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P L A N E T M AT H S 4 TH C L A S S
Planet Maths incorporates the best methodology for teaching mathematics and
problem solving, with new features such as Real Life Maths sections, integrated
digital resources and differentiated material to motivate every child.
4
Main features include:
th
Problem Solving units and emphasis on pair and group work
This programme reflects the latest teaching methods in Primary and Post Primary education.
folensonline.ie
Liam
Gaynor
A COMPLETE MATHS PROGRAMME
FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Liam Gaynor
Author: Liam Gaynor
Editor: Donna Garvin
Design: Liz White Designs
Layout: Niamh Carey, Liz White Designs
Illustrators: Brian Fitzgerald, Maria Murray
Photographs: Alamy, Thinkstock, iStock, Dreamstime
ISBN: 978-1-84741-783-1
Planet Maths is a series of Maths textbooks, activity books and corresponding teacher’s manuals for Junior Infants to 6th Class. It is
in line with the Revised Primary Curriculum and has been written by primary school teachers. Curriculum Strands, Strand Units and
Objectives are detailed throughout.
Planet Maths has been designed to provide students with challenging activities and enjoyable mathematical experiences to help them
become confident mathematicians. Pupils using Planet Maths will experience mathematical learning through the following approach:
• Learning the new maths skills associated with a topic with the aid of explanation boxes and/or worked examples that introduce
each new concept or operation;
• Practising and reinforcing new skills through drills and repetition, while also providing as much variety and stimulation as possible;
• Exploring and applying their skills in ‘real life’ contexts and situations that are relevant, fun and stimulating to young minds.
Warm-Up Activities
A warm-up activity appears at the beginning of every new topic along with the instruction, ‘Listen to your teacher’. These game-like
activities open each unit of the senior textbooks and are led by the teacher with directions from the accompanying teacher’s manual.
Because they are conducted at the start of each unit, these activities provide a mental warm-up for students, preparing them to learn
by focusing their attention on the teacher. Warm-up activities are based on the concepts and operations relevant to the topic.
Differentiation
To promote ease of differentiation, a red line appears beside a selection of problems and sums in the 3rd to 6th Class textbooks that
could prove more challenging for many pupils. Additionally, the 3rd to 6th Class textbooks contain Challenge Yourself problems
designed to provide early finishers with extra stimulus and reward, and to assist with differentiation.
Self-Assessment
Self-assessment is strong feature of the series. Pupils are encouraged to rate their own performance and understanding of a topic
through the use of a traffic light system at the end of every page in each topic. Students can assess their performance at the end – red
for difficultly, amber for improvement and green for full understanding.
Check Up Activities
Each topic unit concludes with a page of concise check up activities designed to reinforce learning. Check ups include oral,
operational, problem-solving and shared activities based on the topic at hand. Oral activities reinforce communicating and
expressing as a mathematical skill, and vocabulary-based exercises assess the pupil’s understanding of the mathematical language
used in the unit.
Mental Maths
Seven dedicated Mental Maths units are placed strategically throughout the 3rd to 6th Class textbooks, with each one including a
Multiple Choice component. Each section in Mental Maths contains a score box for pupils to rate their performance. This will
encourage them to collaborate in their own progress and to recognise areas where more effort and assistance is needed.
The Teacher’s Manual accompanying this textbook includes:
• A guide providing comprehensive suggestions on how to make the best use of this series.
• Oral and mental maths activity suggestions.
• Maths language relevant to each topic.
• Suggestions for using concrete materials and manipulatives.
• Photocopiable activities for differentiation and extension exercises.
• Photocopiable templates for practice and repetition of fundamental concepts.
• Answers.
• Assessment sheets.
• Individual student profile sheets.
• Class record sheets.
The activity books in the series contain supplementary and differentiation activities. Interactive activities for this series can also be
found at: www.folensonline.ie.
iv Contents
Revision...........................................................5 Mental Maths 4...........................................102
3 Time.....................................................18 19 Weight................................................114
5 Subtraction...........................................32 21 Patterns...............................................128
7 Graphs..................................................42 23 Area....................................................138
9 Division................................................56 25 Operations..........................................152
12 Symmetry..............................................71 28 3D Shapes..........................................167
16 Chance.................................................95 Glossary.......................................................189
B Travel Reduce
1. For how many nights does the
holiday in the Canaries last?
2. By how much money is the trip
to New York reduced?
3. By how much is the trip to the Canaries reduced?
4. How much cheaper is the Canaries holiday than the New York trip?
5. The Canaries holiday lasts longer than the New York holiday but it
is cheaper. Why do you think this is? Which would you prefer?
