fgjkGg kJeGg lrkfgoJg bfg vuvdJh;Hh lrG/ jfg[Kh [Kh bfg fg
kJeGg zmygzkGskfg jfg[Kh[Kh bfg kJeGg lrkfgcdug lrkfgcKh cyl;F cycdJg. jfg[Kh[Kh
bfg kJeGg zmygodfg jfg[Kh[Kh bfg kJeGg zmyg;kdfg lrG/ afgdfh ;kygnH ;kKhl;yh
fgjkGg sKhJg ;ygl;Kgbkxt bfg fg idf;Hh jfg[tgrK fg sKhJg lrkfg sdtgbfg fgvu;Hh
jFrK kJeGg lrkfgoJg vuvdJh;Hh lrG/ bfg fg bkJgjJh kJbfg afgdfh ;kygnH 'ku sdtg
rfhbf sf ;yg;kGgjug [t fg afg;Hlfh rKjF kJeGg lrkfgoJg vu;Hh lrG/
sky[fh jkfhjkfh afgdfh jfglrkGg fgjkGg kJeGg sdtgbfg vuhpkf fglrkfgoJg
jfgztg cdJhlkfh fglrkfgoJg jfgztg lrG/ ayg kJ fgrK bfg-vuhpkf fg kJ sf qfh iG,kF
cdJhlkfh fgkJ sf qfh iJ,kF nHhsdtg lrG rR K WiGW sf WiJWbfg fgjkfh sf fg'ku
;fgcf idf;kHh lrG/
vuhpkf fg kJ sf qfh bdfodJg cdJhlkfh fg kJ sf qfh bGotg nHhsdtgrK
#bdfodJg$ sf #bGotg$ bfg fg 'ku;fgcf idf;Hh lrG/ vuhpkf fg kJ sf qfh
l;mkuhadfh jkGiF cdJlkfh fg kJ sf qfh l;kduhadfh jkGgiF cdJhlkfh fg kJ sf
qfh l;mkfhadfh jkGgiF nHhsdtgrK #l;mkuh$ #l;kduh$. #l;mkfh$ sdtgbfg fg'ku
;fgcf jfgztgjdth lrG/ afgdfh jfglrkGg sdtg vuhpkf fg kJ lkH jfg[dth. cdJhlkfh fg
kJ lkH jfg[kxth nHhsdtgrK #jfg[dth$ sf #jfg[kxth$ bfg fg'ku ;fgcf idf;Hh
lrG/ afgdfh jfglrkGg sdtg vuhpkf fg kJ qfh sdth [t fgaHh. cdJhlkfh fg kJ qfhskxth
[t fgaHh.nHhsdtgrK #sdth$ sf #skxth$ bfg fg'ku ;fgcf idf;Hh lrG/ dJhbfg [t
jkGgkJeGg rKhrGh;Hh fgvHg fgvdJh lrG/ jfg[Kh[Kh bfg fg kJ sf bkJgakat bkJgvfJg.
jfg[Kh[Kh bfg fgkJ sf bkJakF bkJvfJg nHhsdtgrK #akat$ sf #akF$ sdtgbfg
fg'ku ;fgcf idf;Hh lrG/
jfg[Kh[Kh bfg fg kJ sf bygiGgodJh. jfg[Kh[Kh bfg fg kJ sf bGgiGgodJh nHhsdtgrK
#byg$ sf #bGg$ bfg fg'ku ;fgcf idf;hH lrG/ jkGgkJeGg rKhrGh vdJh;HdJhh aygrdu
idf [t fgvfhcdJh bfg jfg[Kh sf jfg[Kh.jfgbth sf jfgbth sdtg fgjkGg kJeGg lrkfgoJg
vu;Hh jfgaKh jfgayg lrG/ jfg[tgrK eyh jfg[Kh sf jfg[Kh jfgbth sf jfgbth jkfhcFg
jkfhl;K ;HhrK kJeGg vdJh;Hh fg vGhsdtg nHhatrkGh iJpJhrdf vdJh;Hh jkGgkJeGg
sdtg arkduhkJeGg akath vdJh;HhvdJh RrKjF omkuhodfg jkGgkJeGg rKhrGh lrG/
jkGgkJeGg rKhrGh bfg kJeGg lrkfgoJg vu;Hh jfg[tgrK fg'ku ;fgvf idf;Hh lrG/
21
jFsdtg jdthjug jfg[Kh sf jfg[Kh.jfgbth sf jfgbth fgjkGg lkugoJg jkfhbkxt jyhjkGg
iwKgqGg fgbmkyh bfg fg vuvdJh;Hh. jkGgsKhJg ;ygl;Kgbkxt bfg fg idf;Hh jfg[tgrK
jkGgsKhJg #lrkfg$ bfg fg vu;Hh jFrK jkGgkJeGg sdtg fg lrkfgoJg vu;Hh lrG/ jfg[tgrK
jkGgkJeGg lrkfgoJgvu sdtg fg'ku ;fgcf idf;Hh lrG/
nHhsdtgrK [t ;yg[dJ #;yg ;yg l ;Kg l ;K lkug o Jg bkdfg ' ku ;fg c f sf
afgdfh ;kyg'kuku$ fgaHh dJhsdtg rfhlrkfgoJg lrGsf 'ku lrkfgoJg jfgztgjdth lrG/
nHhsdtgrR K nHh HhGlrkGg atrkGh iJpJhakath fg'ku ;fgcf sdtg rfhoJgakath #'ku
[t fg lrkfgoJg vu;Hh jfg[tgrK Hh sKhJig df;Hh fg'ku ;fgcf$ nHh [t fg;kGh dJhsdtg
lrG/
'ku [t lrkfgoJg vu;Hh- fg'ku ;fgcf-
a-
akdfh=akGh -----------------bygakdfh=bygakGh/
akdf=akG------------------akdfa;G=akGa;G/
akat=akF------------------bkJgakat bkJgvf=bkJgakF bkJgvf/
a;dJ=adf-----------------Ggiyh a;dJvdJh;Hh=Ggiyh adfvdJh;Hh/
akGa;dJ[du=akGadf[mf/
a;mkug=a;Hg=a;mfg-----------fg a;mkug nkathvyh=fga;Hg nkathvyh=fga;mfg
nkathvyh/
akdfg=akGg----------------- fgakdfg;fh=fgakGg;fh/
arkduh=armfh=armkuh--------arkduh qfhvdJh=armfh qGhvdfh/
a;mu=a;mf-----------------fgnf jfga;mu=fgnf jfga;mf/
arH=armf------------------ fgarH qyg;fh=fgarmf qyg;fh/
adf=aG------------------- adf vfgnf=aG vfgnf/
ardth=arkuh---------------- fg ardth fg;kGg;fh=fgarkuh fg;kGg;fh/
akdfh =akGh---------------- akdfhaHh=akGhaHh/
akaug=amkug=amkfg----------- eJgakaugsky=eJgamkugsky=eJgamkfgsky/
amkyh=amkuh=amkfh---------- amkyhjkfh=amkuhjkfh=amkfhjkfh/
v-
vkatg=vug------------------- bygvkatg=bygvug/
vkau=vmku=vmkf------------ l;dJgjfgeuh fg vkau;fh=l;dJgjg fgeuh fg
vmku;fh=l;ktgjfgeuh fgvmkf;fh/
22
vkau=vmu=vmf------------- fgvkau ug jfgbJh=fgvmu ug jfgbJh=fgbmf ug
jfgbJh/
vdJ=vdf------------------ qfh vdJ;fh=qfg vdf;fh/
vkdfg=vkGg----------------- [yg jfgeGg fgvkdfg oHh;fh=[yg jfgeGg fgvkGg
oHh;fh/
vdf=vkG--------------------eHhvHgvdf=eHhvHgvkG/
vkaug=vmkug=vmkfg------------- omyg jfg[dth fgvkaug ug;fh=omyg jfg[dth
fgvmkug ug;fh=omyg jfg[uh fgvmkfg ug;fh/
vdJh=vth------------------- fgvdJhzdth=fgvthzuh/
vdfh=vkGh------------------- fg vdJh;fh fgcGh=fg vkGh;fh fgcGh/
'-
'kug='kHg------------------- fg'kug fglrkyg=fg'kHg fglrkyg/
'kat='kug ------------------ fg 'katyh;fh=fg 'kugy; h fh/
'kau='kH------------------- Jg'kauJg=Jg'kHJg/
c-
cdJh=cfh--------------------- cdJhjfgeGg=cfhjfgeGg/
cdug=cmfg-------------------- fg cdug;fh=fg cmfg;fg/
cdJg=cfg------------------- fg cdJg afglry=fg cfgafglrf/
cdfg=cGg-------------------- fg cdfgcFg cdug;fh=fg cGgcFg cmfg;fh/
cdt=cu--------------------- fg cdt sfqfh=fg cu sfqGh/
fgcdt fgvGh=fgcu fgvGh/
cFg=cHg---------------------- fg cFgryg=fg cHgryg/
cHgl;G=cygl;G--------------- lkH cHgl;Gadfh=lkH cygl;Gadfh/
cJcJh=iJcJh------------------ qfh cJcJh=qfh iJcJh/
cHgey=cHgy------------------cHgey fgaHh=cHgy fgaHh/
,-
,f=df-------------------- ,fzdt JgcGh=dfzdt JgcGh/
,Kh=dKh-------------------- fg zdt,Khef =fg zmfdKhef/
,dJg=dfg------------------ lkH,dJg=lkHdfg/
,kdJg=dkfg---------------- fg ,kdJg;fh=fg dkfg;fh/
,kKh=dkKh----------------- ,kKhjfg[dth=dkKhjfg[ug/
23
,mGg=dmGg------------------ rFh,mGg=rFhdmGg/
,kug=dkug------------------ lrkGg,kug=lrkGgdkug/
,kGh=dGh------------------- kdJgzkfg,kGh=ktgzkfgdGh/
,Hh=dHh-------------------- fg ,HhpJ;uh=fgdHhpf;uh/
,dt=dug------------------ ,dtjfg[dth=dugjfg[uh/
p-
pJh=sdJh------------------- pJhl;Kg=sdJhl;Kg/
pJh=pkfh------------------ fg pJhlrkfg cdug;fh=fg pkfhlrkfg
cmfg;fh/
pfg=sdfg------------------ cypfg=cysdfg/
pfh=sdfh=sGh---------------- ugpfh=ugsGh=ugsdfh/
pkfg=skGg------------------ fg pkfglG=fgskGglG/
j-
jkduh=jmkuh=jmkfg---------- fg jkduh;fh=fg jmkuh;fg=fg jmkfg;fh/
jkdth=jkxth=jkug----------- zdtjkdth=zdtjkxth=zmfjktg/
jkdt=jkxt=jkug----------- fg jkdt fh;Jg=fg jkxt fg;Jg=fg jkug fg;Jg/
jdJ=jktg------------------ fg jdJ[Hg;fh= fg jktg[Hg;fh/
jfgomu=jfgodu=jfgomf-------- jfgomuodfg =jfgoduodfg =jfgomfoGg/
jfgl;mu=jfgl;kdu=jfgl;mf--- vfgnf jfgl;mu=vfgnf jfgl;kdu
=vfgnf jfgl;mf/
jfg;mku=jfg;kdu=jfg;mf----- jfg;mku adfhkK=jfg;kdu adfhkK
=jfg;mf aGhkK/
o-
odJh=okth----------------- odJh[Hg=okth[Hg/
odth=okxth=ouh------------- bkJgodth adfhkK=bkJgokxth adfhkK
=bkJgouh aGhkK/
odtg=okxtg=okug------------ fg odtg;fh=fg okxtg;fh=fg okug;fh/
okduh=omkuh=omfh------------ fg okduh fg nGodfg=fg omkuh fg nGodfg
=fg omfh fg nGoGg/
odu=omku=omf------------- odubypf=omkubypf=omfbypf/
odf=oG------------------- odf jfg[dth=oG jfg[uh/
24
okxt=ou----------------- okxtoJg=ouoJg/
odu=omku=omf----------- fg odujug=fg omkujug=fg omfjug/
s-
sdth=skxth=skuh------------ sdth [t fgaHh=skxth [t fgaHh
=skuh [t fgaHh/ eGsdth =eGskxth =eGskuh/
skygakH=skxtgakH----------- skygakH qyg;fh=skxtgakH qyg;fh/
sdu=smu=smf-------------- sdundJ=smundJ=smfndJ/
sH=skxt------------------ fg sH[Hg;fh=fg skxt[Hg;fh/
sdfh=pfh------------------ vfgsdfhbKg=vfgpfhbKg/
l-
lkatg=lmkug=lkug------------ lkatgsky [t akdfhaHh=lmkugsky [t
akdfhaHh=lkugsky [t akGhaHh/
l;mkuh=l;kduh=l;mfh-------- l;mkuhoFh=l;kduhoFh=l;mfhoFh/
l;mu=l;du=l;mf---------- kJl;mu skJ=kJl;du skJ
=kJl;mf skJ/
lkauh=lmkuh=lmkf------------ lkauhlrkGg=lmkuhlrkGg=lmkfhlrkGg/
l;muh=l;kduh=l;mkfh--------- l;muhadfh=l;kduhadfh =l;mfhaGh/
lkxt=lkat=lkug------------ lkxtqdfh=lkatqdfh=lkugqGg/
lku=lkau----------------- lkusky;Hh=lkausky;Hh/
lrkJ=lrkJg---------------- lrkJnH=lrkJgnH/
lkauh=nuh------------------ lkauhjkyhbkK=nuhjkyhbkK/
l;u=l;mu=l;mf----------- l;uoJg=l;muoJg=l;mfoJg/
ldJ=ldf------------------ fg ldJadfh=fg ldfaGh/
lkdf=lkGg----------------- fg lkdfcGh;fh=fg lkGgcGh;fh/
l;dJg=l;tg----------------- cHgl;dJg=cHhl;tg/
l;dfh=l;Gh----------------- fgl;J fgl;dfh=fgl;J fgl;Gh
qGgl;dfh jfgeuh=qGgl;Gh jfgeuh/
l;kdf=l;kGg--------------- qfh l;df nkathcy=qfg l;kGgnuhcy/
n-
nkatg=ntg=nug--------------- fg nkatgjt=fg ntgjt=fg nugjt/
nGg=nkGg-------------------- qGgnGg=qGgnkGg/
25
nH=nHh--------------------- nHdJhsdtg=nHhdHhsdtg/
ndJh=nkth------------------ ndJhbkxtlrkG=nkthbuglrkGg/
nkath=nuh------------------- nkathbkxtlrkG=nuhbuglrkGg/
ndJ=ndf------------------ ndJJg=ndfJg/
nkat=nu--------------------nkateHh cF;Fh=nueHh cF;Fh/
nGg=n;Gg-------------------- nGgiHg=n;GgiHg/
b-
bdf=bG------------------- bdfodJg=bGotg/
byg=bGg-------------------- bygiGgl;Kg=bGgiGgl;Kg/
bmkyh=bmyh------------------ skGgbmkyh sf HhlJh=skGgbmyh sf HhlJh/
bkxt=bug--------------------skGgbkxt=skGgbug/
bkGg=qkdfh------------------ skGgbkGg [Hg;t=skGgqkdfh [Hg;t/
bGiGg=bHiGg----------------- bGiGg jfgl;Kg=bHiGg jfgl;Kg/
bmkuh=bkauh=bmfh------------- bmkuhl;yh =bkauhl;yh =bmkfhl;yh/
bmu=bkau=bmf-------------- bmuJg rFh=bkauJg rFh=bmfJg rFh/
bkdfg=bkGg------------------ bkdfgnH=bkGgnH/
bkdJ=btg------------------- jfgbkdJ jfgl;Kg=jfgbtg jfgl;Kg/
bu=bH---------------------- fg [Hg;fg buodfg=fg [Hg;fg bHodfg/
bHg=bkHg--------------------- afgdfh jfgbHg=afgdfh jfgbkHg/
bkHh=bmfh-------------------- bkHhJsg dth [t akdfhaHh=bmfhJsg uh
[t aGhaHh/
bkdfh=bkGh--------------------fg jfgbkdfh jfcuh;fh=fg jfbkGh
jfgcHh;fh/
bG=zG--------------------- fgodJh bGpfgzkK=fgodJh zGpfgzkK/
[-
[dth=[kxth=[uh---------------lkH jfg[dth=lkH jfg[kxth =lkHg jfg[uh/
[kduh=[mkuh=[mkfh-----------lkJh[kduh;Hh=lkJh[mkuh;Hh =lkJh[mkfh;Hh/
[du=[mku=[mf-------------[du bJhqkGg=[mku bJhqkGg
=[mf bJhqkGg/ [duiGhsky
=[mkuiGhsky=[mfiGhsky/
[tg=[katg=[ug---------------[tg;kdthoJg=[katg;kdthoJg
26
 =[ug;kdthoJg/
[dJ=[kt=dJ--------------- [dJ sf Gg=[kt sf Gg=dJ sf Gg/
[dtg=[kxtg=[ug---------------[dtgJg cGg=[kxtgJg cGg=[ugJg cGg/
[kxtg=[kug------------------bkfh[kxtg=bkfh[kug/
[dJg=[tg------------------- cdJh[dJg=cfh[tg/
[df=[G------------------- cyg[df=cyg[G/ [df jkGg[df
=[G jkGg[G/ fg [df G;uh
=fg [G G;uh/
[dfg=[Gg------------------- [dfg sf jfgiy=[Gg sf jfgiy/
[tg=[ug---------------------kdJg[tg=ktg[ug/
[my=[y--------------------[myjfglrKg=[yjfglrKg/
jfg[mysdth=jfg[ysdth/
[yh=yh----------------------[yhzFh=yhzFh/
[fh=[Gh---------------------[fhiGg jfg[dth=[GhiGg jfg[uh/
e-
edJg=edfg------------------;fgedJgadfh=;fgedfgaGh/
jfgedJgadfh=jfgedfgaGh/
ey=eyh---------------------eysdtg=eyhsdtg/
eHh=bHh---------------------fg eHhbkdf=fg bHhbkdf/
ekxtg=g ekug=etg----------------ekxtgJg cGg=ekugJg cGg =etgJg cGg/
ekxt=eku=et---------------ekxtbkK=ekubkKg=etbkK/
ekau=emku=emf-------------ekau;Gg=emku;Gg=emf;Gg/
edfh=eGh--------------------fg;fgedfh=fg;fgeGh/
eJg=[dfg=[Gg-----------------eJgjkfh=[dfgjkfh=[Ggjkfh/
r-
rdf=rG------------------- fg rdf;fh=fg rG;fh/
rdu=rmf=rmu-------------- rdu jkGgbkyg vfh;kJ=rmf
jkGbkyg vfh;kJ=rmu jkGgbkyg vfh;kJ/
rH=rkH--------------------rH jfgruh=rkH jfgeuh/
rdth=rkuh------------------ rdthjkfh=rkuhjkfh/
rdtg=rug------------------- jfgrdtg jfgldfh=jfgrug jfglGh/
27
rkdth=rkuh----------------- cdJhbkxt jfgeGg fgnHrkdth
= cfhbkug jfgeGg fgnHrkuh/
rkdtg=rdtg=rkug------------ afgdfhrkdtg=afgdfhrdtg= afgdfhrkug/
rku=ru--------------------ugrku;fh=ugru;fh/
rkHg=rHg--------------------rkHgzdt=rHgzdt/
rkJ=rJ------------------- fg rkJ;t=fg rJ;t/
rkug=rug------------------- rkugrdfh=rugrdfh/
kdfhrkug=kdfhrug/
rky=ry-------------------- rky jfgeuh=ry jfgeuh/
rdu=rmu------------------ rdua;ugh=rmua;uh/
rkyg=ryg------------------- ekxtrkyg;fh=ekxtryg;fh/
rkyh=ryh-------------------- fg ;kHg jfgrkyh=fg ;kHg jfgryh/
rkG=rG------------------- fg rkGsky=fg rGsky/
d-
dJ=[dJ=[t---------------- dJ qfh=[dJ qfg=[t qfh/
dKg=,Kg------------------- eJgdKg eGgiyg=eJg,Kg eGgiyg/
dHh=,Hh------------------- fg dHhpJ;uh=fg ,HhpJ;uh/
dkHh=,kHh----------------- dkHh;kdth=,kHh;kdth/
dtg=,kdtg------------------ fg dJgcdug;fh=fg ,kdtgcdug;fh/
df=G--------------------- dfzF=GzF/
dug=,dug------------------- jkfhdugadfhg=jkfh,duadfhg/
dKh=,Kh------------------- dKhbf cF;Fh=,Khbf cF;Fh/
dug=,dt------------------- dug jfg[uh=,dt jfg[dth/
dGh=,Gh-------------------- zkfgdGh=zkfg,Gh/
dy=,y-------------------- Jgdyjkfh=Jg,yjkfh/
dF=,F-------------------- fg dFlrdfh;fh=fg ,Flrdfh;fh/
dK=,K-------------------- dKzKadfh=,KzKadfh/
dmGg=,mGg------------------ rFhdmGg=rFh,mGg/
dJh=th--------------------- dJh jfgakatg=th jfgakatg/
dHh=,Hh-------------------- dHhzdt a;df=,Hhzdt a;df/
dkKh=,kKh------------------ dkKh jfg[uh=,kKh jfg[dth/
28
dfg=,dJg------------------- fgdfg=fg,dJg/ kJgdfg=kJ,dJg/
dfh=,kfh------------------- lrkGgdfhJ=g lrkG,kfhJ/g fgdfh=fg,kfh/
dmy=fmy=,my-------------- fg jfgdmy=fg jfgfmy=fg jfg,my/
dug=,kug-------------------- dfdug=,kf,kug/
dtg=dug=,dtg---------------- fg dtgcdug;fh=fg dugcmfg;fh=
fg ,dtgcdug;fh/
df=,f--------------------- dfzdt=,fzdt/
;-
;kdt=;kug----------------- Jg;kdtjkfh=Jg;kugjkfh/
;kxt=;ku----------------- yg;kxtjkfgh ;kxth=yg;kujkfh ;kuh/
;dJg=;ktg-------------------;dJg;Hg=;ktg;Hg/ fg ;dJgadfh
=fg ;ktgaGh/
;mu=;mf--------------------bdf;mu=bG;mf/ ;muJg Jgedfg
=;mfJg JgeGg/
;mkuh=;mkfh------------------;mkuhjkf=;mkfhjkfg/
;kdth=;kuh------------------ ;kdthoJg;yh=;kuhoJg;yh/
;mku=;mkf----------------- fg jfg;mkuadfh=fg jfg;mkfaGh/
;mkujkfh odJh=;mkfjkfh oth/
;kdt=;kug------------------ K;kdtvy=K;kugvy/
;kf=;kfg--------------------fg ;kf fg ;yh=fg ;kfg fg ;yh/
;kdf=;kGg-------------------fg ;kdf;fh=fg ;kGg;fh/g
;kdfvHg=;kGgvHg/
;dtg=;ug---------------------;dtg jfgvHg=;ug jfgvHg/
;kdtg=;kug-------------------vHg;kdtg=vHg;kug/
;dJh=;kth---------------------[dJ;dJh=[t;kth/
;df=;G-------------------- ;dfjkfhadfh=;GjkfhaGh/
Jg;ug Jg;df=Jg;ug Jg;G/ lkH;df=lkH;G/
m-
muh=qmuh=mf-------------------fg muhkK=fg qmuhkK=fg mfhkK/
my=qy=emy-------------------jfgayhmy=jfgayhqy=jfgayhemy/
myg =qyg--------------------- fg myg;fh=fg qyg;fh/
29
mK=qK-----------------------mKodfg a;tg=qKodfg a;dJg/
mKg=qKg-----------------------fg jfgmKgaHh=fg jfgqKgaHh/
i-
iG=iJ-----------------------iG,kF=iJ,kF/ iGl;Gh=iJl;Gh/
iGoJg=iJoJg/ iG;kKh=iJ;kKh/
iG,kKg=iJ,kKg/ iGzdt=iJzdt/
iGskJ=iJskJ/ iyh jfgkJg/
iG=iK-----------------------iG[uh=iK[uh/
idtg=iug----------------------fg idtg fg arJh=fg iug fg arth/
idJh=wth=ith-------------------fg idJhadfhkK=fg wthaGhkK/
idf=wG----------------------fg idf;Hh=fg wG;Hh/
iF-wF---------------------- fg iFadfh=fg wFaGh/
iK=wK---------------------- fg jfgiK jfgau=fg jfgwK jfgau/
iy=wy---------------------- iy jfgbJh=wy jfgbJh/
iHg=wHg---------------------- ekxtiHg=euhwHg/
iH=wH---------------------- fg iH fgef=fg wH fgef/
k-
kdfh=kGh--------------------- kdfhjkdthkK=kGhjkugkK/
kdf=kG--------------------- iygkdf=cygkG/
ku=kau=kmf------------------fg ku;fh=fg kau;fh=fg kmf;fh/
kath=kuh----------------------kath jfgeJh=kuh jfgeJh/
katg=kug--------------------- Jgkatg=Jgkug/

kxt=u----------------------- eJgkxt=eJgu

kxt=[Ggu/
kat=ku--------------------- katarfh=kuarfh/
kxth=th---------------------- kxthrK=thrK/
kkfh=kkGh-------------------- bkJgnHh dJhkkfh=bkJgnHh thkkGh/
fkxt=u---------------------- fkxtakdfh byg=uaGh byg/
qfh=qGh---------------------- qfh zdt=qGh zmf/

30
qkdf=bkGg=qGg----------------- lkxtqkdf=lkugbkGg=lkugqGg/qdf=qG--
-------------------- qdf jfgbkxt=qG jfgbkug/
zK=wK----------------------- zKbfgrdfg=wKbfgrdfg/
zkKh=wKh---------------------- zkKhzdt=wKhzdt/
zkdJh=zkfh------------------- fg zkdJhzFg;fh=fg zkfhzFg;fh/
zkdu=zmfg------------------- bkJgzkdu=bkJzmfg/
zug=wug---------------------- fg zug;kKh=fg wug;Kh/
zkdfg=zkGg-------------------- zkdfgbdf=zkGgbG/
zkdfg;kdfg=zmGg;kGg/
zf=wf---------------------- zfodfg=wfodfg/
zfh=wfh---------------------- zfhbdf=wfhbdf/

31
 Burmese-Karenni Lexicon
;yg l ;K lkug o Jg bkdfg ' ku ;fg c f sf
afg d fh ; kyg 'ku
jref r mcuf q pf t "d y ` g ,f u k d u &if e D v d k
bmomjyef a ompmpk

