Integration of Metabolism Study Guide

1. For each of the following organ systems, list the preferred fuel source in the fed state
(after a meal) and in the starved state after 12 hr fasting, and in the starved state after 3-
day fasting. Also list the major fuel store of the organ or organ system, major fuels that
are exported to other organs, and the major metabolic function of the organ.

Liver
Adipose tissue
Skeletal muscle
Heart
Brain

[The answer is found on slide 3 of the powerpoint]

2. What are the major metabolic control points regulating:

Glycolysis (see slide 6, 8, 9)
Gluconeogenesis (slide 7, 8)
Fatty acid synthesis and breakdown (slide 10)

3. Briefly describe the 4 major ways that glucagon, acting upon the liver, results in
increased blood glucose. (see slide 11). [This has actually been a test question in past
years].

4. What are the four major classes of hormones, with regard to the type of chemical
compound that comprises the hormone (slide 15)? What do the terms “autocrine,
paracrine, and endocrine” refer to?

5. Describe how Epinephrine, binding to the β -adrenergic receptor, brings about

activation of protein kinase A. (slide 22).[ This has been tested in the past].

6. Describe how Ghrelin, PYY3-36, Leptin, and Insulin act upon neurons in the acurate
nucleus to control feeding behavior. (slide 30).