PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION OF THE

ENVIRONMENT
*Balance in nature is a condition in which all the naturally occurring
processes are in balance with one another

* a balanced condition also exists in interactions between organisms and

organism and their environment.

* naturally occurring cycles that maintain the balance in nature include :

1.the nitrogen cycle

2.the carbon cycle

3. The water cycle

THE NITROGEN CYCLE

-nitrogen content in natrure can be maintained through ______________

- nitrogen in atmosphere is converted into _______________ that can be

used by living organism
-Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and lightning fix nitrogen in the atmosphere
while denitrifying bacteria,returns nitrogen into atmosphere.
THE CARBON CYCLE
1. * carbon dioxide gas in atmosphere is absorbed by green plants for the
_________________process.
* Carbon element is converted into carbon compounds (organic
compound)in plant tissues such as carbohydrate ,protein and fat.

- Maintain ____________________content in the atmosphere. 2. * when organic compound are eaten,the carbon elements is converted
- Carbon element in atmosphere is removed ,transferred through into _________________
organism and finally returned to the ________________

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3. carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere when plants and 2.* water vapour in the atmosphere gathers to form ___________
animals carry out _____________________process.
* clouds condense and eventually they falls as __________or snow
4.* when plants and animals die,plant residue and animals carcasses are
decomposed into ________through _________________process by
3.* water from rivers and underground streams flow back into the sea.
decomposers such as bacteria and fungi (microorganisms). * plants use water to survive.
* carbon dioxide that is released returns to the atmosphere.

5.Plants and animals that are buried underground trasnsform into fuel
such as charcoal,_________,_________,and natural gas over million of
years. Fuel combustion brings carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.

Carbon + oxygen -------------- carbon dioxide

WATER CYCLE

1. water is needed by oil organisms for their survival.

2.the balanced of water in nature is maintained through

___________________

1. * water is released into the atmosphere through:

(a) evaporation (formation of water vapour)

(b)transpiration (occurs in green plants)

* apart from that, water is also released into the atmosphere through
combustion and ______________ processes in living things

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 THE ROLE OF FOOD WEB IN MAINTAINING THE BALANCE Examples :
IN NATURE.
(a)_________________ (d)________________
1. energy is transferred from one organism to another organism through
(b)_________________(e)________________
_______________
(c)_________________(f)_________________
2. several food chains can be combined to form _____________
-natural disasters threaten the balance in nature when it takes the lives or
3. in a food web, organism interact with one another to obtain food and a
organism ,change the Earth’s physical condition (damages living habitats),
flow of energy occurs from the _____________to the ___________
and threatens the cycle of nature.
4. in a food web, green plants absorb solar energy to make food.
- when an ecosystem is destroyed or damaged by natural disaster, it will
5. consumers that eat producers and consumers that eat another gradually develop to reach a ________________. A new ecosystem is
consumers allow energy to flow through a food web built. There is not one living species which can take over the whole
ecosystem.
6. when producers or consumers die, _______________such as bacteria
and fungi will decompose complex substances into simple substances that - in a way,natural disasters help to control the number or organisms or
can be reused by green plants to make food. The flow of energy starts all population in an ecosystem.
overe again.

7. in a natural environment ,energy flow ina food web is balanced. All

living organism need energy to undergo living processes.
THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Environmental pollution= degradation of the quality of the environment

due to the increase of substances that threaten the balance of nature and
NATURAL DISASTERS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE the health of living things.
BALANCE IN NATURE.
- Source of pollution include :
NATURALA DISASTER = natural phenomenon that brings destruction to (a) uncontrolled use of fossil fuel such as ___________,
the environment. ______________ and _________

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(b) disposal of waste materials such as by-products of - massive deforestation increases the carbon dioxide content in the
industries,toxic materials, radioactive material,smoke and heat atmosphere and eventually forms a ______________________ in
from factories. the atmosphere.
(c) uncontrolled use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides in - This carbon dioxide layer prevents the heat close to the Earth’s
agriculture. surface from escaping into space. This effect is known as the
(d) garbage disposal such as plastic, food residue,solid materials _______________________
and sewage disposal. - Heat that is trapped on the Earth causes the
(e) noise,smoke and poisonous gas emitted by vehicles andn _____________________ to increase. This phenomenon is known
machines as ____________________.
(f) the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) such as in aerosols, air - An increase in global warming has resulted in the __________of
conditioners and refrigerators. the polar ice caps,leading to ___________________
- generally, environmental pollution has a negative effect on the - Living habitats along the shores and in lowlands all over the world
environment . it : will soon become submerged in water.
(a) threatens human health
(b) destroys ______________ THINNING OF THE OZONE LAYER
(c) causes the _______________ of species - Ozone layer is a layer of ozone gas that lays in the stratosphere of
(d) causes loss of economic resources the Earth’s atmosphere.
(e) damages the beauty of nature. - The ozone layer __________ the earth from the dangerous
__________________ of the Sun
- The use of ______________________(CFC) in
___________,_________________,and ______________ has lead
to the thinning (depletion) of the ozone layer.
- The disposal of these materials has also lead to large amounts of
______________________(CFC) being releases into the
atmosphere.
- Cholofluorocarbons (CFC) that are released into the atmosphere
GLOBAL WARMING decompose ozone molecules into oxygen molecules. This
phenomenon is called the
_______________________________________________

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 - The hole in the ozone layer allows ultraviolet rays to
_______________and reach the Earth.

EFFECT OF THE THINNING OF THE OZONE LAYER

 Exposure to ________________due to the thinning of the ozone

layer bring adverse effects to all living things on Earth.
 Can cause :
(a) skin cancer
(b)cataracts in which the eye lens become opaque
(c) reduce crop production
(d)lower the body’s immune system against diseases
(e) destroys aquatic organisms such as plankton,the main
producer in food chains and the main supplier of oxygen.

Science Form5 || Miss Erina