u
-um;aeEdik if H = akJugl;Gg/ akJug[fh/ ud,k yf idk jf yXmef;cGihf = sky[Fg jkGg[dfg
a-u;eef; = aJhsfh/ cyg;yg bkFhl;dJg/ ;kdthodfg vmfdfg/
uGi;f jyif = vfh;kJ;kfh/ vfh;kJ ;kfhlkJh/ ud,k af wG@0g' = skJbkJgsK rdua;uh/
uGejf rLepf = augbdHgsy/ ukex f w k v f yk if ef; = bkJgoJg jkGgakat
a-unmcsuf = lkugoJg ;kdthl;y/ (akF) fgjkGgbkJg/
-um;aea&; = jkGgulg ;Gg/ jkGgu[g fh/ ukex f w k q f ufqaH &; = bkJgoJg jkGgakat
-um;aea&;pmcsKKyf = jkGgu[g fh ;yga;kK/g (akF) fgjkGg zygzFh/ bkJgoJg fgjkGg
ukex f w k u f &d , d mwefqmyvm = jkfhbkxt eKidu vGvuh/
jyhjkGg ;kJbkJgoJg jkGgakat -urf;wrf;aom = bfgot bfgrK/ jfglrH
(akF)/ lkdfhcGh/ jfglrH [dfcdf/
ukex f w k v f yk tf iftm;pk =jkGg;kJ bkJgoJg aus;&Gmtkypf k = [Khl;KzFh/
jkGgakat (akF) kGhrJgl;K/ auseyfonf = rygiG/ cfgodth/
ukezf vS,rf + = jkGgjfg;dfg jkGgakat -uuford ;f xonf =jfglF nf;kGh/ cFgnuhoJg/
(akF)/ ul;vl;qufqo H nf = zdtakfg eKidu
ukezf vS,rf w + efb;kd = jkGgjfg;dfg vGvuh/
jkGgakat(akF) 'kuglrkyg/ aumif;usL;d = jkGomkuhemy/
usL;ausmrf + = jkGg,yey afgsdth/ ul;pufonf = rkGhsky rkGhrkduh/
umuG,af &; = jkGgjfgaK jfgakGg/ armfawmfum; = ;kuzG/
umuG,af &;0ef-uD;Xme =jkGgjfgaK jfgakGg ausmif;tky(f ynma&;) = idu;yg kuhvHg/
[dfgvHg bfeuh/ lrkGglt idu;ygkuh/
u,fq,fa&; = jkGgvdf bkJgzkduh/ uk,
d u hf , kd u f o kd wfaor+ =jkGgzdfg bkJidJh
uGeu f u G o f bG,yf pfcwfjcif; = jkGgvGjky/ skyskJh/
ud,
k yf idk t f yk cf sLyfa&; =sky[Fg jkGglt jfgry/ um,vkyt f m; = skJa;kK jkGgbkJgkGh/
32
uke;f wku d f = kJgvHg a;Fefg/ uGyu f t J yk cf sLyfonf =ltjfgry vmGgsky/
ud,k pf m;vS,f = lrkGgjdfskJ/ ukov kd af umif;r+ =emyjfgrdJh fgjkGgrdf
lrkGgbkJgjdf/ lrkGgzdtjdf/ ugsJg/ jkGgemyrdf ugsJg/
usL;vGeo f nf = bkJgiF ;fgl;H/ bkJgiF ukov dk f =emyjfgrdJh ugsJg/
nKh[dfh/ a-ujyGepf mG =l;Fodth ;kKhlkauh/
ud, k af &;&mZ0if =skJa;kK rJgadfh/ usiphf Of =jkGg;kFgidu bkJga;uh/
ud, k af &;orkid ;f =skJ[Fg jkGg[dfadfh/ udpP =jGhpJh/ fgrJg/ jkGgrJg/
usio hf ;Hk onf =;kFgidubkJg/ ;kFgsKhJ/g u,fwifonf -vdfndJ [duodfg/
ud,
k pf m; =skJvdJh/ jdfskJ/ ud,k u f sL;d pGe@f jcif; =jkGgqyhadfh skJ[Fg
usix hf ;Hk =iduidfg ;kJa;uh/ skyemy/
ue@u f u G o f nf =cf[yh[dfh/ nKh[dfh ud,
k u f sKd ; =skJ[Fg skyemy/
jkfhjkFh/ akatgcFg/ uk,d cf si;f pmw&m;xm;&Sjd cif; =jkGgug sf
}uD;-uyfxed ;f odr;f onf =bdfvmGg jJhbdf sf skJ zKjkJg/
[duiGsky/ bdfvmGg a-u;pm;wyf =a;dJhJag Gg/
[df[dusky/ u&kem =iG,kKg a;fgeGg/
uduk n f o D nf =juheGg/ juhjF rfg[Fh/ usiu f siv f nfvnf =zkdfzkdf [Gg[Gg/
u|r;f usirf + =jkGgiJpJh zkdf[Gg/ uvJph m;acs =;dJhaGg/ bkJg;dJhcg Fg/
jkGgbkJgsKg zkdf[Gg/ u,fq,fonf =vdfbkJgzkdu/
uspD ,fonf =cHgeG/ kJvfvug/ aumufusppf Of;vJonf =afgl;dfg/
usi;f yðyvkyo f nf =bkJgodfg jfgryg/ jfgryg ukepf nf =jkGgakat/ jkGgakF/
bkJgodfg/ ukeo f nfypJG m; =lrkGgbkJg akatJg
ud;k um;rSjD im;onf =bdfeFh ndJsky/ jkGgakatvHg/ lrkGbkJg akFJg
bdfeFh iJ;kGg/ jkGakFvHg/
}uD;-uyfonf =bdflt vmGgsky/ ude;f *%ef; =jkuomGgbf [mfbf/
óud;rJah -u;eef; =l;kdJgjkdt aJhsfh/ ude;f =jkuomGgbf/
ausjyGef =l;Fodth/ l;Flkauh/ }uD;us,o f nf =[Hg;kdflt ifhrdfh/
acwftqufquf =oFhvGh fgoFhoFh/ uAsm ='kukt ruhnkxtg/
óudqo dk nf =GcFg/ GbkugcFg/ uav;oli,f =lfgzKh lfgzkG/
-um;ae0g' =ugl;Gg rdua;uh/ uref;uwef; =jfgl;dt jfgl;dJh/
ukvor*~ =lrkGg;kHgbdJh odJhakJ urux =,kHhjkfh ltbkJg/
jfgl;KzFh/ url;&SL;xk;d =jfgl;dt jfgrkdfg/ jfgbmyh
33
 jfgrkdfg/ uk,d cf E<m =skJa;kK/
uawmufuq =iGl;Kg[Hg jfgbmkuh uk,
d w f idk f =[FgskJ/ cyhskJ/ cyhjkK sf
jfg;Gh/ skJ/
uysu, f ysuf =eKheKh edJgedJg/ -uGvm =kdfh/(zKemy/ Hh[Hg)
umqD; =jkfhjkFh [y[dfh/ -umanmif;onf =pJh;fh/ pJhcF;Fh/
ausmufuyf =;yh;Hh/ -unf&h KS ppfaq;onf =bdflkHh zJhbdf/
uGyyf pf =;faFg odfg;th/ vfh;kJ jfgzkug/ usnaf yGh =ygodf/ afgcdtg/h
uefausmufonf =okxthjfglkGh/ usnq f H =cyhsdfgl;Kg/ cypgflh ;Kg/
urBm =kJgvHga;kK/ kJgvHgefg/ usnaf xmuf =bdfh/
uH-umrRm =emyjuheGg/ usm;=rwef;wla&;0ef-uDXme =lrkGgvHh
ukov dk u f H =emyjfgrdJh ugsJg/ lrkGgbKg fgjkGg vmfdfg ugrfg[Fh
uef;onf =bygiGg;Gh/ bygiGgvy/ [dfgvHg bfeuh/
uefh =dfgiHedfh/ -unfeL;onf =nmkyhbkugiG/ bkug iGl;Kg/
urf;vSr;f onf =l;muhoFh;uh/ kJl;muhh -unfno kd nf =,kFpkfJg/ ,kFpkfsky/
oFhzdt/ usKKKyif =jfglkuodJh/
uyfou D yfo -vujfg a;y;uh/ usKKK;vGeaf pmfum;onf =bkJgiF ;fgl;H
uyfou d yfoajymonf =kJvu jfga;y;uh/g edJg/ bkJgiF ;fgl;H eKhedJg/
uGe;f jrL;onf =jfgvKg jfgvGoJg/h rfg,kyh usKKK;ausmo f nf =bkJgiF afgsdth/ ,kyey
rfg,kugoJg/ afgsdth/ sdthung Jg/
u,fronf =vdfndJodfg/ ausnmonf =lkug;kdthoJg/
uJ&h o
J nf =lfgzdJ ygcdJ/ ausjyD =l;FodthkK/ cHg;yhkK/
udE&N m =vfgsdfh bKg,dtg/ a-uonf =nGbFg/
udwef uQwf =cGg[mf/ cGgl;K jkGgomGh/ a-u;r+H =bkfh[dtg/ bkfh[kxtg ;kJbdf/
ude;f atmif;onf =jfg,Jg ugsKg/ sJgug a-u;pnf =oKhjfg;yh/ a;dtg/ jfg;yh
kxtsKg/ ugkatgsJg/ efglrkfg/ jfg;yhefg ;kJ[Kglrkfg/g
ukwf =[yharkdfg ly;Hh/ aºuG =omyhy/h
óud;ukwo f if-um;onf =dfzF ndJidu/ aºuGusonf =;fgjkfhidth/
ukyo f nf =aflrfg/ au|;arG;onf =ekxtgJg ekxtgu/h
ukepf ifonf =;kKhl;yh;kf jfga;ygadfh/ aºuG;_rD‡ =skxtcHg/
uke;f ajr =kJgvHg odfg;th/ aºuG;qyfonf =l;fcHg/
uku
d o f nf =ffg/ juhjF;Hh/ aºuG;a-umfonf =Gouh ;kdthodfg/
34
uso
J nf =jfglrJh/ fgodJh afg[kxtjug/ uspv f pfonf =l;KzFh lrkdJhbfg/
fglrKh/ uspo f nf =Jgqkyh jfgrkyh/g (Jgqkyh
-uJonf =Jgqkyhjkfh/ nfgjkfh/ Jgqkyhjkfh cHgl;dJg)/ lrkdJhbfg/
lfgcyh/ usycf ;dk =ldfh;dJh/
ausmckid ;f onf =aKsf pkfa;Kh/ aKadfh -uwf =adfh(;Ghadfh. bkKadfh)/
sf pkf/ -uyfronf =ltjfgry a;kKgbfgsky/
-uef@-umonf =fgpJ;fh/h lkdf,kGh/ u|wo f nf =jkfhl;u/ cHgl;G/
lkdf,kG lkdfcGh/ ºuGyo f nf =fgarH/
-uH-h uHch o
H nf =vdfcFg cKhcKh/ use;f rmonf =ugcdug uglrdfh/
u|oH nf =jkfhl;H/ ;fgl;H/ use;f rma&;0ef-uD;Xme =jkGgucg dug uglrdfh
ausm-f um;onf =bmkyhiGg oJg;kdth/ [dfgvHg bfeuh/
bmkyh[Hg iGgoHh/ bmkyiGgh oJg;kdth usr;f *ef ='kuzkK,kfh ;yg[dJ/
odfgnug/ usr;f opPm =;yg;kGh vdfzK/
-um;emonf =sky[fh iJpJh/ usr;f used o f nf =kJakath;yg/ Jgakxt;yg/
ºuGm;0gonf =sJg[H skyskJ/ zkdJodfg -urf;wrf;cufxefonf =bfot lkdfhcGh/
nug/ [dfg[HgskJ/ kJlt/ zkdJlt/ u|e;f =a;F/ ;GgkdJg/
uef@owfonf -eJhjg fg[Fg jkfhjkFh/ u|r;f =iJpJh/ akdfh(byg akdfh)/
uyfzufvyk o f nf =bkJgjfgvmu jfgaGg/ u|r;f 0ifonf =iJpJh sK;Hh/ iJpJh
usuo f nf =fgmuh/ muhkK/ vdJh;Hh/
usupf m;onf =;kJa;uh bdfJg/ us,0f ef;onf =vfh;kJ;kdf/ fg ;kdf
u|r;f usio f nf =zkdf[Gg iJpJh/ -u,fwcGef =cGgjfgvGh/
usio f nf =jfgqy/ jfga;Fh/ -uG,0f onf =[Hg,kf odfgiGh/
usiv f nfonf =bkJgsK zkdf[Gg/ usw
d I f -uHpnfonf =jfgskJg zdfgkatg/
-uifemonf =iJ,kKgsky/ uswd u f sw d wf ;dk onf =jfg[my jfgcdfg/
usi-hf uHonf =iduzdfg jfgryg/ usw d f =,dJgl;Hg/ ffgjfgarFg/(vHgcdJh)/
usi;f onf =jfglrug/ ygrkFg/
usi;f wl;onf =ygvFg kJaHh/ usw d I f rsKd Konf =eKgaryg eycf a;Hhsdth/
usO;f usyo f nf =jfgzKg jfgzkdJh/ usd yf =jfgl;K/
-uOf;aqmfonf =ltbkJg/ ltkJ/ ltiHh/ óudx h ;kd onf =cylfgfkxth/
ºuGi;f =jkGguag dfh/ ugadfh;t/ -udwo f nf =JgqkyhbFg/ rmkuh/ JgqkyhoJg/
ºuGi;f useo f nf =ugadfhrJg/ ugadfh vfhcJg/ used q f o J nf =ygcKhkfh/
35
-udrf =fgnkat/ fgkFg/ ryhbkK/ akJrkf eGg/
-udr-f udrcf gcg =fgnkatnkat fgl;Jgl;Jg/ uyfap;ESo J nf =oyhsf/
fgkFgkFg fgl;Jgl;J/g usix f o Hk nf =jfgqy jfga;Fh/
used ;f aoonf =;fgaf ;fgauh/ ;gfauhlkfh/ a-umfnmonf =lkug[dfg ;kdthoJg/
jkfhjkJg ;fauh/g a-umfnmpm =;yg lkug[dfg ;kdthoJg/
}udrf ;f armif;onf =Gouh iJlrkduh/ uHxu dk o f nf =emyjuheGg/ cdtfddf/
ausmuf&wem =;kKiJ'kug lrkygu/g emyjuh jfgrdJheGg/
;kKiJ'kHgu/g ;kKiJ/ ºuGuo f m; =,dJglrku/
a-umufvef@onf =vdJ,kF iJgcg Jh/ iJcJh óud;pm;onf =dfzF/
jfgrKgiG/ uHtm;avsmpf mG =juhcdt juhvGh/ juheGg
a-umifa-umifusm;usm; =adJgrfgqKh rfgqG/ jkfhjuh/ emy jkfhjuh/ jkfhjuh emy/
adJgryg adJgrKh/ aumv[mv =jkGgryg eKhedJg/
a-umifawmifawmifvyk o f nf =jfglkfglkfg ud,
k af &;ud, k w
f mudpP =skJ[Fg jGhpJh/
bkJg/ jfga;Ha;H bkJg/ skJ[Fg jkGgrJg/
a-umifh =sdtgrK/ dJhrK/ vHgvdJrKh/ u,fwif&iS f =edfgzGg vdfakfg
[t fgvdJhrK/ nkatgakfg/ vdfakfg nkatgakfg
óuduEf pS o f ufonf =iJ,kF iJ;kK/ edfgzGg/
iJ,kF iJ;uh/ ukepf rd ;f =jkGgakat iyidth/ jkGgakF
usKd if;aumif =jfgayh [flrkG/ iyidth/
usKd csuo f nf =nuhzkHgmuh/ usKd ;onf =;fgakG/
usKd ;EGoH nf =,kFpkf cdfg;kdfg/ uavmif&iS f =lrkGgrfhoJg/
aumif;usKd ; =omkuhemy/ [dJemy/ ukoonf =akH,fg/
óud;wd;k usw J J =zKgzKg zkGhzkGh/ jfglrKg uwk;d qdyf =iwKga;dJh ;kJug/
jfglrJh/ jfgaHh jfgnug/g óud;pm;tm;xkwo f nf =dfzF oKkGh oKrJg/
óuHóuduo f nf =eGgcdt eGgvGh/ jkfhjuh umonf =jfgakdfgadfh/ jfgakdfg
cdthvGh/ jkfhjuh jkfheGg/ jkfhjkFh/
óuHvo DS nf =arkdfhjfgary/ umvom; =lrkGgvHh nHiGg/uwdpmcsKyf
óuH@onf =jfg,my/ =;yga;kKg thbfg/
usK;H Ivkyo f nf =ndJbkJg;kKh/ uwdðyonf =th;kdfg/ K;kdfg/
uyf =jkGgzkdJhzFg/ akJrkf/ ujym; =a;mkyhnG/ a;mkyh cyh[df/
uyfqu dk o f nf =jkGgzkdJhzFg eGg/ aºuGyefuef =eJhomyhy/h
36
ud;k uG,o
f nfb
h mom =jkGg,kF zKeGh/ cspcf ifav;pm; =bkugsky ,kFpkf/
jkGgzKeGh/ acgucf sKd ; =xGa;dJ vfh;kJ/ jfglmy;t/
uif;vGwo f nf =cHl;G nmkyhadfh/ acguw f ek @f acgujf yef =akfgvdJh kdfhph Jh/
uef@owfcsuf =[dfgjkFhl;y/ eJgjh kFjkfhh csKd if0h rS ;f =cug[fh akJ[Fh/ jkKgaHh akJ[Fh/
jfg[Fgl;y/ cGihf =fgvmf/ vmfdfg/
ckid _f rJonf =a;kKgbfg/
c ckid rf monf =jfgpfh a;kKgbfg/ a;kKgbfg
cGx
J u G af &;0g' =oJglkGh rdua;uh/ jfgpfh/
c&D;&Sncf sw D ufjcif; =jkGgodfga;dJh ckid cf ef@onf =a;kKgbfg jfga;t/ jfgpfh
a;dfoHh/ jfga;t/
ceJ@ww J J -jfgvmu(vkxu) jfgaGg/ cef@tyfonf =sKhjkfha;kKg/
c&dik f =jfgy/g ckEpS o f uU&mZf =sfgJsg kJ/ pJhiGh ;Ghsfg
csw D uf =odfga;dJh/ bfjuh/
cswD ufwu kd cf u f nf =odfga;dJh odfgcf/ cku
dk o d ;kd &m =iJ;kGg kFgu/g
acg ufqJG =[yhjteuh/ cs;D rGr;f onf =oHgiGg sky/
acsmarG@aom =[t jkduhbmkuhl;yh/ [t cs;D usL;onf =oHgiG akGakuhsky/
efl;myh bmkuhl;yh/ cs;D usL;axmyemðyonf =oHgiG akGaku
cH,o l nf =vdfndJ/ vdf,kFJg/ odfgsky/
csrw S pf pD pfonf =eJgjkfh zJhbdf jfgryg/ csrw S o f nf =[dfgjkfha;kKg/f
cGJ =fgadJh/ eJhadJh/ a;dJheGl;K/ acszsuo f nf =bkJgl;yhadfh/ oFl;yh
lkfhnGadJh/ adfh/ bkJgl;yh ldJadfh/
acgi;f aqmif =vHga;K[Hg/ [HgvHg/ cs,v f , S o f nf =ltjfgryg skyvHg/ jfgryg
lrkGgltvHg/ jkFhvHg/
csKd K;azguo f nf =bkJgl;uhldJ/ csKyfcs,o f nf =lt[K jfgrygsky/
_cdr;f ajcmufonf =bkJgjfgrkdtg cJcJh/ acsmifusonf =jfgskfh [Kkxth/
kJjfgrkdtg cJcJh/ bkJgjfgrkdtg cs,o f nf =jJh;fg/ eGg;fg/
jfgldfh/ bkJgiJcJh jfgrkdtg/ cif;usi;f jyonf =[dfgjkfh [tg;kdth/
acwftqufquf =lkauhoFhoFh/ cuf&mcufqpf =fglkdfh fg,kfh/
lkauhjfgoFh/ fgoFhoFh fgl;Jgl;Jg/ ckcrH Kk -jkGgvdf bkJgcFg/ jkGgvdf
ckcw H eG ;f vSef =cfcFg cdfgoJg/ jfgakGgcFg/
acwforkid ;f =lrkGg;kHgoFh jkGg[dfadfh/ cH,cl suf -vdf,kF Jgl;y/
37
cH,jl cif; -jkGgvdf ,kFJg/ jkGg,kFJg/ crf;crf;em;em;&So d nf =ugrkuG ltifhrdfh/
acguo f nf -akGa;dJ/ [fh(h [fh vHga;K)/ cGet f m; =kGhrJg/
cdik cf ikd rf mrm -a;kKga;kKg bfgbfg/ cG@H onf =bHhJ/g
ck;d a=umifc;dk 0Suf -bkJgkatg bkJgimG/ ckwo f nf =lkfh/
bkJgkatg bkJgey/ ckeo f nf =lkf/
cd;k &mygypPn;f -jkfhjyhjkGg Jgkatg/ ckH =vuga;df jfg;th/
cufxefonf -vfhaGg cdugcKh/ bkfhcdug cku
d &f efjzpfonf =a;dJ'fh bFhlkKg;Hh/
bkfhcKh/ lrdJhcdug lrdJhcKh/ csxm;onf =eJgjkfhadfh/
ckcaH wmfveS af &; =jkGglt odfgjuh cfcFg/ jc =lkHmuh/
jkGglt odfgjuh jkGgcfcFg/ csucf sm =vfh;kJ vfhcdJ/ vfh;kJ
csKd csKd omom =zkGzkG skfgskfg/ zkGzkG a;fhbJh/
pkfgpkfg/ csucf smusonf -jkfh vfh;kJ a;fhbJh/
csKd ompGm =zkGskfg pkfg;fh/ jcmonf =jfgarKh/ zfgarKh/ zkdfjug/
ckd;aiG@=vkatgimy/ jkfh,du/g
cGew f w k f =bugrfh/ fgbug fgrfh/ csn;f eJaomol =lrkGsky;f ugjug/
cef;oifo h nf =jkfhjuh/ jkfheGg/ cso D nf=ndfodfg/ ndfsky/
crf;crf;em;em; =rkuGjuh ifhrdfh ifh[Gg/ csnf =;dtg/
+cHarG;w&dpm> ef -jkGgnH jkGg;dJg csn;f ES;D jzpfonf =omkuhjkFh[Jh/ fgjkFh[Jh/
ekxtgsky/ fgjkdth[Jh/
csnaf ESmifonf -zKhbfga;kKg/ zKha;kKg/ csLonf =jfglrug(kKaHh)/
csp=f unfa&; -jkGgbkug lkJh[duh/ jkGgbkug csL -lrkfhiGg/
cFg;Hh/ csLcsmonf =arkdfh;fg;kfg/
c,onf ='kKg;kdfg ,kFpkf/ acsacsiiH &H o dS nf =iG;kKh nKgnFhcFg/
acwfumv =oFhcdthvGh/ acsyajymqko d nf =kJcFg jkFh;dJh/
acwWc% =jfgl;tg jfgl;df/ kJl;mucFg akfgvdJh/
cwfonf =jf/ csuv f ufrw S f =rFhzJgjJh/ rFh;kJsky
cyfonf=[dfodfg([df odJh)/ ;ygefgg bfjJh/
cGyo f nf =ygl;kFg/ jcifaumif=nkxthcy/
cHonf =vdf/ cs Ofaomtm&om =iuhruhcdJg/ fgcdJg
cef@reS ;f onf =;fhcfh/ jfg,Jg/ iuhruh/
cnm;&dak oonf =[dfg[Hg ,kFpkf/ csichf sed o
f nf =jfg,Jgbdf/ jfg,JgeGg/
38
csi;f csi;f =idfrkuh;Hh/ csKH ;onf =bkJgnkxtgadfh/ bkJgjfg,my
csO;f uyfonf =rkHgkdfhnFg/ lfgjyadfh/
cspcf if-uifemonf =iG,kKg bkugsky/ csKd csOf =cdJgcFh/
jcpfonf =jfgarkfh/ rfh/ arf/ cifrifonf =bkugsky iJpJh/ bkugsky
c|wo f nf =l;uhadfh/ l;muadfh/ bkJg;fg iJpJh;Hh/
lkuadfh/ cifrif&if;ES;D onf =bkugsky iJpJhnFg/
csr;f ajrhonf =jfgzkH nmkyhbkug/ csKKyfuikd x f m;onf =lkFa;kKg bfgsky/
c|e;f =jfgcdfh ygvKg/ _cdr;f onf =bKarKh/
cdswo f nf =[Kbkfh/ csKKyfqo dk nf =rfhjkfh ;yga;kKg/
csed cf iG f =;kJzkdfg/ zmkG/ zkdfgzH;Gg/ rfhjkfha;kKg/
_cdr_hf cdro hf oJ J =jfgqK jfgl;Kg/ jfgqK jfgiuh/ cspóf udu-f uonf =iJ,kF iJ;kKh
csed ;f qko d nf =jkdfkdfhcFg/ thkdfhcFg/ bkugsky;Hh/h
csKKyfuidk o f nf =lkFarkyga;kKg/ cifrifw, G wf monf =bkugsky iJ;kGg/
acsmufveS @f onf =bkJgjfgrkdtg jfgldfh/ c%c% =jfgbuh jfgbuh/ jfgl;tgnH/
bkJvdJ bkJg,F/ c&D;p&dwf =zdta;dfaGg/
ajcmufuyfonf =arkfhafg[Gg/ ckw;Hk vkyo f nf =bkJg sf ;kJbkxu(bmku)/
acsmifonf =jfga;dfh/ c&D;OD;óudðyonf =GbkugcFg zdta;df
acsmif; =;kdfha;uh/ odJha;uhnH/ kdfhjkdth/ GbkugcFg lrkGg
acsmif;ajrmif;onf =bdfzuh bdfxyg/ zdta;df/
c&D; =jkGgzdta;df/ cg;awmif;usKd Kufonf =iGhaGhodfg
csKd ifonf =lkfhjkfh/ kdJgjfgqkfg/
csKd onf =cFh/ fgcFh/ cHpm;r+ =jkGgvdfeGg/
acgi;f pOfay;yg -[dJ ;yglrku vHga;K/ acwfro DS nf =arkduheGg oFhvGh/
acgi;f wkid f -bygvkatg oJgeuh/ arkduh;G oFhvGh/
acgi;f aygi;f -augouh/ vHgeug/ acwfpm;onf =oFhvGh iJ,kF/ oFhvGgeGg/
acgi;f &dwo f nf -Jgzyg vHga;K/ JgrJhvHga;K/ cH0efcsKyf =vdfth ;yga;kKg/
acwfaemufusonf -jkfhnkatg oFhvGh/ acgio f nf =idtgarJh/ ug jfgztjug/
acgi;f pOf}uD;pmvk;H -;yglrku vHga;K cdv
k o H+ nf =kFgu/g ugkFg iJ;kGg/ iJ;kGg
;ygl;Kg[Hg/ kFgu/g
acgi;f pOfi,f -;yglrku vHga;KnH/ cifyeG ;f =bJh/ qkGg/ vueKidu/
òcHonf =oKey/ JgoK/ acgi;f pOf =;ygvHga;K/
39
csK;d onf =,KakG/ bkJg;fgakG/ Jg;kdth zdtlkGhadfh/ oJgzdt jfgnfhadfh/
odJh/ cGjJ crf;onf -bkJgnGadfh/ lkfhnGadfh/
cGjJ cm;onf =[uhadJh vuadfh/ eJhadJh cGpJ yd uf o k onf -rfhnG aH,fg/
vuadfh/ [uhaFh vuadfg/ cGxJ u G o f nf -oJglkGhadfh/
cGjJ cm;owfrw S of nf =eJhadJh [dfgbfvu/ cGpJ yd q f &m0ef -jkGgvHg ifrf ;kJrfhnG/
[uhaFh [dfbfvu/ [dfbf cGaJ 0onf -eJhadJh oJglkJ/ eJhadJh
jkuhbfvu/ jkfhlkJ/ eJhlkJ/
cJ|onf=zkG,dJg/ eKeGyh/ cGiðhf ycsuf -skyeGg vmfdfgl;y/
jcif; =jkGg/ cGiðhf yonf -[dJ vmfdfg/
ac|;wyf =a;dJhoKzmyg/ cGiv hf w G o f nf -l;mkuh vmfdfg/ l;mkuh
c|w, f iG ;f csuf =;kJeJg ,dugl;y/ jkGgiF/
cE<maA' -skJa;kK cyxy/ ¹cGi;f cseo f nf -eJgjkfh [fhadfh/
cef@ -efsdtg/ efdJh/
ajcwk -vfh[kxtg skJ,kug/ vfh[kxtg *
efeFh/ *k%
d ;f *%0g' =adJhnH a;KnH rdua;uh/
ajcvsiw f yf -a;dJh vfh[kxtglrdfh/ *k%
d ;f tpk =adJhnHa;K/ adJhl;KnH/
+cHcwfonf -rkfg jfgrG/ *&kðy =skJgrdf odfgsky/ iJskJ
cuf&mcufqpf -fglkdf fgcGh/ ;kJlkdf odfgsky/ jfgskJgsky/
;kJcGh/ *%ef;wGuo f nf =omGhbf [mf/
cufcufccJ J -lkdflkdf cGhcGh/ *%ef;ocFsm =[mf/
cGjJ cm;odjrifonf -bdfodJg eJhadJhvu/ ò*dvf =;y;HhcGg/
ajcmufv;Hk jyL; -cysdfg(pfg) jfgry/ *k%f =skJ;yh jfgvGh/
jcif;vk;H -rkyoKh jfg;Hh/ *k%ðf yonf =bkJodfglg kJ skJ;yh jfgvGh/
cGm -vfhbkG/ jfgnfh/ oJgjfgnfh/ bkJg;yh jfgvGh odfgsky/
acGonf -JgvHg/ JgqkKg/(JgqkKg[du *k%, f ol nf =ndJ skJ;yh jfgvGh/ ndJ
cHgl;dJg)/ lkfharHg/ jkGg;yh jfgvGh/
acG;av;-jfga;f/ omygnH/ omygjfga;f/ *k%o f ud mQ =skJ;yh jfgrdJh[Hg/
acG;oGm;pdyf -omygvHg vdJhffg(omygvHg *wdwnfjcif; =jkGgJbg fg K;kdfg/
vdJhffg [t zGefh;kug)/ jkGgK;kdfg a;kKgbfg/
acG;tlonf -omyg Kgbkug/ omyglrkfh/ *kwaf oG;pkwv f uf0g;}uD;tkyf =zmyuh akdfh
cGcJ mG onf -zdtlkGh/ zdtcyglrdfh/ euhimyg rK eKgeyjkFh/
40
*&kem =iG,kKg a;fgeGg/g ò*dvw f k -cGg,K;Jh/ cGg,kug bdfeFh/
*k%o f m&nf -skJ;yh jfgvGh zkdf[Gg/ *a,mifacsmufcsm; -jkfhjkKh jkfhjkdf/
*k%af wmf -skJ;yh jfgvGh zfhcGh/ *&if;0pfpaH wmfcsed f -aryhmyw bfeuh
*k%jf 'yf -skJ;yh jfgvGha;kK/ cdthvGg/
*k;H acsmonf -yg;ug eKga;dJ/ a*:&cg;oD; -arkfhaHh ;yiGg/
*&kpu kd o f nf -sJgjkJgsky/ bdfvmGg a*: jym; -zku[Hg (;kJlkGh sfkJg)/
rdfsky/ *keaf vsmf -vFh/
*,uf&u kd o
f nf -kfku eGgcGh/ kfku *g0ef -kdJg[tg jfgqkfg/
lkfeGg/ *sme,f -jkGgryg ;yg;kGg/
*Edik af wm -jfgsKh jfgkuh/ *Dwm -jyg/ jyg[Kg/
8a,muf*,ufEidk o f nf -cyl;F cycdJg/ *gxm -'kufkxtef/ 'kufkxtnmy/
,K,K ;Jh;Jh/ *a[ -l;Kgy(g ;kJnHg yhzFh sf jkKoG)/
*sKH -ekxt vfhbkyhoHh/ ekxtaHh;fh/ *a[qufonf -nHgyzh Fh jkKoG.jfg;yh/
a*gwaH usmuf -;kKjfg'ug/ a*gyuvl}uD; -lrkGg bdfvmGg jkGzKeGh
*d% k ;f csKyf -lrkGgltsky jkGgzKeGh [HgvHg/
vfhcdJ/ *%gr+idrf -ugkatg ifhrdfhjug/
*d% k ;f tkyf -lrkGgltsky jkGgzKeGh [HgvHg/ *%ef;-[mfbf/ cdug/
*0Hausmuf -;kK[yharfh/ *%ef;aygi;f puf -[mfbf l;KzG/
*Gr;f -jfgndf/ *%ef;vufru&d,m -cdugafgsKh Jgqkyh/
*VKefiu S f -oHg[Hg JgrkH/ *rl;&SL;xk;d vkyo
f nf -bkJgjfgoK jfgokxtg/
*wfXme -a;dJhlkKqkyh bfeuh/ *%ef;ocFsmynm&Sif -[mfiynG edfgzGg/
*keH t D w d f -vFh;kygldJh/ vFh;kyg ldJhoKh/ *a,mifacsmufcsm;jzpfonf -vdJ,F
ò*dvef uQwf -lfgidtg ;yh;Hh cGgl;K/ jkfhjKh jkfhjkdf/ omkuhvdJ,F
*&kðyonf -jkuhbfg iJskJodfg/ jfgskJg jkfhjKh jkfhjkdf/
rdfodfgsky/ bdfjkuh iJskJ *&dvrl sL;d -xryw lrkGg;kHg bdJztg/h
odfgsky/
*wd -jkGgK;kdfg/ *&0w&m; -jkGgeJg ,kFpkf jkGgzK/
*wdðyonf -bkJgbfg jkGgK;kdfg/ K;kdfg/ *gvef -afg;fg(afg;fglHh)/
K;kdfg a;kKgbfg/ *Dwynm&Sif -jkGg[Kg jkGgfkxt iynG
*k%t f *gF -skJ;yh jfgvGh,kug/ edfgzGg/
ò*dvo f m; -lfgidtg vHgnH/ cGg;y ;HhnH/ *Dw - jkGg[Kg jkGgfkxt/
41
*D,m - oHg;kHg/ ,K;kHg/ jkGgeuh oHg;kHg/ a;dJhl;K/
*D,mbD; - oHg;kHgefh/ aiGwefb;dk usonf =rFh'kug lrkygjkfh/
*layguf - cugaHh/ rFh'kHg lrkygjkfh/
*zDyef; - jfgl;Gg aHh;fhnuh/ jiif;qko d nf =zkHhjug oJardfcFg/
*zDxw k f -jfgl;Gg aHh;fheug/ akxtgcFg/ arJcFg/
a*guo f ;D - xKl;KglrdJh jfg;Hh/ jiif;qJonf =bkJgzkdJh bkJgzkFg/
a*guu f iG ;f - xKakJ[Fh/ akJ[Fh ;kJbkFh _idr;f csr;f pGmtwl&iS wf aJG exkid af &; =jkGgug
xKl;Kg jfg;Hh/ lkJh[duh juheGg rku;Hh/
a*guo f ;D &duk o
f nf -bkFh xKl;Kg jfg;Hh/ iSg;&rf;onf =amkyhvdfh/ amkyheKg/
*k%w f ufaponf -skJ;yh jfgvGhodfg/ amkyh;kuh/ [dJvdfh/ [dJeKg/
*d%
k ;f -adJha;K/ [dJ;kuh/
*dwf -xJj/ a;dJh jfgakdfgjkFh/ irf;onf =iJ;kKh juhaGg/ bdfjuhaGg/
*dwaf =u; -a;dJh jfgakdfg jkFhaGg/ _idonf =xfyhbfg/ jfgeKgbfg/ edfyhbfg/
*syefjynf -zdfglfgakJ/ jfgarkfhbfg/
*s=D or}wD -zygK bfgjry[mf/ _iD;aiG@onf =jfgfkxth jfgcGhkatg/
*sL'dk -jkGgndf skyjkfh/ jiLplonf =iJvfkatg/ iJ[dJ jugkatg/
*sL;vlrsL;d -zdHh lrkGg;kHgbdJh/ _idrq f w d o f nf =ugidtg ugkatg/
*suw f u dk af v,Of -zdGakath iKhnKh ajimifh =jfgbkKh/
;kJcfjkGg/ òid;onf =iJoJg iJkfhkatg/
*sif -l;Kgjfhrkyh/ efhjfgrkyh/ _idr;f csr;f om,mpGm =jfgzkH jfgeG
*spu f m; -;kuzGzdyn/ lkJh[duh bkug;fh/
*sLpH uf -zG qkyhbkFg ekxtaHh;fh/ _idr;f onf =bkJglkJ/ bkJglkyh/
*Gr;f -jfgndf/ òidjiifonf =iGhl;Ghkatg/ iJbkJg jugkatg/
*Gr;f apmif -kyakGg ndfl;dJ/ juhjugkatg/ iJ[dJ jugkatg/
jiif;qefonf =zkHhjug/ akatgcFg/
C jiif;y,fonf =zkHhjug eJgadfhcFg/
CCem;em; =ifhrdfh ifh[Gg/ akatgndJcFg/ zkHhjugcFg/
òid@onf =yg;fgsky/
i iwfrw G o f nf =iJqkyh iJJg/ ugqkyh ugaKh/
_idr;f csr;f a&; =jkGglkJh[duh/ jkGglkJh[muh/ iefonf =cFhkGh/
_idr;f csr;f a&;wyfz@JG =jkGglkJh[duh iHq
h idk ;f onf =ugakatrJ/ uglkK akatrJ/
42
 ug,duh akatrJ/ i,frjl yefonf =zkdJlfgzkG akfgvdJh/
ikwif w k x f ikd of nf =jfglHlH ugpfh/ i,f&, G ef yk sKd onf =sfgzkG eFgefh aKhlfh/
ikyrf o d w J idk f =;kdfg'kFhjkdth jfgbfug/ aiGwu kd f =rFhkuh/ rFhkygkuh/
iko
H nf =lkxtgsky/ aiG&if; =rFhrfh/ rFhbkxt/
ik@H Iaumufonf ='kKgjkfhndJ/ aiGpuUL =rFhzkJg/
'kKg;kdfg Jgodtg/ aiGazgi;f yGonf =rFhodfgnug/ rFhlrkygjkfh/
jirf; =jkGgjfgrkG/ aiG&if;ðryfEo HS nf =Jgl;Fhjkfh rFhbkxt/
ik;H iSuf =oHgrmy/ oHgoGh/ iSuu f sm; =oHg[Hg suarku/
jirf;qifonf =jfgrkGodfg eyh edf euhzyg iSupf vkyf =oHgjfgsyh/
fgvGh sdtg/ iSuzf sm;a&m*g =jkGgcmy jfgpkfh/
iwfrw G af cgi;f yg;onf =fgakdfg ugqkyh ugaKh/ aiGvv J , S Ef e+ ;f =rFhjkGg jfg;dfg eGlmy/
iSg;vkyo f nf =[fhaGgbkJg/ vdfhbkJg/ _iD;oH =jfgfkxthlrkfg/
_idro f ufonf =ugidtg/ idtgarJh/ fgidtg jiif;ckoH nf =oJarkdf vdJh;Hh/
fgarJh/ arkdfoJ vdJh;Hh/
i&J =bKrfg lkKgjkdfgaHh/ ig;wef; =jkGhrkfh/ pkfhjku/
i&J rD; =bygodJh/ _idr0f yfyjd ym;a&; =jkGglkJh[duh idtgarJh/
iwk;H =lrkGgjkFh[Jh/ _idrof ufjcif; =jkGgidtgarJh/
i&kwaf umif; =lrFhnHiGg/ aiGupkd pD pfIok;H pGo J nf =bdfjfg,Jg zfgJg rFh/
ivsif =jfgsJ oK[y/ aiGa-u; =rFhoGh/
i&kwq f Hk =iygkdf afgcFg/ aiG'*g;F =rFhlrkdJh/ rFh,dJg/
iJo h nf =,kFgoJg/ ,kFgjkfh/ iJuu G o f nf -lkusky/ iJlkusky/
iJ! h mS onf =iJ,kKg lkJhakath/ iJ,kKg ig;pdr;f -jkGhiyiKh/ jkGhiyidth/
eJgnmyh/ ig;ylwif; -jkGhjfgnug/
ig;}uD;qD; =jkGh[Hgef/ ig;ref; -jkGh[Hg [fcdf/ jkGh[Hg [fekxth/
ig;a-umf =jkGhJg 'kxuarfhJ/g ig;z,f -jkGh;Gg/
ig;usyw f efpuUL =rFhzkJg pkfheGgskJ/ ig;vifyef; -jkGhoFh/
ig;yg;oDv =jkGg[kxtgzK pkfha;uh/ ig;oavmuf -jkGhl;KgiH/
idok H ='kxtlrkfg/ ig;aowWm -jkGhaKhit/
ai;onf =bdfjfglkfg/ +iD;onf -jfgfkxth/
iduk o f nf =ugbdJhvfh/ +iD;apmfeo H nf -skxtgjfgrkdJh/
ief;(bJief;) =jfgif akdfheuhoHh/ +idr;f csr;f a&;pmcsLyf -jkGglkJh[duh
43
 ;yga;kKg/ skyodfg fgjkGgrkdfg l;KzFh/
aiG!pS of nf -bkJgsFh JgrFh/ pDru H ed ;f =jkuomGhbf/ jkGglt jfgryg
aiGwk -rFh bdfeFh/ a;kKgodfg/ jkGgjfg,Jg jfgryg
iSuu
f v k m;tkyf -oHg[Hg zkfh;kfh/ odfga;kKg/
pDru H ed ;f a&;qGo J nf -rfhzmyg jkuomGhbf/
p pku d yf sK;d a&; =jkGgcKl;Fh/
ppfom; =a;dJhnH/ pyspo f ;D =odfoFhiGg (wfgeyiGg)/
ppfwyf =a;dJhjf/ ppfqifa&;rSL; =lrkGgjfgryg jkGgcfvHg/
ppfpnf;urf; =a;dJh jkGgiduidfg/ pum;jyef =lrkGg lkugoJjuhg 'ku;fgcf/
ppfwef;vsm; =a;dJhkygrkf/ lrkGglkug oJgjuh 'ku/
ppftyk cf sKyfa&; =a;dJhjkGglt jfgry/ pmar;yGaJ tmifonf =lkJodfg ;ygjkGgzJh/
ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&; =a;dJh jkGg;kFglkHh pmar;yGJ =;ygjkGgzJh/
oFzJh/ apmifx h ed ;f cHe,f =btheGg jkGgarkyga;kKg/
ppfpaHk xmuf =a;dJh lrkGgoFzJh/ btheGg jkGgulg kK akdJhsky/
pum;0Su=f 'ku[Kkxt/ apmifah &SmufceH ,f =btheGg jkGgjfgakGg
pD;yGm;a&; =jkGgrkdfg skyodfg/ a;kKgsky/
pD;yGm;a&;ESiu hf ek o
f ,
G af &;0ef-uD;Xme pkpH rf;axmufvrS ;f a&;tzG@J =bdflkHh oFzJh
=jkGgrkdfg skyodfg sf fgl;K/
jkGgbkJakat bkJgvf [dfgvHg pm-unfw h u dk f =;kJbdf ;ygkuh/
bfeuh/ pmoifausmif; =idu;ygkuh/
pnf;urf; =jkGgiduidfg/ pufrv + ufr+ =zGrkdfg jfgvHg bkJgjkGg/
pnf;rsO;f =jkGgidu a;dfa;uh/ pufrv + ufra+ wmfveS af &; =zGrkdfg
pepfusaom =[t juha;uh jkfhjkJg/ jfgvHgbkJg jkGglt odfgjuh/
ppfat;wku d yf JG =jkGgcf jfgzdJ/ pm&Gupf mwrf; =;yg;Gg jJhbf/ ;yg;Gg
pD;yGm;a&;usKK;ausmrf + =jkGg,ky eysdth ;ygjJ/
jkGgrkdfg skyodfg/ pufr0+ g' =zGrdua;uh/
pm;ok;H ypPn;f pk =cGgJg cGgug h jkGgakata;K/ pwk&ef;rkid f =jfgqkfg l;KlrKbtT; g /
pD;yGm;a&;jyXmef;r+0g' =jkGg[dfg ;kdthodfg pmpDpmuk;H =;ygcHg ;ygjJh/ ;ygjJ ;ygidJg/
jkGgrkdfg skyodfg rdua;uh/ ppfaq;a&;tzG@J =cHg[dfh oFzJh fgl;K/
pD;yGm;a&;yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf + =jkGgrkdfg pOf;pm;qifajc =jfgskJg odfg;kdfg/
skyodfg fgjkGg l;KzFh/ jkGgrkdfg jfgskJg jfg,Jg/
44
pnf;vk;H nD!w G rf + =jkGgl;KzFh lkJh[duh/ pDruH yG u f o J nf =jfgryg lt,kHhsky/
jkGg[muh lkJh[muh/ jkGglkJh pGe@f pm;jcif; =jkGgedfhvFh/ jkGgedfhemy/
jkGg[duh/ pdww f efc;dk =iGl;Kg jfgrdJh/
pkaygi;f vufcrH + =jkGgvdfndJ l;KzFh pOf;vJaumufuspo f nf =afgl;kdfh jfgxfg/
rku;Hh/ ppfaq;onf =cHg[dfh oFzJh/ bdflkHh
pkaygi;f wm0efcrH + =jkGgvdfndJ zJhbf/
jkGg[dfgvHg l;KzFh rku;Hh/ pDppfonf =oFzJh [dfbf/
pkaygi;f acgi;f aqmifr+ =jkGglt,kHh l;KzFh pDpOfonf =jfgryg/
rku;Hh/ pdeaf c:onf =Gakat GcmJh/ GaF Gcuh/
pkaygi;f wm0ef,rl + =jkGgndJodfg GaF Gcdth/
jkGg[dfgvHg l;KzFh rku;Hh/ pnf;vk;H nDnm =l;KzFh rfg[Fh/
pDrcH ef@caJG &; =jkGgjfgryg juheGg/ apmifph nf;onf =[duiG sJgbfgsky/
apwem =iGl;Kg jkGiJg[dJ/ [duiG [kxtg[dusky/
pdw"f gwf =iGl;Kg a;kKgbfg/ jkGgiHgcdug pnf;rsO;f Oya' =iduidfg a;dflrku
iGcdug/ iGl;Kg jkGgu/g iGl;Kg Hlfgjyg/
fgjkGg [dfgcKh/ pnf;urf;enf;vrf; =iduidfg a;dfa;uh/
pnf;&k;H =zmygl;K oKzFh/ aphaph-unfo h nf =;Gh;Ghbdf/
pGypf oJG nf =,kGh(,kGhJkg atg)/ akGg bdfjkfhjkJg/
(akGcmy akGcGh)/ [df ([dfsJ)/ aphaphatmufarhonf =zGhzGh sJgsky/
pGypf cJG suf =,kGha;kKgl;y/ zmGh pJonf =ugakat/ jfg[Fg/
jfgrfhl;y/ ap;uyfonf =yha;kKg/ yhbfg/ edfbfg/
apmfum;onf =bkJgey bkJgu/g bkJgjfgrkGh/ pHEe+ ;f =juhjkua;uh/ juhjkubf/
bkJgjfgrkGh bkfhiGlrdJh/ pyfqidk o f nf =eJgadfhsf/ eGgrkGhsf/
pwkxW =;mkyh;H;t/ pGuzf ufonf =sdthkJ [famku/ kJ[f
pnf;&k;H a&; =jkGzmygl;K oKzFh/ amkujkFh/ sdthkJ cyqdfh/
pmcsKyf =;yga;kKgbfg/ prf;oyfonf =zfhbdf/
pdw0f g' =iGl;Kg rdua;uh/ pGwaf jymonf =rkfhkJ/
pdwu f ;l ,Ofq&dk ,S v f pf0g' =sJgrJg cugcdGg;y pGe@f }uJonf =[dJemyadfh/
rdua;uh/ paumpu =lKg;t lKgefhjug/ rfgrKh rfgrJg/
pOf;pm;jcif; =jkGgjfgskJg/ pD&ifonf =zygrkdfg/
ppfEikd o f nf =cflkJ/ pnfum;onf =jfgarkdt ugrkuG/
45
pnf;pdrcf sr;f om =[Hg,kf jGhu/g [Hg,kf
odfgiGh/
pifppftrSef =fgjuh fgeGg/ juheGg ;fgauh/
pOfrjywf =;fgjkFjug/ zygzFh/
ppfonf -zGrdf/ bGrdf/ vHglrkGrdf/
zJhbdf/
pGyo f nf =jfgl;musdth/
pGo
H nf =skyeGg/ emyrdf/
pef;yGio hf nf =emyeGg/
pHxm;onf =eJgjuha;uh/ eJg sf juhbf/
pkpH rf;onf =bdflkHh oFbdf/ oFbdf/
pyf[yfonf =eGgrkGhjuh/ rkGhnFg idf;Hh/
juheGg nFg;Hh/
pnfyifom,m =jkduhlkJhbkug ifhrdfh/
pGr;f aqmifonf =bkJgeGodfg/ bkJgodfgeG/
pdyo f nf =eJhlrkdJg/ lkfharyg/ ugjky/
pG,pf Hk =;kKhl;yh/ ;kfjfa;yg/
zkdflkauh/ zkdflkauh[muh/
zkdflmkug[duh/ zkdfiJpJh
;kKhl;yh/
pde;f pde;f -unfo h nf =a;Hga;Hgbdf/
bdfa;Hgifh/ ;Gh;Ghbdf/ bdfa;Hg/
pdr0hf ifonf =;fgzkdJhsdth/ ;fgrdJhsdth/
pdwu f ;l onf =jfgskJg/ jfgskJgsJg/ jfgskJg
ugsJg/ jfgskJg ,JgsJg/
pdwu f ;l ,Ofonf =jfgskJg rJgbkug/
pdwu f ;l pdwof ef; =jkGgjfgskJg/ iGl;Kg
fgjkGg jfgskJg/
pepf =juha;uh/
pH&efaiG =rFh[dJsJg/ rFh [dJrJhsJg/
pwk&ef; =l;KlrK jfgqkfg/
46
pmemaxmufxm;onf =iJ,kKg juheGg/
iJ,kKg eJgnmyh/
apm'uwufonf =oHhkJ odfg;t/
oHharJ odfg;t/ oHhcHg [dfh;t/
pD;yGm;OpPm =rkdfgskyodfg jkGgjGh[Fg/
pnf;vk;H nD!w G o f nf =l;KzFh lkJh[duh;Hh/
pOft h ;dk =iuh/ iuhedf/
pOf;vJonf =afgl;kdfg/
pyfonf =kdf/ a;dthjkt/ [uhaFh jtgeGg/
a;dthcyh[df/ a;mkyh cyh[df/
aphpyfonf =[du([du bJhqkGg)/ jkfhjkJg/
w&Gww f u
kd q
f oJG nf =zmygjfgrHh/
pHjy =bf;kdth/ jkGgeJg sf bf;kdth/
pH =bf/
pef@onf =oK(oKjfgl;kdth)/
pGezf sm; =oFh;t/
pGe@f ypfonf =qyhadfh/
pdro f nf =l;kdtg/ zJg/
pk;d &dro f nf =eJg,kKg/ akHakdfh/
pk;d &draf -umufusonf =eJg,kKg eGgiyg/
pk;d aph =jyhjG/ jfgayg/
apmifah &Smufonf =jfgakGg uglkKsky/
uglkK jfgakGgsky/
pum;ykH -'ku lkuguag dfh/ 'ku kJadfh/
'ku fgrK/ 'ku kJug/
pum; =;kfh'ku/ 'ku/ jkGgkJeGg/
pum;ajymonf =kJeGg oJg'ku/ kJeGg/
pum;}uD;pum;us,f ='ku[Hg 'ku;kdfh/
'kuzkK 'ku,kfh/
pum;ajy =;ygl;K ;fgcf/ ;kfh'ku
;fgcf/
pum;&nfvo k nf =[yhzGh;Hh 'kukJeGg/
pum;&nfvyk JG ='kukJeGg [yhzGh aHadf/
pwd;k cef; =jkfhjyh jkGg[K/
prkepf yg; =ekxtku/
ponf =zfodfg/ cHgeG ;fgqKh/ bkJg;fgqKh/
iyhjfgkJg/
pmwdu k f =;ygzdt ;ygakfg kygkuh/
pcef; =vfh;kJ ugl;K/ jkGgulg ;K vfh;kJ/
pmvk;H =;ygl;Kg/
pkonf =ugl;K/ ndJl;K/ eJgl;K/
pkpnf;onf =ugl;KzFh/ ugl;K yhzFh;Hh/
l;KzFh;Hh/
pdwaf umufonf =iGl;Kg jfgakfg/
bkJglkxt/
ppfo@Hk yef; =a;dJhlkFsky/
pmay =;yg;kGg/
pm&Guf pmwrf; -;yg;Gg/
pGo
J nf =zmGh(JgzmGh uhzmGh)/ yhzFha;kKg/
edfbfg/
pGvJ ef;onf =iJ,kFzFh/ sJgskyzFh/
sJgzmGhsky/
pm;yGcJ Hk =[yhrkGh/
pm;yGx J ;dk =lrkGg;JhJg ;Jhu/h
pm;ok;H jcif; =jkGgJug /h jkGgzfgJg zfgu/h
pDwef;vSnv hf nfonf =zdt;Jh lrku[fh
rkfh/
pufb;D =;kuhy,g ky/ ;kuh,ky/
pkpak ygi;f =l;Kl;yh;kKh/ l;Kjkt;kKh/
pl;onf =cdf/
pl;xk;d onf =cFhekxt/
plonf =zkdJzdthoJg (zkdJzdthoJg
47
vfhH)g /
pdwcf s = thbfgsky jkfhjkJg/ jkfhjkJg/
,kFsky jkfhjkJg/ iGl;Kg
,kFsky/ ,kFJgsky/
pdef =;kKiJlrdJh jfgvGh/
ppfajy_idr;f a&; =jkGgbkJglkJh [duhadfh
jkGgcf/
pdx
k idk ;f onf =jfgzkHh jfgy/h
pufu&d , d m =zGarFg zGarKh/
pif-u,fonf =bmkuhl;yh cyhl;kug/
pifòydit f pd;k & =vmy juhaGg/ vmy [yhzGh/
ppfa-umif; =a;dJha;uh a;dfodfg/
ppfonf =a;dJhnH/ fgzG/ a;dJhnH
a;uhnH/
ppfc&Hk ;Hk =a;dJhjkGg zygrkdfg fgl;K(;H)/
ppfjzpfonf =jkGgcf omkuhodfg/ bkJg
jkGgcf/ cf jkGgcf/
pnf;rJu h rf;rJt h ðytrl =iduldJ idfgldJ
fgjkGg bkJg,kug ;kdthoJg/
pdwu f ;l Om%f =jkGgjfgskJgzkdf/ iGl;Kg
jkGgjfgskJg jfgrdJh/
pdwpf o JG nf -iGl;Kg zmGhsky/
pmaypDppfa&; -;yg;kGg fgjkGg jfgrygjuh/
;yg;kGg fgjkGg zJhbdf rfhjuh/
pdw&f y_ o f nf -iGl;Kg bkJgkdfh/ iGl;Kg
cHcf/
p}uFm0Vm -lfgidtgl;K/
pdw! f pS o f nf =iGl;KgldJ/ iGl;KgzkdJh/
pdw! f @kd ynm =zmyga;kKg iGl;Kg iynG/
pdwZW =iGl;Kg iGhrkGg/ iGl;Kg jfgbmyh/
pdwx f ufoefonf =iGl;Kgcdug/
pdw0f ifpm;onf =iGl;Kgu/g iGl;Kg pm&if; -zfgrfh/h
ugakath/ iGl;Kg cdugakath/ iGl;Kg pm&if;udik f -lrkGglkF zfgrfh/
sdth aHhakath/ pm&if;ppf -lrkGgzJh zfgrfh/
pdwyf nm =iGgl;Kg iynG/ pm&dwW -jkGgug jfgryg/ skJ fgjkGg ugjfgryg/
pdwv f y+ &f mS ;onf =iGl;Kg[Kg/ iGl;Kg pmvk;H aygi;f -;ygl;Kgl;K/
akHakf/ pmvk;H aygi;f onf -kt ;ygl;Kgl;K/
pdw0f rf;uGo J nf =iGl;Kg ;kHgvuvdJg/ pmtkyf -;yg[dJ/
iGl;Kg ;kHgvu vdJh;Hh/ iGl;Kg pmtdwf -;ygaKh/
nGadJh vdJh;Hh/ pmtkyzf ;Hk -;yg[dJ aKha;Kh/
pdwt f m;i,fonf =iGl;KgzkG/ iGl;Kg pmusuo f nf -idukt ;yg/
cKhjug/ pm;aomufqidk f -cGgJg cGguah ;G/
pEN&m; =jygjt[Hg/ pD;u&ufb;l -cy;y eHhoKh/
prf;w0g;0g; =nFhiF nFgzktg/ pkaygi;f v,f,m -;kdf l;KzFh/
prf;w0g;0g;oGm;onf =zdtiF zdtzktg/ pl;pdu
k jf cif; -jkGgdfzF sJgjkJg/
pdrx hf u G o f nf =;fgzdJhoJg/ ;fgrdJhoJg/ apvGwo f nf -l;mkuhzdt/
pkpH rf;onf =bdflkHg oFbdf/ puUL -zJgefg/
pkpH rf;ppfaq;onf =bdflkHh oFzJhbdf/ aphpyf!EdS i_d ;f onf -[tgpfh lkJh[duh;Hh/
pGu
J yfonf =yha;kKg/ rkGhsky/ bkJgeGg/ puULcsKyfpuf -zG xfbfg zJgefg/
pwl', D kd -jkGg[Kg jkGgfkxt kygkuh/ apcdik ;f onf -sKh/
pawmfb,f&D -[yhafg 'myh,dug/ pufcsKyform; -lrkGgcG zG/
pwD&, D mwkid f -rfgqkFg oHgefh/ puf&Hk -zGrkdfg kygkuh/
pmwdu k yf ;Hk -;yglHh/ pufaoewf -cysdfg oJgzFh/
pm;awmfyJ -afgeGg aHh;fh/ p}uFm -a;dfodfg;th/
pmwnf; -jkGeJhjkFh ;yg/ apmif; -jyg[Kg jfgakfg/
pmayAdrmef -;yg;kGg kygkuh/ ppfwvif; -jkGgcf vfh;kJ/
pmyd@k -;ygjkGgiHh/ ppfwidk ;f -a;dJhlt jfg;kdf/
pmyd'k f -;yglrkul;K/ ppfaxmufcsKyf -a;dJhjfgomu [Hga;kKg/
pmðypkonf -rfhl;KoJg ;yh/ ppfrZhJ ek f -jkGgcf ug[fh vfh;kJ/
pmzwfonf -kt ;yg/ ppfaoemywd -a;dJh[Hg vHga;kKg/
pma&;pmusD -zfgrJh/ zfgrJh lrkGgrfh/ pOfwiG f -eyhsdtgvGh/
pma&;ud&, d m -jkG;kJ rfh;yg arFgarKh/ pOf;pm;onf -jfgskJg/
48
pnf -oKh/ iuh[Hg/ Gkdfhl;y/
pnf; -a;dfl;dJg/ aqmify'k f ='ku,JgeGg/ 'kuJgbfg/ 'kuGouh/
pnf;csonf -[dfgjkfh a;dfl;dJg/ 'kueJga;kKg/
pdwf -iGl;Kg/ jkGgjfgskJg/ qef@usiaf jymqko d nf =kJeGg cfaug/ kJeGg
pdww f o
kd nf -iGl;Kgnkatg/ iGl;Kg[Hg/ cfjkFh/ kJeGg cfrkdfh/
pkwo f nf -zmy/ qkwq H w d f -cdJh,kH jfhcy/
pke;f -sJ/ aq;cyfonf -ekxtg jfgrdJg/ ekxtbkFgg
prf;acsmif; -odJha;uhnH/ sf jfgrdJg/
prf;oyf¹yGef -bkfh[kxtgeuh ;kJzfhbdf/ qufa=u; -rFh amkyhcdug/ rFh amkyhl;Gg/
pdr;f um;onf -jfgvuhadfh/ qef@usib f uf =cfaug/ fg cfaug/ fg cfjkFh/
pkH -nHg/ fgcfrkdfh jfga;my/
pGe@f ypfonf -qyhadfh/ qef@usirf + =jkGgcfaug/ jkGgcfjkFh/
pGyuf s,t f if;usD -zkfg,du/ qef@usiv f #uf =cfaugkdfh/ cfaugadfh/
pGr;f &nf -skJjkGg zkdf[Gg/ qENjyonf =[tg;kdth odfgkGh/