6. How many days are there in September?
C Toys
1. What is the most expensive item in the shop window?
2. What is the cheapest item in the shop window?
3. Which item is reduced by €6?
4. Which item is reduced by €1.99?
5. By how much is the camera reduced?
6. By how much is the Jack-in-the-Box reduced?
7. By how much is the skipping rope reduced?
8. How much for the kite and the camera?
9. What change would you get from €10 if you bought the skipping rope?
10. Which 3 items could you buy for €30?
11. By how much is the aeroplane dearer than the Jack-in-the-Box?
12. Can you find two items that would cost €11.99?
Revision Strand Number
Objectives
2. (a) HTU (b) HTU (c) HTU (d) HTU (e) HTU (f) HTU
65 288 675 781 390 604
– 23 – 197 – 216 – 426 – 112 – 286
50km 6hrs
€85 2cm
2¬
5 00
g 5kg
88c s
250m¬ 30min
hexagon square
triangle
cylinder
rectangle
pyramid
circle
cuboid
cone
sphere prism cube
4,527
Th H T U
C 1. Which is greater?
(a) 2 thousands or 8 hundreds? (b) 4 hundreds or 9 tens?
(c) 2 tens or 5 units? (d) 4 hundreds or 4 units?
(e) 5 thousands or 6 tens? (f) 7 hundreds or 7 tens?
(g) 1 thousand or 11 hundreds? (h) 2 tens or 23 units?
(i) 2 hundreds or 20 tens?
2. How many units in: (a) 2 tens? (b) 2 hundreds? (c) 2 thousands?
3. How many tens in: (a) 3 hundreds? (b) 5 hundreds? (c) 1 thousand?
4. How many hundreds in: (a) 5 thousands? (b) 7 thousands? (c) 9 thousands?
401: Explore and identify place value in whole numbers, Strand Number
Objectives
3. How many
(a) hundreds in 400? (b) hundreds in 4,000? (c) hundreds in 9,000?
(d) tens in 30? (e) tens in 300? (f) tens in 3,000?
r work
Pai
C Think of a four digit number and tell your friend.
1. The number that is 1 greater.
2. The number that is 1 less.
3. The number that is 10 greater.
4. The number that is 10 less.
402: Read, write and order four-digit numbers and solve Strand Number
Objectives
r work
A 1. With a friend think of: Pai
(a) 5 things of great value.
(b) 5 things of little value.
2. Tick the number in which 7 has the greatest value.
(a) 7,152 (b) 3,007 (c) 7 (d) 8,007 (e) 1,371
2,741 9,147 70 9,070 713
3,175 2,574 700 6,075 1,887
1,457 6,217 7,000 7,001 1,907
3. Tick the number in which 4 has the least value.
(a) 1,542 (b) 4,000 (c) 8,746 (d) 2,142 (e) 1,455
1,884 400 7,476 3,549 2,314
4,056 40 4,722 7,224 409
3,459 4 2,421 940 1,040
402: Read, write and order four-digit numbers and solve Strand Number
Objectives
B Do it!
1. Round each number to the nearest thousand.
(a) 7,768 (b) 2,317 (c) 3,872 (d) 4,780 (e) 6,180 (f) 7,500
2. Make as many numbers as you can with the numerals 4, 0, 5 and 3.
C Solve it!
A radio station played its top ten songs. The song with the smallest number of votes was
number 10 and the song with the greatest number of votes was number 1.
Order the songs from 10 to 1:
Lost 2,159 Control 4,419 Blue 8,218 Together 1,319 Melody 4,409
Razzmataz 943 Dancer 4,194 Wonder 9,006 Crazy 4,094 Fond 4,049
D Say it!
True or false?
1. 4,075 = 4,000 + 700 + 5 5. 7,109 = 7,000 + 100 + 9
2. The value of the numeral 3 6. 9,009 < 9090
in 7,138 is 3. 7. 6,138 might be rounded to 6,000 or
3. 5,555 can be rounded to 5,000. 6,100 or 6,140.
4. The zero in 0,519 is unnecessary. 8. The zero in 7,160 is necessary.
E Share it!
1. Fill the blanks in the picture.
second
first third fifth seventh ninth
1 4 5 7 9
30 16 66 26 40
97 11 87 20 23
10 70 12 18 25
B In your head
1. 8 + 9 = ___ 2. 7 + 7 = ___ 3. 6 + 9 = ___ 4. 8 + 5 = ___
5. 3 + 6 + 9 = ___ 6. 4 + 5 + 8 = ___ 7. 9 + 9 + 8 = ___ 8. 4 + 7 + 7 = ___
9. 11 + 12 = ___ 10. 13 + 14 = ___ 11. 15 + 13 = ___ 12. 16 + 11 = ___
13. 15 + 15 = ___ 14. 21 + 21 = ___ 15. 33 + 34 = ___ 16. 42 + 46 = ___
C Add
1. (a) HTU (b) HTU (c) HTU (d) HTU
Example
136 217 513 528
+342 +335 +268 +291 Start here
HTU
358 8 + 9 = 17
2. (a) HTU (b) HTU (c) HTU (d) HTU
+ 316 19
807 484 273 515
727
+178 +338 +267 +399
D Add the numbers in the two coloured balloons. You will find the answer in another
balloon. Colour it the same. Colour the other two balloons a different colour.
406.1 Know and recall addition and subtraction facts. Strand Number
Objectives
2. On Saturday 163 aeroplanes left Dublin airport. On the same day 148 aeroplanes
landed. How many flights altogether were there on Saturday?