q qEN&o
[tg;kdthodfg jkGgeGgiG/
dS nf =jkGgeGgiG ug/ jkGiJ,kF
qkid f =a;G/ kyg ;kJakdfa;G/ bdfcFhu/g
q,fajrmif; =odJhvKg odJha;uh/ qef@usiaf &;0g' =cfaug rdua;uh/
qkwcf mG onf =iKakfgvdJh jfgnfh/ iKiF qGay;r+ =jkGgjfgcdfg eKodfg/ jkGcF
akfgvdJh jfgnfh/ eKodfg/ jkGgjtg oHgrkdfhodfg/
qk;H jzwfcsuf =[dfgjkFh jkfhl;y/ jfg,Jg qkid ;f xm;onf =ugakat adfhrkJh/
l;Fhl;y/ eJgakat akathrkJh/
qk;H ronf =kJidu kJidfg/ iduidfg/ qkvd o dk nf =nHhiJkJ/ nHh iJkJsdtg/
qyfjym =oFbmkuh/ qdik ;f ykwf =;yga;Gug/
qyfjymr+e@f =oFbmkuhbFg/ qifjcifonf =sJgjkJg/ sJgodfg sJg;kdfg/
qENrJ =iJ,kFiG/ jfg,Jgbdf jkfhjkJg/ jfg,Jgbdf
qEN =iG;kKh fgjkGg iJ,kF/ jkGjuhg odfg;kdfg/
iGl;Kg/ jkGgeGgiG/ aqGaEG;onf =kJeGg [tgpfh/ kJeGg [tgpfh
qufvuf =zyhzFh l;Jgkdfh/ zyhzFh vdJh;Hh
jkfhl;Jgkdfh/ jkfhkdfhpJh/ aqmufvyk o f nf =JgcKodfg/ JgcK
qifah c:csuf ='kuzky Gkdfhl;y/ bkJgodfg/
49
qufo, G o f nf =l;kduhoFh/ zmygyzh Fh/ q,fwifonf =ndJodfgoJg/
l;mkuhoFh yhzFh/ qD;ESi;f cJ =eHhvHgvdf/ odJhjfgcy vdf/
aq;ppfonf =zfhbdf jkGgcmy/ qJqJ =atrkGh(atrkGhbkJg)/ eyhatrkGh/
qdwu f , G &f mt&yf =idtgarJh [Kkat qJqo dk nf =ygcKh/ ygcKh ygefg/
vfh;kJ/ aq;a-umonf =cyhl;yh/ Jgidtgryg/
qkw, f w k o f nf =;fgrdt ;fgrkGg/ ;fgrdt aq; =jkGgvHg/ jfgrdJgJ/g
;fgrkGgjkfh/ qyf =l;f(l;fcHg)/
qwljzpfonf =eGlmy juheGg/ qGqJ efo h nf =zmygoHhoJg/ zmygduoJg/
qnf;uyfonf =rfgkdfh ,kFpkf/ zmyg,duoJg/
qnf;yl;onf =rfgkdfh ndJidu/ qef;-u,fonf =vuvdJg oJg;kdth/
qkq H nf;onf =jkfhcFg;Hh/ qGr;f =zKemy cGgJ/g
vwfvwfqwfqwf =iyidth iGhlfh/ aqmif;&moD =sfgoJg akJruvGh/
iyidth af,myh/ aqmif;Owk =;GhiGg akJrkuvGh/
qGwq f w G jf zLonf =eHhcF;F/ eHhcHjF/ qk =cdJh,kH/ jkGgskyeGg/
qnf;yl;avhvmonf =rfgkdfh ndJidu qk;H jzwfonf =eJgjh kFhjkfh/ jfg,Jg jkFhjkfh/
iJpJh/ qk;H jzwfcsucf srw S o
f nf =[dfgjkfh jfg,Jg
qI-unfo h nf =jfg,Jbdf/ arkdtbdf/ jkFhjkfhl;y/
qDqidk o f nf=eGgrkGh/ qifajcay;onf =kJl;muoJg/ [dJ jkGg
qD;Ióudonf =ugGcFg/ uglkK GcFg/ kJl;mu/
qk;d qk;d 0g;0g; =zkdJhzkdJh zkFgzkFg/ qGx
J w k o f nf =zmygoJg/
qef@onf =zFg/ zFgoHh/ zFgjfgakfg/ qlno H nf =lrkfgjfgart jfgarG/
qHo
h nf =sdthjuh/ sdtug[h ug/ fg[ug/ lrkfgrH lrkfgjG/
qef;onf =vuvdJg/ oJgiGh/ fgvu fgvdJg/ qk;d onf =kfhrygzkdf/ kfhvfhaGg/
syjkt/ q&m0ef =jkGgvHg ifrf/
qdw_f idro f nf =idtgarJh ugkxtg/ qka-u;aiG =cdJ,kHrFh/
qef;ppfonf =jfg,Jg [dfbdf/ oFzJh qlyo l nf =iJlrkduh/ bkJgcHcf/
jfg,Jgbdf/ iJlrkduh iJ;yg/
qk;H =jfg[Fg;t/ [tvdJh;t/ qlyu G o f nf =eKjfgdf/
qmavmifonf =iJqyh iJJg/ aq;cef; =jkGgvHg fg[K/
qnf;qmcsed f =bkKjkfh rfg,kJg/ aq;pyfonf =a;kdth jkGgvHg/ afglrkHg
qDav#mo f nf =juheGg/ jkGgvHg/
50
ql_zd;onf =eFgidJg afg;kdf/ aqmif&u G of nf =ndJodfg bkJgodfg/
aq;acsmufyif =jfgrdJhbkFg arkfhbkK/ qif;oufayguzf mG ;onf =a;mkyh ;fg;my
aq;qd;k onf =eGg;fg(eGg;fg;kyg jkfhafg;kdfg omkuhodfg/
eGg;fg;kKg)/ zkJg;fg jkGgvHg/ qENðyonf =[dfg;kdtoJgh nHh juh
aq;a&mifpHk -jkGvHg;fg fgztgztg/ iGl;Kg/ [dfg;kdth nHh ;kJiJ,kF/
aq;+rD;wdk -jkGgvHg cyhbkJlrdfh/ jkGgvHg amkyhodfglkJ nHh juhiGl;Kg/
cyhbkJakat/ [dJ;kdth iGl;Kg juheGg/
aq;odyH` -jkGgvHg cyg;ygiG cyxy/ qdyu f rf; =iwKga;dJh ;kJug/
qHacG =vHgoF/ odJha;uhoFh/
qHx;dk =vHgcdf/ qkyu f ikd x
f m;onf =aryga;kKgsky/
qHyifwk =vHg;kdtgedJg/ vHg;kdtg efeFh/ qkcH suf =jkfhcFgl;y/
qk;d ,Gr;f ,kwrf monf =kfhrygzkdf vfhaGg/ qkpH nf;onf =jkfhcFg l;KzFh/
qufco H nf =odfg fgvfh;kJ/ odfgaJg qk;H &SLH ;onf =;fgzkH ;fglrKg/ ;fgzkH/
vfh;kJ/ q,fausmo f uft&G,f =lrkGg sfgcdJvHg/
qufpyfr+ =jkGgyh zFh;Hh/ aqGrsKd ;quf =a;mkyh;d h fhoFh/
qufqo H nf =bkJgvuh bkJgidu/ l;muhoFh/ qGaJ c:onf =Gzmygzdt/
bkJgzFh jkt;Hh/ qG,o f nf =Jg;ug/ kJiJ;kKh/
qufwu dk f =zygzFh/ l;Jgkdfh/ qifacsqifvuf ='kul;mku 'kunmkyh/
qufwu dk jf zpfonf =omkuhodfg zygzFh/ q&m -ifrf/
omkuhodfg l;Jgkdfh/ qvwf&u G f -cfg;f jfgl;Gg/
qufvyk o f nf =bkJgl;Jgkdfh/ bkJgzyhzFh qm;iefonf -JgiGg cFhkGh/
l;Jgkdfh/ qD -[tug/ iHodJh/
qD;oGm;onf -ygcdJg/ ql;a!Smifch vkwf -cHgcdf jfgnKh/ cHgcdf
qD;csLad &m*g -jkGgcmy ygcdJgcdt/ cHgau/
aqG;onf -fgarH/ lfgH/g fg;dJg arHarG/ aq;qd;k ol -lrkGg zkJg;fg jkGgvHg/
qku d af &mufonf =kdfhjkdth/ zdtjkdth/ aq;xk;d tyf -oG ;kJcf jkGgvHg/
qifjcifww Hk &m;uif;rJo
h nf =jkGgjfgskJg aq;0g;-jkGgvHg jkGgjdJ/
odfg;kdfg zKjkJg ugjug/ jkGgjfg,Jg aq;okwo f -l lrkGg oF jkGgvHg/ lrkG
odfg;kdfg ugjug/ l;kK jkGgvHg/
qufE, G o f nf =yhzFhjkt/ yhzFhjkt;Hh/ yhzFh qJa&;wkid ;f xGmonf -ygcKh ygefg/
vdJh;Hh/ qk&d ;kd pum; -'ku ;kJa;uhkJ/
51
qufo, G af &;ò*dvw
f k -cGg,kug efeFh
Zmwm =;yguog Jg/
;kJl;mkuhoFh/ Zufóud; =jfgiy ffgl;dJg/
qifqmvkyo f l -lrkGg bdfeJh jkFhjkfh/
Zmwf =jkGgkt;Jh ;fgqkKh/
qifu h aJ jymif;vJr_ -jkGgjfg;dfg fgskJZ,f =;fgqkKhl;Kg/
fgjkujku/ Zdrf =fgbkug/
qdik &f iS f -a;GedfgzGg/ aZmufx;dk =jfga;my/
qef;jym;onf -vuvdJg/ aZmufx;dk rk;d ar#mf =jfga;my odfgbK/
q,fq -lmycdJ/ ZD;jzLyif =[yhafg ;dJbkK/
q,fEpS &f moD -;GhiGg cdJsdJhkFg/ ZD;oD; =[yhafg ;dJiGg/
aqGah jrhonf -arHarG/ Zd;uGuf =oHgekxtg/
qGóJ ud; -afg;kfhl;dJg/ l;dJgzmyg/ Zmxk;d onf =vf iuhcFg/
qGaJ qmifr_ -jkGgJ; Zgwcd suaf ºuGae&m =vfh;kJ ugoJg [yheuh
g ug iJ,kF/ jkGgJ;
g ug
iJbdf/ jkGgJ'g ug oKzmyg/ vfh;kJ/
qGq
J w k o f nf -oK,kGhadfh/ ZD0yd;k r$m;ppfqifa&; =jkGgcf sf iGomkuh
qG@H tem;r=um;ol -lGafgK/h arkGomkug/
qGwcf ;l onf -Jgefg/ skyeGg ndJsky/ ZD0"gwak y' =iGomkuh arkGomkug cyxy/
qG,w f m -zkfg,du l;fhoHh/ Zd0vufeuf =iGomkuh arkGomkug
qyfuyfyJG -jkGgnH jkGg;dJg fgjkGg ;fgqKh/ jfgakatg jfgeGh/
qD;jzLyif -jfg;GhbkK/ Zifa,mifiu S f =oHg;Jh odJhvHg/
qkawmif;onf -amkyhzKeGh/ Zpf =zmyga;G/ kdJgzkfg zmyga;G/
aqmif;yg; -;yg jkGgrJgnkatg/ Zpfjrpf =vfhcdJ/ fg vfhcdJ;t/
Zgwf =(lrkGg;kHg)jkGg;kJ a;uh[kxtg/
Z jkGglt Jg;Jh/
Zgwo f bif =jkGglt;Jh oJg;kdth/ Zgw! f eG ;f =jkGg[df kt;Jhh fg a;uh/
ZD0aA' =iGomkuh cyxy/ jkGgkt;Jh fga;uh/
Zmwd =vfh;kJ ugoJg/ Zgwv f rf; =jkGgkt;Jh fga;df/
ZGww f &Gwf =jfgl;kdt sKhcdug/ Zgwo f rd ;f =jkGgkt;Jh sug;t/
aZmf*sD =lrkGgbyglrkug/ zKemy bkyglrkug Zgwt f zG@J =lrkGgkt;Jh fgl;K/
Zdrcf o
H nf =vdfugeGg jkGgfbg kug/ Zdrcf yH pPn;f =jkfhbkxt jyhjkGg
aZmac|;jyefonf =akHifh jfgzdJ oJg/ ;kJvdfbkug/
ZeD; =bJh/ Zdraf cgi;f =kygbdfnGg vHga;K/
52
Zdrcf rH ,f =kygbdfnGg/
Zg0ufom =jkGgvHg imyxy/
ZGJ =jkGgdfzF vdfheG/
Zgwv f udk rf if;om; =lrkGgfddf
zkdJzkdfnGh/
Zgwv f udk rf iforD; =lrkGgfddf
zkdJzkdfbkxt/
Zgwaf umif =lrkGgkt;Jh/
Zgwq f &m =lrkGgkt;Jh ifrf/
Za0Z0gjzpfonf -jfgskJg iFzktg/ lfg;yh
lfg;ku
Zg -eGgHh jfglrdJh/
Zgwcf Hk -jkGg;kJ Jg;JhrkG/
Zum -[fhaKg jfgjrdJh/
ZvDzg;wk;H -;kuhbygFh a;dfbmu/
ZvkH -eJh[Hg/
Zmyg; -eGgHh eFhjfglrdJh/
ZD;&So
d nf -ugsf fgkK fgiG/
Zuf -akdfhoFgvHg/
ps
psmye =;kxthjkug/
psmyetcrf;tem; =;kxtjkug jkGgjfgryg/
aps; =a;G/
psmefw&m; =,dtglrkug jkGgzK/
psmef =,dtglrkug/
psKH =a;fhbJh/
aps;upm;onf =;fgqKh odfg;kdfg
jkGg'kuglrkyg/
aps;qpfonf =sKheJg jkfh,dug 'kuglrkyg/
53
kJ'kugjkfh/ kJ'kugaKg/
aps;wifa&mif;csonf =JgcGh [dfgodfg
'kuglrkyg/
aps;ae@ =a;GeGg/
aps;òrd@ =a;Gqkyh/
aps;aygonf -'kugaKg/
Om
Om%f =jfgskJg jfgrdJh/
Om%f}uD;&Sif =jfgskJg jfgrdJh edfgzGg/
Om%fueG ;f jrL;onf =jfgskJg jfgrdJh
;kdthoJg jfgvGh/
Om%fprf;ar;cGe;f ='kucHg[dfh zJhbdf
jfgskJg jfgrdJh/
Om%fynm =jfgskJg jfgrdJh iynG/
Om%fynm&So d nf =jfgskJg jfgrdJh iynGug/
Om%fyal Zmfc =jfgskJg jfgrdJh vmuaGg/
Om%f&nf =jfgskJg jfgrdJh fg jkGgzkdf
[Gg/
Om%fopfavmif;oifwef; =jkGgiduodfg
jfgskJg jfgrdJh fg jkGgzkdf fgiGh/
n
!Ge-f um;a&; =jkGg,kHh;kdth/
nD!w G af &;wyfaygi;f pk =jkGglkJh [duhzFh
a;dJhl;K/
nDr#a&;0g' =rfg[Fh juheGg rdua;uh/
n%f%vkyt f m; =jfgskJg jfgrdJh
jkGgbkJgkGh/ skJvHg jkGgbkJgkGh/
!Ge-f um;csuf =,kHjkfhh ;kdthl;y/
nDvmcH -amugqnrG/ jkGgaH [Hglkauh/
jkGgaH [Hglmkuh/
!Ge-f um;jcif; =jkGg,kHh ;kdthjkfh/
npfywfr+ =jkGgafgl;kdfg rygzkdf/
jkGgrygzkdf/ jkGgafg eHhbkdf/
nDnmonf =lkJhrfg[Fh/
nDr#onf =idflkJh rfg[Fh/ idflkauh
[duh/
nDwo l nf =idfjuh;Hh/ idfrfg [Fh;Hh/
!dES i+d ;f onf =kJcug sdthaHh;Hh/ jtglfg/
jtglfg sdthaHh;Hh/ [ygpfh
sdthaHh;Hh/
!S, d o l nf =zmygjuheGg/ bkJglkJh/ zmyglkJh/
_iD;aiG@onf =iGhl;GhbkJg/ iGhl;Ghu/g oJgiJ
jfgaKh/
npfnrf;onf =rygzkdf eHhbkdf/
rygzkdf jfglru/ jfglru jfglrfg/
nD!w G of nf =lkJh[duh;Hh/ lkJh[muh;Hh/
!Gwu f iG ;f =jfgzkdfh l;dJgaHh/
n%f =jkGgsJg iJpJh/ jfgskJg jfgrdJh/
nHo h nf =zkdfrdfjug/ lG/ zfgarkKh
lG'K/ l;uhjug/ lGiHg/
npfywfon =f afgl;kdfg rygzkdf/
eHhbkdf rygzkdf/
nmonf =kJ,K/ ;fgkuh/ kJ,K kJ;Jh/
nHzh si;f onf =fglG fgiHg/ lGiHg/
anmifyif =a;KgbkK/
anmif;nmonf =fg jfg,kG/ jfg,Kh jfg,kG/
a!Smo f nf =fg skxtgakH skxtgarkdu/
anmif;rdonf =eGgjkGg jfg,Kh jfg,kG/
54
nDwrl #wl =rfg[Fh juheGg idf;Hh/
!$e;f onf =,kHh;kdthjuh/ ,kHh;kdth
vdJhidf/
n =bkKvy/ bkKkJh/
nvk;H ayguf =jfgiGh jfgiGg/
nmvuf&;Hk =lrkGg [t sKhJsg ky [t jfgvHg
zKomu vfh;kJ/ jfgvHg zKomu/
nifomonf =ugkatg idtgarJh/ zkGskfg
ugkatg/
nD!w G rf ò+ yduo
JG nf =jkGglkJh[duh jkfhlrKg
nGadfh/
nOfo h efacgif =bkKskJgvGh/
!dok }uD; =vfh[kxtg jfglkug/ vfhvyg/
!do k }uD;&D;k =vfh[kxtg jfgflg kugarmy/
vfhvygarmy/
!SKd "h gwf =cyxy zmyiGg/
!SKd o
h nf =zmygiG/
!SO;f yef;ESyd pf ufonf =bkJzkdJh bkJzkFg/
!Syo f nf =[f[dJ/ Jgzyg/ JgrJh/
!Syzf ed yf =vfhnf [f[dJ/
n$e-f um;a&;rSL;csKKyf =lrkGg ,kHh;kdthjkfh
[HgvHga;kKg/
n$e-f um;onf =,kHh;kdthjkfh/
n$ejf yonf =,kHhoJg;kdth/
nDr#aom -[t rfg[Fh idf;Hh/
!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & -vmy l;KzFh/
X
Xme =bfeuh/ vfh;kJ/
XmecsKKyf =vfh;kJa;kKg/ bfeuha;kKg/
Xmepdyf =bfeuh eJharkyg/ vfh;kJ
eJharkyg/
XmecGJ =bfeuh eJhadJh/ vfh;kJ eJhadJh/
XmeD =vfh;kJ ugsJg/ vfh;kJ ugsky/
XmeDwidk ;f &if;om; =vfh;kJ ugsJg lrkGg;kHg
bdJhztg/
Xyem =jyhjkGg zfcGh/
Xmyemonf =eJg;kdfg jyhjkGg zfhcGh/
w ;kdflrG jkuztg/
wyfaygi;f pkwyfO;D =a;dJhl;K zyby/
wkid ;f ðyjynfðyv$waf wmf =akJ;kJ
l;Fl;uh/
wyfrawmf =a;dJha;uh/
wwyfpyd f =a;dJh jfgeGidu/
wwyfpk =a;dJh jfgeGbkHg/
wwyfcJG =a;dJh jfgeGl;K/
wwyf&if; =a;dJh jfgeGzFh/
wwyfr[m =a;dJh jfgeGa;uh/
wyfajymif;a&G@a&; =a;dJh jkGgiKiF/
wyfwiG ;f o,f,yl @kd aqmifa&; =a;dJhaHh
jkGgndJiHh zdtakfg/
wyfwiG ;f tkycf sKKyfa&; =a;dJhaHh jkGglt
jfgry/
awmfveS af &; =jkGglt odfgjuh/
wm0ef =jkGg[dfgvHg/
wef;pm; =jkuztg/
wnfaqmufa&; =jkGgcK a;kKgodfg/
wm;qD;jcif; =jkGgbkJg jkfhjkFh [yh[dfh/
jkGgbkJg jkfhjkFh/
55
wefjyefawmfveS af &; =jkGgjfg akGgcFg
jkGglt odfgjuh/
wpnf;wvk;H wnf; =jfgl;K jfgzFhjdth/
w0du + f =jfgqkyh jfg[fh/ jfgqkyh jfgqkfg/
wwkid ;f =jfg;kdf/
wGe;f tm; =jtkGh/ cdfgkGh/
wkid ;f jynf =odJhakJ/
wuf =odfg/
awmifov l ,form;vlwef;pm;=lrkGgJrg kdfg
w&m;aoorm; =lrkGgiHgjkKhh iGjkKh/
lrkGg,kF JgjkKh/
wyfpyd rf LS ; =eGidu a;dJhifrf/
wyfprk LS ; =eGbkHg a;dJhvHg/
wyfcrJG LS ; =eGl;K a;dJhvHg/
wyf&if;rSL; =eGzFh a;dJhvHg/
wyfr[mrSL; =eGa;uh a;dJhvHg/
awmifbuf =eG;kdfg/ zy;kdfg/
awmifov l ,form; =lrkGgrkdfgJg
;kdfnH/
awmif,mckwo f rm; =lrkGglkfhJg
lrGcugnH/
wifjycsuf =[dfg;kdthodfg l;y/
aw;uAsm&Sif =;ygktruh edfgzGg/
;kJktruh edfgzGg/
wm0efcH =lrkGgvdflkF jkGg[dfgvHg/
wnDw!Gwf =jfgl;K lkJh[duh/ jfgl;K
lkJh[muh/ rfg[Fh lkJh[duh/
wu,fjzpf&adS om =[t omkuhodfg ug ;fgauh/
wku
d &f u dk f =zKzF/ juh[Gh/ cyhjkK/
w&m;a&; =jkGgeJhzK/
wpGe;f wp =jfgaKh jfgayg/ jfgarKh jfgaryg/ [dfgodfg [tgpfh;kdth/
w&m;aom =[t fgzK fgjkJg/ [t zKjkJg way =jfgl;kGhjkFh/
fgaHh/ wav#mufv;Hk =jfgzkHhoFh/h jfgzkHhnkat/
wif;rmr+ =jkGgvK lrdJhcFg/ jkGgaK fgoFhoFh/ jfgzkHh nkat;kdt/
lrdJhcFg/ wef;wla&; =jkGgjku rfg[Fh/ jkGgug rfg[Fh/
w&m;vkd =lrkGgvdfjuh/ w&m;r#wonf =eJhzK idfjuh/ eJhzK
w&m;cH =lrkGgvdfiF/ jkfhjkJg/ eJhzK rfg[Fh/
wke@f jyef =bkJgakfg vdJhcFg/ vdJhcFg/ w&yfv;Hk =jfglrf l;KzFh/ jfglrfzFh/
bkJg;dJhcFg/ w&m;r#wjcif; =jkGgeJhzK idfjuh/
awmifwef;a'o =cugvHg vfh;kJ/ jkGgeJhzK lkJh[duh/ jkGgeJhzK
wqifh =jfgjku/ [uhjku/ rfg[Fh/
wku d cf u dk &f eftoifjh yif =jfgrygsJg juhcfcFg/ wku d cf u dk af jcr+e;f onf =cfcybkJ l;Fhadfh/
ugjfgryg ;kJcfcFg/ wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ; =akJaHh lrkGg;kHg
wyfyek ;f cswu dk cf u
kd jf cif; =jkGgumg u cfvdJ/ bdJhztg/
wHqyd w f ;Hk =jfhcy/ jfgcya;kK/ wyfaygi;f pkzphJG nf;jcif; =jkGgcK l;Kodfg
wcGew f idk f =yg;Hh/ akJomkuheuh/ augouheuh/ a;dJhl;KzFh/
awmufajymifonf =jfgvGh oJg;kdth/ wk;d wufonf =[Hgodfg Godfg/ [Hgodfg
woufwm =jfgoFh lrkGg;kHg/ jfgzkHh oHhodfg/
lrkGg;kHg/ jfgoFh omkuhlrkGg/ wufºuGonf =rJgodfg/ iGl;Kg cduodfg/g
awmifa0S@ =ygodf;fh/ wufwufºuGºuGun l o
D nf =bkJgzkdu sf
wwd, =idth;H;t/ rJgodfg cdugcdug cKhcKh/
w&m;r#wr+ =jkGgzK eJh[duh/ jkGgzK wkev f y+ o f nf =jfgpkfh vdJ,F/
eJh[muh/ jkGgzkdfg lkJhrfg[Fh/ wkecf o H nf =jfgpkfh jfgl;kKg/
wifjyonf =[dfg;kdthodfg/ wdusonf =jkfhjkJg/ bkfjkfhjkJg/ juheGg
wefjyefuek x f w k v f yk if ef; =bkJgoJg ;kdJhaGg jkfhjkJg/
jkGgakat jkGgbkJg/ wGe;f vSeo f nf =cdfgjkfha;kKh/
wk;d wufatmifjrifonf =[Hgodfg Godfg cdfgoJgadfh/
lkJhodfg/ [Hgodfg oHhodfg wdraf umyaysmufonf =;fgrdt
lkJhodfg/ cybkJadfh/
waoGrwdr;f =idfjuheGg/ zKzF juheGg/ wdrðf ryfonf =;fgzFadfh/ ;fgzF
wifjyaqG;aEG;onf =kJodfg [tgpfh;kdth/ bkJadfh/
56
wa,mufwav =jfglrkGg jfgu/g wdr;f apmif;onf =;fga;kKh jfgzfh/
wnfrh wfonf =zKjuheGg/ jkfhjuh eGzKg/ awmif;wif;onf =lrdJhbfg jfgpfh/
wnfw h nfah jym =kJzK rfgsG/ kJzKzK/ lrdJhcKh jfgpfh/
wnf-unfonf =cfhlrkGh jkduh[Hg/ wGucf suo f nf =omGhzJhbdf/ omGh,Jgbg df/
wl&, d m =jkGg[Kg jkGgfkxt/ wdo
k nf =nkatg/
wifwh ,fonf =jkduhifhrdfh/ wkad wmif;onf =nkatgjt/
wif;wdro f nf =iJ;kKh eyhlkKg/ iJ;kKh wif;wdraf &mif&h jJ cif; =jkGgiJ;kKh eyhlkKg/g
efskyeGg/ rygiG ef fgu/g jkGgiJ;kKh eyh juhskyeGg/
wwfEikd o f nf =eG/ bkJgeG/ bkJgeG;fh/ jkGgiJ;kKheyh ;kJskyeGg/
wefonf ='kuglrkygjuh/ 'kuglrkyg juheGg/ jkGgrygiG efskyeGg/
aKgeGgjuh/ wrvGeb f 0 =jkGgug ifhrdfh [t
wrf;wonf =iJ,kF bdfcFg/ iJ,kF ;kxthakJ/
skyeGg/ woD;yk*v ~ u d =[FgjGh jfglrkGgjdt/h
wdyef mrdwf =,Jgomkuh vucdJg/ ,Jgomkuh wGe@w f o
dk nf =iJ;uh [dJoJg/
bdf;mku/ w&m;a[monf =kKjfgrfh/ kJlrKg
wku
d w f eG ;f onf =jfgomu jfgcdfgodfg/ oJg;kdth/
wnfwnfww hH hH =a;kKga;kKg bfgbfg/ w&m;rr+ =jkGgiF zkGlrdJh/
a;kKgbfg cfhlrkG/ awmif;yefonf =amkyhiJ,kKg/
wwfajrmufonf =zkdfodfg/ awmif;qko d nf =amkygodfg/
wkyonf =bdfeFhbkJg/ bkJgefeFh/ wkud f =a;Fefg/ cf/ jkfeGg/
wDxiG o f nf =bkJgomkuhodfg/ bkJgoJgomkuh/ wefc;dk =jfgrdJh jfgvGh/ jfgrdJh[Hg/
wnfaxmifonf =cKomkuhodfg/ w&m;0ifonf =sdth jkGgeJh zKaHh/ sdth
wGe;f yk@d onf =cdfgiHhomkuh/ cdfgiHhodfg/ zfgrfhaHh/ ug jkGgeJh zKaHh/
wdusreS u f efpmG =jkfhjkJg juheGg pfgzkK/ waq; =kathbkFg/
wlno D nf =idfrfg[Fh vdJh;Hh/ wnDw!Gww f nf; =jfgl;K lkJh[duhjdth/
idfvdJh;Hh wa,m =jygzmyg/
wuUov dk f =iynG jkuvHg/ iynG jkuoHh/ w&m;cHjyoufao =lrkGgvdfiF fg
wuUov dk af usmif; =iynG jkuvHg jkGgvdf jdf;kdth/
idu;ygkuh/ w&m;pD&ifcsuf =jkGgzyg rkdfgl;y/
awhIxm;onf =[dfga;kfnFg/ w&m;pD&ifq;Hk jywfonf =zygrkdfg
wdr;f ,dr;f onf =muouh mu;kdfg/ [dfgjkFhjkfh/
57
w&m;pGo J nf =zmGhjfgrfh/ ,kGh sf wkew f ek &f &D D =jfgpkfh jfg[Gg/
jkGgeJhzK/ wkev f y+ af csmufcsm;onf =iJcJg vdJ,kF/
w&m;rusix hf ;Hk =jkGgiF zkGlrdJh eJhzK jfgpfh vdJ,kF/
;kJa;uh/ -wd*H =idthskfhlrku/ idthskfh jfgqkfg/
w&m;r0if =sdth jkGgeJhzK aHhjug/ sdth awGa0xkid ;f r+id ;f =odtgvy jfglkfg/
zfgrfh aHhjug/ awG@&o dS nf =bdfodJg/ bdfodJgu/g
w&m;vkjd youfao =lrkGgvdfjuh fg awG;qonf =jfgskJg jfg,Jg/
jkGgvdf jdf;kdth/ awG;ac:onf =jfgskJg jkfhcf/ jfgskJg
w&m;aov$wo f nf =cHgl;G;fh sf jkfhl;H/
jkGgeJhzK/ awG;awmonf =jfgskJg/ ugjfgskJg/
w&kyZf ;D oD; =kJh[yh afg;dJhiGg/ wGb
J uf =zygzFh/
wmwkad jy;onf =a;dfg fgnFg/ wG,w f monf =iJ;kGg ,kKgsky/
wd&pd m> ef =jkGgnH jkGg;dJg/ jkGgarkG wku d cf si;f ypf';Hk ysH =cy;H ;kJvG a;Fefg
jkGgodug/ jkGgbkyg jkGgbkdf/ sf a;Fefg/
wD;wk;d 0g'jze@o f nf =l;mkuhoJg lfgcyhkatg wku d q f idk o f nf =jkfhjuh jkfheGg/ jkfhjuh
rdua;uh/ cdtvGh/ jkfhjuh cFg;Hh/
wl;ajrmif; =odJa;uhqkGh/ wdu k t f rd f -kygueFg/
aw;uAsm ='kuktruh 'kuktrGg/ wdu k yf JG =jkGgcf/
aw;pyfol =lrkG cHgjJ 'kuktruh/ wkud &f u kd yf pfonf =vGzKzF/ vGjuh[Gh/
awm =bkyg[Hg iHga;Gh/ vGcyhjkK/
wcg;rSL;=lrkGgulg kK afg[fhvHg/ wku d af v,Of =akathiKhnKh ;kJcf/
wHceG f =eGgHh zkKakath/ wif;um; =;kuhzG jkKoG/ bKgjfgafh
wHigonf =lrkGg lkFJgjkGh/ jkKoG/
wHqyd af cgi;f =jfhcy vHga;KzJg/ wif;ykwf =iwKgyg lkKg[Hg/
wkv d rD v dk D =jkfhjyhjkGg nHbKh nHbG/ awmif0if&;kd pGe;f =kJgvHg [yheuh oFh;t [t
wk;d jrifoh nf =[dfgiKodfg/ zy;kdfg/
wufºuGol =lrkGg iGl;Kgcduh/ awmif;wonf =sJgidtg bdfcFgamkyh/
wufa&mufol =lrkGg odfguag kath/ sJgidtgamkyh/
wufa&mufonf =odfugakath/ awmif;qkcd suf =amkyhodfgl;y/
wku
d cf u dk o f nf =cflkfh/ awmif;&rf;onf =amkyhJg amkyhu/h amkyhrKh
wefb;dk &So d nf ='kuglrkygu/g amkyhrJg/
58
wkid -f um;onf =kJcug ;kdthodfg/ wef;pDonf =ug [fhrkf/ jJ [fhrkf/
wkid wf nfonf =kJa;kKgbfg/ eJg sf awmifwef;a'oomoemðytzGJ -lrkGg
;kJa;kKgbfg/ kJjdf sf bdflkHh bkJgoJg;kdth eku[kf
;kJa;kKgbfg/ jkGgzKeGh [t cugvHg vfh;kJ fgl;K/
wdik w f ef;csuf =kJcug oJga;kKgl;y/ wck -jfgakatg/
wkid w f ef;onf =kJcdug oJga;kKg/ wwGJ -jfgzK/
wkid yf ifonf =kJcug [tgpfh sdthaHh wckid f -jfgnkath/
vdJh;Hh/ wzD; -jfgidJg/
wkid ;f wmonf =jJhbdf/ jJhzK/ wxkwf -jfgzKg/ jfgeug/
wkid ;f rSL; =jfg;kdf[HgvHg/ wbl; -jfgbdfh/ jfgaKh/
wu|e;f yd@k onf =iHhzdtadfh [t a;FvHg/ wtkyf -jfg[dJ/ jfgbkHg/ jfga;K/
wcgw&H =jfgnkat jfgvdfg/ w&m;p&dwf -jkGgzygrkdfg eJhzKaGg/
wcsuv f w G tf rde@f ='kuzy l;FjkFh/ w&m;&k;H vufpJG -;H fgjkGg zygrkdfg
wcsed w f nf; =jfgnkatjdth/ cdtvGh ;kJbdfeFh ;yg[dJ/
jfgnkatjdth/ wduspmG -jkfhjkJg pfgzkK/
wm;ckeo f nff =lkfheG jfgakdfg/ wd&p>mef&kH -jkGgnH jkGg;dJgbkyg
wpkw H a,muf =jfgaHh jfglrkGg/ vfh;kJlkug/
wpHk =jfgidu/ wD;acgu=f unfo h nf -cHg[dfh [Kgbdf/
wzef =jfgnkat/ jfgnkat vdJidf/ cHg[dfh cHgjkJgbdf/
idfjfgnkath/ vdJhidf jfgnksth/ wD;0dik ;f -jkGg[Kg l;KzFh/
w,loef =,kFJg zkHhjkK/ wl&, d m0dik ;f -jkGg[Kg jkGgfkxt l;KzFh/
w&H =jfgnHg/ awmyke;f -lrkGg cfaug Hlfgjyg rK ugmu
wnf;jzwfonf =jfgryg eJhjkFhjkfh [t bkyga;Gh/
rdflkJh/ wHcg;ue@v f e@f -afg[fh ;kJrkdfhey/
wdwq f w d of nf =idtgarJh/ wHcg;rif;wk;H -afg[fh ;kJxyheg y/
wefqmyvm =jkfhjyhjkGg ;kJjfg wHp;kd vufaqmif -cdJh,kHh bmkuJg/
rygodfg/ jfgakatg jfgeGh/ arFgarKh/ wHwidk ;f -ueFg jfgrG/
wefjyefx;dk ppf =jkGgcf;dJh cFgvdJh/ wk;d cs@J onf -bkJoJg;kdf/
wefjyef0g'jze@o f nf =l;mkuhoJg lfgcyh wk;d wk;d -katgkatg imGimG/
vdJhcF;dJhg rdua;uh/ wk;d wufonf -[Hgodfg oHhodfg/
wefb;dk }uD;onf ='kuglrkyg[Hg/ wk;d yGm;onf -ugGoJg/
59
wuf -odfg/ iwKga;dJh ;kJqkGh/ jfgldfh/ vdJ,F iJcJh/
awmufyonf -jfgvGh/ axmywf =sHodJhef/
wku
d rf od nf -jkfeGg/ xkwjf yefausjimcsuf =lkugoJg [dfg;kdth
wif;jynfyh gw0D if -lrkGg sdth;tefh lfgjyg/ l;y/
wpkH wck -jfgbyh jfgztg/ xkwjf yefcsuf =lkugoJgl;y/ lkugoJg
wa,mufpD -jF jfglrkGglrkGg/ ;kdthl;y/
wOD;csi;f -jfglrkGg jF[Fg/ xkacsonf =oJl;yhcFg/ kJl;mucFg/
wnf&mXme -vfh;kJ cKa;kKg/ xde;f odr;f umuG,o f nf =[duhiG jfgakGg
wnf;jzwfxw k af 0onf -jfgryg eJhjkFhjkfh sky/ [dfg[du jfgakGgsky/
[dJeJhoJg/ xl;c|eo f nf =zkdflkJ ;tefh/
wdwaf cG -jJl;dJg rfgqkKg/ zkdfzkK,kfh/
wdw&f aD umf'g -jJlkFl;mkuh/ axmufccH suf =jfgomul;y/ jfgcdfgl;y/
wefjyefaxmufvrS ;f a&; -jkGgoFzJh ;dJhaGg/ xGuq f cdk suf =lkugoJg ;kdthl;y/ kJoJg
wyfjze@o f nf -[dfgjkfh lfgcyh a;dJh/ ;kdthl;y/
wyfz@JG -a;dJhl;K/ xde;f odr;f onf =[duiGsky/ [dfg[du
wyfr}uD; -a;dJh vfhcdJ[Hg/ sky/ lkFug [dfg[dusky/
wyfrawmftpd;k & -a;dJ fgvmy/ lkF[K ugsky/
wdrf -jfg;kF/ K;kdt/ axmufcjH cif; =jkGgjfgomu(odu)
wGm;oGm;owW0g -jkGg;fg efzdt jfgcdfgodfg/ jkGglkusky/
arkGomkug/ axmufcaH jymqko d nf =kJeGg lkusky/
awG@q&Hk iS ;f vif;onf -bdfodJg kJcug;yh/ kJeGg jfgomu(odu) jfgcdfgodfg/
awG@qo Hk nf -bdfodJg jkfhcFg/ axmufct H m;ay;r+ =jkGgjfgomu(odu)
wGe;f z,fonf -cdfgjfgnfh/ jfgcdfgodfg [dJkGh/
wDxiG }f uHq -zdfjfg rygoJg bkJgoJgomkuh/ xD;eef; =zKndfgkuh/ zKndfg vfh;kJ/
xd;eef;csc&H onf =vdfeGg jkGgeJgjkfh
x adfh[t zKndfg vfh;kJ/
xD;eefcsonf =eJgjkfh adfh[t zKndfg
xk;H pH =;kJa;uh/ rugrdfh/ ;kJa;uh vfh;kJ/
;kJvdfg/ xD;eef;pGe@v f w
$ jf cif; =jkGgqyhadfh zKndfg
xºuGawmfveS af &; =jkGgafgoKg ltodfgjuh/ vfh;kJ/
xdwv f eS @af jcmufjcm;onf =vdJ,F jfgrdtg xm0& =jfgzkHhlrkGg jfg;GgarG/ jfgzkHh
60
 oHh;kdt/ ;fgoFh ;fgl;F/
omkuhlrkGg jfg[Fg/ jkGgu;
g kdt/
jkGgjfg[Fg zkdfjug/
xkwjf yefonf =lkugoJg [dfg;kdth/
xrf;aqmifonf =ndJ,fodfg/
xyfrjH znfph u
G o
f nf =eJgsdth(skxth)
efhlku/ eJgsdth(skxth)efh fgiGh/
axmufjyonf =,kHh;kdth/ skGg;kdth/
xufjrufonf =zkdf[Gg ifhrdfh/
zkdf[Gglrdfh/ zkdf[Gg,kfh/
iJpJh lrdfhry/
xm0pOf =jfgzkHhlrkGg/ jfgzkHhoFh/
ug;kdt/
xajrmufonf =omkuhodfg vdJhidf/
eGodfg/ nGodfg/ lkJodfg/
axmufxm;onf =sJglkusky/ jfglkKh
odfg/ jfgomuodfg/ jfgskJgjdf fgpJh/
xdev f if;onf =;kdth;yh/ ;yhjfgvGh/
axmufxm;nmwmonf =iG,kKg lkusky/
iG,kKg [dfgnmkyh/ jfgskJg iG,kKg
jdfsky/
xde;f csKyfonf =lkFbfg arkyga;kKgsky/
ltug a;kKgsky/
xdeaf y:ausm-f um;onf =;kdth;yh odfgnug/
bmkyhiGg ;kdth;yh odfgnug/
xdywf ef; =jkuvHg/
xdyo
f ;D =jkuvHg;t/
axmifacsmuf =;kJcdflkF/
jkGgcdflkFaHh/
x,f0gonf =ifhrdfh ifh[Gg/
xkx,f =[kxtha;kK/
61
xdawG@onf =bdfodJg jtgeGg/
axmufvrS ;f a&;=jkGgoFzJh/
xD =edJ
xkwv f iG ohf nf =l;kduh(l;mkuh)oJgakxth/
xdyw f ef;acgi;f aqmif =jkuvHg [HgvHg/
xdyo f ;D acgi;f aqmif =jkuvHg;t [HgvHg/
xGio f nf =zkdfbkJgomkuh/
xl;onf =vuodfg/ vuoJg/
xl;qef;onf =vuvdJg/ iGarkJh/ fgvu
fgvdJg/
xl;jcm;onf =vuvdJgoJg/ vuvdJgodfg/
xlxyfonf =[kxtky/ ugG/ fg [kxt/ ugG
[kxtky/
xm;onf =eJg/ [dfg/
xm;odo k nf =eJg[du/ [dfg[du/
xku d w f efonf =juheGg/ juheGgsky/ aKgeGg/
xif&mS ;onf =;kdth;yhoJg/
xk;d onf =l;H/ cHg/ cFh/
xk;d }udwo f nf =l;HoKg/
xkonf =lkKg/ [fh/ oG/ oKg/
xkwv f yk o f nf =bkJgoJg/
xkwaf z:onf =lkugoJg;kdth/
xkwjf yonf =[tg;kdthoJg/
xyfrH =lku;t/ ;tlku/
xyfqifh =lku;ta;Kh/ lkua;Kh;t/
xyfwl =idf;Hh/ idfnHh/
xk@d twl =idfnHhsdtg/
xku d o hJ @dk =nHhsdtgrK/
xkrd w S qifh =[tsdtg jfgjkuodth/
xk@d tjyif =;ta;Kh sf sdtg/
xGi;f onf =arf/ aG/
xd;k azmufonf =cFhl;uh/ sdth(skxth)sky/ ;ygefg/ ;ygefg kJl;mu/
xkaxmif;onf =bkFhlkKg/ lkKgJcg f/ xkad -umifh =[tsdtg vHgvdJh/
bkFhlkKg jfgskfh/ xk;d ESucf suf =bkJgcGh bkJgskfgl;y/ kJcGh
xpf =fgbkfh/ fgafg[ug/ kJskfgl;y/
xpfonf =lkfhafg[ug/ lkfhbf/ afg[ug/ xk;d _rJvufrw S f =jfgvHg jkGgjJh ;kJa;uh/
axmif;onf =Jgcf/ jfgcHgjJh ;kJa;uh/
xdonf =jtgeGg/ bkJgeGg/ fgeGg/ xufoefonf =;ygbdfh cduglrdfh/
xde;f xm; =ugafgoKg a;kKgcFg/ akdJhsky/ iGl;Kg cduglrdfh/
akdJhbfgsky/ lkFa;kKg bfgsky/ axmufya-u; =rFh [dJbkJgzkdu/
xm0&umv =jfgzkHh oHh;kdt cdtvGh/ axmufvrS ;f onf =oFbdf zJhbdf/
xm0&wnfwo hH nf =uga;kKg cKbfg jfgzkHh oFzJhbdf/
oHh;kdt/ xifonf =sJg/
xm0&jzpfonf =omkuhodfgjkdth fgjfg[Fg/ xif&mS ;ausm-f um;r+ =jkGgodfgnug oJg;kdth
omkuhodfgjkdth jfgzkHh oHh;kdth/ iJpJh/
xm0&bk&m; =zKbfgrdfg [t jfgzkHh xifjrifcsuf =sJg,Jgl;y/
oHh;kdt/ axmifh =fgskfhzdth/ fgskfh/
xdu&ke;f yif =cHgcdf jfg,mybkK/ axmifrh eS f =skfhzdthjuh/
xdcu kd u f sq;Hk r+ =jkGgeGgcGh jkfhadfh/ xkwu f ek f =jkGgakat bkJgoJg/
xdcu kd ef musijf cif; =jkGgeGgcGh eGgskfg/ xkw, f o l nf =ndJoJg/
xdcu kd ef pfemjcif; =jkGgeGgcGh ;fgzkH xkwaf y;onf =[dJoJg/
;fglrkKg/ xef;yif =qyg[KhbkK/
xdcu kd jf cif; =jkGgeGgcGh/ xef;&nf =qyg[KhodJh/
xdcu dk rf jd cif; =jkGgeGg jkGgeGgcGh/ xef;vsuf =qyg[Kh odJhvdf/
axmywfo;D =sHvdfiGg/ xyf =lku/(bkJglku jfgkFg)/
xkrd S =[tug/ [t fgu/g xdyf =vHgqky/ bkfhoG/ [tpJh;t/
xdrk #avmuf =[tefsdtg/ [tvHg;t/
xk[
d m =[tsdtg/ xkyo f nf =eug/ eugodfg/
xk[
d m. =sdtg fgjGh/ xkaH q; =jkGgvHg jfga;Fh/
xk;d xGi;f Om%f =jkGgjfgskJg l;uhoJg xk;H enf;Oya' =Hlfgjyg ;kJa;uh/
jfgrdJh/ xGuu f ek f =jkGgakat(akF)oJg/ jkGgakat
xkacsvmG =oJl;yhcFg ;ygefg/ kJl;mucFg ;kJoJg/
62
xlaxmifol -lrkGg bkJgodfg/ lrkGg [dJ xGepf uf -zGof lrG/
ugodfg/ lrkGg cKomkuhodfg/ xGe,
f ufonf -ofomy/
xl;c|eaf jymifajrmufonf -zkdf[Gg ;tefh
odfg/ zkdf[Gg ifhrdfh odfglrdfh/ '
xHrS -[t fgu/g
xk;d oGi;f onf -cFhsdth/ cHgsdth/h 'Dru dk a&pD =[ygbug afgrJgwyg/
rkdfhsdth/ 'l;&if;oD; =lfg;dfh skxtgiGg/
axmif'%f -oKh fgjkGg eGgcGh/ jkGgug eGgcGh 'kw, d =sdJh;H;t/
[t oKhaHh/ 'k=OuUX =sdJh;H;t vHgzK/
axmifah uG@ -fgskfh akGakfg/ fgskfhakG/ 'Dru dk a&pDA[kcd sKyfuikd rf + =[ygbug afgrJgwyg
xnfo h iG ;f az: jyonf -eJgsdth lkugoJg vfh;kJ a;fhbJh fgjkGg lkFa;kKg/
;kdth/ a'o =vfh;kJ/ jfglrf/
xkwcf si;f ayguf -aHh;fgl;H/ 'kid ;f =afgjkdfg/
xkwv f yk o f l -lrkGgbkJgoJg/ 'Da& =lfh;Gh odJhodfg/
xkwaf 0onf -bkJgoJg eJhjkfh/ ndJoJg 'Dvid+ ;f =lfh;Gh odJhkfku/
eJhjkfh/ '%f =jkGgeGgcGh/
xyfqifx h ;dk vufrw S f -jfgvHg jJh;kdfg '%f&m =jfgbGg/ jkGgeGg jfgbGg/ eGgjfgbGg/
[uhjku/ '%f&m'%fcsuf =jfgbKh jfgbGg/ eGgcKg
xyfwvJvJ -idfjkKh fgvfh;kJ/ eGgcGh/
idfjkKhlrG/ 'decf J =sHodJhvdf/
xyfajymonf -kJoJg ;tlku/ kJoJglku/ 'ef@ovGeo f ;D =cdJh,dJgiGg/
xyfrI H -;tlku/ ;tlku sf/ a'go =iGkfh/ iGl;Kg[Hg/
xdyw f u dk af wG@jcif; -jkGgcfaug juh[Gh cFg;Hh/ a'goxGuo f nf =iGkfhodfg/ iGl;Kg
jkGgzuhaGg cFgvdJh;Hh/ jkGgbdfodJg [Hgodfg/
juh[Gh cFg;Hh/ 'G[
d =;fgcfvu/ ;fgcf oJg sdJhztg/
xdyaf jymifonf -bkfhoG[Gh/ 'lvm =jkGgcmy ;fg;kfg/
xrf;pif -Jg,frkG/ j'yf =cyxya;kK/
xrf;yk;d -Jg,feuh/ Jg,f Jgnkxtg/ j'yfxk =cyxy a;kK[kxtg/
xdr;f jrm;onf -vuhbkGh/ vuhbkGh vuhbkfg/ 'k;H ysH =cy;H/
xGuaf y:vmonf -oJg;kdthodfg/ 'kuw dQ =lrkGgjfgvHg afg[fh ;tefhjug/
xGuaf yguf -fgaHh lkJoJg/ ;kJoJgaHh/h lrkG[f jfgrkHg/ lrkGgug jfgrkHg/
63
'kuQ =jkGglkdf jkGgcGh/ jkGgzkdJh
jkGgzkFg/ jkGgeGglkdf eGgcGh/
'kuaQ 0wem =jkGgzkdJh jkGgzkFg cmycGh/
jkGgcmy jkGgcGh zkdJhzkFg/
'kuo Q nf =lrkGgeGg jkGglkdfh jkGgcGh/
lrkGgeGg jkGguzg kdJh ugzkFg/
lrkGgeGg jkGglkdf jkGgcGh/
'kuo Q nfpcef; -lrkGgeGg jkGguzg kdJh
ugzkFg vfh;kJ ugl;K/
'orude;f =[Ggwfgbtg; jkuomGgbf/
'or*%ef; =[Ggwfgbtg; [mf/
'orcGo J nf =eJhnG [Ggwfgbtg;/
'orykid ;f =[Ggwfgbtg adJh/
'oedu =jkfhcf jfgskJg/
'oeduaA' =jkfhcf jfgskJg cyxy/
'DZ,fqD =[ygwGg; iHodJh/
'Dyvdrk m =[ygl;ugbfg iynG/
'DrmS =[tdJh/ dJhbfg/ dJhsdtg/ eyhdJh/
'kp&du k af vmu =jkGgkfh rygzkdf kJvHg/
'l;qpf =vfhbkfh/
a'opGJ =zmGhsky vfh;kJug/ zmGhsky
jfglrf/
'*F g;jym; =rFh,dJgeGg/
'dik ef rkd =[tTsg f bkugzG/
'kid Ef akd qm =[tTsg ugwK arkGomkug/
'dik Af ifx;dk onf =lkfcf jfga;myjkfh/
'dik , f m&D =[tTd g fgryg ;kJrfhbf/
'dik v f }l uD; =lrkGeJhadJh/ lrkGgvmGglkJ/
'dik ;f erku d f =[tTsh f btTlkK
'dXd =lrkGg,kF zKbfgrdfg jug/ lrkGg
jkGgzKeGgh ugjug/ lrkGgvfhaGg/
64
'dXd 0g' =zKbfgrdfg ugjug rdua;uh/
'%fcwfonf =sKhvdf jkGgeGgcGh
'%faiG =jkGeGg cGhzkdJh rFhjdf/ rFh
bkJg;dfJg/
'%fay;onf =[dJ jkGgvdf eGgcGh/
'¿m&D =sHgvGh jkGg[dfadfh/
'¿m&Dqefonf =at idf sf sHgvGh
jkG[dfadfh/
'ef =jfgjkdJgzkG/
'efowWK =jfgjkdJgzkG lrkG/
'ef;pD;onf =cyg[df oHgmu/
'k;H ysx
H yd zf ;l =cy;H vHgiGg/
'ke;f pdik ;f onf =l;mkuhlkf/
',ft;kd }uD; =lkKgjkdfg/
j'yfpif =cyxya;kK bmkuhl;yh/
j'yfa&m =cyxya;kK cyh[df/
'kp&du k f -jkGgkfh vfhaGg/ jkGgiF vfhaGg/
'k-Adv k cf sLyf}uD; -sdJh;H;t a;dJh[Hg
vHga;kKg/
'k-Akv d rf LS ;}uD; -sdJh;H;t a;dJheGzFh
[HgvHg/
'k-a&wyfAv dk cf sLyf=uD; -sdJh;H;t odJh
a;dJh[Hg vHga;kKg/
'l;ywf -lrkGg Jgeyh vfgbkfh/ lrkGgadf
vfgekxt/ adf vfgekxt/
'l;av; -a;dJg/
a'pDyef; -[Jgwyg jkGgnuh/
a'vD,myef; -[Jg;ygdfg jkGgnuh/
a'otvdu k pf um;tok;H tE_e;f -vfh;kJ
jfgnug sf jfgnug fgjkGg zfgJg vu;Hh
'ku/ jfglrf jfgnug sf jfgnug fgjkGg
 zfgJg sky[Fg fg'ku/ "gwjf ym; =cyxyefg/
a'0gvcD o H nf -vdf jkGgjGhg jkdtl;F/
"epnf;pdrf =jkGg[Hg,kf odfgiGh fgjkGg
a'gi;f -oHglrkGh/ ugbkug/
'dik cf u
G f -jkGgefg bygiGg jfgqFgaHh/ "eOpPm =jkGgjGhsky jkGg[Hg,kf/
'dik f -vfhcdJ ;kJeJh/ jkGg[Hg,kf jkfhbkxt jyhjkGg/
'%f&u kd o
f nf -bkJg;dfJg/ "edyif =oGhbkK/
'eft;kd -jfgjkdJg zkGlkKg/ "ed&nf =oGhbkKodJh/
a':vm -rFh[Kg;fg/ "gwv k ufeuf =;fgiG cyxy zFgl;kG
jfgakatg jfgeGh/
" "gww f idk f =cyxy kyoFg/
"gwyf yHk nm =cyxy,kug iynG/
"gwq f D =sfgbyg vkatgodJh/ "gwyf &Hk u kd o f nf =bFh cyxy,kug/
"e&Sif =lrkGgjGhug edfgzGg/ "gwuf ;l onf =cyxy rkGgsky/ cyxy
"gwak A' =;fgiG cyxy/ nHgrkGh/ cyxy yhzFheGg/
"eo[m, =iduvuh eGl;K/ "gwrf eS q f &m =cyxy bkfh[kxtg ifrf/
'eo[m,Ekid if H =iduvuh eGl;K "gwvf u dk o f nf =cyxy lkF/
odJhakJ/ "gwaf jr-oZm =cyxy rygkJg/
"e&Siaf wmfveS af &; =jkGgltodfg juhcFg "gwo f wWK =cyxylrkGh/
lrkGgjGhu/g "gwóf ud; =cyxyl;dJg/
"gwf =cyxy/ "gwcf sKyfonf =kKaHhbfg/
"g;jy =lrkGg,kfJg/ "gwcf cJG ef; =kyg[K ;kJeJhnG cyxy/
"gwv f ;Hk =cyxylrkug/ "gwcf o JG nf =eJhnG cyxy/
"gwaf vSum; =cyxy afgeuh/ "gwaf iG@ = cyxyvkatg/
"etiftm; =jGhukg Gh/ jkGg[Hg ,kfkGh/ "gwpf m =lrkGgcmy cGgJ/g
"avh =;kJkdfg/ ;kJvdfg/ ;kJa;uh "rRq&m =;ygzfcGh ifrf/
bkJg/ "rRmwm =;kJa;uh [FgjGh/
"avhx;Hk pH =;kJa;uh ;kJkdfg/ ;kJa;uh jkKh;kJa;uh[Fg/ ;kJa;uh/
rugrdfh/ ;kJkdfg rugrdfg/ "rRmwmtavsmuf =nH ;kJa;uh
"dXmef =th,Jglrkug/ thodfg ,Jglrkug/ [FgjGhsdtg/ nHh;kJa;uhsdtg/
"du =;ug[Hg;t/ iJ,kF [Hg;t/ ;kJsky "rR"Xd mef =thK ;kdfga;kKg/ jkGgK;kdfg
[Hg;t/ vfhcdJ [Hg;t/ th;kdfg zKjkJg/ jkGgt; h kdfg zKjkJg
65
 ;fgaf ;fgauh/ jkGgzKjkJg
;fgauh ;fgaf/
"rRowf =;ygeJgjkfh eJhlkJ jkGgzyg
rkdfg/
"g;pmcH -jkGgvdfjdf/ lrkGgvdfjdf/
"g;"g;csi;f vSv
H cHS si;f -ky[Fg cFg ky[Fg.
jfgedfh cFg jfgedfh/
"g;aoG;ausmuf -;kKrmkuh/
"gwcf J -bygzygl;Kg/
"gwrf ;D -cyg;yg bygzyg/
"gwjf ym;puf -zGktruh/
"gwrf eS af &mifjcnf -cyxy ;yhlrku/
"l0=H u,f -cGgzyodfg/
e E+id ;f ,SOjf cif; =jkGgjJh zkdfgbdf/ jkGgjJh
Edik if w
H um =akJlkauh(lmkuh)akJ/
akJlkauheGg/
aEG&moD =akJakHvGh/ sfgoJg akJakHvGh/ Ekid if aH ygi;f csKKyftoif; =odJhakJ l;KzFh
enf; =a;uh/
enf;y&d,m,f =a;uh jfryg,g Jg/
emrfyikd ;f ='kuGbmkyh jfgadJh/ ,kfxy
jfgadJh/
erlem =fgrK ugsJg/ jkxtrdfrK/
Edik if aH &; =odJhakJrJg/
Edik if aH &;pmay =odJhakJrJg ;yg;kGg/
Edik if aH wmf =odJh;kJ akJvHg/
Edik if aH &;tkºH uGr+ =odJhakJrJg jkGglkK
l;uhodfg/ odJhakJrJg fgjkGg afgoKg eD;pyfonf =nFgsf/ nFgvdJh;Hh/
cHcf/
Edik if aH &;Ed;k -umr+ =jkGgoHg rkdfhodfg
odJhakJrJg fgjkGg iJpJhodfg/
odJhakJrJg fgjkGg oHgrkdfh
iJpJhodfg/
e,fcs@J orm; =lrkGgJg ;kdfoJgakJ/
lrkGgcfJg ;kdfoJgakJ/
euQaA' =bKzkG cyxy/ bkKcGg cyxy/
Edik o
f nf =lkJ/
Edik if aH &;orm; =lrkGg;kFg odJhakJrJg/
em,u =lrkGg[Hg ,kFpkf/
enf;vrf;pepf =a;dfa;uh juha;uh/
eHygwf =bfjuh/
Edik x f ufp;D eif; =bkJgsFh bkJgzf/ bkJgey
bkJgu/g
enf;rsKd ;pkH =a;uh fgztgztg/ a;uhlkauhztg/
rfg[Fhbdf/ jkGgjJh[yh zGhbdf/
Edi+ ;f ,SOo f nf =jJhzkdfgbdf/ jJh[yhzGh/
ESv;Hk &nf =iGl;Kg jfgrdJh/
fgl;KnH/
EG,w f v l rl sKd K;pk =bdJhidfnH/
e,fcs@J tpd;k & =lrkGgcfJg ;kdfoJgakJ
fgvmy/
e,fcs@J pepf =cfJg ;kdfoJgakJ juha;uh/
e,fcs@J usL;ausmu f |eðf yzdEydS rf + =jkGgcfJg
;kdfoJgakJ fgjkGg ,kyeysdth
sKhomkuhzkF bkJgey bkJgu/g
edrEf iS ;f onf =cfbkJ idtgadfh/
aESmifah ES;onf =jkfhnkxtg lkdf,kG/
aESmuf,u S o f nf =bkJgjkfhjkFh [yh[dfh/
66
 bkJgcHcf [yh[dfh/ aexkid o f nf =ugcK;kdfg/ ugcK ;kdfgsky/
ES;D aESmonf =[tgpfh vdJh;Hh/ jfg;dfg;Hh eDjref;onf =;kygafgcmy/
jkGgkJeGg [tgpfh/ [tgpfh odfg ES@H pyfonf =lkauhl;yh/ lmkuhl;yh/
;kdfg;Hh/ aemufusonf =jkfhsug/ jkfhnkatg/
enf;vrf; =a;dfa;uh/ aEG;axG;onf =;kGgbkugcFg/
Edik ef if;onf =zkdflkJ ifhrdfh/ lkJifh ae-umaph =jfgbkK iGgl;Kg/
rdfh/ emvmx =cmy afgoKgiGh/
ed,mr =a;uhjkfhjkJg/ a;dfa;uh ESarsmonf =iJ;usky/
jkfhjkJg/ Ekwq f ufonf =kJbkugcFg/ lkFbkugxFg/
edAmŠ ef =bKvHg odJhakJ/ zKeGh bkugcFg/
ESyd u f wG of nf =bkJgldJey/ bkJglkJ Ekwq f ufpum; ='kukJ bkugcFg/
jkfhey/ cflkJ bkJadfh/ E+eH ;f =lmy/
enf;em =a;uhlrku/ aemifw&onf -iJpJhsky skJ rK
em-unf;r+ =jkGgeGgcGh iGl;Kg/ cdfg;kdfgidf skJ/ iJskJ
epfemjcif; =jkGgeGgcGh eGgskfg/ cdfg;kdfgidf skJ/
epfema-u; =eGgcGh eGgskfgaGg/ aEGOwk =;GhiGg akJakHvGh/
enf;pepf =a;uhjuh a;uheGg/ ed'ge;f ysKd ;onf =zfkJeGg vfhcdJ/
ed'ge;f =;ygkt vfhcdJ/ jkGgkJeGg ESpyf wfvnfae@ =pJhefhsfg/ jfgsfg fgaHh
vfhcdJ/ bkKpJh jkdthidf/
ed*;Hk =jfg[Fg/ jkGgkJeGg jfg[Fg/ jkGgjfg[Fg/ e*g; =rkHkJh/
ed*;Hk csKyf =jkGgjfg[Fgadfh/ jkGgeJg jfg[Fg e*g;aiG@wef; =cGgvkatglrku/
adfh/ eaEG; =bkygedfhvHg/
aES;auG;onf =,Khafgot/ ,Khef/ emusirf + =jkGgcGh/ jkGgeGgcGh/
eDvmausmuf =;kKiJ ;fgbK/ ;kKiJ em-unf;onf =iGl;KcGh vdJh;Hh/ eGgcGh
;fgiuh/ ;kKiJ odJh;fgbK/ iGl;Kg/
ae@pOf =lkauhpJh/ lmkuhpJh/ emcHonf =sky[fh 'ku/
ae@widk ;f =lkauhpJhpJh/ lkauhjfgpJh/ emZD0g' =sfgwyg rdua;uh/
ESaH Zmfonf =skxtgjfgrdJh jfgbkfg/ emwm&Snaf &m*g =jkGgcmy ugjfgrkFg/
Eke,fonf =zkGhedfg/ zkGskfg/ emembm0 =,kfxy jkGgug ifhrdfh/
ESyd pf ufonf =bkJgzkdJh bkJgzFg/ lrkGgidJhodth jkGgug ifhrdfh/
El;nHo h nf =zkGhafgsH/ emrnf =bmkyh/
67
em&D =zGjfgrkyh/ Edik if aH &;ajcxk;d r+ =jkGgeKga;dJ odJhakJ
em;usyf =adf;kJ sky[fh/ rJg/ odJhakJrJg fgjkGg eKga;dJ/
em; =vfh;Gg/ Edik if aH &;vSKyf&mS ;r+ =odJhakJrJg fgjkGg akH
edrw d jf yonf =[tg;kdth ;mkusJg/ akf rHrkdfg/
edu,fvo f wWK =sygaGg;lrkGh/ Edik if aH &;tm%m =odJhakJ ,Jglrkug/
Elema&m*g =jkGgcmyjH/ jkGgcmy oJgjH/ Edik if o H m; =odJakJnH/ odJhakJ
aeomonf =ugjfg a;dfhbkug/ lrkGg;kHg/
ae@pOfrw S w f rf; =lkauh(lmkuh)pJh Edik if o H mjzpfjcif; =jkGgomkugodfg odJh
jkGgrfhbf/ akJnH/
eH&H =[K[G/ Edik if aH wmf0efxrf; =odJh;kJ akJvHg
Ed@k qD =sHodJh vdfcFh/ fglrkGg bkJjkGg/
Ed;k -um;onf =iJskJ skykath/ iJskJ epfemonf =vdfeGg jkGgeGgcGh ;fgzkH/
afg;yh/ eGgcGh ;fgzkH ;fglrKg/
Ed;k aqmfonf =kJoHg rkdfhodfg/ kJiJ eef;awmf =zKndfgkuh/
skJodfg/ eef;wGi;f ta&;awmfyHk =jkGgomkuh jkGgldJ
Ed;k qGonf =oHgrkdfh jfgcdfgodfg/ rJg [t zKndfg kuhaHh/
ifafgoKg/ [dJcdugodfg kGh/ edru fh sonf =jkfh [t Hh;kGh/ ug [t Hh;kGh/
euQywfvrf;a-umif; =cGg ;kJ;kHga;df/ jkfh jfgrkFh/ jkfhnkatg Hh;kGh/
aemufacs; =lkHyg/ e,fajr =kJgbth/
aemufcw H ;D vk;H =jkGg[Kg ;kFgarkduh/ e,fvn S hf =zdt;Jhbth/
aemufwiG f =[tvdJhsdtg/ ESpv f b dk , G af umif;onf = ;kJiJ,kF
aemufY =[tvdJh/ iJ;kKhrdf/
aemifvmaemufom; =nH;dJg [tvdJh/ eSpaf xmif;tm;&onf =iJ;kKh rygiGh/
Edik af cst&Sq d ;Hk ol =;fhcfhGg [t lrkGg iJarFh rygiG/ iJarFh cFh;Fh/
lkJ;t/ ESpo f rd o fh nf =bkJgbkug iGl;Kg/ kJbkug
Edik if w H umOya' =odJhakJ lkauheGg iGl;Kg/ bkJgbkug eysky/
Hlfgjyg/ E+wf =vfhH/g
Edik af wmfpsmye =odJh;kJ akJvHg jkGgjfg ESyd ef ,fonf =zyga;dt/
ryg;kxtjkug/h ESrd chf sonf =cdfg;kdfg/ cdfg;kdfg skJ/
Edik if aH wmfopPmazmufr+ =jkGgnKhldJ emrfr0daooe -'ku bkJgefh bmkyh/
odJh;kJ akJvHg jkGgvdfzK/ ema&;a=ujimpm -;yg lkugoJg HhidJh
68
 HhbkJ/ ESicf sonf -qJjkfhadfh/
em;xdik ;f onf -vfh;Gg afgK/h e,ferH w d yf ikd ;f jcm;owfrw
S o
f nf -[uhaFh
em;aecef; -kyg[K ;kJugakath/ eJhadJh a;kKgbfg akJaFh/
em;vnfoabmayguo f nf -iGl;Kg l;uh EGm;pm;cGuf -lkHJg cGga;u/
iJpJh/ EGm;ok;d -lkHnGh cyh[dJg/
em;0ifcsKo d nf -sdthbkuh vfh;GgaHh/ EGm;atmfonf -lkHbkxt bK/ lkHnGh
sky[fhbkug/ akK/ lkHnH bG/
em;onf -ugakat iGeG/ ESmwH -vfhnkatharmy/
eD=ue@=f ue@t f a&mif -fg;fg ;kygqkJg/ ESaH umif -jfgayh/
eD*&d;k -sygafg ruh;kKg/ eHpm;ajymif; -imyh/ afglHg/
eD;yg; -atrkFhjkdth/ atrkGheG/ atrkGh/ eHjynfpw k f -oHgrGgcy/
atnFg/ ESix f w k o f nf -qJoJgadfh/
El;nHah jymhaysmif;onf -zkGafg sH,Hh/ ESihf -sf/
El;nHo h rd af rG@onf -zkG[Gg afgsH ifhrdfh/ ESpcf sLyftpD&ifcpH m -sfgjfg[Fg jkGg[dfgodfg
aejyefaumif;onf -ugcdug akfgvdJhidf/ ;yglkug;dth/
ae&yf -;kJug vfh;kJ/ ESppf Of0ifaiG -rFh fgjkGg afgsdth lkauhsfg/
ae0ifr;D +idr;f trde@f -bkKjkfh byglky ESpòf cduo f nf -iJ,kF juheGg iGl;Kg/
'kuzky/ juheGg iGl;Kg/
eHeyH if -nuhzyhbkK/ ESpx f yf -sfg [yhardJh/ sfg [dfl;Gg/
eH&u H yfem&D -zGjfgrkyh ;kJ[fhbkfh ESpyf wfvnf -sfg jkfhig df jfgkFg/ sfg
[K;kug/ cfcFgidf jfgkFg/
Ek@d pm;EGm;r -lkHbkxt ;kJzyg sHodJh/ ESpv f ifEpS rf ,m; -qkGgsdJhlrkGg
Ek@d wu dk of wWm0g -arkGomkug uhskxt/ bJhsdJhlrkGg/
aemufuso d nf -afg[kxt afgkyh/ ESp0f uf -sfga;fhbJh/
aemufa=umif;&mZ0if -jkGg[df omkuh ESpo f ufonf -iJ,kF iJ;kKh/
odth/ E_wcf eG ;f qufonf -kJbkugcFg/ kJbkugadfh/
Ekid if uH ;l vufrw S f -;ygbfjJh ;kJsdthakJ/ E_ww f u dk o f ifay;onf -kJiduhjkfh sf
enf;vrf;usonf -jkfhjuh a;dfa;uh/ vfhH/g
ewf -vyhsJ/ jfgsJ/ ;kfhedfgzGg E_wx f u G o f nf -amkyhoJgadfh/
cugedfgzGg/ E_w, f o l nf -Jg,G ndJadfh/
emrfpm; -'kuGbmkyh [uhjku/ ndJjkfhadfh/ rmyjkfhadfh/
69
 oKndJadfh/ ypPn;f rJt h m%m&Sif =lrkGgjGh jkxt;Jg
E_wvf eS x
f ;dk onf -kJl;mku akfgvdJhcFg/ ,Jglrkug edfgzGg/
E_wo
f ;D -oHg vfhH/g cdJh cfhH/g ðyjyifa&;0g' =bkJgrdfodfg rdua;uh/
y jyefvnfðyjyifa&;0g' =bkJgrdf odfgvdJh
rdua;uh/
jynfwiG ;f _idr;f csr;f a&;tzG@J =akJaHh jkGglkJh jye@yf mG ;onf =;fg;myoJg/ ugG oJgodfg/
[duh fgl;K/ oJglfgcyhh Godfg/
jynfaxmifpk =akJl;KzFh/ aysm&f i$ o f nf =iJarFh ugbkug/ fgbkug
jynfaxmifppk pfaq;a&;tzG@J =akJl;KzFh iJarFh/
jkGgoFzJh fgl;K/ ypfuiG ;f =fg[fh ;kJvG/ ;kJvG
jynfe,f =akJbth/ sdth (skxth)juh/
jyef-um;a&; =jkGglku ;kdthog Jg ;kf;yh/ ywf0ef;usif =jfgqyh jfgqkfg/
jkGglkugoJg ;kdthcFg/ ywf0ef;usi&f u kd cf wfr+ =jfgqyh jfgqkfg
jyefvnfxal xmifa&; =jkGgcKodfg fgjkGg kfkueGg/
omkuhvdJh/ jy\em =jkfhjfg,Jg cHcf/ jkGgomkuh
yef;wkid f =lkJbf/ jkGglkJbf/ ;kJjkdth odfg cHcf/
eG vfh;kJ/ ydwq f @dk jcif; =jkGgiGh eycFg/ jkGgbkJg
yef;yk&yk x f k =jkGg,kuga;kK/ jkGg,kug eycFg/ jkGgbkJgey jkfhjkFh/
oGarf/ jkGg,kug edfomkuh/ ykpH H =jkGg[Gh ;kdfgsJg/ skJrK/ jJhrK/
ysr;f r#jcif; =jkGgndJidf rfg[Fh/ aywH =jkFheuh/ jfgl;kG jkFheuh/
jkGgidf rfg[Fh/ ywfoufI =eGgadfhsf/ eGgrkGhsf/
jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ygwD =odJhakJnH ynma&;Xme =jkGgiynG bfeuh/
jkGg[Hgodfg oHhodfg lfgjyg/ yx0D =kJgvHg skJvHg/ kJgvHg skJxy/
yXr =afg;H;t/ jtg;H;t/ ajymif;a&$@jcif;trde@/f ='kuzky iKiF/
jynfo@l &aJ bmf =odJhakJ vHgnGhkfh/ y&d,m,f =jfgryg,Jg/ jkGgjfg ryg,Jg
yk*Kd~ vf =skJlrkGg/ [Kkxt/
ynmwwform; =lrkGgiynG/ ya'o&mZfpepf =zKndfg vfh;kJ juha;uh/
ypPn;f rJo h rm; =lrkGgjGh jkxt;Jg/ ygwpD nf;urf;xde;f ode;f a&;aumfrw D D =lrkGg
lrkGgjGh ugjug/ jfgaK jfgakGg [duiGsky
ypPn;f rJvh w l ef;pm;awmfveS af &; =lrkGgjGh lfgjyg jkGgiduidfg aKgbygjyg/
jkxt;Jg jkuztg jkGglt odfgjuh/ ygwpD pD pfa&;aumfrw D D =lrkGgoF [dfbf
70
 jfgrygbfg lfgjyg aKbygjyg/
ydik q
f ikd rf + =jkGgjGhsky/ jkGgjGh sky[Fg/
ygwpD yd f =lfgjygaryg/
ygwv D v dk m;ol =lrkGgiJ,kF iJ;kKh
lfgjyg/
yÉdyuQ =cHcf cfaug/ cyhqkdfh [yh[dfh/
ygwt D aqmufttkH =lfgjygl;dtg/
ðywfusa&; =jkGg;kJ jkfhadfh/
yk'rf =cf/ bfa;kKg/
jyefvnfjyifqifa&;0g' =bkJgrdf vdJhidf
rdua;uh/ jkGgbkJgrdf jfgl;Jg
rdua;uh/
jy'g; -odJhl;Kg okxtgjfg;Hh/
jy'g;wdik f -odJhl;Kgokxtg jfg;Hheuh/
ykeu f efxºuGjcif; =jkGgafgoKg cfcyhqkdfh/
ykeu f efxºuGonf =afgoKg cfcyhqkdfh/
ykeu f efxºuGol =lrkGgafgoKg cfcyhqkdfh/
yg0ifonf =ugsdthaHh/ ugsdth aHhakath/
yl;aygi;f onf =sdthl;KzFh/ ugl;KzFh/
yÉdOmOf=jkGgK;kdfg thbfg/
yDZ =skJ[Fg iJpJh/ skJ[Fg omkugoh Jg/
ygw&D ;Hk csKyf =lfgjyg ,uha;kKg/ lfgjyg
;Ha;kKg/
ykid Ef ikd pf mG =lkJsky ;fgauh/ lkJskypfg/
lkJsky jkfhjkJg/
ygwpD nf;urf;xde;f odr;f a&; =jkGgjfgaK
jfgakGg [duiGhsky lfgjyg
jkGgiduidfg/
ygwpD pD pfa&; =jkGgoFzJh [dfbf lfgjyg/
lfgjyg fgjkGg oFzJh [dfbf/
yk*Kd~ vfpJG =zmGhskJlrkGg/
71
yifyef;qif;&JcjH cif; =jkGgvdf jkGgcuhnf
cuhrkdfg/
ya'o&mZfe,f0g' =jGhbth rdua;uh/
zKndfg jGhbth rdua;uh/
ðypkysKd ;axmifonf =bkJgrdf vmGgodfgsky/
ðypka&;om;onf =bkJgomkuhl;K rfhoJg/
ywfpOf =lmkuhsmyh/ lmkuhcyh[dJh/
ylyefonf =akHakdfh/
y,f&mS ;onf =eJgoJgadfh/
ypfy,fonf =qyhoJgadfh/ qyhadfh/
ydwyf ifonf =bkJgeyadfh/ bkJgey
jkfhjkFh/
ykwjf ywfvyk o f nf =[fgaGg bkJgjkFh/
[fgaGgjkFh/
yko
H ufao =,kugjdf/ ,kug;kdthjdf
yDoonf =zG;kdth/ zGafgrG/
l;Fl;uh/ (kJeGgzkdf zGafgrG)/
jyuQ'ed f =;ygsfg;GhpJh/
jyif;jyonf =iGl;Kg cdugcKh/ iGl;Kgcdug/
ysujf ym;onf =ldJjkfhadfh/ ldJedJg
adfh/
jynf0h onf =;tefhodfg/ iHg;t iGefh/
ðyusio hf nf =bkJgcGhiduh/ bkJgcGhey/
ysLiSgonf =nKgnFhcFg/
ðypm;onf =bkJgeGgJ/g bkJeGg/ ;ugnKg/
lkFJg/
ðyrlonf =bkJg,kug;kdth/
aysmah jymif;onf =iHgzkG iG[Gg/
ys@H E@HS onf =lfgcyhoJg/ oJglfgcyh/
ajyvnfonf =l;FnmkyhcFg/ l;FodthcFg/
ysupf ;D onf =ldJadfh/
ysujf y,fonf =ldJbkJ nkHhadfh/ yk'd f =;yglrkul;K/
ysuu f u G o f nf =ldJjkfhadfh/ aysmaf rG@onf =ugbkugsky/ ugbkug;fh/ ugbkug
jyifqifonf =jfgryg bkJgsJg/ jfgryg ugsJg/ iJarFh/
ykjH yif0wWK =jkGg[df jfg,Jg/ jyuf&,fðyonf =bkJgjfgrkGh pJharkdth/
jyif;xefonf =cdugcKh/ cKh;fh/ ajyjypfonf =efl;mkyh juheGgcFg/
jypf'%f =jkGgiF eGgcGh/ lkJh[duh juheGgcFg/ lkJhrfg[Fh/
ajymifajymif =;kf;kf ;yh;yh/ jy,fonf =nkHhadfh/
ysKd ;axmifonf =jfgryg vmGgodfgsky/ ydik q
f idk o
f nf =jGh[Fg/ jGhsky[Fg/
òydiq f ikd of nf =[yhzGh;Hh/ ynma&; =jkGgiynG/
ðyef;wD;onf =ldJ bkJl;yhadfh/ ay:vGix f if&mS ;onf =oJg;kdth odfgnug/
;fgbkJ ;kKhadfh/ [fbkJ yGJ =aHadf/
;kKhl;yh/ yGvJ rf;obif =rkuG aHadf/
jywfoef;onf =zKzF l;FjkFh/ l;FjkFh ynmwwfvw l ef;pm; =lrkGgiynG jkuztg/
eG/ ynmtajrmftjrif&o dS nf =ug sf jkGgbdf
jywdu k f =kygkuh [dfgug ;kJbdf/ odJg sf iynG zK,kfh/
ajymif;jyef =jfga;my/ jfgl;Jg/ ynmoifqk =cdJh,kH ;kJ;kFgidu
ykoH ¿mef =skJ,kug/ iynG/ iynG cdJh,kH/
ykaH o =sJgjkKh bf;kdt/ jfgskJg jkKhbf/ ynwfawmf =zKbfgrdfg 'kuzky/
bkJgjkKhbf/ jkGgjkKh ;kJa;uh/ yx0Dbmom&yf =kJgvHg skJxy ;yg;kGg
ay:ayguo f nf =ugoJgodfg/ omkuhnGodfg/ vfhcdJ/
ay:vGio f nf =oJg;kdth/ yrm% =effgrK/ uhef fgrK/
ysKd ;vuFm ='kuktruh ktrGg/ 'kukt y,if; =;kKiJzkG/
ruhnkxtg/ y&dabmu =kygndfh jkfhjyhjkGg/
yke;f atmif;onf =ugmu ugey/ y&dowf =lrkGgrkuG/
ykwcf wfajymqdo k nf =kJeGgcGh eGgskfg/ ya&m*q&m =ifrf aH,fg ;ugnKg/
kJeGg jfgrkGh/ ygwpD 'Hk rD ukd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG =[ygbug
ypfy,fonf =qyhlkGgadfh/ eJgjkfhadfh/ afgrJgwyg lmkuh[muh fgjkGg smuodfg
qyhjfg nfhadfh/ lkGgjfg nfhadfh/ aHadf/
ydwyf ifwm;qD;onf =bkJgey jkfhjkFhadfh/ yg&*lbJG =jkGgzkdf;t jfgrdJh a;kKgbfg/
ykpm> ='kulrku/ yg&rD =emyugsJg/ emy qykdfhsky/
ayG@yu kd o f nf =ndfeF cFg;Hh/ ndfeF/ yg;uGut f m%mom; =lrkGgndJ jkGg[dfg
72
 vHg [t ;kJbkJgidJh lrkGgjkGg
iFug/
yg;eyfonf =;ygbdfh afg;yh/
ydËuwf =zKemy ;ygzfhcGh/
yd&rd pf =yzdJakJ euhzyg/
ydou k m =jkGgjJhodfg edfadfh/
jkGgedf odfgomkuh/
yDwd =iJarFh rygiG/
yD,aq; =jkGgvHg bkJgiJ,kF/ jkGgvHg
bkugsky/
yDavmyDeH =iwKgardtgjdJ/
ykw;D aph =nfhiGgl;Kg/ aKadfl;Kg/
ykx;dk =euhzyg euhzKh/ euhzKh euhzyg/
yka&m[dwf =lrkGgiJpJh zkugsJg/
lrkGgbdf;mku/
ylweD m&Guf =nfh;Gg/
yJh =;kJlkGg/ iwKga;dJh ;kJlkGg/
yhuJ idk o
f l =lrkGglkF ;kJlkGg/
aygrsm;ºuG,0f onf =ugG ;tefh/
aygonf =ugG/
ay:onf =oJg;kdth/ odfgnug/
yk;d yJonf =odfhjfglrKh jfglrkG/
aygavmay:onf =odfgnug ;ug;kdth/
ay:a-umh =odfg;th/ ugodfg;th/ Jgodfg;th/
zkdJodfg;th/ ugodfg ;thbkug/
yd@k onf =iHhzdt/ iHh/
yd;k =iy/
yd;k r$m; =iyarkGomkug/
yufjzef;onf =kflfgcyh/ jfgcy lfgcyh/
ydu k (f uGe)f =jfgqkyh jfglrdJh (;kJzkK
lkF sf jkGh)/ jfgqkyh/
73
ydu
k vf ;Hk =euhjfg;Hh/ odJheuh/
ykud vf idk ;f =odJheuha;df/ euhjfg
;Hha;df/
yifpif =sfg[Hg ;GhaGg/
yifpifpm; =Jg sfg[Hg ;GhaGg/
yifpnf =iwKgbkKa;ku/
yif;rif;qkid f =;kJcdtg l;yha;G/ a;G
cdtg kdJgzkfg/
yifv,furf;ajc =lfh;Gh odJhoFh/
yifv,fauG@ =lfh;GhoFh jfgakfg/
aygiEf o HS nf =lKJgadfh/
aygi;f rke@f =aKbHh jfgnug/
aygi;f ul; =l;mkuhoFh/ [yhzFh/ ;kJ[yhzFh/
aygi;f pnf;onf =eJgl;K a;KhzFh/ ugl;K
ugzFh/ ugl;K l;KzFh/
aygi;f oif;onf =Jga;kdf bkyg/ eKidu
ugrku;Hh/ eKidu vGvuh/
ywWjrm; =;kKiJ ;fg;kyg/
ydwLW p =eGgHh [kxtharyg/
ywf0ef;usit f ajctae =jfgqkyh jfgqkfg
jkGgug omkuhodfg fgskJ/
ok;H oyfry+ nm =;fhcfh zfhbdf iynG/
ydwu f m; =eGgHh oK;kdth/ eGgHh zkK
;kdth/
ydwpf =eGgHah ryg/
ykwjf ywftvkyo f rm; =lrkGgbkJg jkGgbkJg
nH [t [fhaGg jkFhbkJg/ lrkGg[fhaGg
jkFhbkJg/
yefum =;kfhJkg F/
yefuefjym; =[yheJh/
yef;csu D m; =lrkGg,kug efg;kdf/
yef;csq D o JG nf =zmyg lrkGg,kug/ yGiv hf if;onf =;kfh;yh/
yef;acG =jkGgnuh jfgqkKg/ ykEH ydS x f w k af 0onf =bkFhqkyh eJhoJg ;yg/
ydeo f nf =arkdfh/ yËdZ0D aq; -jkGgvHg bkJgidJh jkGgcmy
yde;f O =ardtg/ fgarkG/
ykapmfEo HS nf =skxtgiKh/ yEMw J ikd f -kyoFg oGbf/
yv†i† f =zKndfg vfh;kJ ugpfh/ yvD -bHgwfg;yg jkGgzKeGh iKrK/
yk}H uD;cso hJ nf =bkJ,ku[Hgg ;kdfoJg/ ya&m*enf; -jkGg;ug jkGgnKg fga;uh/
kJ;kdfoJg oJg;t/ lkugoJg;t/ y&kyv f ;Hk -jkGgvHg l;Kgskxtg/
yk-H urf; =,kug [dfhlfh/ ,kug akatrJ/ yvl -lkyh/
,kugiG arJhlfh/ ,kugiGharJh/ yvkid , f m -jkKoG Jg[dJ/ jkKoG
ykw H ydk wfp =jkGg[df nKhnkatg/ [fh[dJ/ Jg[fh[dJ/
ys0H o J nf =,dtgJkg yh/ ,dtgjfgqkfg/ yvkwu f si;f onf -jfglrug akdfhaHh/
yHEk ydS pf uf =zGbkFh;yg/ yvdyaf &m*g -jkGgcmy ,dtarkG/ l;yx
ykEH ydS wf u kd f =kygkuh ;kJbkFh qkyhoJg ;yg/ jkGgcmy/
yso hH nf =lfgcyh/ yoonf -ekxtgJg vyhsJ vyhsKhcGg/
ysKd @tefonf =lrdfodfg/ iJardf/ ya[Vd0u S of nf -;fgcf [Kkxt/
jyZgwf =jkGga;Hg ;Jh;kdth/ jkGglt ygvrD ef -lfg;ygbkfg jkGguag H/ l;Fl;uh/
;Jh;kdth/ yg; -skycdJ/ fgeFh/
ajypm =;yg l;FvdJh/ ;yg l;Fodth/ yg;csLid ahf y:onf -skycdJ jfgqkyhaHh
òydusonf =jkfhlrkKg/ ;fglrkKg/ oJg;kdth/
òydvo J nf =;fgldJg/ ;fgedJg/ yg;odik ;f arG; -skycdJcFg/
jyufv;Hk =jkGgbkJg iJpkJh/ jkGgkJ ydwek ;f -amugbh kxtnGh/
iJpkJh/ ykZeG q f yd f -cdugxunH/
ajymifonf =[Gh;kfh/ cHgeG ;fgqKh/ yg;csw d f -vGgarmy/
;kf;yh/ yk&pf -jfgayh odfjdJ/
ajymif;vJonf =jfg;dfg/ jfga;kfg/ ykvJ -jfgbdJ l;ygodJh l;KgeHh/
oHgjfga;kfg/ ay;yd@k onf -iHhzdt[dJ/
jynfph o Hk nf =;tefh/ lkauh[duh/ ay;tyfonf -[dJjkfhadfh/
jyefay;qGo J nf =zmygzdt amkyh;dJh/ ay;qyfonf -[dJ;dJh/ l;f;dJh/
jyefwef;0ift&m&Sd =[HgvHg uga;kKg vfh;kJ yJo;D -afgeyhiGg/
[dfg[Hg/ yJcsw d f -iwKga;dJh zmygrkG/
74
yJwifoH -jkGglrkfg lfgqK/ aysmufuif;onf -cyhbkJadfh/ cyhbkJ
aygo h nf -nmyh/ cFhjkfh,dug/ adfhkK/
ay:yvif -eGgHeh Fh/ ysOjf ym; -iwKgedJg/
ydak umif;onf -rdf;t/ rdfa;Kh;t/ jyyGJ -jkGg[dfg;kdth aHadf/
yd;k wk;H vk;H -iy;Hg/ jym;onf -jfgedJg/
yd;k zvHaumif -lyhlkdf arkGomkug/ jym;csyo f nf -jfgedJg cGjG/
yd;k avmufvef; -iynH [H[f odJhaHh/ +yD;pD;onf -odthadfhkK/
yk;d r#ix f wk o f nf -JgkyoJg jfgjkH;kdtg/ +yD;qk;H onf -odthjfg [Fgadfh/ odthl;F
yk;d owfaq; -jkGgvHg bkJgidJh iyarkG/ adfh/
yufusd -a;Hg[fhky/ +yD;ajrmufonf -odthodfg eGadfh/
yk;d yef;onf -ug;Jh iJ,kF/ ðyvkyo f nf -bkJg/ bkJgoJg/ bkJgomkuh/
yku d q f H -rFheGg/ ajy;ckeyf pf -a;dfglkfqyh jkGg;fgqKh/
yifyef;EGr;f e,fonf -iGlrf ;fg[fh/ aysmufusm;ppf -jkGgcf vGa;dfg/
yifv,f&yfjcm; -lfh;Gh odJha;Kh/ jyify -fga;Kh fg[K/
yifv,fatmf -lfh;Gh jfgqkKg/ ajymifavSmifonf -bkJgedfeFh ;fgqKh/
aygi;f rke@u f if -aKbHh rFhedJg vGgarfh/ zkdJhedfkFh ;fgqKh/
aygi;f pyfonf -eJgl;K cyh[df/ ajymif;a&$@onf -iKiFzdt jfga;kfg
ydik ef ufusL;vGeo f nf -bkJgiF eysdth vfh;kJ/ iKiFzdt ugvu/
HhjGhbth/ ,yeysdth [t HhbthaHh/ òydibf uf -lrkGg[yh zGhcFg/
ypPn;f -jkfhjyhjkGg/ jkfhbkxt jyhjkGg/ jypfru _ sixhf ;Hk -jkG;kJ zygrkdfg jkGgiF
ypfonf -qyh/ ;kJa;uh/
ywfonf -Jgeyh/ jynfEiS 'f %fay;onf -[dJ jkGgqJ oJgadfh
yufonf -yglfh/(odf yglfh)/ akJa;Kh fgjkGg eGgcGh/
yk'jf zwfonf -rfhcf jkFhadfh/ jyefvnfaygi;f pnf;onf -ugl;K ugzFh
yef;em&ifusyaf &m*g -jkGgcmy bfgaru vdJhidf;Hh/
iG[Fg/ òyH;onf -pJhzfgaruh/
yef;bJxo k nf -[fh/ [fh jkKoG/ yGx
J w k o f nf -sHhoJg;kdth aHadf fgpJh/
yef;bJzdk -aruh ;kJ[fh jkKoG/ yGwo f yfonf -nFhidJg nFh;dfh/
aysmufq;Hk onf -ugbkJhadfh/ jkfhbkJadfh/
aysmufu, G of nf -ugbkJ kxtadfh/ ugbkJ
z
jfg[duhadfh/ zdEySd cf sKKyfcs,jf cif; =jkGgcdfga;kKg [Khey/
75
zufqpfqe@u f siaf &; =jkGgcf augcFg nGcy/ azguzf suo f nf =bkJgl;uh ldJadfh/
jzpf&yfog' =omkuhrJg rdua;uh/ bkJgldJ l;uhadfh/
azgujf yefa&;orm; =lrkGgbkJgl;kGg zkid wf JG =;ygjJidJg/
nK[dfh/ lrkGgbkJgl;kGg ldJl;uh/ zD;pD;onf =cdfgjkfh zkdJhzkFg/ cdfgey
zsuo f rd ;f a&;0g' =bkJgldJ[du rdua;uh/ cdfgu/g jkygey jkygu/g
zefw;D onf =bkJgomkuhoJg/ bkJgomkuhodfg/ zvS,o f nf =jfg;dfg/ oHg;dfg/
zuf =eG/(eGoJ. eGskxth)/[t jfgadJh/ oHgjfga;kfg/
ndfeFbfg/ z,f&mS ;onf =iKoJgadfh/ ndJoJgadfh/
zwfurm; =kdJgjfg qkfgjkFh/ eJgoJgadfh/ eJgoJg jfgnfhadfh/
azguzf suu f sL;vGeo f nf =bkJgl;uhldJ az;ronf =jfgomku afgoKg/ jfgomku
bkJgiFsdth (skxth)/ bkJgzkduh/
zG@J pnf;onf =cKl;Kodfg/ eJgl;K ugodfg/ zsmxGuo f nf =nHndfhoJg/ oJgjfgrkGg/
bkJgomkuh odfgl;K/ oJglfgcyh/
zDvmaoGzjD cif; =jkGgcfrkdfh jfga;myh/ zk;H zdonf =cHgey kJheysky/
zsuq f ;D jcif; =jkGgbkJg jkfhlrkKg cHgbmkeusky/ [Kkxtsky/ eJgkxt
ldJadfh/ jkGgbkJgldJ/ eJgeysky/
jkGgbkJgldJ bkJgadfh/ zefonf =jfgvdJ/ vGgldJh/
jzefajza&; =jkGgqkdfhlkJh [dfg[duh/ zG@H òzd;onf =[Hgodfg ;tefh/
jkGgqkdfh lkJh[duh/ az:onf =lkugoJg;kdth/
zswv f wfonf =jfgbkdfh jfgcuh/ afg;yh azsmo f nf =a;dth/ (a;dthodJh akHcFh)/
afgjG/ vHglrdfh akdfh;yh/ afglrHgu(h iyhiK vJl;Kg)
zdw-f um;onf =Gkdfhbkug/ Gkdfhsky jzm;a,mif;onf =yg;ug yg;df/ yg;ug
[fhbkug/ zmygvg u/
zsuo f rd ;f onf =bkJgldJ[du/ bkJgldJ ajzqko d nf =lkugoJgcFg/ kJcug oJgvdJhcFg/
[duadfh/ azsmaf jzonf =[dfgbkug ;kdthcFg/
zG@H òzd;a&; -jkGgbkJg [Hgodfg ;tefh/ ;Jhbkug ;kdthcFg/ ;kJhJg ;kJhuch Fg/
zG@H òzd;wd;k wufonf =[Hgodfg oHhodfg ;tefh/ zsi;f onf =skJlG/ jkfh,dug/ fgiHg/
zDvgqe@u f sio f nf =cfrkdfh cfaugcFg/ zkdfjkfh,dug/
cfrkdfh zuhaGgcFg/ jzpfonf =omkug/h
azgazgoo D D =ugG ;tefh/ ;t;t efhefh/ zse;f Iajymonf =kJeGg jfgcyedJg/ ;fhcfh
zefqif;onf =iH;Hjkfh/ kJedJg/ jfg,Jg kJrJg/
76
zse;f onf =jfgcy/ jfgcyjkfh/ jfgcyzug/
jzef;onf =rkFh,dJg/ jfglkF rkFh,dJg/
ðzwfonf =oKjkfhadfh/ oKoJgadfh/
bkJglrdt oJgadfh/
ndJlrdtadfh/
azsmufypfonf =bkJgcy bkJhadfh/
bkJgldJ cybkJadfh/
ajzmifrh wfonf =zKjuheGg/ zKjkJg/
ajzmifjh zL;onf =zKbmkuhl;yh/
òzdzsuo f nf =bkJgjkfh lrkKgldJ/
òzHonf =afgcfg/ afgrfg/ eJgiGg/
jzKef;wD;onf =bkJg;kKh bkJgl;yhadfh/h
jze@jf zL;onf =eJhjkfh lfgcyh/ nfgjkfh
lfgcyh/ ;myhjkfh lfgcyh/ [dJjkfh
lfgcyh/
jznfph rG ;f onf =eJgefhodfg/ bkJg;t efhodfg/g
bkJ;t efhzkdf/ bkJg;t efheG/
zdwpf ifonf =jkfhakat jkfhqGhadfh/
jkfhoJgadfh/
zDqefonf =zkHhjug jfgrygcFg/ oJarkdf
cFg/ akatgbkJg/ akatgcFg/ cfaugcFg/
z&dzk &J =jfgrkGg [fh[Gg/ ;kHglrdt
;kHglrdfh/ jfgnKh jfgnkatg/
azguu f m;a&mif;0,fonf =bkJgakat(aF)
JgcGh Jglrkyg/
zl;pmqko H nf =emyjuh jfgrdJh eGgvdJh;Hh/
nfrfgvG fgjuh iGl;Kg a;Hg;Gg;kKg
fgeGg idtgodJh vdJh;Hh/
azsm&f nf =odJha;dth/ afglrHgodJh/
zcif =nGh/
zaemifh =vfhskxtgadfh/
77
zvm; =eJh[Hg/ odJheJh[Hg/
zgax;onf =JgcG nGgey/
zgonf =nGgey/ bkJgey fgl;uh/
zm;yavmif; =[ygl;KhvG/
zm;zkd =aruh/ akJ;fg iGaKh/
zdEydS rf + =jkGgcdfgey zkdJhzkFg/
zdEydS of nf =cdfgey bkJgzkdJh/ cdfgey
zkdJhzkFg/
zdonf =cdfgey/ cdfgjkfh/ cdfga;kJg
jkfh/ jkygpJjkfh/ a;kJgpJjkfh/
zdtm;ay;onf =[dJcdfg a;kJgkGh/ [dJ
jkGgcdfg a;kJgkGh rK kJidu
kJidfskyg/
zJóud; =jfgjkH l;dJgefg/
az: jycsuf =lkugoJg ;kdthl;y/
az:a&Gr+ =jkGgbkug juhcFg/ jkGgiJarFh
iJ;kKh nKgnFhcFg/
az:a&Gonf =bkJgbkug juhcFg/ iJ;kKh
nKgnFhcFg/
az:vmzm;onf =oHgiG odfg;t eKhedJg/
zl;ikH =nuhl;H/
zufòydio f nf =[yhzGhcFg/
azguu f o JG nf =bkJglkK nGadfh/
azgucf o JG nf =bkJglkK l;uhnGadfh/
azgux f iG ;f onf =bkJgl;uhsdth/
azgujf yefonf =bkJgl;Gg nKh[dfh/
bkJgl;Gg nKhldJ/
azguo f nf =lrkGgJg lrkygjkFh/ bkJgl;uh/
zwfpmtkyf =;yg[dJ ;kJkt/
zkwo f nf =JgeFh/
jzwfyikd ;f -;ygbfjJh jkFhamug/
zefxnfvyk if ef; =bkfh[kxtgzdfh jkGgbkJg/ jzwfomG ;onf =zdtjfg;mku/ zdtjkFh/
zefcu G f =eJhbkfh [kxtgzdfh/(eJhiwKgzdfh zdt;fg l;Hadfh/ zdteGadfh
bfgbkJg sf iwKgzdfh. eJhbkfh [kxtgzdfh zGiv hf pS o f nf =efbuh;kdth/ efbuhoJg/
bfg bkJg sf bkfh[kxtgzdfh)/ jze@af 0onf =eJhjkfh lfgcyh/
zrf;0&rf; =;kJlkF vmfdfg/ jzL;onf =;my/ ;myjkfh/(;my kathbFg)/
zk;H tkyo f nf =ugeyjkfh/ oKjkfhey/ jze@jf zL;onf =;myjkfh eJhlfgcyh/ [dJjkfh
jfga;mkuhey/ lfgcyh/
zsuyf ,fonf =bkJgl;yh oJgadfh/ jzef@cso D nf =nfgjkfh lfgcyhzdt/ eJhjkfh
jzLzwfjzLa&mf =eHh;Gh a;GhH/g lfgcyhzdt/ [dJzdt;kdth lfgcyh/
ajz-um;onf =kJcug skykathcFg/ za,mif; -jfgrG/ jfgsyh jfgrG/
ajz&Si;f onf =kJcug bkJg;yhcFg/ kJcug z&Jo;D -[dJh;kFiGg/
kJ;yhcFg/ kJcug ;yhcFg/ zg;onf -oHgiGodfg skyrJg/
ajzmifch suaf y;onf =[dJ kJl;mkul;y/ zJaA'if -nf omGgh emy/
jzpfEikd of nft h vm;tvm&So d nf =atrkGh zkrd qufqaH &; -fgbkxt fgnGh fgjkGg vGvuh
omkuhodfg eGsdtg jkGgbdf cFgu/g yhzFh/
jzpfzmG ;onf =omkuhoJgodfg/ zufxm;onf -ndfbfgsky/
jzpfysurf + =jkGgomkuh jkGgldJ/ azguw f H -;kJbkJg l;uheuh/
jzpfajrmufonf =omkuhodfgeG/ zkid w
f o JG nf -[dJidJg;yg/
jzpfvmonf =omkuhkdfh/ omkuhodfgkdfh/ zrf;qkyo f nf -lkFarygbfg/
jzpf&yf =jkGgomkuhodfg vfhcdJ/ zkecf o H nf -oKlrdt jkfhadfh fgrmy
jznfph u G o f nf =eJgsdthefh/ fgrmuh/
jznf;aES;pGmoGm;onf =zdtiK[uh pfgzkK/ zsmcif;onf -[Ghjkfh ;kJ[Gh/
jzwfonf =lkfhjkFh/ bkJgjkfh/ [FhjkFh/ zsm;emonf -cmycGh/
eFhjkFh/ zdteG/ zk;H onf -bkJgey/ jfga;mkuhey/
jzwfu;l onf =zdteG/ aGgeG/ aGgjkFh/ azsmo h nf -eHh;Gh/ zGrdfjug/
zdtjkFh/ zsuq f ;D onf -bkJgldJ ldJadfh/
jzwfausmo f mG ;onf =zdtjfg;mku zsuyf pfonf -bkJgldJadfh/
eGadfh/ zdtjfg ;mkuadfh/ zsuo f nf -bkJldJ/ oFl;yh/
jzwfx;dk Om%f =jfgskJg jfgrdJh l;Fl;uh/ zsuo f abFm -odJhiKhnKh ;kJbkJgldJ/
jzwfx;dk Om%fraumif;ol =lrkGg [t jfgskJg ajzmifw h ef;onf -zKrfgsG/
jfgrdJh l;Fl;uh rdfjug/ ajzmifrh eS o f nf -zKjuheGg/
78
jzpfysuaf ponf -bkJgomkuh bkJgldJ/ Adwmef =,fxy kK;K/
zsH -zKafgry/ Adrmef =kygzfhcGh/
jzpftq hH q Adou
J J -jfgayhnH atrkGh omkuhodfg/ k m =jkGgedf odfgah ;kKg/
jznfo h nf -eJgsdthefh/ ,Fgsdthefh/ lrkGgedf odfgu/g
jzwfvrf; -a;dfzK/ Adou k mvuf&m =jkGgedfa;kKg jfgvHg
jzwfoef;onf -zdtjkFh/ aGgeG/ zdtjfg jkGgjJh/
;mkuheG/ aAmufzwf =vHgefg/ vHgardJg/
jzwfcsonf -bkJgjkFhjkfh/ ndJjkFh Asm'dwaf wmf ='kuzky zfhcGh/
jkfhadfh/ Ak;H vufeuf =byglkK jfgakatg jfgeGh/
jzKwfaumif -nKhif/ ADZ =skJ[Fg iJpJh/ iJpJh [FgskJ/
zGiohf nf -efbuh/ iJpJh [FgjGh/
aA'gyif =nuhbkK odJhvHg/
A aAm"dyif =a;Kgbmkyh; g kfg/
AvD =bHgcfg;Jg iKrK/
aA'ifynm =jkGgomGhemy iynG/ A[ef;ausmuf =lrkGhyh /g
ArmvlrsKd ;}uD;0g' =bkdfgbdJh ztg[Hg aAmif; =augouh/ vHgeug/
rdua;uh/ AsKd if; =oHgodJh nGheHh/
Armtu =jkGg;Jhbkdfg/ jkGgJg A[kow k =jkGgbdfodJg iJpJh bkJgsK/
;Jhbkdfg/ ADZm =vmfdfg sdthakJaHh/
A[d&k f XmecGJ =vfh;kJ a;fhbJhadJh/ ADwmrif =jkGgvHg kGhrJg/
A[k0g' =rkuG rdua;uh/ ADwmrif"gwv f eG u
f jJ cif; =jkGgvHg kGhrJg
A[d&k f =vfh;kJ a;fhbJh/ cyxy fgjkGg ugG jfg;mku/
A[d&k Xf mecsKyf =vfh;kJ a;fhbJha;kKg/ ADAmzsH =zKafgry eygefg bdJhzyg/
vfh;kJ a;fhbJh vfhcdJ/ AD&kd =jtafgoKg/
Adv k f =a;dJhvHg/ Ak'b < mom =jkGgzKeGh zKemy ;kJa;uh/
Akvd }f uD; =eGl;K a;dJhvHg/ a;dJvHg[Hg/ Ak'o < uU&mZf =sfgJsg kJ zKemy ;kJa;uh/
Akv
d rf LS ; =eGzFh a;dJhvHg/ a;dJh[HgvHg/ Ak;H }uJav,Of =akathiKhnKh ;kJqyhjkfh
Akv
d rf LS ;}uD; =eGzFh a;dJhvHg[Hg/ byglkK/
Akvd cf sKyf =a;dJhvHg [Hga;kKg/ Ak;H cdu
k si;f =kJgaHh ;kJugmu byglkK
Akvd cf sKyf}uD; =a;dJh[Hg vHga;kKg[Hg/ vfh;kJ/
ArmvlrsKd ; =bkdfgbdJhztg/ Adv k u f sp;kd rd;k onf =bkJgey bkJgu/g bkJgsFh
79
 buf =eGadJh/ jfgadJh/ zy/(eGoJg.
bkJgzf/ omkuh[Hg bkJgey bkJgujg kfh/
Adv
k w f J =kyg;fgjkdfh ;kJugakath/ zyoJg)/
Akvd af vmif; =lrkGgjfg,Jg omkuha;dJhvHg/
b%fwu kd f =rFhvfh;kJug/ rFhkuh/ rFhkygkuh/
Akvd o f ifwefausmif; =a;dJhvHg jkGgidu
bdik uf sonf =arfhafg[Gg/ arfhafg[yh/ rFh
idfgkuh/ arfhafg[Gg/
AsL&du k a&pD =[HgvHg jkGglt ;kJa;uh/ bkid pf ud@k =lrkGg,kug omkuhlrkGg/
AsL&duk &uf =lrkGglkFbfg [HgvHg vfh;kJ/bk;d ab;bDab =nkathnGhnkath/
AsL[m =jkGgjfg ryg,Jg zkK,kfh/ bufpHk =eGadJh lkauh(lmkuh)zTt/g
ajAmuft;dk =bygl;KglkK/ zkdflkauhztg/
Ak@d tm; -cyg;yg bygkGh/ bmomb0 =ugomkuh [FgjGh/ omkuh[FgjGh/
Ak'[ < ;l -bkKidthpJh/ jkGgomkuh [FgjGh fgjkGg ugifhrdfh/
Akvd pf o JG l -lrkGglkJ;t/ bdow d cf o H nf =vdfeJg a;kKgbfg zKndfg
+Adwo d #toHviG Xhf me -aHh;fh cyg;ygl;mkuhg vfh;kJ/ vdfodfg zKndfg vfh;kJ/
bfeuh/ bk&m;w&m; =zKbfgrdfg jkGgzKjkJg/
ajAm -oKhnHbG ;kJl;kdf/ blwm&kH =;kubygFh ;kJugakat kyg/
ajAmuft;dk -zJgbyglkK/ ;kubyg Fhkyg/
bk;d ab; =nkathng Gh/
b ab; =eGgcGh eGgsfg/ eGglkdfh eGcGh/
vfhcdJ/ rKha;Gh/ jkGgidJh jkGgbkJ
bkaH ps; =a;GjGhzFh/ vfh;kJ/
b0ypPn;f =jkGgug ifhrdfh jkGgakat(aF)/ ab;&ef =a;dJ'fh fgjkGg bkJeGglkdf
b0 =jkGgug ifhrdfh/ eGgcGh/
bmomjyef =lkugoJgeGg/ lkugoJg'ku/ ab;t E &W m,f =eGglkdfh eGgcGh
bke;f uH}uD;aom =emy[Hg jfgrdJhoHh/ zkdJhzFg/ jkGgeGgidJh eGgbkJ/
bmompum; =;kfh'ku/ ;kfh'ku ab;&eftE &W m,f =a;dJ'fh fgjkGg bkJgeGg
jkGgkJeGg/ lkdfh eGgcGh zkdJhzFg/ a;dJ'fh
blrad A' =kJgvHg skJxy cyxy/ fgjkGg bkJgeGgidJh eGgbkJ/
b¿ma&; =rFhrfh vfhcdJ/ rFhrfh abmpOfcb J ,G f =cGgJg uhqyg/
jkGga;kKg/ befwb kd ef&n S tf wwf =;fhnkatg ;fhoHh
bk0H g' =rkuG jGhzFh rdua;uh/ fgjkGgzkdf/
bk&ifcH =vmykuhvfh/ bkww f ap> =kJgjfglrkfg/
80
bG,b f ,G &f m&m =juhjuh eGgeGg/ ifhrdfh
ifh[Gg/
bG@J =jfgrdJh a;kKgbfg/
bG@J wq H yd f =jfgrdJh a;kKgbfg jfhcy/
bGm;ueJay:onf =;kdth;yh odfgvdJ/
bkAH rd mef =kyg[Hg zfcGh/
bkyH pPn;f =jkGgakat(aF) jGhzFh/
bke;f }uD;ol =lrkGgemy[Hg/
abmifbifcwfonf =kfkuh lkKgaHh/
abmif =a;Khjfgqkfg/
bef;pum; ='kuoJg;t/ 'kuoJglkGh/
abG =[dfgiGg/ vHgiF/ eJgiGg/
abG,o l nf =ndJ[dfgiGg/ eJgvHgiF/
ndJeJgiGg/
bmom =;kfh'ku/ jkGgzKeGh/ jkGg,kFJg/
;ygvfhcdJ/
abmf =rFhiyiKh/
abmuaA' =JgcGhlrkyg jkGgrdfg
skyodfg cyxy/
b0ifjrifo h nf =sJg[Hg skyskJ/ sJgodfg;th
skyskJ/
bma-umifh =bfgnHhjJh/ bfgjyhjkGg
vdJhjJh?/
bm*sm =ayaG fkxtbkug/
bmbJjzpfjzpf =nHhjJh eGgeGg/ bkJgnHhjJh
eGgeGg/
bmvDaph =efg;yg ekxtl;Kg/
bmvJ =bfgjJh/ bfgjyhjJh?/
bmomw&m; =jkGgzKeGh zKjkJg/
jkGgzKeGh ,kFJg/
bmom&yf =;kfh'h ku vfhcdJ/ ;yg;kGg
81
vfhcdJ/
bmomra&G; =jkGgzKeGh jygjJh eGgeGg/
bdvyfajr =;kKomy yhbFg/ kJvHg aHh;fh/
bdvyf&nf =odJha;dthcFh/ odJhaHh;fh/g
bdv, d uf =jkGgcFh;kHg ;fgqKh/
bdv, d ufpm;yGJ =jkGgcfh;kHg ;fgqKh
[yhrkG/
bdv, d ufx;dk wH =ygodf ;kJcFg;kH/g
bdou d yf JG =aHadf ndJodfg zKndfg
vfh;kJ/
bdpuGwf =eywfgamu aKbHh/
bD,m =odJhjfglrGg/
bD; =aKidJg/ ;kuefh/
bkusonf =juhcFgjug/ oJarkdfcFg/
bk&ifccH sKyf =vmykuh vfha;kKg/
bk&if =zKndfg/
abuif;onf =;kJeGg lkdfhcGh ugjug/
;kJidJh ;kJbkJ ugjug/
ab;rSm =[t rKha;Gh/ [t vfhcdJ/
bJav;tu =jkGg;Jh lyhzktg jfgryh/
bufno D nf =juheGg cFg;Hh/ juhrfg[Fh
vdJh;Hh/
bufajymif;ol =lrkGoJglkGh/
lrkGglkflkGh/
bifc&m =jkGgfkxt jkGg[Kg/
abmif;bD&n S f =kdJgvdfgoHh/
b%fvyk if ef; =rFhrfh jkGgbkJg/ rFh kygkuh
jkGgbkJg/
b%fw;dk ESKef; =rFhrfh vfhcdJ fgjkGg
nHodfg eGlmy/ rFhkygkuh fgjkGg
nHodfg eGlmy/
befuvkd =kyg[Hg cyhlrkJ ;kJugakat/
bwf(pf)um; =efw ;kuzG/
bwf(pf)uufabm =jkGgqyh cHgsdth ;fgqKh
nfjfgnug/
bke;f }uD; =zKemy/
bke;f }uD;ausmif; =zKemykuh/
b,f =eyjJh?/
b,fwek ;f u =[t bfgvGhjJh?/ [t
eyjJhvGh?/
b,fawmhrS =jfgnkxtjug/ jfgvdfhjug/
b,fae&mrS =jfgnujug/ [t vfh;kJ
jfgnujug/
b,fbuf =[t zKzyg jfgadJh/
b,fukd =[tjJh?/
b,fu =[teyjJh?/
b,fvdk =nHjJh?/
b,frmS vJ =[t ugeyjJh?/ [t eyjJh
jfgnug?/ fgug eyjJh?/
b,fov l J =bfgHlh Jh?/
b,forl qkd =HhlJh kJjug/ HhlJh eGgeGg/
b,fot l m; =[t ;kJ sf HhlJh/ [t
;kJ[dJ sf HhlJh?/
b,fo. l =bfg-HhlJh/ bfgHh lJhjGh?/
b,f[m =eyjJh jfgakatg kkGh?/ eyjJh
jfgkJg kkGh?/
b,f[mbJjzpfjppf =eyjJh jfgkJg eGgeGg/
b,ftcsed f =cdtvGh efjJh/ cdtvGh
eyhjJh?/
b,favmuf =efjJh?/
b,fawmh =eyhjJhvGh/ eyjJh fgvGh?/
b,fae&m =vfh;kJ eyhjJh?/
82
b,furkd S =[t jfgnujug/ [t eyjJh
jfgnujug/
b,fvb dk jJ zpfjzpf =omkuh nHhjJh eGgeGg/
bG@J 0wfpHk =jfgrdJh a;kKgbfg kdJgzkfg/
bGwzf eyf =vfgnf[Hg/ vfgnfeug/ vfgnf
cHgoKh/
bG@J x;l =jfgrdJh a;kKgbfg oHh;t/
bmZlumvufeuf -cysdfg[Hg
;kJvGlrdt/
b&mZD,m -lrkGgbKg zkfgnH kKaHh/
b&dwf -;kJ,y ugakat/ ;kJlkF
ugakat/
bmompum; -;kfh'ku/
bmomw&m;udrk xDrjhJ rifðyol -lrkGgbkJgjfg
vmu(vkau) jfgaGg jkGzKeGh
zKjkJg/
bmomjyefol -lrkGg lkugoJgeGg ;kfh'ku/
bmoma&;ppf -jkGgzKeGh jkGgcf/
bDv;l -nyh;H nyhnfh/ nyhif;kH/
bk&m;zl;orm; -lrkGg zdtbdflkHh
zKeGh/ lrkGg zdt;kJ zKeGh/
bk&m;&Scd ;dk onf -zKeGh/
ab;rS=unfo h l -lrkGg ugbdf [t fga;Kh/
bJief; -jfgif akdfheuhoHh/
abmvfyif -eK;lGgs ;ygeuh/
abmif'gaqmif -idu;yg kuhnH ;kJug
bdJh kygkuh[K/
bufawmfom; -vuhidu [t ugjfgadJh/
vuhidu [t vfhcdJ jfgadJh/
bufno D nf -juheGg rfg[Fh;Hh
bufx&D; -cyg;yg cyxyaKh/
b%ftyfaiG -rFh [dfgug rfhkyg kuhaHh/
bde;f -jfgrdJg;kKg/
bde;f jzL -jfgrdJg ;kKgeHh/
bG@J EiS ;f obifcef;raqmif -kygkuh [K[HgaHhrJ =iG/
;kJ[dJjkfh jfgrdJh a;kKgbfg/
r remvkd =iJvmG/ iJvf/
arG;jrLa&;=jkGgekatgbdf/ jkGgekatgsky/ remvk0d efwo
rsKd ;cspf =bkug bdJhztg/ bkugsky bdJhztg/
rkid f =by;fg/ btT/g
rkwo f ek af v =akJ;fg iGimy/
rD;awmuf rD;v#H =bygakdfh bygl;kG/
rif;rJ0h g' =vmyjkdt rdua;uh/
rsurf eS f =bkfh[kxtgadf/ bygiGg
bkfh[kxtg/
rSeb f vD ;l =bkfh[kxtg ;kdth;kfh/
bkfh[kxtg ;kdth,kdJg/
bkfh[kxtg ;kdth[Hg/
òrd@pm; =lrkGglt Jgqkyh/
rS =[tey/
ajrmufbuf =eGodfg/ zyodfg/
ajru|epf epf =kJgzkF vfh;kJ juha;uh/
kJgzkF juha;ug/
ajruwkwf =kJgedfl;kHg/
ajr&Sif =kJgvHg edfgzGg/ kJgedfgzGg/
ajr,mjyefvnfa0jcrf;a&; =jkGgeJh juhvdJh
kJgvHg/ kJvHg fgjkGgeJh juhvdJh/
ajr,ma0jcrf;a&; =jkGgeJhjkfh kJgvHg/
kJgvHg fgjkGg eJhjkfh/
rdrd =skJ[Fg/ jGh[Fg/ sky[Fg/
rl =rJga;uh/
rlay:vpD =rJga;uh lKg;fgwyg/
rl0g'ay:vpD =rJga;uh rdua;uh lK;fgwyg/
rl0g' =rJga;uh rdua;uh/
rudu k n f D =sdthaHh juheGgjug/ juheGjug/
rd&;kd zvm =rugrdfh/ ;kJa;uh/
kd nf =iJvmG iJkfh/ iJvmG
iJ;uh/ iJvf iJ;uh/
ajrykH =kJgvHg,kug/
rk'ed ;f usio hf nf =bkJgldJ bkJgadfh
lrkGgbKg ifhbJh/ lkFcdug bkJgedJg/
rde@cf eG ;f ='kukJzky/ 'kukJjkJg/
rw&m; =iFl;f/ zKjkJgjug/ afgl;kdfg/
rw&m;ðyvkyo f nf =bkJgiF bkJgl;f/
bkJgzK jkJgjug/ bkJgafg
bkJgl;kdfg/
jrL;wl;onf =ef[df cdJhnug/
ajriSg;c =kJgvdfhaGg/
rSww f rf; =jkGgrJg jJhbf/ jkGgjJhbf
jkGgrJg/ jkGgrfhbf rfhjJh/
r[mrdwzf @JG jcif; =jkGgcK l;Kodfg vuhidu/
jkGgbkJgvuh bkJgidu/
r[mvlrsKd ;}uD;0g' =bdJhztg[Hg rdua;uh/
rmefeaxmifvm$ ;jcif; =jkGgjfgskJg[Hg
skyskJ/ jkGg[dfg[Hg skyskJ/
jkGgeJg[Hg ltskJ/
rufarmonf =iJ,kF iJ;kKh(iG,kF
iG;kKh)/
r,fov D =zKemybkxt/
arSmifarSmifrrJ J =vyjfgrkFg/
83
rnfr# =efjJh/
rSL;rwf =zKndfg lrkGg[dfg[Hg/
rSwaf usmuf =;kKbf/ [dfgbf/
jJhbfa;kKg/
rmefygygajymonf =kJeGg odfg;th;th/
kJeGg fddf[Hg[Hg/ kJeGg kGh[Hg[Hg/
rm&fewfrif; =vyhsJ yg;ug yg;df fgvmy/
rGr;f rHonf =bkJgjkduh rdfidf/
bkJgrdf odfgidf/
ref;onf =kxthnmy/
rGejf rwfonf =zKjkduh ifhrdfh/
rGe;f onf =iG[Fg/
rSeu f efonf =juheGg/ fgjuh fgeG/
rSe;f onf =;fhcfh/ ;fhbdf/ jfg,Jgbdf/
ar#mrf eS ;f onf =;fhcfh bdfcFg/ bdfcFgsJg/
rdwaf qG =vuhidu/
rSed ;f onf =;fg'kKg zkdJhbkug/ ;fg'kKg
fddfbkug/
rlv =vfhcdJ vfhedfg/ vfhcdJ vfhrkdfg/
rw&m;ojzifh =zKjkJgjug vHgvdJh/ iFl;f
vHgvdJh/ afgl;kdfg vHgvdJh/
rke;f wD;onf =iJoJg iJkfh(iGoJg iGkfh)/
iJjfgvuh/
jrausmuf =;kKiJodJh ;fgidth/
r#wonf =rfg[Fh juheGg/ idfrfg[Fh/
ajrZmyif =bkygdHdf/
arGyg =odusJ/
_rJ_rHcidk cf e@o
f nf =a;kKgbfg jfgpfh/
arsmygomG ;onf =;ugzdtadfh/ ;ugomy
zdtadfh/ ;ugzdt akathadfh/
arhajrmonf =idJh'kFg/ iJpJh skJjug/
84
cuhjfglkfg/ idJhjfgl;kdf/
ar#mv f ifo h nf =bdfcFg/ bdfcFgsJg/
ajrmfjrifonf =jfgskJg bdfjuh/ jfgskJg
jfg,Jg/
rsuaf jcrjywf =bdfoF bdfkatg/
bdfkatg bdfjkuhsky/
bdfkFg bdfl;Jgsky/
jrifjh rwfonf =jkduhzK zfgch Gh/
jrnf[ed ;f onf =lrkfgjfgqK/ jfgqK jfgiuh/
r#if =;kdtg/
ar;jref;onf =cHg[dfh cHjkJg/
_rdeo f nf =qyg/ iuhruh iuhxf/ Jgqyg/
tðryf =eKeG/
ajrmufrsm;onf =GpfgzkK/ uG;fh/g
ajrmufpm;onf =[dfg[Hg odfgsky/
ajr‡mufued ;f =l;KlrK jkuomGgbh f/
ajrrsKd onf =kJgvHg zya;Hh/ kJgvHg cya;Hh/
òrdiq f idk of nf =rkuG ifhrdfh/
arm[du k o f nf =iGlrf ;fg[df/ iGlrf
;fg[fh/
rsKd ;qufopf =lrkGg;kHgbdJh oFhiGh/
bdJhoFhiGh/
ajrmufyifo h nf =oHgiG jfgcdfg odfgsky/
rwfapmifo h nf =jfgpf yglth/
r+ =fgbH/ fgvHg fgvdJh/ fgvHgvdJh/
r+cif; =fgbH fgrfg/ jkGgomkuhodfg fgvHg
fgvdJh vfh;kJ/
rk;d &moD =akJzkFgvGh/ sfgoJg akJzkFgvGh/
rk;d Owk =akJzkFgvGh/ ;GhiGg akJzkFgvGh/
rif;rSm*wdvrl mS opPm =vmybfg ugsf
jkGgt; h kdfg lrkGg;kHgbfg ugsf
 jkGgvdfzK/
raumif;qk;d 0g; =vyhsJ vyhsKh eHhbkdf
rygzkdf/
ra-ueyfcsuf =rygiG jugl;y/
a-ueyf_yD =rygiGkK/ rygiG cfgodthkK/
r-umc% =jfgbuh jfgbuh/ jfgnkat
jdthjug/
r-umrSD =pJhjdfgjug/ jdfgjug/
r*%ef; =jtg[mf/ [mfbf jkfhlfg[fg/
r_idrrf ouf =fgidtg fgarJhjug/ cHcyh
cHcfug/
rqmvm =Jgimy skxtgbFbFg/
rw&m;r+ =jkGgzK jkJgjug/ jkGgafg
jkGglkdfg/ jkGgiFl;f/
rwdik rf DS =eyh jkdthkyjug/ eyh cdtvGh
eGgkyjug/ eyh cdtvGh jkdthkyjug/
rxDav;pm;vkyo f nf =bkJgeJg,kF
eJgpkfjug/
ryDuvmyDuvmajymonf =kJeGg afg[f
afg[uh/ kJeGg jfgoK jfgoFg/
r&Jw&Jvyk o f nf =bkJgeFg bkJgeFgjug/
bkJgzktjug/ bkJgeFg zktjug/
ra&mif&h EJ ikd jf cif; =jkGgiJ,kF iJ;kKh
lKgeG lkJjug (iG,kF iG;kKh
lKgeG lkJjug)/ jkGgrygiG eGjug/
r&yfrem; =ugakath lfhjug/ bkJgzyhzFh
l;Jgkdfh/ zFhzFh bkJgsky/
r[mAsKK[m =jkGgjfg ryg,Jg zkK,kfh[Hg/
r[mrif;}uD; =lrkGglt jfgry vmy[Hg/
r[m0dZm… =jfgskJg iynG jkuvHg;t/
r[modyH` =cyg;ygiG iynG jkuvHg;t/
85
rmwdum =;yg,kHh;kdth/
rme}uD;onf =sJgodfg;th [HgskyskJ/
rme =jkGgsJg odfg;thskJ/
rm&oGeaf jy;yGJ =a;dfg,kdJgl;F aHadf/
rdcifbmompum; =bkxt;kfh'ku/
rdz&k m; =zKndfg fgbJh/ zKndfgbkxt/
rdom;pk =kygndfhnH/ kygnH ndfhnH/
rD;awmif =cugbyglkK/
rD;eDjyonf =[tg;kdth byg;kyg/
rD;pdr;f jyonf =[tg;kdth bygidth/
rD;jywku d f =byg;yh ;kdth,kdJg vfh;kJ
odfg;th/
rkq;dk =lrkGg;kFgJg jkGgbkyg/
rkom; ='ku;fgkuh/
rl-urf; =fgrK ;kdthrkJ/ rJga;uh
lrdJhlfh/
rl-urf;a&;qGo J nf =rfhzmyg fgrK ;kdthrkJ/
rfhzmyg rJga;uh lrdJhlfh/
rl&if;ykpH H =jkGg[Gh;kdfg ugsJg fg,kug
vfhcdJ/ skJrK vfhcdJ/
rlvwef;ausmif;=idu;ygkuh fgjku
vfhcdJ/
rl;,pfaq;0g; =jkGgvHg bkFglrdf/
arxkerf o hJ m;pyfenf; =bkJgomkuha;mkyh sf
fgnGh a;uhjug/
ar;cdik af &m*g =vGgcKh jkGgcmy/
ar; =vGg/ cHg[dfh/
ar;cGe;f xkwo f nf =lkugoJg 'kucHg[dfh/
rJq, G o f nf =oKzmyg [t iG fgpJh/
rJay;onf =[dJ iG/
rJqENe,f =iGbth/
armfueG ;f =jkGgrfhjJh jkGg[df ;kdfgbkxt ;kdfgnGh/
adfha;kKg/ rsuaf =um -bygiGgomkug/ bygiGgbkfh/
armfueG ;f xdr;f Xme =jkGg[duiG sky bygiGgjkug/
jkGgrfhjJh jkGg[df adfha;kKg rsuu f ,G w f iG pf &D ifonf -zygrkdfgjkfh [t
bfeuh/ bygiGg jfg[duh/
rk;d av0oXme -;kJ;fhcfh akJzkFg rsuEf mS pkn H t D pnf;ta0; -uglkauh ug[duh
akJ;fgiG fgkGh bfeuh/ jkGguag H/
rk;d oD;usonf -jfgarFg iGgzdJ/ rsuEf mS xm;wif;rmonf -bygiGg;kyg/ eJg
rku d *f &dpk ukwf -bkfh[kxtg bkJgoJg[Hg/ bygiGg lrdJhcKh/
rk'Of ;D -euhzyg aHhoFh/ rsuEf mS omay;onf -bdf bygiGg/ bdf[Hg
r*~Zif; =jkGgryg ;yg;kGg/ bygiGg/
rifpw k pf uUL -zJgzmy ;ygodJh/ rsuEf mS ajymifwu kd o
f nf -bkJg;kf bkJg;yh/
rif;quf -zKndfg fgoFh afg;kdfg/ kJ;kf kJ;yh/
rif;wkwf -euhjkK(;kJjkKbfg afg[fh)/ rsuaf rSmifuw k o f nf -zkdJjfg,my
rif;ajrmufwmqef -jfgakatg jfgrdJh bkfhakath/ zkdJjkfhlkyh
;kJeJodfg sf zKndfg/ bkfhakath/
armif;jyefaoewf -cyhsdfg oJgzFh/ rsuaf rSmuf -vuhpkf/
rdwLW -;ygefg lku;Hh/ ;ygefg zyhzFh/ rsuv f nS qhf &m -jkGgjfgryg [tg;kdthvu
rdwLW ul;puf -zG zmygzFhoJ ;ygefg/ ifrf/ jkGgjfgry bygiGg ifrf/
arwWm&yfco H nf -vdfiJ,kF amkyhiJ rsO;f a=umif; -euhzK/ ;ygzmygeuh/
,kKgodfg/ amkyhvdf rsO;f usm;vrf; -euhadJga;df/
iG(iJ),kKgodfg/ a;dfeuhadJg/
refae*sm -lrkGg ltjfgryg [HgvHg/ rsO;f òydif -euhzK [yhzGh/
rmef -kGhodfg;th/ rsO;f rwf -euhzK afgoKg/
rde@q f cdk suf -'kuzy kJoJgl;y/ jr -;kKiJ odJh;fgidth/
rke@ºf uGyf -aKbHharH/ ajrjzL =kJgomyeHh/
rke;f wD;&G@H &mS onf -iJoJg iJ,kK/ iJkfh ajr-oZm =jkGgkGh rygkJg/ jkGvHg rygkJg/
iJ,kK/ kJgvHg rygkGh/
rsKd ;aph -jkGga;mkyh jkGg;myl;Kg/ "gwaf jr=oZm -cyxy rygkJg/
rsKd ;quf -oFhyzh Fh/ a;mkyhzFhjkfh/ òrd@awmfcef;r =qkyhvHg jkGugaH [KaHh[Hg/
rsKd ;&d;k vduk of nf -;kFga;mkyh ;kFg;dfh/ ajrmuf0if&;kd pGe;f =kJg[yheuh oFh;t [t
86
 zyodfg/ ;kJbdf,kdJg/
jrif;aumifa&tm; =jfgiy[dth kGhrJg/ rSet f rd rf ;D =bygaKh bkfh[kxtg/
jrpf0 =odJh ;kJomyoJg aHhoFh/ arwWm =jkGgiJ,kF bkugsky/
jrpf0u|e;f ay:a'o =odJh ;kJomyoJg arwWm*&k%m =jkGgiJ,kKg a;fgeGg
aHhoFh a;Fjfglrf/ a;FkJgiuh iJ,kF bkugsky/
jfglrf/ òrd@jy =vkauqkyh/
jrpf0rS ;f =odJha;uh jkKga;uh/ rSwo f m;onf -bkJgbf/ rfhbf/ jJhbf/
jrnf; =jfgiy jfglkK(a;mkyh)/ rSwx f m; -bkJgbf ;kJjkuhsky/
arG@&m =kathnFg/ jkuhskybf/
arG;zGm;onf =ugoJg/ nHugoJg/ tr_rt hJ rSwrf hJ -jfglkfg afgK/h ugjfglkfg
arG;&myg Om%f =jfgskJg jfgrdJh [t afgK/h iJskJ jkdthjug/
ugoJgsky/ r=um;w=um; -skykath zkthjug/ skykath
arG;&mygtcGit hf a&; =fgvmf fgdfg [t jfgayg jugjfgayg/
ugoJgsky/ rwwfEikd f -bkJgeGjug/
rScD o
dk l =lrkGgkFgu/g lrkGgkFg ugakath/ rae@u -lfhkJsHg/
rScD okd nf =kFguag kath/ r,m;ygom;orD; -bJhnHrJ/ nHhrJ jfgkK/
arSmt f wwfynm =jkGgbkJg a;Hgvu iynG/ r&D; -vyh(lrkGgvHh sf lrkGgbKg)/
arSmufonf =jfga;kxth/ eGjfga;kxth/ afgsfh(lrkGgbKg)/ sfgh (lrkGgvHh)/
arSmifcadk ps; =a;GcGhkatg/ r&d;k om;r_ -jkGgzK zFjug/
arSmifcydk pPn;f =jkGgakat cGhkatg/ ra&mif&h EJ ikd f -iJ,kF lKgeG lkJjug/ rygiG
rSwcf suf =rfhbfl;y/ lKgeGjug/
rSwpf k =jkGgrfh bfl;K/ rvGaJ &SmifEikd jf cif; -jkGgrkKg jfgnfh eGug/
rSww f rf;ðypkonf =jfgryg rfhbfl;K jkGgrJg jkGg[kxtg[du eGjug/
jJhbf/ raocsmaom -[t ;kJjkfh jkJgjug/
rSwOf m%f =jfgskJg jfgrdJh fgjkGg rdbrJu h av; -lfgzkG ugardfnH/ lfgzkG
jkuhsky/ jfgskJg jfgrdJh/ cuh[uh bkxtnGh/
rSww f rf;Xme =jkGgrJhg jJhbf bfeuh/ rfhbf rD;cHaowWm -jtvdfh byg/
jkGgrJg bfeuh/ rDyl -byglkKg oFidJg/
rSwyf w Hk ifonf =rfha;kKgl;K/ rD;yk;H ysH -bygvkatg jfgnug aKh,g dtg/
rSwyf w Hk if&;Hk =rfha;kKg l;K;H(,uh)/ rD;&xm; -;kuhbygF/h
rSeaf jymif; =bkfh[kxtg a;Heuhh rD;,yfa&m*g -lrkGgbKg jkGcmy/
87
rD;oò*õvo f nf -ygcF ;kxth sf byg/
rD;owfwyfz@JG -a;dJh bkJglkyh byg/
rkq;dk r -lrkGgbKg ugardf/
rlyikd f -jkGgjGh sky[Fg/
rl&if; -rJga;uh vfhcdJ/
rlvD -;yglfgsfg jfgrkyh/
rl;rku d o f mG ;onf -bkFgvy jfgjkfg/
ar;aph -vGg/
arhaq; -jkGgvHg bkFgjfglkfg/
arhavsmo h nf -cuhjfglkfg/
rJjym; -iGefg/
rk;d csKef;onf -bKarKh/
rk;d yswH u kd f -kygueFg odfg;th/
rk;d ysv H rf; -a;df[Hg odfg;th/
rufv;Hk -jkGg;kJ iJ;kKh/ jkGgbkJg
iJ,kF/ jkGg[tg;kdth iJ,kF/
armufrmonf -zkdJlt skJ/
rdu k rf rJ _ -jkGgkfh ldJedJg/
rku d &f ;l &J -kfhjfgbmyh iGhrkGg/
rifa=umif -jkGgcf adJgskJ/
r*vFmaqmifonf -vuhbkG vuhbkfg/
rifpw k pf uUL -zJgzmy ;ygodJh/
rif;rsKd ;rif;EG,f -vmyzK ndfga;mkyh/
armif;cs"g; -[ygouf Jga;Fg vHg;kdtg/
armif;wifonf -fodfg cysdfg/ iKodfg
cysdfg/ qKodfg a;dJg/
armif;ESio f nf -qJ;kHgzdt/ qJadfh/
armif;rrdwo f m -lrkGgbKg uglkKsky
zKndfg/
rnf;arSmifonf -vyjfgrkFg/
rwfcu G f -eJhjfgjkdJg/
88
rdwq f ufonf -l;mkuhoFh vuhidu/
bkJgeKidu vGvuh/ lkugeKidu sf
skJ/
rdwu f yf -jkGg;kJ l;kKjkduh/
arsmufO -ardtg/
rkwaf umif -jfgbdJ [yhzku[Hg/
rkwo f ek &f moD -sfgoJg ;fgiG imyvGh/
arwWmvufrw S f -;ygbfjJh [dJbkug/
rde@cf eG ;f ajymonf -[dJjkfh 'kukJzky/
rde;f armonf -bdfbkug cuhjfglkfg/
rde;f rvsm -lrkGgvHh lrkGgbKg/
rkew f idk ;f -akJ;fgiG ;fg;dfh[Hg/
rkev f mO -jfgl;GgjdJ/
rke@[ f if;cg; -Jgimy [yhjtvGg/
r,f'vif -jygnH jfgl;dJh/
rsuEf mS jyif -bygiGg lkJhvHg/ jkGgefg
lkJhvHg/
rsuEf mS okwyf 0g -eGgHh oF bygiGg/
rsuaf phapGonf -bygiGg cdJhjkug/
bygiGgl;Kg jfgzfh/
jrm;ewfarmif -jfgsJnH vGl;kG/
ajr!Spd uf -zG oflkJh kJg/
ajrwkid ;f -jkGgjJh zdtbdf kJg/ jkGgjJh
kJg/
ajr,mawmfveS af &; -kJgvHh vfh;kJ jkGglt
odfgjuh/
ajr,mðyjyifajymfi;f vJa&; -jkGgbkJg
rdfodfg jfgl;Jg kJgvHg vfh;kJ/
jruf&w d pf uf -zG aGidJg bkygiGg/
jrifuiG ;f -;kJbdf odJg,kdJg jfgqkfg/
jrif;apmif; -jfgiylkug/
jrif;yGJ -jfgiy a;dfg[yhzGh aHadf/ ,lqonf =sJg,Jg/ jfgskJg,Jg/ jfgskJg
ajrmif;i,f -fga;uhnH/ jkfhcf/
jrpfqHk -odJha;uh cfcFg/ ,lqcsuf =sJg,Jgl;y/ jfgskJg ,Jgl;y/
jrnfweG af wmufw;D onf -jfgbmkuh jfg;Gh/ jfgskJg jkfhcfl;y/
iJlrkuh iJ;yg/ ,pfrsKd ; =jkGga;mkyh bkFglrdf/
jrnf;=unfo h nf -Jgbdf/ uhbdf/ ,ckacwfjyefvnfjyifqifa&;0g' =oFhvuhpkf
arG;&myg -jkGgug oJgsky/ jkGgbkJgrdf odfgvdJhidf
arG;zGm;E_e;f -jkGguog Jg eGlmy/ nHugoJg rdua;uh/
eGlmy/ nHugoJg ,kGglmy/ ,m;,Honf =afgiKh afgiG/
rSwyg; -jF jfgakatgjdth/ jFsdtgjdth/ a,mif,rf;onf =vdJ,F jkfhjkdf/
jFdJhjdth/ jkfhjKh jkfhjkdf/
rSpD &m -;kJjfgjJg/ ,ufonf =afqGh/ eK/ Jg;dJg/ Jgofh/ eKoG/
rS@J -bf/ a,muf,ufcwfonf =cfaKh cfaGg/ cyqyh
rd_ -ardFg/ cyqkdf/
rSipf m -kJgvyhsJ nHbG/ ,Ofaus;onf =zkG[Gg ifhrdfh/ zkG[Gg
rdi_ ;f -lkdfh;dJ/ pkfg/ zkGpkfg/
rSn+hf yD -byhkK/ ,mOf =;kuh;kJ cyg[df/
ar#mh -,kfg/ ,if; =Ggiyh/ nH/ Gg/
ajr‡mufypfonf -qyhodfgbK/ ,if;pum;twdik ;f =nH Gg'ku sdtg/
r#pf -Jgedfg/ ,if;onf =byhlrkGh/ fgbyh oJglrkGh/
r$ex f o l nf -cHcf cyhqkdfh iGl;Kg/ ,Gi;f onf =ldJadfh/
ðryfEo HS nf -Jgl;Fh eyjkfh/ Jgl;Fh jkfhey/ ,k,
d iG ;f onf =ldJjkfhadfh/ ldJjkfh
Jgl;Fhjkfh rFhrfh/ afg;kdfg/
ar$;óudio f nf -skxtgbF skxtgcFh/ ,Suo f nf =[KidJg/ [KidJg bfg;Hh/
ar$;xko H nf -skxtgbkdfh qyg/ ,SOo f nf =ugrfg[Fh/ jJhrfg[Fh/ jJharHhpkfg/
[dfomy/
, ,SO-f unfo h nf =jJhrfg [Fhbdf/ jJharHh
pkfgbdf/
,k-H unfcsuf =,kFJgl;y/ ,SOw f aJG exkid o
f nf =ugrfg[Fh lkJh[duh
,k-H unftm;ud;k onf =,kFJg iG;kGgsky/ rku;H
,Ofaus;r+ =jkGgzkGh[Gg ifhrdfh/ ,Zfyal Zmfonf =zKeGh jdfhodfg/
89
 jdfhodfg/ ,rf;"gwf =dfgiH cyxy/
,yfawmif =;kJkF lfg;mkyh/ ,rf;"gwaf iG@ =dfgiH cyxyimy/
,Ofonf =pkfg/ pkfgzkG ifhrdfh/ ,Ge;f vlrsKd K; =,mygbdJhztg/
jkduhpkfg ifhrdfh/ pkfglG ;fgG/ ,ifaumif =nKh/
,Ofatmifq;Hk ronf =kJidu kJidfg ,dr;f EG@J onf =akGouh akG;kdfg/
pkfzkGgsky/ akGodfg akG;kdfg/
,dr;f ,kid o f nf =mu/ muouh mu;kdfg/ ,kwo f nf =kfhrygzkdf/ eHhbkdf
uga;kKgjug/ rygzkdf/
,kid ;f yif;ulno D nf =jfgomku bkJgzkdu/ a,mifaqmifonf =a;mugomkuhskJ/
,kpd ;D onf =jkfhbGh omyhjkfh/ a;HgomkuhskJ/ fddfskJ/
,ku
d sonf =jkfhbGhjkfh/ a;HgskJ/ a;mugskJ/
,k-H unfpw d cf sonf =,kFJg juhiG l;Kgsky/ a,mifayayaeonf =uga;Hgouh a;Hg;kdfg/
iGl;Kg ,kFJgsky/ ,kFJg ,kid o
f nf =rHrkdth/ rHrkdth jfgzfh/
iG(iJ);kGgsky/ ,kd =iwKgiGg odJhvdf/
,k-H unfav;pm;onf =,kFJg pkfJgsky/ ,k;d onf =akGg/ [df/ ,kGh(akGgsJ/
,kFJg eJgpkfsky/ [dfsJ ,kGhJkg atg)/
,k,, k , =nFhidJg nFh;dfhsky/ bkJgbkug ,kef =[fhiGg/
bkJgrdfsky/ ,cktcsed t f xd =jkdth eyh cdtvGh
,m,D =jfgl;tg jfgl;df/ vuhpkf/
,m,Dðyvkyo f nf =bkJugag kat jfgl;tg ,m,Dtvkyo f rm; =lrkGgbkJg jkGnH
jfgl;df/ jfgl;tg jfgl;df/
,mawm =vHga;Gh/ ,leaD zgi;f =kdJgzkfg [duhidf;Hh/
,k,onf =bkJgbkug nFhidJgsky/ kdJgzkfg fg;fg idf;Hh/
,lonf =ndJ/ kdJgzkfg [duhidf/
,SOòf ydio f nf =[yhzGh;Hh/ a,m*D =zKemy bkyga;Gh/
a,mif;r =vyh/ afgsfh/ ,kxd uG o f nf =jkfhbGoJg/ jkfhbGh omyoJg/
,lZem =jkGgf,g kdJg/ ,ufr =iwKg[dfg/ jfgzkKg/
a,bk,senf; =jfg,JgrJg fga;uh/ ,ufuef; =oG/ oGeK/ oGarFg oGarKh/
a,bk,stm;jzifh =nHh jfg,JgrJg sdtg/ nHh a,mufsm;yDoonf =lrkGgvHh lrkGnGh/
jfg,JgrJg fga;uhsdtg/ lrkGgvHh ifhrdfh/
,rf; =dfgiH/ ,Zfyv†if =vfhjdfh/ jfgrkG ;kJjdfh/
90
,Ofaus;ysLiSmr+ =jkGgzkG[Gg kJbkugcFg/ ¶+cif; =vfh;kJ bdfjkduh/
jkGgzkG[Gg nKgnFhcFg/ &ky&f iS f =lrkGg,kug omkuhlrkGg/ jkGg,kug
,Ofyg;onf =pkfglG/ pkfglG ;fgG/ akHakf/
,kw&dW o
dS nf =idf;fgaf ;fgauhpfg/ &kyjf rifo-H um; =bdfodJg skykath cyg;yg
,kwrf myufpufonf =kfhrygzkdf l;kduh(l;mkuh)/
zkdJhzkFg/ &mcdik Ef KS ef; =lmyeG,kGg/ ,kGglmy/
,kwrf m&dik ;f pdik ;f onf=kfhrygzkdf vfhaGg/ ¶lyaA' =bkKeuh cyxy/
,kwrf monf =kfhrygzkdf/ afgl;kdfg &kuaQ A' =skJa;kK cyxy/ jkGgbkKeuh
rygzkdf/ cyxy/
,kwaf vsmonf =jkfhjkfh,dug/ &Sr;f tu =;JhlrkJ/ lrkJjkGg;Jh/
jkfhadfh,dug/ jkfh,dugadfh/ &mpk =,kGgl;K/
,rf;axmifh =cyhsdfgl;Kg/ cyhsdfg &mZ0wfjypfr+ =jkGgiF lrkdJhcKh/
l;KaKh/ a&mif;aps; =JgcGh 'kug('kHg)lrkyg/
,k-H unftyfEo HS nf =,kFJg rK [dJugsky/ &mxl; =vfh;kJ [dfg[Hg/
,k&H cufonf =;kJ,kF Jglkdf/ &nfreS ;f csuf =sJg,Jg ;fhcfh bdfcFgl;y/
,yum -odJha;dthcFh/ &nf&, G cf suf =jfgskJg ,Jgl;y/ jfgskJg
,laqmifonf -ndJzdtsky/ ,JgsJgl;y/
a,muQr -lrkG/ a&mifjyef[ =;yhcfvdJh/
,Ofyg;onf -lGpkfg ;fgG/ &kyaf o; =lrkGg,kug lfgjy/
,rf;pdr;f -l;Gyg dfgiH/ &nf&, G o f nf =jfgskJg,Jg/
&kyof rd ;f onf =zmyg[duadfh/ oK[duadfh/
& [dfg[duadfh/
&yfuu G f =[KhaFh/ [Khlrf/
&k;d &d;k ukex f w
k v
f yk rf + =jkGgbkJgoJg a&;qGcJ srw S o f nf =rfhoJg [dfgjkfh/
jkGgakat(aF) zKzF/ &ke;f uefonf =oKkGh oKrJg/ dfzF
&ky0f g'=skJa;kK rdua;uh/ zmygoKbkJg/
a&avSmifuef =odJhvKg[Hg/ vKgug odJhK/g &yfwnfvo dk nf =iJug afgoKg cKa;kKg/
odJhvKg Kg[Hg/ iJuga;kKg cKbfg/
&Jabmf =vHgnGhkfh/ a;dJhnH/ &ufpufonf =bkJgzkdJh bkJgzkFg/
a&'D,dk =cyg;ygl;kduh(l;mkuh)/ &JprG ;f owWd =vFhkfh lrkGgnGh/ vFhkfh
&Jwu kd f =kyg[Hg ;fgjkdfh/ jfgrdJh/
91
a&mifjcnf =jkGgcf;yh jfgvGh/ a&&Gwq f q J odk nf =jfgbmkuh ygcKh/ jfgbmkuh
&dik ;f onf =vfhaGg/ kfhkJh/ jfg;Gh/
&dik ;f pdik ;f pGmqufqjH cif; =jkGgcyjtg eKidu &Sm;yg; =fgakdfg/
sf vfhaGg/ &,fp&m =jkGg;kJiJ pkJhardth/ jkGg
&d;k &m"avhx;Hk pH =;kJa;uh rugrdfh/ ;kJ iJpkJh/ jkGg;kJ pkJhardth/
odJh;kJ akJeuh rugrdfh/ &dwo f rd ;f onf =aG[du/
;kJkdfg rugrdfh/ &dyaf &mif =,kugkxtg;kdth/
a&SmifusOo f nf =ugjfgnfh/ rkKgjfgnfh/ &kyx f k =lrkGg,kuga;kK/
[kxtgbkJg/ rkKgrdJhbkJg/ [kxtgJ/g a&mifjcnfawmf =jkGg;yh zfhcGh/
&JprG ;f owW&d jdS cif; =jkGgug sf vFhkfh lrkGgnGh/ a&mif&h w J if;wdro f nf =iJ;kKh efhlkKg/
jkGgug sf vFhkfh jfgrdJh/ &dik ;f pkid ;f onf =vfhaGg rygzkdf/ kfhvfhaGg/
a&;qGjJ yifqifjznfph u G f =rfhoJg bkJgrdfvdJh &d;k om;ajzmifrh wfonf =zKjkJg zKzF/
eJgsdthefh/ &k;H =,uh/ ;H/ af/
&ef =at/ eGgbkJglkfh/ a;dJ'fh/ a&maESmonf =cyh[df/ ugcyh[df/
&efol =a;dJ'fh/ a&m,Suo f nf =cyh[df sdthl;Gg/
&H =ugjfgqkfg/ eJgusg Jg/ eJgamkugsJg/ a&m0ifonf =eKidu sdthaHh/
&rf;um;onf =cHcf bkJgldJ/ &nf;pm; =vuhlrkGgbKg/ vuhlrkGgvHh/
&ufa&monf =iJ[dJedJg/ &lyg&Hk =jkGgzfhcGh bdfodJg/
&kww f &uf =omkuhodfgvdJ/ ugodfgvdJ/ jkGgbdfodJg zfhcGh/
ug;kdthvdJ/ vdJ/ &l;oGyo f nf =jfgbmkyg iGhrkGg/
aqmif&u G of nf =qy,fodfg/ &Jrufppfonf =a;dJhnH a;uhnH/
&J&ifo h nf =vFhkfh/ a&mif&h o J nf =iJ,kKg iJ[dJ/
&Suaf -umufonf =cJcJh jfgrkGh/ jfgrkGh &J&eJ o D nf =;kygafgimy/
cJcJh/ iJcJh jfgrkGh/ &ifo h nf =fglrkGkK/ iGglrkGkK/
&Sib f &k if =vmyzKndfg/ &if;jrpf =vfhcdJ vfhrkdfg/ fgrmyomug
&Sio f cif =edfgzGg/ vfhcdJ/
&Scd ;kd ylaZmfonf =zKeGh jdfhodfg/ a&mif;&if; =vuhsdthaHh/
&Si;f vif;onf =kJ;kfh;yh iJpJh/ [tgpfh &Si;f &Si;f aeonf =ugjfgnfh [FgjGh/ ug[FgjGh/
;kdth;yh/ &pfywfonf =ygeyh jfgqkfg/
&yf&mG =[Khjfglrf/ &Gwf =fgomug fglkdfg/
&yfqikd ;f onf =eJguag kat/ ugakat/ &Gy&f yG cf |H c|H =vFhvFh kfhkfh/ cdugcdug cKhcKh/
92
&Gwq f o dk nf =kJlrkfgarkduh/ kJoJglrkfg/
ktlrkfgoJg/ arduhkJ efeFh/
&Syo f mG ;onf =eGgjfglkGh/ eGgof/
&G@H onf =jfgrkdtg/ iJcJh/ bkJgeFgjug/
&$@H tidk f =lfgf odJhK/g
¶+y, f u S cf wfonf =cHcf cfaGg/ cHcf
[yh[dfh/ cHcf cyqdfh/
¶+ycf sajymqko d nf =kJlfg zkdJjkfh/
lfgzkdJ ygcdJjkfh/
¶+yaf xG;onf =jfgnkatg cHcf/ jfgnkatg
cfaGg/ jfgnkatg cyqkdfh/ jfgnKh
jfgnkatg/
ayguaf &mufonf =jkdtheGlkauh/
[dfodfg/
a&mifqif; =fg;fg fgztg/
&kad oonf =,kFpkf/
&dak oav;pm;onf =eJg[Hg ,kFpkf/
&dak oudik ;f ¶di+ ;f onf ='kKg;kdfg ,kFpkf/
v#Kd ajrmif =cugl;Gg jkKgrkfh/ cugl;Gg
jkKga;uh/
&moDOwk =sfgoJg ;GhiGg/ jfg;kdJgiG/
a&Smifz,fonf =ugjfgnfh/ rkKgjfgnfh/
a&Smifwwfonf =rkKgjfg nfhzkdf/ 'kKhjfg
nfhzkdf/
a&Smifjrefonf =rkKgjfg nfhlrdfh/
&wem =jkGg'kug[Hg lrkyg[Hg/ jkGgcG
jkGglrdJh/
&xm;wGJ =;kuhbyg FhrkG/
&xm;vrf; =;kuhbyg Fha;df/ a;df
jkKoGeuh/
&,lyikd cf iG hf =;kJjuh skyeGg fgvmf fgdfg/
93
fgvmf fgdfg [t ;kJjuh skyeGg/
&v'f =jkGg;kJsky/ jkGg;kJ omkuhemy/
[mfbf vdJhjuh/ omGhbf oJgjuh/
&[wfav,mOf =akathiKhnKh rfgkGg/
&[ef; =zKemy zKjkJg/
&mZyv†if =zKndfg ;kJugpfh/ zKndfg
vHga;df/
&mZ0if =sHgvGh jkGg[dfadfh/
&mZ0wfaumif =lrkGgiF lrkdJhcKh/
&l;a-umifa-umifjzpfonf =jfgbmyh rfgrJg/
jfgbmyh jfglkfgrJg/
a&umwm =odJhvKg[Hg/
a&tm;v#ypf pf =odJhkGh cyg;yg/ odJhrfgkGg
cyg;yg/
a&cJaowWm =odJhvdfjt/
a&ikwpf uf =zG;kJ ;kdfg'FhodJh/
a&ppfyw d f =eGgHh lrkdJhodJh/
a&pnf =odJhiuh/ odJhiuh lyglfg/
a&wavsmuf =odJhl;yg/ odJha;u/
a&wGuo f nf =[df/ [dfbfbdf/ [dfeGg/
a&'g =zG ;kJlkF jfgl;kKg;kdth/
a&eH =sfgbygodJh/
a&Ekwaf jrmif; =odJha;uh zmygadfh/
a&ykud f =odJheuh/
a&ydu k af cgi;f =odJheuh vHga;K ;kJqkyh/
odJheuh vHgiGg/
a&jrif; =odfodJh/
a&&Snpf pf =jkGgcf zmygoHh/
a&vuf-um; =lfh;Gh odJhjfgzkdJh/ lfg;Gh
odJhy/g lfh;Gh zFhzkfg/
&J =a;dJh uglkK qkyh/ a;dJhlkKqkyh/
&Jpcef; =a;dJhlkKqkyh xf/ &kyyf Hk =lrkGg,kug/ skJ,kug/
a&m*gvuQ%m =jkGgcmy bf;kdth/ &kyzf suo f nf =jfgryg vuskJ/ jfgryg
a&mpyfonf =a;kdthcyh[df/ ,Fgcyh[df/ ldJskJ/
a&m¹yGr;f onf =ugcyh [dfjkt/ &ky&f nf =skJa;kK nf,dJg/
a&monf =cyh[df/ &rRuf =iJ,kF[Hg/ iJ,kFG/
a&mfbm =iwKgoKzdfh/ iwKgzdfh,du/ &k;H vkvif =;Hg;J ;kJsKh [t ;HaHh/
&ufcsed ;f ayonf =[dJ bkKpJh thcFg/ &k;H ok;H bmompum; =;H(,uh) ;kJsKh Jgsky
&ufpJG =bkKpJh/ ;yg;kGg vfhch dJ/ ;H ;kJsKhJsg ky
&ufxyfEpS f =bkKpJh jkfhcFg fgsfg/ bkKpJh ;kfh'ku vfhcdJ/
jfglrK fgsfg/ &,farmonf =pkJhlrkfgbkug/
&dumQ =cGgJg cGgu/h a&Gay: =ifg/(oFidJg sf ifg)/
a&muf&o dS nf =kdfhujg kdth/ a&Gay:xk;d onf =oFhifg/
&du
k u f ;l onf =bkFhzmygsdth/ a&G@ajymif;onf =iKiF zdtvu/ iKiFzdt
&ifqidk o f nf =juh[GhcFg/ jkfhcFg juh[Gh/ ugjfgl;Jg/
&if;ES;D u|r;f 0ifonf =iJpJh nFg;Hh/ a&G@vsm;onf =iKiFzdt/
&dik ;f jyonf =vfhaGg;kdth/ a&G@onf =iKiF/
&nfp;l onf =jfgskJg ugsJgsky/ iJskJodfg a&G;aumufyJG =aHadf Jgokxtg smuodfg/
[t HhpJh/ jfgskJg jfgryg [t ;kJiJ a&G;cs,o f nf =bdflkHh smundJodfg/
skJodfg/ a&G;,lonf =bdfsmundJ/ smundJ/
&nf!eG ;f onf =,kHh;kdth vdJhsky/ lkug &Guo f abFm =odJhiKh nKhakath/
oJg vdJhsky/ ,kHh;kdthsky &G,o f nf =,Jg/ ,JbFh/ ,Jgl;kdf/
vdJhidf/ &SmazGawG@&o dS nf =bdflkHh bdfodJg/
&efyaHk iG =rFh ugsJg/ rFh eJgusg Jg/ rFhcyg[Kh/ &So d ifo h nf =juheGgu/g
rFh eJgakaug/ a&S@aqmifvrf;jyonf =,kHh;kdth a;df
&efvo dk nf =iJa;dJ iJkfh/ iJa;dJ [tpJh/
iJ'fh/ a&S@qifh aemufqifh =[tpJh odthjug [tvdJh
&ef&mS onf =bdflkHha;dJ/ bdflkHh'fh/ kdf;G/
&efapmifonf =zuhaGgcFg vdJh;Hh/ jfgvfh a&S@ae =lrkGglku skyjdf/
cFgvdJ;Hh/ jfgryg a;dJ'fh ;Hh/ a&S;ajy;edrw d f =jkGg[tg ;kdth;mku [tpJh/
&kyq f ;dk onf =eHhbkdf/ bHhbkdf/ skJ a&S; =[tpJhsHg/ [tsHgvGh/
eHhbkdf/ a&S;a&S;wke;f u =[tpJh sHgsdtg/ [tsHg
94
 vGhsdtg/
a&S;a[mif;ypPn;f =jkfhbkxt jyhjkGg;dJg
[tsHgvGh/
&Supf &maumifonf =;kJiJ(iG) jfgrkGh
rdf/
&Si;f jyonf =kJcugoJg ;kdth;yh/
a&SmifwcifciG hf =jkGgjfgeKg ugakat vmfdfg/
a&Smif&mS ;onf =rkKgbkJg/ bkJgakathjug/
akatgbkJg/ rkKgjfg nfhadfh/
a&Smifvo JG nf =rkKgvuadfh/ rkKgjfgnfh
vuadfh/
&Snv f sm;aponf =sKhzmygoHh/ sKhomkuh
lkdf/
¶+@H omG ;onf =jfg,myadfh/
&HLS ;ESyd o
f mG ;onf =;fg,kHadfh/
a&$@qikd ;f on =f eJgiKiF ugakat/ eJgug
akat iKif/ iKiF ugakat/
a&$@ajymif;ekid af omypPn;f =jkfhbkxt jyhjkGg
[t ndJzdt iKiFeG/ jkfhbkxt
jyhjkGg [t ndJzdt iKiFzkdf/
&xm;vrf;vGJ -;kuhbygFh fga;df
;kJlkGg/
&ref -jkGgiHh akfgvdJh [t vfh;kJ [Kug/
&,lonf -ndJsky/ ndJugsky/
&&So d nf -skyeGg/
&[E mW -zKemy fgjku fgjfh/ zKemy
fgjkGg ugifhrdfh/
&mZ0wfr-_ jkGgiF lrdJhcKh/
&mZ0wfru _ six
hf ;Hk Oya' -jkGgiF lrdJhcKh
;kJ;kFgarduh Hlfgjyg/
&mZ0wfru _ sL;vGeo f nf -bkJgiF jkGgiF
95
lrdJhcKh/
&mxl;pGe@v f w G of nf -qyhadfh vfh;kJ
[dfg[Hg/
&mxl;rSxw k yf pfonf -sHhoJgadfh [t
vfh;kJ [dfg[Hg/
&mxl;rSEw _ x f uG of nf -amkyhoJgadfh [t
vfh;kJ [dfg[Hg/
&mjynfh -efh,kGg/
&mjzwf -eJhjkFhjkfh jkGg'kuglrkyg/
&moDaoG;ay:onf -lrkGgbKg skJbkJg/
a&a=umifvrf;oGm;onf -zdt sf odJh
a;df/
a&a=umif;vrf;c&D; -a;df ;kJzdt sf
odJh jfgadJh/
a&cJjyif -eHhvHgvdf efgvHg/
a&ikwo f abFm -odJhiKhnKh ;kdfg'Fh/
a&wyf -a;dJhjfodJg/h
a&yef; -odJheuh oJglfgcyh/
a&olr -lrkGgbKg a;HgjkGh/
a&;qGo J nf -rfhzmyg/
&Jbuf -jkGgsKhJg oKhnH/ oKhnH ;kJsKh/
&J0o hH nf -kfhvFh/ vFhkfh/
&d;k &m -;kJa;uh rkugrdfh/
&d;k om;jzLpifonf -zKzF bmkuhl;yh/
&ufowWywf -jfgcyh[yh/ jfgsmyh/
&ifwk -sH,kug/ skxt,kug/ sH,kug efeFh/
&ifx;dk -jfguh oGcdf/
a&mifjcnfwef; -jkGg;yhlrku/
a&mif;0,fonf -JgcGh Jglrkyg/
&nf!eG ;f csuf -,kHh;kdth vdJhl;y/
&efyJG -bkFhlkKg vdJh;Hh aHadf/
 a;dJ'fh vdJh;Hh aHadf/ vkyu f ikd pf m;aomufa&; =jkGgrkdfgJg rkdfg
&yfonf -ugakat/ afgoKg jfgpf/ uh/ jkGbkJgJg rkdfgJg rkdfgu/h
&kyaf jymif -jkGg,kug bdfeFh/ jkGg,kug vGwv f yfr+ =jkGgeGgl;muh/ jkGgeGg eFg;fh/
iJpkJh/ jkGg,kug vfvug/ vGwv f yfa&; =jkGgeGg eFg;fh/
&ky&f iS rf if;om; -jkGg,kug omkuhlrkGg vHgnGh vGwv f yfaompD;yGm;a&; =jkGgrkdfg sky
fddflt/ odfg [t eGgeFg;fh/
&ky&f iS rf if;orD; -jkGg,kug omkuhlrkGg bKgbfg v+@H aqmfa&; =jkGgrkdth nGodfg/
fddflt/ v+y&f mS ;r+ =jkGgiKiF aHakf rHrkdfg/
&ky&f iS &f Hk -lrkGg,kug omkuhlrkGg kygkuh/ vkòH cHa&; =jkGgug jfg[duh jfg[y/ jkGgakGg
&kyt f avmif;aumif -;kxthjkug skJ,kug/ jfg[duhsky/ jkGgjfgakGg ugarJhsky/
&Gux f nf -nf;fgefg/ vufeuf =jfgakatg jfgeGh/
&Guo f nf -Jgakat/ avhusichf ef; =jkGgidu bkJgsky/ jkGgbkJg
&Sm;ap; -cfhzJh/ arkduhsky/ jkGarkduh bkJgsky
&SL;zdeyf -vfgnf cHgoKh/ vfgnf jfgl;mku/ jkGgiduidfg/
¶+axmifh =fgskfh ;kJbdf/ vufawG@orm; =lrkGgjfgvHg bkJgbdf/
a&S@wef; -[tpJh;t/ [tpJh jfgrkf/ vufawG@usonf =jkfhjfgvHg bkJgsK/
a&S@yikd ;f -[tpJh jfgadJh/ [tzyoJg jfgadJh/ vlra+ &; =lrkGg;kHgrJg/
a&S@rS -[teypJh/ vlwef;pm;&ke;f uefr+ =lrkGg;kHg jkuztg
a&S@o@kd -[tpJh/ jkGgdfzF oKkGh oKrJg/
a&S@o@dk weG ;f yd@k onf -cdfgodfg [tpJh/ vlwef;pm;wku d yf JG =lrkGg;kHg jkuztg
a&S;usonf -jkfhrkJ [tpJh/ ugsJg jkGgcf/
[tsHgvGh/ vlom; =lrkGg;kHgnH/
a&S;&d;k pum; -'ku;kJkJ [tsHgvGh/ vlO;D a& =lrkGgskJ/
a&S;OD;olemðy -;kJaH,fg rkJsJg/ v[m =lfgidtg/
¶H@_ vrd o f nf -jfg,my jfgl;Kh jfgl;Jg/ v[mjyif =lfgidtgvHg/ lfgidtgaHh/
a&$yef;wdrf -zkdfvfh oGh/ vl@orkid ;f =lrkGg;kHg jkGg[dfadfh/
v,form; =lrkGgrkdfgJg ;kdfnH/
v lrkGgkdfhJg ;kdfnH/
vkyo f m; =lrkGgbkJg jkGgnH/
vrf;pOf =a;dfa;uh/ vlrsKd ;pk =bdJztgnH/
v#ypf pfr;D =cyg;ygbyg/ av;pm;onf =,kFpkf/ eJg,kF eJgpkf/
96
vuf0g;}uD;tkyo f nf =eKgey jGhjkFhadfh/ vufrw S af &;xk;d onf =rfhjkfh jfvHg jJhbf/
vuf0g;}uD;tkyt f &if;&Sif =eKgey jGhjkFh jJh;kdfg bmkyh/ rfhjkfh bmkyh/
fgrfh edfgzGg/ fgrfh edfzGgg vlrsKd ;okwo f ifa&; =jkGgbkJgjkdt bkJg
fgjkGgeKg eyjkFh/ ;kJg lrkGg;kHg bdJhztg/
vGwv f yfpmG ukeo f ,
G rf e+ ,fy,f =;kJbkJg vwfwavm =vuhpkf sf vuhpkf/ vuhpkf
akat(aF)Jg eGgeFg;fh vfh;kJbth/ fgvGh/
vjcrf; =;GhadJh/ vk;H 0 =jfg[Fg ;kKhl;yh/ jfg[Fg ;kfjfg
vky}f uHr+ =jkGgzdfg idJhbkJ/ a;yg/ jfgayjug/
av#mufvm$ =;yg[dfgodfg/ vk;H 0usq;Hk onf =jkfhlrkKgadfh jfg[Fg
vufcH =ndJbfgcFg/ ndJa;kKgcFg/ ;kKhl;yh/
jkGgvdf ndJbfg/ jkGgvdf vuf&;Hk &nf =jfgvHg jfgrdJh/
ndJcFg/ ;ygvdf ndJa;kKg/ vqef; =;GhoJg/ ;Ghodfg/
vufco H nf =vdfndJcFg/ vSw
H H =jfgedfh ;kJcf/ ygodfeuh/
vkyyf ikd cf iG t
hf m%m =eGgbkJgsky vmfdfg vSnphf m;r+ =jkGg;fgkuh zmygvu/ jkGgjfgry
,Jglrkug/ zmygvu/ jkGgjfgry ;fgkuhJ/g
vkyif ef;pOf =jkGgbkJg a;uhlrku/ vlra+ wmfveS af &; =lrkGg;kHgrJg jkGglt
vrf;!$eo f abmw&m; =iGl;Kg jfgskJg odfgjuh/
fgjkGg ,kHhjkfh a;dfa;uh/ avhvma&; =jkGgbdflkHh iJpJh/
vpfvyfonf =ugl;Gg/ ug[fh/ ugarJh ug[fhaHh vuQ%m =fgbf;kdth/ fgbf jJh;kdth/
adfh/ ug[fhadfh/ jkGg;kdthbf/
vpfvyfaomae&m -[t vfh;kJ ug[fh/ avhvmppfaq;onf =bdflkHh iJpJh
vkyif ef;vrf;pOf =jkGgndJ jkGgbkJg oFzJh [dfbf/
a;dfa;uhlrku/ avmif;wrf;upm;onf =edfhJg ;fgqkKh/
vkyif ef;csrw S cf suf =eJgjkfh;kdth av;eufpmG =cfhlrkG pfgzGh/ zkK,kfh
jkGgbkJgl;y/ pfgzkK/ zkKzkK ,kfh,kfh/ zkK,kfh
vkyef nf;vky[ f ef =jkGgbkJga;uh jkfhjkJg/
jkGgbkJg;kdth jfg,Jg vlrsKd K;aygi;f pkcH sp-f unfa&; =lrkGg;kHgg bdJh
v$wv f w $ v f yfvyf =eFgeFg ;fh;fh/ ztg lkauh(lmkuh)bdJh jkGgbkug
vkyif ef;ppfaq;a&; =jkGgzJhbdf [dfbf sky;Hh/
jkGgbkJg/ vGwv f yfaomefifdk if jH cma&;0g' =odJhrkdtg
vlrsKd ; =lrkGg;kHg bdJhztg/ akJa;KhrJgh fgjkGg eGgeFg;fh
97
 rdua;uh/ jkfh 'kug('kHg)odfg/
vlvcl si;f acgi;f ykjH zwftjrwf}uD;pm;jcif; =lrkGg vGeu f o J nf =fgjfg;mku/ jfg;mku ;tbf/
;kHg idf;Hh jkGgJjg kFh ;HhvHg jfg;mku cFh;Fh/
Jg[Hg rFhnH/ vSeo f nf =oHgjfgl;Jg/ ekxthjfgG/h
vlom;csi;f pmemaxmufxm;a&;=lrkGg;kHg vGr;f òcHonf =oKey/ oKey;kKh/
idf;Hh jkGgiJ,kKg eGgjuh vdJh;Hh/ katey;kKh/
avhvmqnf;yl;jcif; =jkGgbdflkHh idu vdypf m =vfh;kJug/ ;yglrku ,kHh;kdth
idfg iJpJh/ vfh;kJ ;kJug/
vlaer+tqift h wef;wk;d jrifah &; =jkGgbkJg vdif =jkGgbkxt jkGgnGh/
[Hgodfg oHhodfg lrkGg;kHg vdrrhf nf =at/ lkfh/
fgjkGgug fgjku fgjfh/ v+y&f mS ;onf =akHakf rHrkdfg/
vdrv
f nfonf =;fgkuh ;fgkdfg/ vdrrf monf =;ygbdfh/
vlavvlviG hf =lrkGgakxthouh akxth vk@H v0d&, d =jfgryg dfzF/ dfzF jfgryg/
;kdfg/ jkGgjfgryg oKkGh oKrJg/
avhusio hf nf =idubkJgsky/ vk@H v0d&, d &So
d nf =ug sf jkGgjfgryg dfzF/
bkJgarkduh(armkuh)sky/ ug sf jkGgjfgryg oKkGh oKrJg/
vnf;aumif; =eGgrGg/ eGgryg/ eGgeGg/ vku
d af vsmonf=;kFgarkduh(armkuh)akath/
vdrn
f monf =;fgkuh/ kJ,K/ K;kdfg arkduh(armkuh)akath/
vJv, S o f nf =jfg;dfg/ oHga;kfg/ avsmah y;onf =eJg,dug(,mug)/ eJgjkfh
jfga;kfg/ ,dug(,mug)/ vdf;fgzkH/
vmbf =emyjGh/ avsmaf y;onf =[dJ;dJh vdJhidf/
vmbfay;onf =bkxu(bmu)Jg emyjGh/ [dJjkfh;dJh/ l;fjkfh
vmbf,o l nf =ndJ bkxu(bmu)Jg emyjGh/ ;dJhidf/ l;f;dJhidf/
vmbfpm;onf =Jg bkxu(bmu)Jg emyjGh/ vrf;av#mufonf =zdt;Jha;df/ zdt
vmbf&i$ o f nf =emyjGh rdfodfg/ sf vfh[kxtg
vGwv f yfonf =eGgeFg;fh/ eGgl;mkuhnmyh/ vspv f sL¶+onf =eJg fgiGgjug/ ndJ fgiGgjug/
eGgl;mkuh eFg;fh /h [dfgiGgjug/ bdfeGvHg/
vSeIf usonf =;fgjkfh jfgGh akfgvdJh/ vGev f eG ;f onf =jfg;mku ;tadfh/
avvHwifa&mif;csonf =[dfg;kdth JgcGh jfg;mku cFh;Fhadfh/
'kug('kHg)jkfh 'kug('kHg)odfg/ vGr;f qGwo f nf=iGl;Gh sJgidtg/ sJgidtg
avvHwifonf =[dfg;kdth 'kug('kHg) sky/
98
vGr;f qGwo f wd&onf =iGl;Gh sJgidtgsky/ v#Kd @0u
S If xm;onf =[Kkxt eKgeysky/
iJskJodfg sJgidtgsky/ eJgkxt eKgeysky/
vufEiS v hf rf;I,lonf =,kundJ;uh sf vdyjf ym =lyhldfh/ ,kfh,kug/ ,kug/
jfgvHg/ vdyjf ymac:onf =G,kug/
vSr;f Iac:onf =G;uhkdfh/ G;uhzdt/ vufrw S f =jfgvHgjJh/ ;ygjJhbf/ ;ygbf
Gzdt;uh/ Gouh zdt;uh/ ;ygjJh/
vGr;f rk;d onf =[Hgeyadfh/ ;kHgeyadfh/ av,lavodr;f =kJeGg zmygodfg
vmvdrf rhf nf =kdfhlkfh/ zmyg;kdfg/
vdru hf sonf =;fg;Khjkfh/ ;fgjkfh/ av;vHonf =fgoKh fgokxtg/
avsmufywfwifw h ,fonf =jkduhjuheGg v-uwfonf =;Ghadfh/
ifhrdfh/ jkduhlt ifhrdfh/ vpOf =lkauh;Gh/ lmkuh;Gh/
av;vHxidk ;f rdi+ ;f onf -okxtgskJ okxtgedfg/ vm; =bkdfgH;df/
okxtgskJ vyjfglkfg/ vk,ufonf =lkFl;G ,GnJg/
ve@jf zwfonf =vdJ,F/ vl =lrkGg;kHg/
vl;vdro hf nf =eGlfgrKh/ eGjfgl;Kh jfgl;Jg/ vlu;l rsO;f -um; =lrkGg;kHg ;kJaGgeG
eGnHg;Kh/ eG;fg;Kh/ a;dfadJg/
vSrd Ihf oGm;onf =;fg;Khzdt/ vlom;=lrkGg;kHg kJgvHgnH/
vkyu f ikd af qmif&u G of nf =ndJodfg bkJg vl}uD;vlaumif; =lrkGgjkduh [HgvHg/
odfg/ lkFbkJgodfg/ lrkGgifhrdfh [HgvHg/ lrkGg[Hg
vk;H aomt&m =jkGg [t fg jfg;Hh/ lrkGgrdf/
avsmu f efonf =juheGg/ juhjF sdthaHh/ vl}uD;vlaumif;yDoonf =lrkGgjkduh[Hg
av#mzf w G o f nf =ygcdtgl;yh/ JgcdJg JglkKh/ jkduhvHg ifhrdfh/
vsm; =oHh/ fgoHh/ vlóudurf sm;onf =lrkGgiJ,kF rkuG/
v#uf =Jg;dJg/ vlºuGm; =lrkGgzkdJlt/
vsijf ref =lrdfhry/ lrdfh;y/ vlpm; =lrkGgsdthjdf Hhvfh;kJ/
v#yaf y:avmfvnfonf =lfgjf ;kdth;yh/ lrkGgjfgztg/
lfgjf a;fpJh/ vlpk vla0; =lrkGgbkHg lrkGgaH/
av#mufIoGm;onf =zdt;JhedJg/ lrkGgbkHg lrkGl;K/ lrkGgaH
zdt;JhrJg/ lrkGgadf/ lrkGg rkuG/
v#Kd onf =Jgjkdt sdthaHh/ Jgjkdtsdth/ vlq;kd vlru dk f =lrkGgkfh vfhaGg/ lrkGgkfh
rkdfgsdth/ rygzkdf/
99
vlawG@ppfaq;r+ =jkGgbdfodJg oFzJh
cHg[dfh juh[Gh/ jkGgbdfodJg oFzJh
cH[dfh cyhjkKskJ/
vlxck sw D ufyJG =lrkGg;kHg rkul;K
odfgrfg[Fh aHadf/
vlrsKd ;a&; =lrkGg;kHg bdJhztgrJg/
vlrq
+ ufqaH &;ynm =lrkGg;kHrJg
jkGgeKidu vGvuhg iynG/
vlrsKd ;cGjJ cm;a&; =jkGg[uhaFh eJhadJh
lrkGg;kHg bdJhztg/
vlrsKd ;ra&G; =lrkGg;kHg lkauh(lmkuh)bdJh
lkauh(lmkuh)ztg/ smujkfhadfh
lrkGg;kHg bdJhzJgjug/
vl,aHk wmf =lrkGg ;kJ,kF Jgsky/ lrkGg
,kFJgsky/
vlvwfwef;pm; =lrkGgjkuztg a;fhbJh/
vlom;csi;f rke;f wD;r+ =lrkGg;kHg idf;Hh
fgjkGg iJkfh iJoJg vdJh;Hh/
ava-um&Sno f nf =bdflkHh kJeGgG/
akJ;fgiG oHh/
avqma&mifjcnf =bkKcyxy fgjkGg ;yhcf/
avxD; =vHgakat ;fgiG/ vHgakatakxth/
vlxk =lrkGg;kHg rkul;K/ lrkGgrku
l;K/
avzdtm; =akJ;fgiG cdfgkGh/ ;fgiG
cdfgkGh/
av,mOfjyefay;qGo J nf =zmygzdt amkyh
;dJh akathiKhnKh/
avvHqo JG nf =zmyglrkygjkfh/
av;jrwfpmG =,kFpkf [Hgpfg;fh/
avmu =kJgvHg skJvHg/
100
avmb}uD;onf =iJ,kF ;tbf/
vkad iG =rFh jkfh,dug/ rFh ug,dug/ rFh;ug/
avmu"gwf =kJgvHg cyxy/
vk&d if;csuf =vfhcdJ ;kJskyl;y/
vkt d yfcsuf =juheGg skyl;y/ juheGg
;kJskyl;y/ jkGg;ugl;y/
vktd yfonf =juhsky/ juheGg ugakath/
juheGg ;kJsky/ ;ugakath/
vdo
k nf =juh;kJsky/ juh;kJ ugakath/
;ug/
vkcd sio f nf =iJ,kF skyeGg/
vkv d m;onf =iJ,kF juhcFg/ iJ,kF ugcFg/
vk&d o dS nf =iJ,kFug/ iJ,kF ugsky/
iJ(iG),kF ;kJugsky/
vufum; =jkGgJcg Gh vfhcdJ/ jkGgJcg Gh
l;KzFh/
vufum;a&mif;onf =JgcGh l;KzFh/ JgcGh
a;kKvkath/
vJcsm; =kJgzFg(;kJcHglrdJh sf jkKoG)/
vufpm;acsonf =bkJ;dJhvdJh/
bkJg;dJhcFg/ bkJg;dJhadfh/
vufwqkypf m =jfgzkFgjdth/ ug jfgzkFg
jdth/
vufwek @jf yefonf =bkJgakfg vdJhcFg/
[dJakfg vdJhcFg/
vufaxmuf =jfgvHg jfgomu/ jkGgjfgomu/
lrkGgjfgomu/
vufxyd f =jfgvHg ;kJxfbfg/ xfjfgqkKg
(;kJxfbfg sf jfgvH)g/
vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &; =jkGglt odfgjuh
sf cyh;H cyhsdfg/
vufaAG =afgsKh vHgcmy/ afgsKh vHgqky/
vufa0S@ = jkGgl;H vdJh;Hh/
vufeufzsuo f rd ;f a&; = jkGgbkJg ldJ[du
adfh jfgakatg jfgeGh/
vufEydS pf uf = zGbFh;yg/
vufry+ nm = jfgvHg jkGgbkJg iynG/
vufa&; = jfgvHg jkGgrfh/
vuf&jdS zpfaom = [t omkuhodfg vuhpkf/
vufvD = jkGgJg cGhjkfh [yhjkF/ jkGgJg
cGhjkfh,mGg/ jkGgJg cGhjkfh lrdJg/
vufvaD &mif;onf = JgcGh jkfh[yhjkF/ JgcGh
jkfhlrdJg/
vufv0D ,fonf = Jglrkyg [yhjkF/
Jglrkyg,mGg/
vufvrS ;f rSo D nf = eyh jfgvHg ;kJjkdth/
eyh ;kJjkdtheG vfh;kJ sdtg/
vufav#mo h nf = [dfgadfh/ vdf;fg
zkHadfh/ arkuhjfgrkdu
akathadfh/
vufO;D onf = skyrJh;t/ ndJsky rJh;t/
bkJgrJ;t/
vku
d o f nf =;kFgarkduh/ arkduh;kFg
akath/ rkGh sf/
vku
d ef monf = arkduhbkJgakath/
arkduhsky [fhakath/ sky[fh
arkduh(armkuh)akath/
vku d af vsmnDaxGonf = arkduhjfgrdu
juheGgcFg/ rkGhcFg;Hh/ juheGg cFg;Hh/
vku
d v f o H nf = ;kFglkHh/ ;kFgakath/
vkud v f monf = arkduhzdtakath/
avmifpm = bygcGgJ/g
101
vkid pf if = ;kJjGhsky vmfdfg/ ;kGg,Jg/
vmfdfg ;kJjGhsky/
vSnyhf wfonf =jfgry jfgqkfg/
vSnphf m;onf =jfgryJg/ jfgry ;fgkuhJ/g
vwfqwfonf =iyidth iGharJhlfh/
vwfwavmOm%faumif;ol =lrkGg [t
jfgskJg jfgrdJh rdfodfgvdJ/
vkyaf qmifonf =ndJbkJgodfg/
vky&f yf =jkGgbkJg ,kug;kdth/
vrf;qkH =a;dfjkfhcFg/ a;dfcfcFg/
a;dfjkGh cfcFgl;K/
vrf;ckvwf =a;df jfgamkug/ a;dfa;fh
bJh/ a;df;kug/
vrf;nGepf mtkyf =;yg[dJ ,kHha;df/
vrf;vGo J nf =oJglkGhadfh/ oJgvuadfh/
;mkuhvua;df/ zdtlkGhadfh/
vrf;vGJ -a;dflkGh/ a;dfoJglkGh/
vdr;f uso H nf =l;kK/ oF/
vk;H ywf =jfg;HhoFh jfgqkfg/ euhjfg;Hh
oFhjfgqkfg/ fg jfg;Hha;Kh jfgqkfg/
vk;H 0OokH =;kKhl;yh pfgzkK/ ;kKhl;yh
;fgauh/ ;fgauh ;kKhl;yg/
avsmaf -u;ay;onf =l;fjkfh ;dJhrFh/
l;fjkfh ;dJhaGg/
vGw_f idr;f csr;f omcGifh =jkGgl;mkuhnmkyh
vmfdfg/ jkGgl;mkuh eFg;fh vmfdfg/
vGwaf jrmufjcif; =jkGgcHgl;gG/
vGwaf jrmufonf =cHgl;G/ cygl;G/
vGwv f yfpmG ,k-H unfu;kd uG,rf + =jkGgzKeGh
,kFJg fgjkGg eGgeFg;fh/
vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,yf idk cf iG hf =jkGgeGg skyeGg
 vmfdfg smundJodfg fgjkGg v$wu dk of rm; =lrkGgeF JgiwKg/
eGgeFg;fh/ v$o
J nf =;kHgiF/ eGgiF/ eGgjug/
vGwv f yfpmG a&;om;az:xkwyf idk cf iG hf =jkGgeGg v$tJ yfonf =[dJjkfh ugskyadfh/ [dJug
skyeGg vmfdfg rfhoJg lkugoJg skyadfh;kug/
fgjkGg eGgeFg;fh/ v$wo f nf =l;mkuh/ l;mkuhoJgadfh/
vGwv f yfpmG ,k-H unfu;kd uG,yf ikd cf iG hf =jkGgeGg l;mkuhadfh/
skyeGg vmfdfg zKeGh ,kFJg v$waf wmf =l;Fl;uh/
fgjkGg eGgeFg;fh/ v$waf wmftrwf =l;Fl;uh fglrkG
vGwv f yfru + tkd vGo
J ;Hk pm;onf =zfgJh g iFzktg vdfjdf lrkG;kHg/
jkGgeGg eFg;fh/ vcpm;vlwef;pm; -lrkGg Jg ;GhaGg jkuztg/
vSywifw h ,fonf =jkduhlt ifhrdfh/ lrkGg Jg ;Ghvmu ;GhaGg jkuztg/
vSL'ge;f onf =;Hhjdfhodfg/ bkJ;Hh vlzrf;0&rf; -'kuzky ;kJlkF lrkGg/
bkJjdfh/ vlrr,f -lfgzKh lfgzkG/
avSmw f uf =iwKgedJgeuh ;kJafqkGh/ vl&idk ;f 0g' -lrkGgbdJhztg vfhaGg rdua;uh/
iwKga;dJh afqkGh/ vl0ifpm; -lrkGg sdthomkuh nH jfgl;Jg
avSmaf jymifonf =bkJg;kdth ,K;Jh/ vdJh/ lrkGg akfgafgsdth omkuhvdJh/
bkJg;fgqkKh ,K;Jh/ bkJefeFg vlowfr_ -jkGgbkJg idJhlh rkGg fgbH fgrfh/
;fgqkK ,K;Jh/ vl@qEN -lrkGg;kHg fgjkGg iJ;kKh/
vdi+ ;f avxefonf =akJ;fg iGcKh odJhkf ava=umif;c&D; -a;df zdt ;fgiGvHg/
kucdug/ ava=umif;pmyd@k -;ygiHh sf a;df
vSnu hf u G f =jkGgjfg ryaHh/ ;fgiGvHg/
v#memcGgema&m*g =lkHlfgskG vfhbkGlkK avc|eo f nf -iKimy/ iKiy/
l;ygcGh jkGgcmy/ avief;a&m*g -akJ;fgiG odfg jkGgcmy/
av#musonf =jkfhefadfh/ jkfh,dug avqifEmS armif; -akJ;fgiG eKqyheuh/
adfh/ avqdyf -akathiKhnKh vfh;kJjkfh/
v#Kd @0uS cf suf =jkGg[K kxtl;y/ avxk -;fgiG a;kKvkath/
avsmufywfonf =juheGg ifrdfh/ av,Ofr,f -lrkGgbKg arduh akathiKhnKh/
av#mufvo J nf =[dfgodfg amkyhiJ,kKg/ avhusio hf nf -;kFgarduh bkJgsky/
v#ypf pf"gwf =cyg;yg cyxy/ avhvma&;c&D; -a;df bdflkHh iJpJh/
v$ =ofeF/ av;óud; -ndfzkKl;dJg/ a;dJgl;dJg/
v$wu kd o f nf =eF ofeF/ avcG -ndfzkK nf,du/
102
av;jrwfpmG -[dfg[Hg ,kFpkf;fh/ rkuG/
vJr@kd -jkKgnuh/ vuf0g;um;wkid f -juh;dfh kyoFg/
vJavsmif;onf -ugbdJh jfgG/h ugbdJh vufa0S@x;dk onf -l;HvdJh;Hh/
akfgvdJh/ qyhvF qyhGhg /h vuform; -lrkGgjfg vHgzkdf/
vkt
d yfr_ -jkGgjuheGg ugsky/ jkGgjuheGgg lrkGgzkdf bkJkyg/
ugakath/ jkGg;uglfh/ vufo;D -jfgvHg jfg;Hh/
vufurf;a=umfjimpm -;yglkugoJg [dJjkfh/ vufo;D qkyo f nf -arygjfg;Hh jfgvHg/
vufcsm; -kJgzFgl;Kg(;kJcHglrkdJh sf vufonf -lrkGg [dJug nH/
jkKoG)/ vufonf; -afgsKh bkxtefg/
vufqifu h rf; -,kH[yhjkF/ vufow k yf 0g -eGgHh ;kJoF/
vufqb JG m*sm -ju zmyglrkfg/ vuf[efajc[efjzifah jymjcif; -kJeGg sf
vufqEJG w k qf ufjcif; -jkGglkF oKbkug jkGg,ku jfgvHg afg[fh/
jfgvHg/ jkGglkF zmygbkug jfgvHg/ vuftw d f -jfgvHg jfl;mu/
vufawG@prf;oyfr_ -jfgvHg fgjkGg bkJgbdf/ vufatmufcjH zpfonf -omkuh;kJ vdfug
vufeufzsuo f rd ;f jcif; -jkGgbkJg ldJ[du [t ;kGh/
adfh jfgakatg jfgeGh/ avmufionf -lkKgcFh/
vufEydS "f gwrf ;D -bygzyg/ vku
d af vsmnDaxGpmG aeonf -ugarduh
vufy;l vuf=uyfro d nf -lkFsky cygjkK jfgrdu idfjuheG rfg[Fh;Hh/
fgskJ/ lkFsky cyjtg cyhjkK/ vifyef; -[fhaKg jfg;yh/
vufypfA;Hk -byglkK ;kJqyh/ vif;,kef -;kfh/
vufywfem&D -jfgvHg ;kJadf zGjfgrkyh/ vdiuf pd P -lrkGgvHh lrkGbKgjGh/
vufbufajcmuf -syh;Ggarfh/ avmifcsm -cysdf[Hg ;kHglkK/
vufr -afgsKh bkxt[Hg/ jJJgbf/ avmif*sw D 'G rf sO;f -zmygeuh jfgqkfg kJvHg/
vufr&G@H tm%mom; -lrkGg;kJa;uh vnfp;D -eGgHh ;kJzKh akdfheuh/
bkJgidfheFg/ vnfqH -akdfheuhcFg/
vufrw S pf pfonf -oFzJh ;ygbfjJh/ v'f8sw D 'G rf sO;f -zmygeuh aGgjkFh kJgvHg/
vufa&;wdt k wwf -;kJrfhnkatg ;yg vnfywfonf -;Jhjfgqkfg/ zdtug;Jh/
fgjkGg zkdf[Gg/ ;ygl;Kgnkatg ;kHgjfgrkyh/
fgjkGgzkdf/ vnfrsKd -akdfharugaHh/
vuf,yfac:onf -qtqdfhkdfh/ vnf;aumif; -eGgrGg/ eGgeGg/
vufa&G;pifvx l k -jkGgsmu ugsJg lrkGg;kHg vk%d *f l -cugaHh/
103
vdyaf cgi;f a&m*g -jfga;y vHga;KoJg avSum;xpfpu kd yf sK;d a&; -jkGgcKl;Fh idf
jkGgcmy/ jkGgcmy vfhl;dJxy afgeuhiHh/
jkfhoJg/ avSmifajymifonf -bkJg;fgqkKh ,K;Jh/
vdyo f nf -eugjf;Hh/ oHgjfg;Hh/ vdi_ ;f vdy}f uD; -odJhkfku jfg;Hh[Hg/
vdyjf ymroe@jf cif; -jkGg,kFsky skJjug/ v_y&f mS ;onf -akHakf rHrkdfg/
jkGg,kFsky jkfhjug/ av#mf -vFhbkK/
vkyu f ikd af qmif&u G o
f nf -lkFarkf v#K@d 0u S rf _ -jkGg[Kkxt/
bkJodfg/ v#K@d 0u S of nf;zk0d xWK -iGl;Kg [Kgkatg [Kgey
vkyif ef; -jkGgndJ jkGgbkJg/ jkGg[df/
vkyaf qmifr_ -jkGgbkJodfg/ v#ypf pfynm&Sif -cyg;ygg cyxy iynG
vkyyf idk cf iG ahf y;xm;onf -[dJug fgvmf edfgzGg/
;kJbkJgsky/ v#yw f jyuf0ifa&mufwu dk cf u
dk jf cif; - jkGsdth
vky&f u J ikd &f oJ nf -bkJgeFg bkJgvFheFg/ cfvdJ jfgnkatjdth/
vky&f yf -bkJg,kug;kdth/ v$puf -zGeF/
vrf;cif;onf -[Ghjkfh a;df/
vrf;pnf;urf;trSwt f om; -a;df fgjkGg 0
iduidfg fgbf fgjJh/
vrf;!Geo f nf -,kHhjkfh a;dfa;uh/ 0dnmOf =,kfxy/ iGomkuhlrkGg/
vdr;f aq; -jkGgvHgl;kK/ jkGgvHgoF/ 0dnmOfawmf =,kfxy zfcGh/ iGzfhcGh/
vkrH ysKd -lrkGgbKg nHiGg/ a0zefa&; =jkGgkJ euheGg/
vsijf refpmG -lrdfh;fh/ 0g'jze@cf saD &; =jkGgnfg oJg;kdth rdua;uh/
vGaJ csmo f nf -fgiF fgzktg/ iFlkGhadfh/ 0,faps; =lrkyg'kug('kHg)lrkyg/
vGiw f ;D acgif -iFl;F ;kfhjfga;yg/ 0ef}uD; =lrkGg[dfgvHg/ lrkGgvdfvHg/
vGijf yif -akJpkJg/ akJ[Fh/ akJlkJh/ 0ef}uD;csKyf =lrkG[dfg vHg[Hg/ lrkGgvdf
vGwv f yfpmG awG;ac:cGihf -jkfhcf jfgskJg vHg[Hg/
eGgeFg;fh vmfdfg/ 0g' =rdua;uh/
vGeu f o J nf -jfg;mku cFh;Fh/ 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufonf =sdthjh fg akGgvu/
vGeq f yJG JG -jkGgzmyg cHgl;dJg aHadf/ sdthjfgakGg bfgsky/ sdth,kGhg
vGef -jfg;mku/ oGJgqkyh/ zmygvu cHcf/ sdthkJ cHcfakath/
vSyacsmarmonf -bmkuhl;yhjkduh/ 0efcoH nf =K;kdfg/
jkduhbmkuhl;yh/ 0g'D =lrkGgarkduhbkJg rdua;uh/
104
0goem = iGl;Kg iJbkJg/ iGl;Kg iJjkKh/ 0uftl =;yglfgsfg Jgqkyh/
iJ,kF bkJgjkKh/ 0uFmygvrf; =a;dfjfgqkfg oFhjkdt/
a0zefonf =kJeuheGg/ 0if&;dk =[yheuh a;fhbJh/
0Ëf =jkGgrkGh rkduhiG/ 'fgrfg/ (urBm)0if&;kd =kJgvHg [yheuh a;fhbJh/
0Éfvu kd o f nf =jkGgrkGh rkduhiG eGg/ (urBm)h 0if&;kd pGe;f =kJvHg [yheuh a;fhbJh
jkGgrkGh rkduhiG ;kFg/ oFh;t/
0wfvaHk wmf =lrkGgzkfg[Hg/ lrkGgkJ 0wfqifonf =aFhidfodfg/
eGgjdf/ lrkGgkJjdf/ 0Hyak vG =omygbkyg ztg[Hg/
lrkGglkujdf/ 0rf;Akud f =kK/
0wW&m; =jkGgbkJg [dfgvHg/ jkGg[dfgvHg a0g =,frkG/
jkGgbkJg/ 0ifa&mufusKK;ausmo f nf =,kyeysdth
0wfqH =nuhxybFg/ 0òzd;onf =eFgidJg afg;kdf/
0yfwmG ;&dak oonf ='kKg;kdfg ,kFpkf/ eFgafg;kdf/
0efc*H wd =jkGgK;kdfg skxtg;kdfg/ 0wfðyonf =zKeGh/
jkGgK;kdfg tha;kKg/ 0wfðyud;k uG,o f nf =zKeGh ,kFJg/ zKeHg
0efpnfpv,f =jkGgakat(aF) jkfhjkGg/ zKeGh odfgsky/
jkfhbkxt jyhjkGg/ 0wfpm;qif,ifonf =aFhkdJg idfzkfg/
0ef;&HIaeonf =ugjfg qkfgsky/ 0ef =[dfgvHg/ jkfhbkxt jyhjkGg fgokxtg/
0rf;ajrmufonf =iJarkFh iJ;kKh/ 0ef;0dik ;f onf =ugjfgqkfg/ ugjfg qkfgsky/
0rf;omonf =iJarkFhbkug/ 0yfonf =ugmu jfg[G/
0dZm… =jfgskJg iynG/ a0a0qefqef =rkurku GG/ ugG ifhrdfh/
0dZm… *k%x f ;l wef; =jfgskJg iynG jfgvGh [HgjkduhG ifhrdfh/
fgjku/ 0if;vJo h nf =jfgvGh ;yh;kdth/ jfgvGh
0efwo dk nf =iJvf iJ;uh/ iJvmG oyhsf/ rug,kug/
0dik ;f 0ef;ulno D nf =bkJgzkdu(zmku) a0iSonf =eJhjkfhlkJ/
jkfhjkt/ bkJgzkdu jfgqkfg 0Ho
h nf =bkJgeFg/
jkfhjkt/ (urBm)h0if&;kd wef;Edik if H =akJ ug [t kJgvHg
0Hph m;onf =,kFpkf cdfg;kdfg/ [yheuhoFh/
0Sr;f =jfgqyh jfgqkfg/ 0xWK =jkGg[df/
a0;&yfajrwae&m =[t kJgvHg vfh;kJ 0 =eFg/
,kdJg jfgnug/ 0uGut f yfonf =[dJjkfh zkdJhah dfh/
105
0ajymonf =ugG ;tefh/ 0dik ;f zG@J pum;ajymon =f ugjfgqkfg kJeGg;Hh/
0&wm =kyg;faFg jfgbkdfh/ 0dik ;f &Honf =ugjfgqkfg/ eKgjfgqkFg/
0&ke;f oke;f um;jzpfonf =omkuhcyqkdf 0dik ;f xm;onf =eKgjfg qkfgadfh/ eKgjfg
[yh[dfh/ qkfgsky/
0&rf; ='kuzky ;kJlkF/ 0dik ;f y,fonf =qyhadfh jkfhjkt/
0&rf;ajy;ol =lrkGga;dfg 'kuzy lkF;J/ 0efcsonf =cdfg;kdfgskJ/ K;kdfg
0&rf;r+ ='kuzky ;kJlkF fgbH fgrfg/ jkGgiF/ K;kdfg skyskJ/
0g}udwpf uf =zGJgqkyh jfgndf/ 0efxyk 0f efy;kd =jkGg,f jkGgeug/ jkGgnkatg
0g'a&;&m =rdua;uh rJga;uh/ jkGgeug/
0g,móud; =imGgnH l;dJgeuh/ 0efxrf; =lrkGgvdfndJ jkGg[dfgvHg/
0g&ifyh *k K~ v
d f =skJlrkGg sfg[Hg/ lrkGg sfg[Hg lrkGg bkJg vmyjkGgbkJg/
skJlrkGg/ 0ef;usif =jfgqkyh jfgqkfg/
a0vig; =lfh;Gh jkGh[Hg/ 0rf;qGq J &mr =ifrfbkxt [dJugnH/
a0[if =vfh;kJ ;y;Hh/ 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omonf =iJarFh iJ;kKh
a0[ifraS jr}uD;od@k =[t vfh;kJ ;y;Hh sf bkug/
[t kJgvHg/ a0S, h rf;onf =kF;kdth/ qyqdfh;kdth/
a0[ifraS 0[ifo@kd =[t vfh;kJ ;y;Hh sf a0S;oif;onf =cmy[dJg/ lkKg[dJ/
[t vfh;kJ ;y;Hh/ a0g[m& ='ku;dJg ;fgcf/
a0;uGmonf =fg,kdJg/ 0gus =;ygl;Kg cHglrkdu/ ;ygl;Kg
a0;vHonf =fg,kdJg;fh/ jJlrkdu/
0J-o* = odJhjfgqkfg zmyjkfh/ 0dbuf ='ku,kHh. 'kul;mkuhoFh/
odJhjfgrkyh zmyjkfh/ 0wfpm;wefqm =;kJaFhidf jfgryg
0uf_cH =odflkug/ nKhiF/ jfgakatg/
0ufo;kd =odfnGhjdJ/ a0pk =jkGgeJhjkfh fgl;Hg/ jkGgeJhjkfh
0uft&l pf =oGjfgrkyh vfh;kJ fga;K/
jfgrkyhadJg/ oGjfg rkyhadJg/ 0g*rG ;f -jfgndf/
0uftv l n S hf =oGJgqkyh/ oGjfgrkyh/ 0g;rsKo d nf -Jgcdfh lycf a;Hhsdth/
0ifciG hf =vmfdfg sdthsky/ 0g;vk;H uG&J ,foH -jfgarkdth jfgarkG
0wf&Hk =zkfg[Hgzkug/ pkJhlrkfgvdJ/
0if0h gonf =zkdJodfgbK/ zkdJlt/ 0g;onf -Jgcdfh/
0if;x&H =jfgrG jfglkug/ 0denf; -zKemy jkGg[kxtg[du ;kJa;uh/
106
0d&, d -jkGgdfzF jfgryg/ opPm = vdfzK/ jkGgvdfzK/
a0pkco JG nf -eJhadJhlku [yhjkF opPm&So d nf =vdfzKug/ ug sf vdfzK/
jkGgeJhjkfh/ owd =jfgrygiG/ rkKgrdJh/ jkGgrkKgrdJh/
a0'em -jkGgvdfeGg jkGgcmy jkGgcGh/ owd0&d , d m =jfgrygiG dfzF/
0Jem -aruhjfgndJ/ jkGgrkKgrdJh dfzF/ jkGgdfzF
0ufouf -oJgjfglrH/ oJgjfgarkG/ rkKgrdJh/
0ifciG ðhf yonf -[dJsdth fgvmf/ odr;f ,ljcif; =jkGgndJ l;K[du([mu)/
0if&;kd wef;a'o -kJgvHg [yheuhoFh jfglrf/ jkGgkKh [du([mu)l;K/
0ifa&muf,OS òf ydit f a&G;cHol -lrkGgsdth odr;f ydu
k o f nf =kKhl;K/
smuodfg [yhzGhakath fgskJ/ or*~ =l;KzFh aHl;K/
0wfpHk -kdJgzkfg eGlt/ owif; =jkGgryg jkGgadfh/ jkGgryg/
0if; -jfgrG;kug jfglkugaHh/ oabmwlpmcsKyf =juhrku ;yga;kKg/
0dik ;f &Hywd q
f @dk onf -ugey jfgqkfgsky/ ugey omrn =zKzF/
jfgqkfg jkfhjkFhsky/ oJuE &W =jfgbf ;fgrkHg/ odJhcG jfgbf
0dik ;f aomt&m -jkGg [t fgjfgqkFg/ ;fgrkHg/
0ef}uD;Xme -lrkGgvdf[Hg bfeuh/ owW0g =iGomkuh lrkGgnH/ jkGgarkG
0ef}uD;&mxl; -lrkGgvdf[Hg vfh;kJ jkGgomkug/
[df[Hg/ oifc%f;pm =;ygkJidu/ ;ygktidu/
0ef}uD;tzG@J -lrkGgcdf[Hg fgl;K/ oif,jl cif; =jkGgkt idundJ/
0ef;(0if;) -jfgrG jfglkugaHh/ jkGgidundJ/
0rf;csKyfonf -kKaHh bfg/ obm0ukex f wk v
f yk if ef; =bkJoJg [FgjGh
0rf;enf;onf -iGl;Gh/ jkGgakat(aF) jkGgbkJg/ [FgjGh
0rf;azgonf -kKefh/ efhkK/ fgjkGg bkJgoJg jkGgakat jkGgbkJg/
0rf;omp&mowif; -jkGgryg [t ;kJiG obm0 =[FgjGh/
arFh/ ordik ;f =jkGg[dfadfh/ jkGg[tg pfhadfh/
0,fonf -Jglrkyg/ od@k =[t/
o'Ng =;ygbkxta;mkyh/ 'ku fga;mkyh
o fg;my/
oabmw&m; =iGl;Kg jkGgjfgskJg/ jkGg
orw = akJvmyvHg/ akJvHgzK/ idu idfgzK/ jkGgidu jfgskJgzK/
akJedfgzGg/ vHgzK/ ouf&o dS ufrhJ =iGomkuh iGbkJ/ iGomkuh
107
 iGjkdt/ iGomkuh iG;kJg/ oufoufvyk o f nf -bkJgjfgaGg/
odyH` =cyg;ygiG cyxy/ bKcyxy/ oHrLS ; =lrkGgvdfjdf odJhakJrJg
aoGzo D nf =oJglkGh jkfhl;Ggadfh/ [HgvHg/
oif;vk;H uGswf =aHnH ;kKhl;yh/ owfjzwfr'+ %f =jkGgvdfeGg jkGgeGgcGh
oabmxm; =iGl;Kg jfgskJg/ iGl;Kg bkJgidJh/
jfg,Jg/ jkGg[dfgiHg [dfgiG/ ordik ;f ay;wm0ef =jkGg[dfadfh fgjkGg
oifah vsmf =juheGg/ [dfgvHg/
oabmESit hf jrif =iGl;Kg jfgskJg sf olawmfaumif; =vHgnGh ifhrdfh/ vHgnGh
jkGgbdfodJg/ zKjkJg/
ok;H oyfonf =rdunFh jfg,Jg/ bdflkHh olawmfaumif;a,mifaqmifonf=zkdJvHg
eJhadJh/ nGhifhrdfh/ a;HgvHgnGh ifhrdfh/
owfrw S wf ;dk jrifo
h nf =eJgbfg [dfgodfg a;mkugvHgnGh zKjkJg/
fgjku/ aoG;aqmifonf =;fgkuh iduldJ/ ;fgkuh
oDcsi;f =bfgrdfg/ jkGgifmyg/ jkGgktruh/ zmygvu/ yg;ug yg;df/
o,f,yl @dk aqmifa&; =jkGg;kJndJ aoG;cGaJ jcxd;k onf =idunG eKga;dJ/
iHhzdtakfg/ jkGgiHh zdtakfg/ eKga;dJ eKg'fh/ ygcdf ygxy/
oG,0f u kd uf sL;ausmrf + =jkGg,ky eysdth aoG;pnf;nDnw G o
f nf =imygzFh lkJh[duh/
katgl;Gg/ jkGg,ky eysdth vuvdJg/ okwo f ifonf =bkJgcy bkJadfh/ bkJg
,kyeysdth [Kkxt/ idJh bkJadfh/
odumQ =jfgrdJh cfhlrkG/ oif,o l nf =kJidu/ ndJidu/ kJidu
ol&aJ umif; =lrkGgnGh/ vHgnGhkfh/ ndJsky/
oufao =lrkGgvdfjdf/ jkGgvdfjdf/ oDv =jkGg[kxtgzK/ [kxtgzK/
jkGgbdfodJg skykath vdfjdf/ oDqo dk nf =ktruhoJg/ ktruhlrkfg/
(ypPn;f )odr;f ydu k of nf =kKhl;K jkGgakat kJktruh/ ifmyg/
(aF)/ kKhl;K jkfhbkxt jyhjkGg/ oDcsi;f qko d nf =ktruh bfgrdfg/ ifmyg ;yg/
odr;f ,lonf =kKh[du([mu)/ ndJ[du ktruh ;yg/ ktkJ ruh/
([mu)/ owd&onf =iJskJodfg/ iJskJ
o0%fvmG =;ygiHhbkug/ odfgsky/
oHwrefa&; =jkGgvdfjdf odJhakJrJg/ oDonf -Jgjkdtl;K/
odu
k f -fglmyg/ rFhoGh l;Fhadfh/ o-uFe&f uf =pJhiGh kfodJh/
odik ;f -jkGg;fh ;fgqkKh/ oò*õ&o f nf =yg;kxt;kxth/
108
onf =lrG/ o'Ngusr;f ='kufga;mkyh fg;my
o,fy;dk aqmif&u G of nf =qy,f odfgbkJg/ ;yg[dJidug/
owfyHk =;ygl;Kg jJhl;K/ ;ygl;Kg o'Ngw&m; =jkGgiG,kKg zKjkJg/
rfhl;K/ o'Ngw&m;ESiahf y;onf =[dJ sf jkGgiG
odjrifonf =iJpJh bdfodJg/ ,kKg zKjkJg/
odrw S o f nf =iJpJh eJgbfg/ iJpJh jkuhbfg/ oefprG ;f onf =jfgpfh cduglrdfh/
odu|r;f onf =iJpJh jkuhsky/ iJpJh okomef =;kxthvHg/
jkuhbfgsky/ iJpJhsK vdJh;Hh/ obufwap> =jfglrkdfg[Hg/ ;kxthjfg
onfh =dJh/[t/ ;rkdfg[Hg/
olaeonft h rd f =kyg [t fg ugsky/ oGwo f iG ;f onf =zmygsdthaHh/ oKsdthaHh/
olajymonfph um;rsm; ='ku [t fg kJ cdfgsdthaHh/
dJhjfgkJg/ oGeo f ifq;Hk ronf =iduidfg iJpJh/
oJo-J um;&onf =skykath lfg;ku/ kJiduidfg iJpJsky/ kJidu
oD;oe@jf cm;em;onf =vuhvdJg a;kfhskfh/ juha;df juha;uh/
odyof yd o f ;D oD;&So d nf =ugl;K a;kKgbfg oGeo f nf =,Fgjkfhadfh/ ,Fgadfh/ ,Fg/
rku;Hh/ ugarkFh uga;Gh rku;Hh/ oGe;f avmif;onf =,Fgsdth edfomkuh/
l;KzFh a;kKgbfg ug/ bkJgzkHg edfodfg/
onf;nnf;cHonf =vdfiG[uh/ odyaH` usmif; =cyg;ygiG idu;ygkuh/
&kw&f w k o f o J J =aHakf cHcf/ jfgardth bKcyxy idu;ygkuh/
cHcf/ jfgardth jfgarkG/ cHcf odo
k yd x f m;onf =eJg[du([mu)
cyqdfhodfg/ [Kkxtsky/ cHgbmkusky/ [dfg[du
oJuo JG nf =;kdthoJg vuvdJg/ cHgbmkusky/
;kdthoJgvu/ vuvdJh;Hh/ odyo f nf =jkygsdth/ jkygsdthpJ/
oJveG pf =vfh;kJ l;mkuhoFh/ vfh;kJ odrzf sO;f onf =lGiHg/ fgiHg/
;kJrmu/ fgoFh ;kJrmu/ ao;odro f nf =jfgskJg lfgjy/ sJglfgjy/
opf =iGh/ Jgl;kG(Jgl;kG bygiGg)/ iwKg/ lfgjy/
opfaomt0wf =kdJgzkfgh [t fgiGhg /h odraf rG@onf =zkGskfg ifhrdfh/
owfrw S o f nf =eJga;kKg jkuhbfg/ odr;f qnf;onf =ndJug[du([mu)/
eJga;kKg jJhbf/ [dfgu[g du([mu)/
oyfoyf,yf,yf =bmkuhl;yh ifhrdfh/ odr;f &k;H onf =JgkKh l;K;kKh/ ;kKhl;yh
bmkuhbmkuh l;yhl;yh/ ;kfjfga;yg/
109
okwo f if&iS ;f vif;onf =bkJgl;yhbkJ owif;pmynm =;ygjkGgryg rJgadfh iynG/
;kKhadfh/ bkJidJh cybkJ owif;pOf =jkGgryg lrkua;uh/
;kKl;yhah dfh/ bkJgcybkJ oem;-uifemonf =iJ,kKg a;fgeGg/
;kKhl;yhadfh/ oydwaf rSmufonf =akatgcFg/ [tg;
okwv f rd ;f onf =l;kK/ oF/ odfg jkGgakatgcFg/ [tg;kdthcFg
okwo f ;D okwjf yef =jfgl;kdt jfgrkdfg/ jkGgzkHhjug/
jfgl;kdt jfgl;dJ/h akfgvdJh obmywd =lrkGglkK vfh;kJ ugpfh/
kdfhpJh/ lrkGg[Hg vHgzK/
okypf m;onf =a;dthJ/g obm0ukx;Hk =[FgjGh jkGgaH,fg/
ok;H pGo J nf =zfgJ/g sKhJ/g obm0"gwaf iGh =[FgjGh cyxyimy/
ok;H pm;onf =zfgJsg ky/ sKhJsg ky/ oabmxm;}uD;onf =eJgiGl;Kg jfgskJg
ok;H aqmifonf =Jgu/h sKhzfg Jgsky/ sKhJg [Hg/ iGl;Kgzkdug/ eJgzkdug
sky/ igGl;Kg/ iGl;Kg fgjkGg jfg,Jg[Hg/
odik ;f 0dik ;f onf =rkuG ifhrdfh/ oabmxm;uGo J nf =iGl;Kg jfgskJg ;kHg
odrk ;DS xm;onf =[dfg[du([mu)ug skysJg/ vu/ jkGg[dfgiHg [dfgiG nGvu
[dfgu[g du([mu) ugsJgsky/ vdJh;Hh/
[dfg[du ugsky/ oabmxm;ao;onf =iGl;Kg jfgskJg
od@k aomf =jfg[tgrK/ eGgrGgrK/ lfgjy/ jkGg[dfgiHg [dfgiG
owdxm; =ugrkKgrdJh/ rkKgrdJh/ ugjfg jkfh,dug lfgjy/
rygiG/ oabmusonf =juhiGl;Kg/ juh;kJ
owday;csuf =[dJrkKg rdJhl;y/ iJ,kF/ iGl;Kg juheGg/ juheGg
[dJiJ pJhl;y/ iGl;Kg/
owdðyrdonf =bdfodJg iJpJh odfgsky/ oabmayguo f nf =l;uhiGl;Kg/
jfgskJg jkuhodfgsky/ iJskJ iGl;Kgl;uh/
odfgsky/ omr&d;k usvufeuf =jfgakatg jfgeGh zKzF/
owdarhonf =cuhjfglkfg/ idJh'kFh/ or0g,mr =jGhrku fgl;K/ jGhzFh fgl;K/
owdarhvo J nf =;fgvF idJh'kFh/ orm;awmf =ifrf aH,fg/
owif; um; =jkGgryg,kug/ orkid ;f 0ifjzpfonf =ug sf jkGg[dfadfh/
owif;pm =;ygjkGgryg/ sdthaHh sf jkGg[dfadfh/
owif;pmacgi;f }uD; =;ygjkGgryg vHga;K o,HZgwºuG,0f onf =kJgvHg jkGgcG
;ygl;Kg lrku[Hg/ lrkdJh ug;tefh/
110
o,HZgw =kJvHg jkGgcGlrkdJh/
ork'&N m =odJh[Hg odJhjfgqkfg/
om& =;ygl;Kg lrkfgbkxt. lrkfgnH/
o&zl =zKndfg vHga;mkuh/
o&kyaf qmifonf=a;HgbkJg/ a;mkugbkJg/
fddfomkuh/ fddfzkdJ/
o&kyaf z:onf =a;Hglkug oJg;kdth fg,kug/
a;mkuglkug oJg;kdth fg,kug/
ovif;ausmuf =;kKiH odJhcG bdJhztg/
o'u =jkGgfrg K/
omaygi;f nmpm; =;fgkuh ;fgkdfgJ/g oHgiG
;fgkuhJ/g
om,monf =zkG[Ggbkuh/ ifhrdfhbkug/
zkGskfg ifhrdfhbkug/
omvGeo f nf =;t/ ;ta;Kh/ a;Kh;t/
om;ydu k af umif =afarHh rkdfhskynH/
oGm;ykwaf vvGihf =kJlkyhbmkyh iyodJh/
kJldJ kJadfh/
odomonf =;kdthoJg iJpJh/ oJg;kdth
iJpJh/
okn
H =rfgqkfg/
oli,fjyefonf =zkdJlfg zkGvdJh/
fddf lfgz,GvdJh/
olprd ;f =lrkGg [t cyjtg sKjug/ lrkGgiGh/
om;a& =nf/ nf,du/
om;&Jw&d pd m> ef =jkGgbkyg jkGgbkdfhnH/
olemðyq&mr =ifrfbkxt aH,fg
lrkGgcmycGh/
olyek f =lrkGg afgoKgcf cHcf/
ol&aJ bma-umifonf =jfgrdtg/
olv#Kd =lrkGg bdflkH oFzJh/
111
lrkGgoFkatg/
aocsmonf =jkfhjkJg/
aopm;aoaptrde@f =idJh;dJhaGg
'kuzky/
aooyfonf =ifhrdfh jkfhjkJg/ ifhrdfh
ifh[Gg/
aomua&mufonf =jkGgakH jkGgakdfh
eGg/ jkdtheGg jkGgakH jkGgakdfh/
aomtcg =eyhsdtg fgvGh/ eyh fgvGhsdtg/
aomh =cKakf/
oHóud; =cHgl;dJg jkKoG/
oHacs;wufonf =jkKoG oJgy/g
oHcsyu f mum; =;kuhzG [KjkKoG/
oHajcusi;f cwfonf =akfbfg vfh[kxtg sf
adfeuh jkKoG/
oHajcusi;f =vfh[kxtg adfeuh jkKoG/
oHq;l óud; =cHgl;dJg jkKoGcdf/
oHvu dk f =jkKoGsJ/
oHvu dk tf rd af jrmif =jkKoG sJ,kHh/
oHa0*&onf =iJpJh cdfg;kdfg idf
skJ/ iJskJodfg skyidf jkGgiF/
oHo, =,kFsky jkfhjug/ ,kFJg jkfhjug/
oHo,uif;onf =;kJ,kF jkfhjug ugjug/
oHo,jzpfonf =fgomkuh ;kJ,kF jkfhu/g
od@k ygv#uEf iS hf =nHhsdtg kJrK/ nHhsdtg
jfg[tgrK/
od@k r[kwf =jugbfg/ jugrK/
od@k aomfvnf; =jfg[tgrK/
od;k =iyby/
oufqidk o f nf =eGgadfh sf/ eGgrkGh sf/
oufawmfapmifh =lrkGgug lkKsky
 iGomkuhlrkGg/
oufwe@f =cdJhbkxt ;fgu cf/
oufwrf; =fgsfg ugoHh/ jkGgsfg ugoHh/ fgsfg
fgoHh/ fgsfg jkGgoHh/
oufjyif;csonf =iGbkxt jkfhvdJ/
iGjkfh iGbkxt/
oufom&m&onf =skyeGg jkGgnmyhiG/
skyeGg jkGg,fvGg/ skyeGg ;kJ,f
vGgakfg/
oufomonf =nmyhiG/ ,fvGg/ ,fvGgakfg/
oufaocHcsuf =jkGgvdf bdfodJg
skykath jdfl;y/ jkGgvdf
;kdthl;y/
oufaocHvufrw S f =;ygbfjJh vdfjdf/
oufaojycsuf =jkGg[tg;kdth vdfjdf
l;y/ jkGg,kHh;kdth vdfjdfl;y/
oufO;D qHyikd f =jkGgjGhsky lrkGgrkdtg
iGomkuhlrkGg/
aomufpm;aysmyf g;onf =Jguh vdfbkug/
oif =skGg/ kJidu/
oauFw =jkGgfbg f fgjJh/ jkGgbf jkGgjJh/
oif-um;ay;onf =kJidu skylkJ/
kJidu iJpJh skylkJ/
oif-um;yd@k csonf =kJidujkfh skylkJ/
oifwikd ;f =zkfgzkdug/
oifwef; =jkGgkJidu/
oabmF =odJhiKhnKh/
oabmFom; =odJhiKh nKhnH/
oif&;kd nGe;f wrf; =;ygjfg rygsJg ;kJidu
jkfh/
opPmw&m; =jkGgvdfzK vdfjkJg/
112
opPmazguo f nf =nKh[dfhldJ vdfzK/
bkJgl;uhldJ vdfzK/
opfawm =iwKg[Hg iwKglrHh bkyga;kGh/
opfawmðzef;wD;onf =bkJg;kKh bkJl;yh
iwKg[Hg iwKglrHh bkyga;Gh/
onf;ajc&nf =idtgodJh fgodJh/ idtgodJ
owWaA' =jkGgnH jkGg;dJg cyxy/
iGomkuhlrkGg cyxy/
aowWm =jt/
o'NgaA' ='ku fga;mkyh fg;my cyxy/
owW&d o dS nf =vFhkfh jfgrdJh ug/ ug sf
vFhkfh jfgrdJh/
owWK =lrkGh/
owWK&dik ;f =lrkGhiyiKh/
oE mW ausmuf =;kK odJharkG edf
omkuh/
oE mW u|e;f =a;F odJharkG edfomkuh/
oENXd mef =th;kdfgsJg(;kJbkJg [tpJh)/
jkGgth ;kdfgsJg/ jkGgth a;kKgsJg/
oe@&f iS ;f onf =bmkuhl;yh/ zfhcGh/
oef; =idtg/ fgiyh cdJ/
ouQmqnfonf =oyhsky jfgrdJh cfh
lrkG/ [kxuiGsky jfgrdJh
cfhlrkG/
oy`yH nm =cyg;ygiG iynG/ bKxy iynG/
orRwEdik if H =vHgzKa;uh odJhakJ/
orRmusr;f pm =;ygzfhcGh/
odr;f qnf;onf =ndJ[dfg[du/ ndJeJg
[du/
oGm;acgonf =vHgvdJh jfgaruh/ vHgvdJh
jfgvKh/
aoG;ckeEf e+ ;f =imyglkf lmybf/
aoG;wk;d a&m*g =jkGgcmy imygodfg/
aoG;wk;d onf =imygodfg/
aoG;tkypf k =imygbdJhztg fgbkHg/
ouU&mZf =sfgJsg kJ/
owk;d om; -vHgnGh atvuhbkGh/
owk;d orD; -bKgbkxt atvuhbkGh/
oeyf -jkGgcdJg 'kxua;dth/
oajyyef; -jfgbdJhnuh/
ombm0ususawG;ac:r_ -[FgjGh fgjkGg
jkfhcf jfgskJg jkfhjkJg/
oa&yGJ -rfg[Fh;Hh/ lkJ;Hh jfgvujug/
omul -aKhbHh [yg[dJg/
omvdum -oHgiwKg byha;f/
om; -,dJg/ nHlrkGgvHh/
om;pyf+cH -jfgrGaHh ;kJl;mkuharH/
om;arG; -jkGgnH jkGg;dJgcFg/
om;orD; -nHlrkGgvHh nHlrkGgbKg/
odcsio f nf -iJ,kF iJpJh/
okawoeðyonf -bdflkHh bkJbdf
iJpJh/ bdflkHh zfhbdf iJpJh/
okb&mZm -lrkGg uglkK ;kxthvHg/
ol -Gg/
olc;dk -lrkGgJkg atg/
olc;dk aps; -a;GcGhkatg/
oli,fcsi;f -vuheKiduh/
oli,fema&m*g -lfgzkG jkGgcGh jkGgcmy/
oli,fem&d;k aysma&m*g -lfgzkG jkGgcGh
armyzkG jkGgcmy/
olw@kd -Ggiyh/
olw@kd ukd -Ggiyhsdtg/ [t Ggiyh/
113
olw@kd . -GgiyhjGh/ GgiyhpJh/
olawmif;pm; -lrkGg amkyhJ[g fh -Jg/
olemðy -lrkGg aH,fg/
olr -bKgbkxt/
ol&aJ umif;yDoonf -ifhrdfh vHgnGhkfh/
vHgnGh vFhkfhzG/
ol&aJ bma=umifol -lrkGg jfgrdtg/
aocsmaponf -sKhbkJg jkfhjkJg/
aowrf;pm -lrkGgidJh fgjkGg rfhadf;yg/h
aowrf;pmjzift h arGay;cJo
h nf -[dJadfh
HhzGh sf jkGgidJh ;yg rfhadfh/
ao'%f -jkGgeGg cGhidJh/
ao'%ftrde@cf sonf -[dJjkfh 'kuzky
jkGgeGg cGhidJh/
aoewf -cysdfg/ cypkfg/
aoajr}uD;&Siaf &$x;D -idJhomkuhkJh
omkuhlrkGg omkuhzKndfg/
aoma=umifh -nHhsdtgrK/ nHhsdtg vHgvdJh/
oHZmum -jkKoG jfglrJh/
oHr%d -jkKoG vdflrdJh/
oHa,mZOf -jkGgbkugsky/ jkGgiG
,kKgsky/
oH&;Hk -jkGgvdfjdf akJ;H/
oufu,f -jfgkdJh/ vdfndJ[du
iGomkuglrkGg/
ocFsmynm -[mfiynG/
oifyek ;f acsonf -eJgjkfhadfh jkGg;kJ
iJoJg/ l;mkuhadfh jkGgiF/
oifo h nf -juhbkJgnHh/ juhskyeGg/
aomifjyif -kJgiuhvHg [t odJh a;uhoFh/
odik ;f óud; -l;dJg ;kJcfh efaGg/ l;dJg
 cfhef;mu/
opfuv k m;tkwf -arKakdfh euhoHh/
opPmqko d nf -kJoJg 'kuvdfzK/
opfawm -iwKg[Hg bkyga;Gh/
opfawmoD;d -iwKgidthiGg/
owWAd swd -jfgrdJh vFhkfh/
owWKa=um -lrkGha;df/ lrkGhrmy/
okwaf jcwifonf -a;dfgadfhlrdfh/
a;dfgjfgnfh adfhlrdfh/
oefaumif -,kfh(,kfh [t kKaHh)/
oef;ºuG,o f al X; -lrkGg[Hg,f eGif
eGafg[Jg/
oef;aumifpm&if; -zfgrfh Jgodtgl;K
lrkGgskJ/ lrkGgskJl;K zfgrfh/
odr;f iSuf -;kfh/ oHg;kfh/
oGm;yGww f H -;kJoF vHgvdJheuh/
oGm;zk;H -vHgvdJhl;dJ/
aoG;vSL&Sif -lrkGgbkJg ;Hhimyg edfgzGg/
[ kJoJg ;mkusJg/
[yfpyfonf =idfnFg;Hh/ juhnFg;Hh/
[efvyk o
f nf =zkdJbkJg,K/ zkdJ,K/
bkJg,K/
[efyefvyk o
f nf =zkdJlt,K/
fddflt,K/ bkJglt,K/
[efaqmifonf =zkdJhomkuh,K/ a;Hg
omkuh,K/ a;mkugomkuh,K/
[efyeftrlt&m =jkGgaHakf zkdJ
zkdf/
[dw[f efxw k o
f nf =zkdJ[Hg ,K;Jhlt/
114
zkdJbkJglt/ zkdJifh rdfhlt/
[de;f onf =jfgqK/ xK (nkatgvyhxK)/
[kwrf eS o f nf =juheGg/
[keo f nf =iHg/ fgiHg(fgiGgiHg)/
[ke;f [ke;f awmufonf =akdfhodfg ;kdth
;yh/ akdfhodfg lrkfgku/
[kw
d ,f =cyhlrkJkyg/ kygcyhlrkJ/
[Donf =(jfgiy) lrkfg/
[e@w f m;onf =bkJgjkfhjkFh/ bkJg[yh[dfh/
[kac:onf =GnHhsdtg/ GnHhdJh/
[kwrf eS af -umif; =juheGgrK/ juheGglrG/
[kw[ f yf =bkf;fgauh/
[ktd &yf =[tsdtg jfgzy/ [tsdtg jfgadJh/
a[mfeef; =kuh/ zKndfgkyg/
[yfonf =(jkGhnH) Jg ygey/ akHlkGh
(bygakHlkGh)
[kwu f hJ =Kg/ fg bkfh/
[H;k yif =cdtgrybkK/
a[monf =kKjfgrfh/ lkugoJg;mku/
a[mifonf =Kg(omyg Kg)/
a[mufonf =vK(jfgvdJh vK)/ iGlrkuh
cdug/ ugbdJh iGlrkfg/
[nfonf =lrkfg[rFg(jfgcdfh lrkfg[rFg)/
[muGuf =jkfh[fh/ jkfh[fhaHh/
a[mude;f xkwo f nf =lkugoJg;mku
jkuomGhbf/
[kid 'f &d*k si"f gwf =ktT[g rugzdJg cyxy/
[if;csKd r+e@f =Jgimy cFhbFg/
[if'b l mom0if =kyg[kHg jkGgzK eGhnH/
[Ge;f =;kJzyglrkfg/
[k;d vif;wausmf =;kdth;yh oJg;kdth/ tm%m&Sif =,Jglrkug edfgzGg/
;kdth;yh odfgnug/ tm%mydik f =eGgjGhsky ,Jglrkug/ lrkGjGh
t sky ,Jglrkug/ ugsky ,Jglrkug/
tm%mydik t f zGJ =lrkGgjGhsky ,Jglrkug
tykid ;f =fgadJh/ fgjkFh/ fgjkFhamkug/ fgl;K/ ugsky ,Jglrkug fgl;K/
tpdyf =fgaryg/ fgarKh fgaryg/ t&dyf =,kugkxtg/ ,kugfkxtg/ fgkxtg/
tpdyt f ykid ;f =fgadJh fgaryg/ fgaryg tkycf sKyfa&; =jkGglt jfgry/
jkFhamkug/ tkycf sKyfa&;tm%m =jkGglt jfgry
twGi;f a&;rSL; =vHg[dfh/ ,Jglrkug/
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; =lkauh(lmkuh)ztg tawG;tac: =jkfhcf jfgskJg/
vHg[dfh/ fgztgztg vHg[dfh/ tawG;tac:&Sif =jkfhcf jfgskJg edfgzGg/
tpd;k & =vmy/ toif; =jkGgaH/ aHnH/
trde@ef mcHjcif; =jkGgsky[fh 'kuzky/ tzG@J =fgl;K/
trdef ='kuzky/ tzG@J 0if =l;KnH/ lrkGgl;KnH/
trsK;d om;jzpfa&; =jkGgomkuh odfgsky tpnf;ta0; =jkGguag H/
odJhakJnH/ t,l0g' =jkGgzkHh,kF rdua;uh/
trsK;d om;jzpfa&;Oya' =jkGgomkuh todtrSwðf yjcif; =jkGg[dfgbfg jkuhsky/
odfgsky odJhakJnH Hlfgjyg/ jkGg[dfgbfg iJpJsky/
trsKk ;d oD;R tcGit hf a&; =lrkGgbKg fgjkGg ta-umif;t&m =jkGgrJg jkGgadfh/
vmfdfg/ jkGgrJg jkGga;uh/ fgrJg fgadfh/
tvkyo f rm;tcGit hf a&; =lrkGgbkJg jkGgnH atmifycJG o H nf =vdfskyeGg jkGglkJodfg/
fgvmf fgdfg/ vdfskyeGg jkGgbkJglkJ/
tm%m =,Jglrkug/ t&yfa'o =zyjfglrf/ fgvfh;kJ jfglrf/
tm%mok;H &yf =,Jglrkug vfgcdJ idtgztg/ tE &W m,f =jkGgeGgcGh zkdJhzFg/ jkGgeGg
tm%mcGaJ 0a&; =jkGgeJhadJh ,Jglrkug/ cGh eGgskfg/ jkGeGgig dJh jkGgeGgbkJ/
tda¹EN =cfhlrkG ifhrdfh/ tm&kH =iJpJh jfg,Jg/ jkGgiJpJh jfg,Jg/
tcsed f =cdtvGh/ tm&kaH -um =rmyomug iJpJ jfg,h Jg/ iJpJh
tcsed t f cg =fgcdt fgvGh/ jfg,Jg rmyomug/
tm%mcsichf sed rf + =jkGgzkdfgeJh ,Jglrkug/ tm&kpH ;l pku d rf + =iJpJh jfg,Jg fgjkGg jfgskJg
tm%m&Sipf epf =,Jglrkug edfgzGg ,kfh/ iJpJh jfg,Jg fgjkGgbdf
vfh;kJa;uh/ odJg,kfh/
115
tcsu J jf y =jkGg,kHh;yhl;y/ jkGg[tg;kdth taemufzuf =eGskxth/ zyskxth/
l;y/ jkGg,kHh ;yh;kdtl;yh/ ta&mifwifonf =eGg;fg/ bkJg;fg/
tm;emjcif; =jkGgjfgrkGh zfgzt/ ta&miftqif; =fg;fg jkduhztg/
tm;emonf =iJjfgrkGh zfgzt/ tcef; =[KaHh/ ruhaHh/
tvkyt f udik f =jkGgndJ jkGgbkJg/ t&Sdef=;kHgkGh/
tH-h oonf =jfglkfg vdJiG/ jfglkfg tiftm; =kGhrJg/
vdJiHg/ vdJiHg vdJiG/ fgjfglkfg/ tu =;Jh/ yg;Jh/ Jg;Jh/ jkGgJ; g Jh/
tok;H ðyonf =sKhJsg ky/ sKhomkuhsky/ tqkw d ifoiG ;f onf =kJcug [dfgsdth/
zfgJsg ky/ sKhsky/ [dfgsdth jkGgkJeGg/
t,ltq=zkHh,kF jfg,Jg/ jkGgzkHh,kF t&Sed jf yif;pGm =;kHgkGh cKhpfgzkK/ ;kHgkGh
jfg,Jg lrdfhpfgzkK/
trsKd K;om; =lrkGg;kHgbdJh/ t,ltqusKKK;ausmrf + =jkGg,y eysdth
tacsmiform; =lrkGgbkJg Jg[fh/ lrkGgbkJg jkGgzkHh,kF jfg,Jg/
Jgl;Gg/ t}uHtpnf =jkGgzdfg jfgryg/
tvkyo f rm;vlwef;pm; =lrkGgbkJg jkGgnH tHqJG =zmygruh/
jkuhztg/ t&yf =zy/
trsKd K;om;awmfveS af &; =lrkGg;kHgbdJh ta&S@t&yf =zyoJg/
jkGglt odfgjuh/ tr+tcif; =fgbH fgrfg/ jkGgomkuhodfg
trsKd K;om;'Dru dk a&pD =lrkGg;kHgbdJh [ygbug fgvHg fgvdJh vfhcdJ/
afgrJgwyg/ taxGaxGvw $ af wmf =fgztgztg l;Fl;uh/
tapcH =vuhlfgzkG ;kJsKh/ ;Hg;J/ ta&mif =fg;fg/
lrkGgvdf jkGgsKhJ/g ta-umif;rlum; =fgrJg nHhdJh/ fgrJg
tajrmuf(vuNm%m)x-l;KlrK/ nHhsdtg/
tekwf ( ? )= =rmkyhadfh/ tck;d taiG@ =fgvkatg fgimy/
taygi;f ( ? )+ =l;K/ tqdyt f awmuf =fgzFg fgl;kG/
tpm; ( ? )=Hh =eJhadJh/ tyl"gwf =fgakH cyxy/ jkGgakH cyxy/
tydik ;f ( ? )½ =jJaryg/ tylyikd ;f =fgakH vfh;kJadJh/ fgakH
tEG,w f v
l rl sKd K;pk =bdJhidfnH/ aFhadJh/ jkGgakH aFhadJh/
tr+xrf; =lrkGg[dfg vHgnH/ tpdik t f cJ =fga;kK fgvkath/
txl; =[Gg;t/ a;Kh;t/ tjref =fglrdfh/
ta&S@zuf =eGoJg/ zyoJg/ tcGit hf a&; =fgvmf fgdfg/
116
t&if;&Sif =fgrfh edfgzGg/
t&m&Sd t&mcH =Hh[Hg HhvHg/ lrkGgvdf[Hg/
lrkGgomkuh[Hg/
t&m&Sd =lrkGg[Hg lrkGgvHg/
tESpo f m& =xyaHh eJhcG/ xycG/ xyaHh
;fgcf/ xyaHh zkK,kfh/
t&if; =fgrfh/ fgvfhcdJ/
tajccHOya' =Hlfg[yg vfhcdJa;kKg/
twnfðyonf =eJga;kKgbfg/ eJga;kKg
eJgbfg/ eJga;kKg odfgbfg/
twnfðycsuf =eJga;kKg bfgl;y/
tqkðd ycsuf =kJcug sdthl;y/
t,lcv H m$ =;ygamkyh vdfodfg/ ;ygamkyh
nmyhodfg/
tusiphf m&dwW =skJjkGgug jfgryg juha;uh/
iHgiG jkGgug jfgryg juha;uh/ jkGgug
jfgryg juha;uh/
ta&;,lonf =ndJfgrJg/ ndJjkGgiF/
tusihf =fgjkGgug jfgryg/
t&nftcsi;f =jkGgzkdf skJ[Gg/ jkGg
zkdf jkGg[Gg/ jkGgzkdf[Gg bkJgsK/
t&nftaoG; =jkGgzkdf imyg[Gg/
jkGgzkdf[Gg bkJgeG/
ta&twGu=f [dfbfeGg/ jkGg[df bfeGg/
tjzpfreS f =jkGgomkuhodfg juheGg/
tjypfay;ta&;,l =ndJjkGgiF [dJjkfh
jkGgzygrkdfg/
tcGit hf m%m =fgvmf ,Jglrkug/
tr+upd =P jkGgbH jkGgrfg jGhpJh/ fgvHg
fgvdJh omkuhodfg vfhcdJ jGhpJh/
tpD&ifcpH m =;ygjfgryg [dfg;kdthodfg/
117
;ygjfgryg/
taxmuftxm; =jkGgjfgomku juheGg/
jkGgjfgomku vfhrkdfg/
tajctae =jkGgomkugodfg fgskJ/
jkGgbkJg fgskJ/ jkGgug fgskJ/
tajccHz@JG pnf;jcif; =jkGgcKomkuh vfhcdJ/
vfhcdJ fgjkGg cKomkuh/
tvm;tvm =jkGgbdfcFg juheGg/
tuJtcwf =fg bdf fg jfg,Jg/ jkGgbdf
jfg,Jg/ jkGgbdf ;fhcfh jfg,Jg/
tajccH =fgvfh cdJa;kKg/ vfhcdJa;kKg/
trSew f &m; =jkGgzK juheGg/ fgzK juheGg/
atmifjrifr+ =jkGglkJodfg/ jkGgbkJg
omkuhodfgeG/
ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; =jkGgrJgodfg
jkGguag H/
toif; =aHnH/
tcGithf m%mydik q f ikd rf + =jkGgeGg jGhsky
fgvmf ,Jglrkug/
taxmuftul =jkGgjfgomku bkJgzkdu/
tajz = 'kulkug oJgcFg/ jkGglkugoJg
;kdthcFg/ lkugoJg kJcugcFg/
tvkud =f sky[Fg/ [Fgsf/
tpDtpOf =jkGgjfgryg/
ta&;}uD; =fgrJg[Hg/ fg;ug[Hg/ jkGgrJg[Hg/
ta&;}uD;udpP -jkGgrJg[Hg jGhpJh/
ta-umif;jycsuf =[tg;kdth l;mul;y/
,kHhl;mu a;dfjuh eGgl;y/
tcrf;tem;rSL; =lrkGgjfgryg ,kHhjkfh/
todtrSwðf yonf =iJpJh eJgbfgsky/
iJpJh [dfgbfg jkuhsky/
trsKd K;om;pD;yGm;a&; =lrkGg;kHgbdJh t}uD;tus,f =fg[Hg fg;kdf/
jkGgrkdfg skyodfg/ touf&iS o f nf =omk uhlrkGg/ iwthlrkGg/
taumiftxnfaz:xkwo f nf =bkJgomkuh tzG@J 0ifrsm; =lrkGgsdth l;KaHh jfgkJg/
odfg nGoJg;kdth/ lrkGgl;KnH jfgkJg/
tcsKyftcsm =[Hga;kKg/ txGwt f xdyf =vfh;kJ odfg;th;t/
tcsKyftcsmtm%mydik q f idk rf + = jkGgeGg fgvdJh;t/ fg odfg;th;t/
jGhsky ,Jglrkug [Hga;kKg/ twk,&l ef =juhbdf eFhndJ/ ;kJbdf
tdref ;D em;csi;f =odJhakJ nKhnF;Hh/g kygnKh eFhndJ/
kygnFg;Hh/ tqk;H owfonf =[dfgjkFhadfh/ eJgjfg
tpOftvm =;kJa;uh ;kJkdfg/ [Fgadfh/ [dfg jfg[Fgadfh/
;kJa;uh;kdt/ ;kJa;uh tcsKyftcs,f =jkGglt [Keysky/
sky;kdt/ jkGg[Key iduidfgsky/ jkGg[Key
trwf =zKndfg fglrkGg [dfg[Hg/ akdJhsky/
l;Fl;uh fglrkGg vdfjdf trsm;qEN =GlrkGg jkGgeGg iGl;Kg/
lrkGg;kHg/ GlrkGg jkGgeGgiG/
tawG@tóuH =jkGgbdfodJg bkJgsK/ tkww f w H idk ;f =ueFg jfgrG/
tjrifrmS ; =jkGgbdf odJgiF/ ta&;ydik f =lrkGgltvHg/ lrkGglt
tjrifreS f =jkGgbdfodJg juheGg/ jkGgrygvHg/
tqufjzwfonf =oKjkFhadfh jkGgl;muh tyk'f =;yglrkul;K/ fglrkul;K/
oFh/ eJg;fg jkFhadfh jkGgl;mkuhoFh/ lrkubf/
tEkenf; =fgzkG fgskfg ;kJa;uh/ tkycf sKyfa&; =jkGglt jfgry/
zkGskfg ;kJa;uh/ atmifycJG jH cif; =jkGgvdf skyeGg
twkta,mif =jkGgomkuh ,K;Jh/ fg,K jkGgbkJglkJ/ jkGgvdf skyeGg
fg;Jh/ jkGgbkJgomkuh bdfeFh ,K;Jh/ jkGglkJodfg/
t"rR =sKhcdug/ jtjfgaf/ tusKd ;aqmif =lrkGgbkJgzkduh/ lrkGgjfg
tyef;ajzonf =ugakath iGeG/ rygbkJgzkduh/
tpnf;t&k;H =fgl;K fgzFh/ t_rJwrf; =lkauh(lmkuh)nkat/ lkauh
tvkt d avsmuf =omkuhodfg [FgjGh/ (lmkuh)l;Jg/ lkauhnkat;kdt/
ugodfg [FgjGh/ trSew f &m; =fgjuh fgzK/ jkGgjuh jkGgzK/
tkwjf rpfcsonf =eJgjkfh ueFg bfjJh/ tcsi;f =rfgqkfg fg;kdf/
eJgjkfh ueFg vfhcdJ/ tcsi;f csi;f -idf;Hh/
118
taetxm; =fgvfh;kJ ugjuh/ fgvfh;kJ
juhu/g fgjkGgug fgskJ/ jkGgug fgskJ/
tcsKyftjcm tm%m =,Jglrkug [Hga;kKg/
tepfemcHjcif; =jkGgvdf cdfg;kdfg
zkdJhzFg/
trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pD0g' =lrkGg;kHgbdJh
[ygbug afgrJgwyg rdua;uh/
trsKd ;om;pD;yGg;a&;pepf =lrkGg;kHgbdJh
jkGgrkdfg skyodf juhag ;uh/
trSew f &m;udv k ufcjH cif; =jkGgvdfndJ
jkGgzK jkGgjkJg/ jkGgvdfndJ
jkGgzK juheGg/
trsKd ;om;opPmazguf -nKh[dfhldJ
lrkGg;kHgbdJh jkGgvdfzK/
trsKd ;om;opPmazguo f rm;=lrkGgnKh[dfldJh
lrkGg;kHgbdJ jkGgvdfzK/
t&Hygw0D if =lrkG jfg,Jgog mkuh lfgjygnH/
lrkGg ugjfg,Jg sdth lfgjyg/
tppf -fgzG/ fgbG/
tusiw hf &m; =jkGgug jfgrygjuhg zKjkJg/
atmufarhonf =jfgskJg odfgsky/ iJskJ
odfgsky/
atmifonf =lkJodfg/ lkJkK/ eGodfg
kK/
atmufusaemufusonf =jkfhnkxtg
jkfhsug/
atmif;owW0g =jkGgiG omkuhlrkGgg ug
fgaHh/
tuQ&m =;ygl;Kgbkxt/
tufOya' =GH lfg[yg/
tufuo JG nf =nGadJh/ nGrJ/ lkKnG/
119
tif;tkid f =odJhsu odJgK/g
txWKy`wdW =skJrJgadfh/ skJlrkGg
rJgadfh/
tyfEo HS nf =[dJa;kKgadfh/
[dJ;kdfgadfh/ [dJjkfh
uga;kKgadfh/
atmtefonf =lrdfiG[Fg/
tHq
h q J J =eyhatrkGh(eyhatrkGh zdtsdtg)
jfg;y(atzdt jfg;ykK)
tdwf =lkdJh/ zkfgoKh/ lkdJhoKh[Hg/
tdwpf ufonf =ugbdJh;kdfg/ ugbdJhsky/
tdraf jrmif =jkKoG sJ,kHh/
tkwt f w k uf suuf suf =jfgardth jfgarkG/
t&om =fgiuhruh/ fgqyg/ jkGgiuh ruhqyg/
tvSnu hf s =jkfhl;tg;Hh/ jkfh;dJhaGg/
cdthvGh juhjkfh/ jkGgjkfh ;dJhaGg/
tcsK;d us =jkfhakGbkfh/ jkfheGgbkfh/
jkfhjuhbkfh/ juhbkfh/
tcsKd ;usay;onf =[dJjkfh akGbkfh/h
[dJjkfh eGgbkfh/ [dJjkfh juhbkfh/
tlww l v l yk of nf =zkdJlG jfga;H/
at;csr;f onf =jfgzH jfgzJ/ idtgarJbkug/h
at;csi;f ='kukJ ktruh ,kfhsky lfgzkG/
atmf[pfonf =Gouh Gbkug/
atmfonf =Gouh/
atmfvH =cyg;ygjF/
atmif;onf =tIh (jfgcdfh tIh iwKh)/ ugmu
kJgaHh/
atmif;tif;onf =zkdJhvdf iG[uh/
zkdJhvdfh/ zkdJvdfhsky/
tif; =afgofg rfhadJg/ odJhsu/
tif;csonf =[dfgjkfh afgofg rfhadJg/ fgbFh fgiGg/
tHwo k nf =[yhzGhcFg/ GakatcFg/ zuhaGgcFg/ tðytrl =jkGgbkJg,kug ;kdthoJg/
tHth m;oifo h nf =jfglkfg vdJ,kF/ jkGgakHakf rHrkdfg ;kdthoJg/
vdJiHg vdJigG/ tmrcHonf =th;kdfg a;kKgsky/ thbfg
trf;onf =zyh (zyhvdJidf rFh,mGg)/ a;kKgsky/ ,kFJgsky/
tkyzf ;Hk onf =;kHgey;kKh/ ,dugey;kKh/ tusKd t-um; =fgl;Kh fgl;Gg/
oKey;kKh/ katey;kKh/ tem*wf =fgsuglkfh/ cdJ fgsuglkfh/ fgsug
tkyaf qmif; =jkGgvHg[K/ vHg[K/ jkGg;kJ jfgoFh/
jfga;muhey/ tpOftvdu k f =jfgakatg odth jfgakatg/
tky&f pS yf if =iwKgrygy bkK/ tvk&d o Sd nf =iJ,kF skyeGg/
tkyzf o JG nf =ugaH l;K;Hh/ ugl;K;Hh/ t&m =jkGg [t/
ugl;K vdJh;Hh/ ugzFh;Hh/ tuGuf =fg[fh/
tkzH o
JG nf =edfodfg fgl;kdtg/ ug sf tEkjrL =cyxybFg/
fgl;kdtg/ tvdq k EN =jkGgiJ,kF iJ;kKh/
tkv
H monf =kdfhulg ;K/ kdfhl;K t*~&d wf =jkGgrkdfhoJg cyxylrkug/
jfgqkfg/ tud;k tum; =jkGg;kJ bdfeFh fgrK/
tke;f yif =bfHgbkK/ tmrcHcsuf =tha;kKgl;y/ jkGth
tJcsi;f =kJktruh ugbdJh/ a;kKgl;y/ jkGg,kFJg skyl;y/
tHomG ; =vHgvGg/ trlt&m =jkGgzkdJzkdf ,kugoJg
(bkw)f tDoH =oHgodJhlkKg lrkfg/ ;kdth/ jkGgakHakf rHrkdfg
tppftrSef =fgzG fgeGg/ fgzG fgjuh/ ,kugoJg;kdth/
trSepf ifppf =fgjuh fgeGg ;fgauh/ tmwkr+ =jkGg[yh zGhcFg/ jkGgG akatcFg/
tðyoabmaqmifonf =bkJ;kdthoJg [t jkGgzuh aGgcFg/
;kJomkuh nGodfg/ tue@t f oe@f =jkGgeJh jkFhjkfh ugsJg/
t"du =fgvfh cdJ;t/ fgrJg [Hg;t/ fg;ug jkGgeJhjkFh jfg[Fg ugsJg
[Hg;t/ fgjuh [Hg;t/ t&G,f =fg[Hg/
t,lco H nf =vdfamkyh nmyhodfg/ txl; =;t/ ;ta;Kh/
amkyhodfgnmyh/ twGuf =fgpJh/
toGit f jyif =skJ,kug fgjkGg;kdth/ tumtuG,f =jkGgjfg[duh jfgskfh/
skJ,kug ;kdthoJg/ jkGgjfgakGg jfg[duhsky/ jkGgbkJg
tcsuf tvuf =fgbFh ;fgcf/ fgl;y ;fgcf/ jfg[duh jkfh[yhsky/
120
tukov kd f =emykdfh rdfjug/
emykdfhzkdJh/
tukov kd tf usKd K;ayonf =emykdfh rdfjug
[dJomkuhemy rdfjug/ emykdfh
zkdJh [dJomkuh emyzkdJh/
tu,fpifppf =fgbkfh ;fgauh/ fgbkfh
fgzG juheGg ;fgauh/
tuJjzwfcsuf =;fhcfh jfg,Jg eJhjkFh
bdfl;y/
tcGet
f aumuf =fgbug fgrfh/
taumif;jrif0g' =bdfodJg [t fgrdf
rdua;uh/ bdfodJgjF ;kJrdf
rdua;uh/
tusKd ;quf =omkuhemy zygzFh/ jkGg;kJ
omkuhemy l;Jgkdfh/ jkGg;kJ
omkuhl;Jgkdfh/
tauG@taumuf =fgjfgaKh jfgakfg/
fgakGaKh akGakfg/
tusKd ;w&m; =jkGgomkuhemy zKjkJg/
tusKd ;tjrwf =jkGgomkuhemy fgjkGg
omkuhnGoJg/
tusO;f csKKyf =jkGgzmygnkatg/ jkGgeJgnkatg/
tus,w f 0ef;az: jyonf =lkugoJg
;kdth;kdf/ lkugoJg;kdth;yh
;kdfoJg/
t}uHtOm%f =jkGgzdfg jfgskJg/
t}uHay;tzGJ =lrkGg[dJ jkGgzdfg
jfgskJg fgl;K/
t}uHðycsuf =[dJ jkGgzdfg jfgskJgl;y/
ta-umif;rJh =jkGgrJg ugjug/ bkJgedJg/ fgrJg
fgadfh ugjug/ fgrJg eKhedJg/
121
ta-umif;&if; =jkGgrJg vfhcdJ/
tºuGi;f rJh =jkGguag dfh jfgztjug/ ;kKhl;yh/
;kfjfga;yg/
t-uyftwnf; =jkGgjfgzKg jfgzdJh/
jkGglkdf jkGgcGh/
t-urf;zuf0g' =jkGgbkJg vfhaGg rdua;uh/
jkGbkJg zkdJhzkFg rdua;uh/
jkGgbkJg kfhvfhaGg rdua;uh/
t-urf;zufonf =bkJgkfh vfhaGg/
bkJgzkdJh bkJgzkFg/
tcrJh =fgarfh/ jkGgbkJgarfh/
jkGg[dJarfh/
tcuftcJ =fglkdf fgcGh/ jkGglkdfh
jkGgcGh/
tcif;tusi;f =jkGg[Gh;kdfg vfh;kJ
;kJug/ vfh;kJ [Gh;kdfg/
tcdu
k f =jfgl;tgnH fgvGh/ eyh fgvGhsdtg/
tcdik f =fgnkath/ fgzkK
tzD; -fgidJg/
tcef;quf =jkGgzmyg l;mkuhoFh fgbkfh/
fgbkfh zyhzFh/ fg[K fgjkGg zyhzFh/
tcsi;f jzpfymG ;onf =jkGga;dJ'fh vdJh;Hh
omkuhodfg/
tcsi;f 0uf =rfgqkfg fg;kdf jfgamkug/
tcsn;f ES;D jzpfonf =omkuhjkFh[Jh/ fgjkFh[Jh/
tcsed f =cdtvGh/ fgcdt fgvGh/
tcsed q f o
JG nf =zmygfcg dt fgvGh/
tcsed ðf zef;onf =bkJg;kKhadfh cdtvGh/
tcsKyfum; =;kuhzG [dfg lrkGgjkfhoKh/
tcsKyftcsmydik o f rRwEdik if H =vHgzKa;uh
odJhakJ [t jGhsky ,Jglrkug
 [Hga;kKg/ tqifah vsmo h nf =eJgjkfh,dug fgjku/
tacG =efgrFgqkFg/ fgjfgqkKg/ jfgqkKg/ eJgjkfh,dug fgbkfh/ ;fgef
tiSg; = fgndJvdfh/ fg[dJvdfh/ jkfhadfh fgjku/
fgndJ;kuh/ fg[dJ;kuh/ fgndJeKg/ taqmufttkH =jkGgcKodfg ugl;K ugzFh/
fg[dJeKg/ jkGg[dJvdfh/ jkGgulg ;K ugzFh/ fgl;K fgl;kdtg/
jkGgvdfhjkfh/ taqmuftOD; =jkGgcKodfg kygndfh/
til=fgoFhzdth/ fgoFh zdthoJg/ jkGgoFh kyg[Hg ndfhoHh/ jkGgcK odfgu/g
zdthoJg/ taqmif =jkGgiJ;kGg ugsky/ jkGglku
tjiif;yGm;r+ =jkGgoJ jkGgarkdf/ skyskJ(idf sf ugsky ;kKlkug)/
tpðyonf =vfhcdJ zfodfg/ jkGg;kJ ugardth skyskJ/
tpm =cGgJ/g tqifo h monf =fgjku ifhrdfh;t/ fgjku
tpD&ifccH suf =jfgryg [dfg;kdth odfg;t/
odfgl;y/ tqift h wef; =fgjku fgbkfh/ fgjku fgjfh/
tpDtpOfa&;qGo J nf =zmyg jkGgjfgryg/ tqpf =fgbkfh/ fg;t/ lku;t/ ;tlku/
tpkH =eGnHg/ fglkauh/ tqdyyf if =fgzFg fgl;GhbkK/
tpktykH =fgl;K fgl;Hg/ fgbkHg fgl;Hg/ tnrn =jkGgjfgomku jfgcdfg vdJh;Hh/
fgl;Hg fgnGg/ jkGgiJ;kGg zygzFh vdJh;Hh/
tpd@k ta!Smifh =fg[dfzkG fg[dfskfg/ t%kjrL =cyxy imyakH/
fg[dfzkG fgl;HoJg/ twlwuG =rkul;K;Hh/ ugrku ugl;K;Hh/
tpuf =fgbGh/ fgl;Kg/ fgl;KgadJg/ ugjktl;K vdJh;Hh/ rkuvdJh;Hh/
tpufajymuf =fgadJg cfl;Kg/ twkc;kd onf =bdfeFhbkJg/ bdfeFhkatg/
tcef;vku d f =fg[K sf fgjGh/ fgbkfh sf fgjGh/ tawmfq;Hk =fg[Gg;t/ zkdf[Gg;t/
fgjku sf fgjGh/ twkcd sKyf =jkGgbkJg jkFhnkatg/ jkGgeJg
tpnf; =fga;Kh jfg;Hh/ jkGga;Kh jkFhnkatg/
jfg;Hhlh ;K/ twk;d E+e;f =Godfg ,kGglmy/ fglmy Godfg/
tpGe;f =fgoFh;t/ twif;tzsi;f =kJlkyhbmkyg iyodJh/
tqkad wmf =lrkGgktru bfgrdfg/ [df,kug lkugbmkyh/
tqkðd ycsuf =kJcug omkuhl;y/ twkid yf ifcH =;kJvdf [tgpfhcFg/
tqk;d jrif0g' =bdfodJg jF fgrdfjug twdik yf ifctH zGhJ =;kJvdf [tgpfhcFg fgl;K/
rdua;uh/ twdwu f mv =cdthvGh [t fg jfg;mku
tqufrjywf =zygzFh/ ;fgjkFhjug/ adfhkK/
122
twdwef rdwf =jkGg[tg;kdth bdf;mku/
jkGg[tg ;kdth;mku/ jkGg[tg;kdth
;mkusJg/
twGJ =fgnHgzFh/ fgeGnHg/ fgeGzK/ jfgeGzK/
twGi;f pdwf =iGl;KgaHh/ iGl;Kg fgaHh/
tawmftwef =cfh;J/ cfh;kJ ;fgauh/
tawmftwef}uD;_yD =fg[Hg cfh;JkK/
txD;useb f 0 =jkGgug ifhrdfh [t ugadfh
jF[Fg jfglrkGgjdth/ ugadfh jF[Fg/
ugjF[Fg/
txufwef;vGm =lrkGgjGhug l;Ggefg/
txifrmS ;aponf -sKh jfgskJgiF/ bkJgjfg
skJiF/
txif =jkGgjfgskJg/ jkGgsJg/
xifonf =jfgskJg/ sJg/
t"du&k%;f =jkGgafgoKg akHakf cHcf/
t"dXmef =jkGgth ;kdfga;kKg/ jkGgth
a;kKgsJg/ jkGgtah ;kKg
edfhjkdfhsJg/
t"dXmefðyonf =bkJgjkGg th;kdfg
a;kKgsJg/ th;kdfg a;kKgbfg/
tha;kKg edfhjkdfhsJg/
t"dyg` ,f =fg'ku ;fgcf/
tem*wf =cdJsug jfgoFh/ fgsuglkfh jfgoFh/
tempdr;f =jkGgqfhoJg/
tem; =fgoFh/ fgvfhcdJ/
tem;,lonf =ndJ jkGguag kat/
ugakatadfh/
tEk-urf;pD;onf =jfgry ,fJg/ ,fJg
zkGskfg/
tEkynm&Sif =jkGgzkG[Gg iynG edfgzGg/
123
tEkjrLAk;H =cyxyimy byglkK/
taetxm; =jkGgug jkGgcuh/ jkGgug fgskJ/
taetxm;b,fv&kd o dS vJ =fgug fgcuh vfh;kJ
bkJnHhjJh?/ jkGgug fgskJ
bkJgnHhjJh?/ jkGgug jkGgcuh
bkJgnHhjJh/
tES@t H &om =fgskxtg bFqyg/ jkGgskxtg
bFqyg/ fgskxtg iuhruhqyg/
teuf =fg,kfh/ ;kKhl;yh fga;Gh jFjfg
akatgjdth/ fg;kKg/
tenf;i,f =jfgaKh jfgayg/ jfgaygnH/
taemuft,Suf =jkGg[yh[dfh jkfhjkFh/
tylcsed f =jkGgakHbf/ fgakHbf/
tay:,H =;yh;mug [tvHg(ayg bdf;yh
;mug [t fgvHg kJbfg)/
tydik ;f ude;f =eJharyg jkuomGgbf/
taysmcf &D; =zdtbkuga;df/
taysmw f rf;wyfom; =lrkGgomkuh
bkuga;dfhnH/ a;dJh omkuhbkug/
tysut f pD; =fgldJ fgadfh/
tjypf'%f =jkGgiF eGgcGh/
tjynft h 0 =fg;t fgefh/
tajzay;onf =[dJjkGg kJcug cFgvdJh/
kJcug cFgvdJh/
tzG@J tpnf; =fgl;K fgzFh/ fgl;K fgbkHg/
tbd"gef ='kuzkK,fh/
trltusihf =jkGgug jfgrygbkJg/
tar; ='kucHg[dfh/ jkGgcHg[dfh/
tar;tjref; =jkGgcHg[dfh cHgjkJg/
trJom; =jkGg,dJg jkGgedfg/
trde@af -ujimpm =;yg lkugoJg 'kuzky/
trde@t f m%g&o dS nf ='kuzky ,Jglrkug ug/ tr+u
d o f &du k f =fgrky fgrmuh/
ugsf 'kuzky ,Jlrkug/ trSwf =bfjJh/
trsm;tusKd K; =jkGgomkuhemy [t GlrkGg trSwt f om; =fgbf fgjJh/
fgpJh/ emy GlrkGg fgpJh/ t,lc0H ifonf =[dfgsdth ;kJamkygh
trsm;pk =GlrkGg/ GgbkHg/ nmyhodfg/ sdthamkyh nmyhodfg/
tjrwfEe_ ;f -rFh nHoJg fglmy/ t,kt H -unf =jkGg,kFJg/ jkGg,kFJg
tjrwftpGe;f -rFh nHoJ;t/ pkfJg/ jkGgzkHh jkGg,kF/
trsKd ;rsKd ; =fgztgztg/ fgbdJhbdJh/ t&m&Sad vmif; =lrkGgjfg ,Jgodfg [HgvHg
trsKd ;om;a&;0g' =lrkGg;kHgbdJh vfh;kJ/
rdua;uh/ t&m0xWK =jkfhbkxt jyhjkGg/
trsKd ;om;0wfpHk =lrkGg;kHgbdJh fgjkGgaFh ta&;}uD; =fgrJg[Hg/ fg;ug[Hg/ jkGgrJg[Hg/
jkGgidf[duh/ ta&;ygonf =jkGgrJg [Hgakath/ fg;ug
trsK;d om;jzpfjcif; =jkGgomkuh odfgaky [Hgakath/
odJhakJnH/ t&Hwyf =a;dJhakaug(amkug)sJg/
trsK;d om;jzpfjcif;Oya' =jkGgomkuh a;dJhuag kaug(amkug)/
odfgsky odJhakJnH Hlfgjyg/ t&ufysH =odJh;kKrt/ odJhcy
t_rJwrf;wyf =a;dJhzygzFh/ a;dJh[Hg/ lrkJvkatg imyodJh/
tajr‡muf =l;KlrK/ t&duk t f &m =vfh;kJ ;kJa;uh/ vfh;kJ
tajrmuf =bdJ/ bdJ[Hh/ [dfg[Hg ;kJa;uh/
tajrmuftrsm; =ugrku ugG/ ugl;Hg ugnGg/ ta&mifpHk =fg;fg fgztgztg/
fguGg / ta&miftqif; =fg;fg jkuztg/ fg;fg fgztg/
tjrwf =rFhnH/ fgnHoJg/ ta&mif;t0,f =jkGgJcg Gh Jglrkyg/
tjrwfawmfa-u; =rFhnH fgbug/ tvSnu hf say;onf =[dJjkfh eGgbkfh/
tarGtESpf =HhzGh jfg,kG/ [dJjkfh eGgkFg/ [dJjkfh sf fgkFg/
trSmpm =;ygbJg/ tm&k%f =bkK;yheHh/
trSmpum; ='kubJg/ t&yfom; =lrkGg;kHg ug[fhnH/
tr+ =fgbH fgrfg/ jkGgrJg omkuhoJg/ t&dyt f ¹rGuf =fg,kug fgxy/
tr+xrf;onf =bkJgjkGg [dfgvHg/ t&G,af &mufonf =[HgefhkK/
ndJodfg jkGg[dfgvHg/ t&Sucf o JG nf =bkJjfgrkGh/
tr+onf =lrkGg ugsf fgbH fgrfg/ lrkGg t&SLH ; =jkGg;fgzkH/
ugsf jkGgkJ eGg'ku/ tav;ðyonf =,kFpkf/ 'kKg;kdfg
124
 ,kFpkf/ tom;!Syrf e+ @f =aKbHh ,dJgl;Gg/
tvJtvS,f =jkGgjfg;Kh jfg;dfg/ tom;wiftjrwf =rFhnH ;toJg/
tvHviG o hf nf =kFodfg eGg;Gg/ cKodfg todpw d f =iGl;Kg iJpJh/
eGg;Gg/ todOm%f =jfgskJg jfgrdJh fgjkGg iJpJh/
tvkv
d u dk o f nf =;kFgarmkuh bkJbkuskyg/ tod tu|r;f =iJpJhsK vdJh;Hh/
;kFgarmkuh fg iGl;Kg/ lkujfg tokb =;kxthjkug/ ;kxth/
rdusky/ tol&u,fbHk =;kxthakJ bKrfg/
tvif;a&mif =fg;yh;fg/ fg;yhcf/ jkGg;yh taocHwyf =a;dJhvdfidJh/
fg;fg/ toHcsphJ uf =zGzyg lrkfgcdug/
tavmif; =;kxthjkug/ jkGgjfg ,Jgomkuh/ toHcu G f =;kJkJ eGgeJh/
tvpfow k of nf =ndJkatg vdJadfh/ toufu,favS =iwKga;dJh vdf[dfg
ndJkatg a;dfadfh/ omkuhlrkGg/
tvky-f urf;ESiahf xmif'%f =jkGgbkJgcKh sf touf}uD;ol =lrkGgsfg[Hg/ lrkGgsfglrkG/
oKh jkGgeGgcGh/ toif&h o dS nf =ug jfgrygsJg/
tvk;H t&if; =fgl;KzFh fgbkHg rkuG/ tok;H ðyonf =sKhJsg ky/ sKhzfg Jgsky/
fgl;Hg fgnGg/ tok;H 0ifonf =fgrdf ;kJ sKhJsg ky/ fgjuh
tv,fA[d&k f =xyaHh a;fhbJh/ fga;fh ;kJsKh zfgJsg ky/
bJhaHh/ tok;H tE+e;f =jkGgkJeGg zfgJg ;kfh'ku/
tvGef =cF;Fh/ jfg;mu cF;Fh/ jkGgsKhJg 'kuiGg/ jkGgrfh;yg
tvGoJ ;Hk pm;onf =sKhJg iFzktg/ sKhJg sKhJsg ky ;kfh'ku/
vuadfh/ zfgJg iFzktgadfh/ tonf; =idtg/
tvSnhf =aJg/ juhaJg(skGg juhbkJgaJg)/ tumo =lfgidtg ;yh;Hh/
eGkFg/ jkfhjuhaJg/ twk -fg,K fg;Jh/ bdfeFh,kug/ jkGgefeFh/
tvSnu hf sonf =juhjkfh l;tgaJg/ tmcHonf =vdfoJcFg/ jkdfharJcFg/
juhjkfhaJg/ vdfbkJgcFg/ zuhaGgcFg/ GakatcFg/
ta0;od@k =[t fg,kdJg/ tumo'k;H ysH =lfgidtg ;yh;Hh cy;H/
t0wfwefqm =;kJaFhidf jfgakxtg tmCw =iGl;Kg afg[ug/ iGl;Kgakfg/
jGgeGh/ iGl;KgcGh/
toem;cHvmG =;ygamkyh iJ,kKgodfg/ tmZenf =vHgnGh jdf,kug/ bKgbkxt
toa&zsuo f nf =bkJgldJbmkyh jdf,kug/
bkJgldJ bygiGg/ tmZenfArd mef = vHgnGh jdf,kug
125
 vfh;kJkuh/ atmufvrf;q&m =ifrf ;ugnKg/ ifrf
tm%modr;f onf =kKhl;KnJg ,Jglrkug/ fkxtnmy/
tmwdwpf uf0idk ;f =fgjyv oFhjfgqkfg/ atmufvrf;ynm =jkGg;ugnKg iynG/
tmywfajzonf =amkyhl;mkuh jkGgiF/ atmufp*D si"f gwf =KwygzdJg cyxy ;kJiG/
tm&Swu dk f =Jcdfh a;Fefg/ tdu
k pf uD;rk;d vlrsKd ; =tTwfayhbu lrkGg;kHg
tmom =jkGgiJ ,kFJg/ bdJztg/h
tm[m&"gwf =jkGgomkuhkGh omkuhrJg t*Faw =;kKomyyh uefg/
cyxy/ t*Fawudik o f nf =edf ;kKomyyh uefg/
tm;upm; =kGhrJg jkGg;fgqKh/ edf sf ;kKomyyh/
tm;usonf =iJ,kFakath/ iJ;kKhakath/ tif*sif =zG;kJ;kHg arFgarKh/
tm;ay;onf =[dJkGh/ tif*sief ,D m =lrkGgzkdf cKomkuh/
tm;jznfo h nf =bkJgefhkGh/ lrkGgzkdf zGarFgarKh/
tm;vyfcsed f =cdtvGh ugakat/ cdtvGh tifysOf =oJg;dfefg/ oJgjfgarkG/
ugauh/ tifyg,m =akJ;kdf zygzFh/
tm;vk;H aygi;f =eJgl;K ;kKhl;yh/ tifO =arFgarkdfh/
l;K;kKhl;yg/ tiftm;}uD;Ekid if H =akJkGh rJg[Hg/
tDauGwm =kJvHg [yheuh/ tif;qJy;kd r$m; =iynH arkGomkug/
tl =lrkdfh/ atmifyJG =jkGglkJodfg/ jkGgeGodfg/
tlonf =Kgbkug(omyg Kgbkug)/ atmifjrifonf =bkJgodfgeG/ bkJgomkuh
atmfajymonf =GouhkJ/ eG/ bkJlkJeG/
tHt h m;oifo h nf =jfglkfg vdJ,kF/ atmifvufrw S f =;ygbfjJh lkJodfg/
tkrd if;rpGr;f =bkxtlrkG sky;fjug/ tpPvmrf bmom =ywfg;fgb fgjkGg zKeGh/
tkv d yH pf =kJgvHg fgjkGg ;fgqKh/ tdwf =ldJh/ ldJhoKh[Hg/
tk;d xde;f onf =lrkGgedf [yhlkKg/ tdwaf xmif =zkfgoKh/
tk;d at;ppf =vfh;kJ iyidth(vfh;kJ tkwºf uGyf =ueFg arHefg/
iyidth [t odJhcG jfgbf tkwcf J =ueFg/
;fgrkHg)/ tkwjf rpf =ueFgrmy/ ueFg vfhcdJ/
tk;d pnf =oKhnGhoHh/ tE mW wdwpf uf0ikd ;f =fjfgjyv oFhjfgqkfg/
tk;d rJh tdrrf hJ =cug[h ugh kyglrG/ kyglrG ugjug/ tyf =oG/
tufonf =nGrJ/ tyfcsKyfpuf =zGcGjkGg/
atmufajc =fg;kGh vfhcdJ/ tyfEiS ;f onf =[dJjkfh a;kKgadfh/
126
tdyaf rG@csonf =fkxt;uhg ugbdJh/ fkxt
ugbdJh;uh/
tdy&f mvdyf =;kJbdJheug/
tkypf k =fga;K fgbkHg/ fgl;K fgbkHg/
tkycf sKyfonf =ltjfgry/
tkypf zk @JG onf =ugodfg sf fga;K fgbkHg/
ugl;Kodfg sf fga;K fgbkHg/
cKl;Kodfg fgl;K fgbkHg/
tdrif gS ;c =vdfhkygaGg/ kygvdfhaGg/
tdrf w
f ufr*Fvm =cKhryg odfg kygiGh/ odfg
kygiGh/
tdraf &S@rif;om; =zKndfgnH juhodfg
zKndfg vfh;kJa;uh/
at;aq;onf =fgidtg fgarJh/ fgidtg
jfgzkH/ idtgarJh
at;onf =jfgzkH jfgzdJ/ jfgzkH/
fgjfga;Hg/
at;at;aq;aq;aeonf =ugidtg ugarJh[Fg/
ugjfgzkH jfgeG[Fg/
thb
H , G f =;kJjfglkfg jkGgjfgskJg/
;kJjfglkfgg iHgiG/ jfglkfg
;kJjfgskJg/
tuQm&mocsmF =;ygl;Kg[mf/
tku
d f =akJakH/
tifyif =jfgoKhbkK/
tOD;tzsm; -fgrJ;t/
twWpw d f -iJ(iG);kKh bdfrdf
jFpJhjdth/ iJ(iG);kKh iJ,kF
jFpJhjdth/
tdrpf m =;yg;kJ akfgkt/ ;yg akfgkt [t
kyg/
127
tdraf xmif =kygndfh/ kyglrG/
tdraf xmifpk =kygndfhnH/ kygndfh nHl;K/
tdraf xmifO;D pD;ol =lrkGgltsky
kygndfhnH/
t,f'w D m =lrkGgbdfzJh jfgrygrdf ;yg/
t,f'w D mcsKyf =lrkGgbdfzJh jfgrygrdf
;yg[Hga;kKg/
tr+vyk o f nf =kJeGg sf 'ku/ kJeGg 'ku/
bkJg fgbH fgrfh/
taumufceG f -fgrfh fgbug/
tausmay;onf -[dJ;trJ fgbf/
tusiyhf gonf -ug sf ;kJa;uh jfgrygbkJg/
tus,cf sKyf -jkGglkFnmyh/ jkGglkF
[Knmyh/
tusn;f wef -bkxteHhbkdf/ nGheHhbkdf/
skJ,kug eHhbkdf/
t=urf;buftyk cf sKyfonf -ltjfgry sf
jkGgbkJg vfhaGg/
taºuG; -skxtcHg/ cHg/
tcdu
k f -eyhsdtgvGh/ eyhfvg Gh/
tcsL;d -fgakG/ fgbkfh/ eGbkfh/
tcsK@d -jfga;Ka;K/ jfgkJgkJg/
tcsuaf y;onf -bkJglrkfg;kdth/
tcspf -iJ(iG);kKh bkugsky/
iJ(iG),kF bkugsky/
tcspaf wmf -;kJbkugsky/
tcsn;f ES;D jzpfonf -fg omkuhjFh[Jh/
tcsn;f ES;D bJ -fg jFh[JhlrG/
tcsed ef m&D -zGjfgrkyh cdtvGh/
tcsed rf pS I -zfodfg cdtvGh eyhsdtg/
tcsed t f ydik ;f tjcm; -cdtvGg fgjkGg
 eJhadJhvu/ cdtvGh fgl;Gg/ ugjug/
tcsKyftcsmtm%mydik v f w G vf yfaomeKdiif aH wmf twkvyk jf cif; -jkGgbdfeFh bkJgoJg fg,K
-odJh;kJ akJvHg eGgeFg;fh [t fg;Jh/
jGhsky ,Jglrkug a;kKgbfg/ tawmrowfeidJ af om -[t ;kJeJg jfg[Fg
tajcusonf -uga;kKg cKbfg/ eGjug/
tcGióhf uH óuduof nf -jkfhcFg ndJsky tawmftoifh -cf;kJ jfgayg(fg ugcf;kJ
fgvmf/ jfgayg)/
tajccHjzpfonf -fg omkuh vfhcdJ twdak umufpmvk;H -;ygl;Kgnkatg/
;kJa;uh/ twkid ;f twm -fg[Hg fg;kdf/ jkGgjJh fg[Hg
tpma=uaq; -jkGgvHg bkJgbFg cGg/ fg;kdf/
tpmiwfcq H ENjyjcif; -vdfugqkyh rK twGi;f a&;jzpfaom -jkGrJgg [t fgaHh
[tg;kdthodfg ;kJiJ(iG),kF/ jfgadJh/ fgaHh jkGgrJg/
tpmacsonf -iKnkathl;Gg/ bkJgbFg cGg/ tawmtwGi;f -eyhsdtg fgvGh/ eyh
tpm;xk;d onf -eJgsdth;dJh/ eJsdth fgvGhsdtg/
;dJhaGg/ tawmftwef -;fgauh cf;kJ(ugG ;fgauh
tpmra=ua&m*g -cGgJg bFgjug jkGgcmy/ cf;kJ)/
tpmtdrf -nkath/ t"dyg` ,zf iG q hf cdk suf -jkGglkugoJg fg;fg
tpmtdrfa&m*g -nkathjkGgcmy/ cfl;y/
tapmift h a&Smufcw H idk ;f jynff -odJhakJ tem;uGyf -fgoFh jfgqkfg/
vdfeGg jkGgulg kK akdJhsky/ tEl -jkGgcmy oJgjH/
tprf;avhusirhf _ -jkGgzfh bkJgarduh teHtvsm; -fg;kdf fgoHh/
(armkuh) jfgrygrJ/ teH@co H nf -skxtgidfh/ vdf;kFg
tpGe;f a&mufol -lrkGg jfgskJglkGh skxtgidfh/
jfgadJhjdth/ tESyd o
f nf -lrkGgzyg/
tqkt d rde@f -jkGgkJeGg fg'kuzky/ taygiq f ikd f -a;G;kJ lKJg/
taqmifta,mif -fgvdJh ;kJarduh taygiyf pPn;f -jkGgakat lKJg/
(armkuh) ugjfgryg/ typftcwf&yfp&J efoabmwlncD suf -;kJvG
tqkwaf &m*g -iHgjkGgcmy/ vdJhlfh ;Hhjug iGl;Kg sdthaHhl;y/
tqdyaf jyaq; -jkGgvHg ,fgubg kJ fgzFg tygwpf Of -lkaujfg cyh[yh/ lkaujfgsmyh/
fgl;kG/ tjypfz@dk onf -[dfg jkGgiF/
tqk;H tpr&Sad om -[t fgvfhcdJ fgjfg[Fg tjyeftvSepf um; -'ku [tgpfh akfgvdJh
128
 kdfhpJh;Hh/ tvSL&Sif -jkGgbkJg;Hh edfzGg/
tzkd -fgnGh/ tvSqD -iHl;kKskJ/
tzsm;&SLH ;oGm;onf -fgvdJh zdthvdJhadfh/ t0Dpw d iG ;f -odJha;Fg/
tar;tajz -'kucHg[dfh 'kulkugcFg/ tom;rm -fg jfgl;Kg lrdJhoJg/
trsKd ;jcif;wlonf -fga;mkyh idf;Hh/ tom;0ga&m*g -nf,dJgedfh jkGgcmy/
fgbdJh fgztg idf;Hh/ todynm -jkGgiJpJh iynG/
trsK;d rsK;d tpm;pm;jzpfaom -[t fgomkuh toHwek o f nf -fg lrkfg jfgpkfh/ 'ku
fgbdJhbdJh fgztgztg/ jfgpkfh/
tarsmt f jrif&pdS mG -ugsf jkGgbdfodJg toHviG o hf nf -l;mkuhlrkfg akxthoJg/
jfgskJg ,kdJg;fh/ touf -jkGgiG omkuhlrkGg/ fgsfg/
tarSmifcs jcif; -jkGgeJgjkfh vyadfh/ touf&u l syo f nf -iG iG[Fg/ iGjfgzdJh/
trSww f &ypPn;f -jkGhbkxt jyhjkGg touf&n S o f nf -fgsfgoHh/ fgomkuhlrkGg
;kJiJ skJodfg/ pkJh/
trSw&f aponf -bkJg;kJ jkuhsky/ tgugo,Ofvw G wf ifonf -l;mkuhakxth
ta& cGv H o J nf -fg jfgl;mu fgaKh/ fg odfg iKhnKh ;y;Hh [t lfgidtgvHg/
jfg;dfg fgnf/ tgacgif -akdfhaHh/
ta& jym; -fg,dJgnf/ tm;enf;onf -kGhzkG/
ta&;w}uD;ud pP -jkGgrJg rJg[Hg jGhpJh/ tg;ay;ESpo f rd ohf nf -[dJ kGh bkJgbkuhsky/
t&d;k pk -armyarfhl;K/ armyarfhl;Hg/ tgv;l -ardtgjfg;Hh/
ta&mifc|wo f nf -bkJgl;yhadfh fg;fg/ tl -lrkfh/
ta&mifu|wo f nf -fg;fg ;fglku/ tlonf -Jgbkug/
t&nfaysmo f nf -fgodJh zkHg/ tlusa&m*g -lrkfhjkfh jkGgcmy/
t&SL;H ay;0g' -vdf;fgzkH rdua;uh/ [dJgjkfh jkGgcmy/
tvdak wmf&d -lrkGg arduhlku oKgsky/ tHth m;oifo h nf -jfglkfg vdJ,kF/
tvdyf -fgeug jfga;Hh/ jfga;Hh/ tHt
h m;oifo h nft h csuf -jfglkfg vdJ,kF
tvkycf e@o f nf -sKhjkfha;kKg jkGgbkJg/ l;y/
tvkycf iG f -jkGgbkJaHh/ tufoH -lrkfgnG/ 'ku lrkfgnG/
tvkyx f w k yf pfonf -sKhoJgadfh jkGgbkJg/ fglrkfgnG/
tvky&f iS f -jkGgbkJg edfgzGg/ t*Fvyd v f rl sL;d -aHh;fheHh lrkGg;kHg
tvk;H pkH -lkauhjfgztg/ ;kKhl;yh/ bdJhztg/
tvSjyifqikd f -a;G jfgryg jkduhskJ/ t*F0Zd m… twwf -;fhcfh eJhadJh skJ,kug
129
 fgjkGzkdf/ {u&mZfrif; =zKndfg vHg[Hg/
atmifEikd o f l -lrkGgcflkJ/ {&mr =[HgpfgzkK/
atmifo, G f -nHzkKg/ {uefrck s =bkfhjkfhjkJg/ bkfh;fgauh/
tdwf -ldJh/ ldJhoKh/ {nfóh udonf =GcFg cyhlkdJ/
tdwaf xmif -zkfgoKh/ {nfch o
H nf =bdfvmGgcFg cyhlrkdJ/
tefpw H ;Hk -nfarmy/ {nfch ef; =cyhlrkdJ[K/
tyfcsnóf ud; -;dtg;kJcG/ {nfah *[m =cyhlrkdJ kygkuh/
tdycf ef; -;kJbdJh[K/ {nf0h wfa-uonf =bdfvmGgcFg cyhlrkdJ
tdyaf q; -jkGgvHg ugbdJh/ ;tefh/
tdrcf ef; -kyg[KaHh/ {u&D =zKndfg kuhvfhbkxt/
tdraf xmifonf -lrkGg jkfhkyg jkfhlrG/ {&d,m =jkGgjfg qkfg;kdfaHh/ jfgqkyh
lrkGg ugsf nHbJh nHqkGg/ jfgqkfg fg;kdfaHh/
tdraf z: -lrkGg lkKardth kyg/
O
T
O =fg[dJg/ fgjkdJ/
T =dJh/ nHhdJh/ Oonf =[dJgoJg/ jkdJoJg/
TuJo h @dk =nHhdJhrK/ Oa%Smuf =vHga;KskKh/
Tòrd@ =qkyhdJh/ Oyrm =fgrK/
Tae&m =vfh;kJ eydJh/ Owk =;GhiGg/
Tr# =efdJh/ Oyk'af pmifoh nf =uglkK [kxtg/ [kxtg/
Tta-umif;a-umifh =dJhfg rJgadfh OuUX =vHgzK/
vHgvdJh/ Oya' =Hlfgjyg/ ;kfh'ku tha;kKg/
TuJo h jhkd zpfv#if =aygomkuh nHhdJhrK/ 'ku,kHhzK/
Tr#avmufeiS hf =sf efdJhbfg/ Oya'-urf; =Hlfgjyg iyidthlfh/h ;kfh'ku
Todjhk zpfI =bkJnHh dJhrK/ tha;kKg iyidthlfh/ 'ku,kHhzK
iyidthlfh/
{ Oya'u|r;f usio f l =lrkGg zkdflkJ Hlfg
jyg/ lrkGg zkdflkJ ;kfh'ku
{u =kJgvHg vfh;kJ;kdf/ jfg;kdf/ tha;kKg/ lrkGg zkdflkJ
sdJh;kdf/ 'ku,kHhzK/
130
Oya'csK;d azguo f nf =bkJgl;uhldJ Hlfgjyg/ Oayguo f nf =nHnG/
bkJl;uhldJ ;kfh'ku tha;kKg/ Orifv% dk af cgi;f =cugaHhoHh/ ;kfhaHhoHh/
bkJgl;uhldJ 'ku,kHhzK/ O,smOf =jfgrGnGg/
Oya'ESiq hf e@u
f sio
f nf =cfaug sf Hlfgjyg/ O,smOfrLS ; =lrkGgbdf vmGgsky jfgrGnGg/
cfaug sf ;kfh'ku tha;kKg/ Oa&mywku d f =dHrulf a;Fhefg/
cfaug sf 'ku,kHhzK/ O0yfonf =katsky [dJg/
Oya'ðytm%g =,Jglrkug ;kJrfhzmyg Oo#pyf if =iwKgry ybkK/
Hlfgjyg/ ,Jglrkug ;kJbkJgomkuh O-o =zG;kJ zmyglrkfg/
;kfh'ku tha;kKg/ ,Jglrkug O-oiSuf =oHglyhlu/ oHg[yhlu/
;kJbkJgomkuh 'ku,kHhzK/ Oya'jyXmef;a&; -jkGg[dfg;kdth lkugoJg
Oya'abmif =Hlfgjyg jfgqkfg fgaHh/ Hlfgjyg/
;kfh'ku tha;kKg jfgqkfg fgaHh/ Oya'jyKvGwaf wmf -l;Fl;uh fgjkGg
'ku,kHhzK jfgqkfg fgaHh/ rfhzmygoJg Hlfgjyg/
Oya'yg&*lb@JG =Hlfgjyg fgjkGg zkdf[Gg Oya'jyKtzGhJ -lrkGg rfhzmyg Hlfgjyg
vHg;t jfgrdJh a;kKgbfg/ ;kfh'ku fgl;K/
tha;kKg fgjkGg zkdf[Gg vHg;t Oya'rJw h idk ;f jynf -Hlfgjyg jkdt;JgakJ/
jfgrdJh a;kKbfg/ 'ku,kHhzK
fgjkGg zkdf[Gg vHg;t jfgrdJh OD;
a;kKgbfg/
Oya'r[m0dZm… bG@J =Hlfgjyg fgjkGgzkdf OD;acgi;f =vHga;K/
[Gg[Hg jfgrdJh a;kKgbfg/ ;kfh'ku OD;csKd =fgskKg/
tha;kKg fgjkGg zkdf[G[Hg jfgrdJh OD;aqmifðyvkyo f nf =,kHhlt jfgrygbkJg/
a;kKgbfg/ 'ku,kHhzK fgjkGg bkJedfkFh/ ltedfkFh/
zkdf[G[Hgg jfgrdJh a;kKgbfg/ OD;aqmifonf =lt,kHh/
Oya'0dZm… bG@J =Hlfgjyg fgjkGg zkdf[Gg OD;wnfonf =;kJzdtjuh/ ;kJ;kHgjuh/
jfgrdJh a;kKgbfg/ ;kfh'ku tha;kKg OD;wnf&mvrf;a-umif; =a;df [t
fgjkGg zkdf[Gg jfgrdJh a;kKgbfg/ ;kJzdtjuh/
'ku,kHzK fgjkGg zkdf[Gg jfgrdJh OD;xkyf =vHga;mkuh/
a;kKgbfg/ OD;aESmuf =vHga;KskKh/
Oy"d&yk f =skJa;kK,kug fgjkGg ;kdthoJg/ OD;a& cGH =vHga;Knf/
OyuQmðyonf =ndJiGgjug/ bdfeGvHg/ OD;}uD; =nGh[Hg;t/
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OD;av; =nGh[Hg/ I
OD;aqmifvyk o f nf =lt,kHh bkJgedfkFh/
OD;onf =skyeGg rJ;t/ fgrJ;t/ fgpJh;t/ I =rK/ sdtgrK/ dJhrK/
OD;zsm; =fgvHg;t/ fgrJ;t/
OD;a& = fgodJh rJ;t/ skJlrkGg/
Y
jkGg[dfbf [t ugefjJh/ Y =eyhsdtg/ eyhdJh/ sdtg/ vGhsdtg/
ODaqmiftzG@J -lrkGglt,kHh fgl;K/
OD;pD;tzG@J -lrkGglt ,kHhsky fgl;K/
ÁajE
OD;aqmifr_ -jkGglt,kHh/ ÁajEN -jkGgcfhlrkG cfhoKh/ jkGgzkdJ

. cfhlrkG/ jfgrdJh cfhlrkG/

. =Gg/ fgjGh/ fgjkGg/

-o
-o0g' ='kujkuhbf/ 'kukJidu/
-o0g'ay;onf =[dJ 'kujkuhbf/
-obmay;onf =jfgardth jfgarkG
oHgiGodfg/
-oZm ='kujfgrdJh/
-oZm&So
d nf =ug sf 'kujfgrdJh/
'kujfgrdJh ug/
-oZmvGr;f onf ='kujfgrdJh ;kHgey/
-oZmoD; =iwKgiGg jfglrH/
-oZmtm%g ='kujfgrdJh ,Jglrkug/
-oZmtm%g&o dS nf =ug sf 'kujfgrdJh
,Jglrkug/
-obmoH =jkGgoHg iGodfg fgjkGlrkfg/
oHgiG odfglrkfg/

132
jkGg , kHh ; kdth afg d fh ;kyg ' ku fg ; fg c f sf afg d fh ;kyg ' ku/

afgdfh ;kygnH bfg fg;yg fg;kGg ugjug [t afg;Hlfh rK jkGgrfhbf rfhjJh 'ku
lrkfgoJg sdtg fg ugjug/ nHhsdtgrK zkHhiJkJ lrkfgoJgsdtg fg ugzkdflrG/ [t zkHhiJkJ
lrkfgoJgsdtg lrkfgoJg vu;Hh jfgaKh jfgayg jfg[tgrK fg;ku ;fgcfsdtg fg idf;HhlrG/
fgrK-
K-iGsf iJ. lrkGgjfglrkGg sdtg vuhpkf fg kJ sf iGarFh;fh.h cdJlkfh fg
kJ sf iJarFh;fh lrG/ vuhpkf fg kJ sf iG,kKgsky. cdJlkfh fg kJ sf iJ,kKgsky
lrG/ vuhpkf fg kJ sf iG,kF. cdJlkfh fg kJ sf iJ,kF lrG/ nHhsdtgrK iG sf
iJ sdtg fg lrkfgoJg vu;Hh jfgayg jfg[tgrK sKgJg fg'ku ;fgcfbfg idf;HhlrG/
K-cygl;G sf cHgl;G. lrkGgjfglrkGg sdtg vuhpkf fg kJ sf lkHcygl;G.
fgrK-
cdJlkfh fg kJ sf lkHcHgl;G lrG/ nHhsdtgrK cygl;G sf cHgl;Gbfg fg'ku ;fgcf
idf;HhlrG/ jfg[tgrK jkGgnH jkGg;dJgsdtg fgskxt fgcHg ugjugrK sKhJg sf cygl;G.
lrkGg;kHgsdtg ugsf fgskxt fgcHgrK sKhJg sf cHgl;Gbfg fgrdflrG/
K-zK sf wK. lrkGgjfglrkGg sdtg vuhpkf fg kJ sf zKbfgrdfg. cdJlkfh
fgrK-
fgkJ sf wKbfgrdfg nHhsdtgrK zK sf wK bfg fg'ku ;fgcf idf;HhlrG/ jfg[tgrK wK
sdtgbfg kJeGgzkdf lfgaFh fg'ku rKjF lkugoJg suglrG/ zK sdtgbfg afgdfh ;kyg'ku
[tsHg [tifglfh nHhsdtgrK sKhJg zK bfg fgjuh fgeGg a;KhlrG/
lkGg afgdfh ;kygnH bfg jfg[Kh sf jfg[Kh fgjkGg kJeGg bfg fg lrkfgoJg vu;Hh
jkGgkJ -eGg zmygodfg zmyg;kdfg vu;Hh. jkGgkJeGg jfg;kfh vu;HhlrG/ sKJg idf;Hh
;ygl;Kgbkxt jfg[tgrK sKhJg lrkfgbkxt sf lrkfgnH sdtgrK jFfglrkfg oJgvulrG/
jfgnkat jfgvdfg bfg sKhJg vu;Hh ;ygl;Kgbkxt jfg[tgrK fg'ku ;fgcf idf;Hh bfg fg
ugzkdflrG/
fgrK-
K-[dJ sf dJ. jfg[Kh[Kh bfg fg kJ sf [dJ qfh. jfg[Kh[Kh bfg fg kJ sf dJ
qfh lrG/ nHhsdtgrK [dJ sf dJ bfg fg;fgcf idf;HhlrGg/
fgrKK-,Kh sf dKh. jfg[Kh[Kh bfg fg kJ sf fg ,KhpfgzkK. jfg[Kh[Kh bfg fg kJ sf fg
dKhpfgzkK. nHhsdtgrK ,Kh sf dKh bfgf'g ku ;fgcf idf;HhlrG/
fgrK-
K-qy sf lmy. jfg[Kh[Kh bfg fg kJ sf jfgayh jfgqy. jfg[Kh[Kh bfg fg kJ sf
jfgayh jfglmy. nHhsdtgrK qy sf lmy bfg fg;fgcf idf;HhlrG/
K-bdf sf bkfg. jfg[Kh[Kh bfg fg kJ qfh bdf. jfg[Kh[Kh bfg fgkJ qfh bkfg.
fgrK-
nHhsdtgrK bdf sf bkfg bfg fg;fgcf idf;HhlrG/

afgdfh ;kygnH sdtg jfgbth sf jfgbth. vfh;kJ jfgnug sf jfgnug sdtg fgjkGg
kJeGg lrkfgoJg vu;HhlrG/ sKhJg idf;Hh ;ygl;Kgbkxt jfg[tgrK sKhJg lrkfgbkxt.

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lrkfgnHsdtg fgvu;Hh lrG/ aygbdf 'ku lrkfgoJg vu;Hhbfg fg ug idthztg/ 'kuzyskxth.
'kuzyodfg. sf 'kuzyoJg lrG/ 'kuvfhcdJ ;ygl;Kgbkxt bfg idf;Hh jfg[tgrK
sKhJvg u lrkfgbkxt. lrkfgnH rKjF lrkfgoJg vu;HhlrG/
K-ekxt. et. sf euh. 'kuzyskxth kJ sf ekxt jfg[dfg. 'kuzyodfg kJ
fgrK-
sf et jfg[dfg. 'kuzyoJg kJsf euh jfg[GglrG/ nHhsdtgrK ekxt. et. sf euh
fg;fgcf idf;HhlrG/
fgrK-
K-nkath. nthlrkGgvHh. sf nkuh. 'kuzyskath kJ sf nkayhbkxtlrkG.
'kuzyodfg kJ sf nthlrkGgvHh bkxtlrkG. 'kuzyoJg kJ sf nkuhbuglrkGg lrG/
nHhsdtgrK nkath. nth. nkuh sdtgbfg fg;fgcf idf;HhlrG/
fgrK-
K-bkxt. bt. sf bug. 'kuzyskxth kJ sf qfhbkxt. 'kuzyodfg kJ sf
qfhbt. 'kuzyoJg kJ sf qGhbuglrG/ nHhsdtgrK bkxt. bt. sf bkug sdtgbfg fg;fgcf
idf;HhlrG/
afgdfh ;kyg'ku bfg 'ku [t fg lrkfgoJg vu;Hh jfg[tgrK fg;fgcf idf;Hh. 'ku
[t fg lrkfgoJg atrkGh idf;Hh jfg[tgrK fg'ku ;fgcf vu;Hhsdtg fg ugG ;uhlrG/
'kuzyskxth. 'kuzyodfg. sf 'kuzyoJg bfg fg lrkfgoJg vu;Hh jfgaKh jfgayg jdthlrG/
Gjfgayg jkGgsKhJg idf;Hh ;ygl;Kgbkxt. jfg[tgrK sKhJg lrkfgbkxt sf lrkfgnH
sdtg fgvu vdJh;Hh rK jFlrkfg vuvdJh ;HhlrG/ nHhsdtgrK aygrfh oJg;kKh sf 'ku
dJh idthztg

bfg fglkdfh ;fhlrG/ nHhsdtg fgvHg fgvdJh W;ygl;K lkugoJg bkdfg'ku ;fgcf
sf afgdfh ;kyg'kuE
kuEdJh jfg[dJ fgaHh sdtg rfhoJg lrGjF sf 'kuzyskxth jdthlrG/
nHhsdtgrK lrkGg kJeG 'kuzyodfg. 'kuzyoJg iyhjfgkJg. nHh atiJ pJhrdf fg'ku
;fgcf sdtg bdf;fgkdfh eyh ;yg dJh jfg[dJ fgaHh eyh W'ku [t fglrkfgoJg vu;Hh
jfg[tgrK Hh sKhJg idf;Hh fg'ku ;fgcfE sdtg eyh ;ygefg bfjuh( ) sdtg jfgayg/

134