3. The web site www.addemup.ie had 245 visitors on Tuesday. On Wednesday it had
double that number. (a) How many visited the website on Wednesday? (b) How many
visitors were there altogether over the two days?
D Try these
1. Molly got 4,459 votes in the last election. Cillian got 1,037 votes more than Molly.
(a) How many votes did Cillian get? (b) Who was elected? (c) How many people voted?
2. Mia and Rebecca share a phone. Last year their phone company offered them 1,000
free text messages. All extra text messages cost 1c each. How much did they have to
pay if Mia sent 845 messages and Rebecca sent 762 messages?
• 405.1 Add without and with renaming, within 9999. Strand Number
Objectives
2. ‘Ben’s Brollies’ sells three types of umbrella. Last year’s sales are shown in the picture.
(a) Of which type did Ben sell the most? Plain Coloured With Logo
(b) How many plain and coloured
brollies did Ben sell?
(c) How many plain and ‘with logo’
brollies were sold?
(d) How many coloured and ‘with
logo’ brollies did Ben sell? 2,048 1,671 1,309
(e) How many umbrellas altogether were sold last year?
(f) Which type of umbrella do you think is the most expensive?
3. (a) 2,048 + 1,196 + 3,313 (b) 179 + 6,005 + 2,379
(c) 7,141 + 741 + 71 (d) 2,367 + 1,800 + 2,149
(e) 2,508 + 2,580 + 2,085 (f) 3,147 + 58 + 6,742
• 405.1 Add without and with renaming, within 9999. Strand Number
Objectives
B Calculator fun
Colour the displays to show these numbers. The first one is done.
83 84 28 68 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
3426 3210 4567 8910
B Do it!
1. (a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 8 (e) 2 (f) 3 (g) 5 (h) 8 (i) 9 (j) 2
6 6 8 8 9 9 3 3 3 4
6 2 4 2 2 3 8 2 3 6
1 3 4 5 7 5 3 8 5 6
7 3 1 7 2 7 1 6 5 4
+9 +8 +9 +4 +5 +4 +7 +1 +7 +2
C Solve it!
Ava has a collection of 2,350 photos. Samantha has 80 photos more that Ava. Tony has 110
photos more than Samantha. How many photos have they altogether?
D Say it!
Spot the mathematical error in each sentence.
1. Luke increased his savings of €1,025 by €75 bringing his account to €1,010.
2. Rounding the number 8,672 to the nearest thousand is 8,700.
3. The sum 2,346 + 3,058 is not the same as 3,058 + 2,346.
4. 6,036 + 1,839 = 7,785
r work
Pai
E Share it!
1. 2. 3.
17 8 15 11 5 24 26 10 17
23 5 7 14 19 13 7 25 7 9
13 20 22 20 2 15 24
10 12 3 3 22 15 9 23 5
11 18 4 23 16 13 20 27 4 11
18 Time goa
l is
to tell the
3 My
e o
n a d
igital
tim clock
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Challeng
Starting time Back Forward Back Forward
e
1
19 minutes to 4 12 minutes 2 hour 8 minutes 1 34 hours
Yo
u r s e lf !
473.1 Solve and complete practical tasks and problems Strand Measures
Objectives
involving times and dates and the addition of hours and Strand Unit Time
minutes.
20 Topic 3: Time
A Digital time
1. (a) 4 o’clock = 4:00 (b) 5 past ___ = 4:05 (c) 10 past 4 = ___
1 ___ ___ = 4:20
2. (a) 4 past 4 = (b) (c) 25 past 4 = ___
3. (a) ___ = 4:30 (b) 25 to 5 = ___ (c) ___ = 4:40
1 ___ ___ = 4:50
4. (a) 4 to 5 = (b) (c) 5 to 5 = ___
___ = 5:00 1 ___ ___ = 8:05
5. (a) (b) 2 past 9 = (c)
6. (a) 20 past 11 = ___ (b) ___ = 1:35 (c) 10 past 1 = ___
7. (a) ___ = 4:45 (b) 7 o’clock = ___ (c) ___ = 3:55
TV Guide
(a) For how long does the Sport programme last?
(b) What’s on before Flitz?
(c) For how long does Flitz last?
e l Q Channel Z
Chan n s
(d) There is a break for advertisements lasting 3
N u a c h t 5:00 Z Crisi
5:00
minutes during UFO. For how many minutes
o rt 5 :2 2 Z Factor
does UFO really run? 5:10 Sp s
F li tz 5:59 Z New
(e) If the movie lasts for 1 hour 20 minutes, at 5:30 rld
what time does it end? U F O 6:31 Z Wo
5:55 vie
H e ro e s 7:12 Z Mo
2. Look at the TV Guide – Channel Z. 6:2 0
End
s 8:36 Z
(a) For how long does Z Factor last? 6:45 Movie
(b) Mum started watching Z News but
stopped at 14 past 6. How many
minutes of Z News did she see?
(c) Dad watched Z Crisis and Z World.
For how long did he watch TV?
(d) All the programmes on Channel Z were delayed
by 8 minutes. Write the new timetable.
8 8: 8 8 8 8: 8 8 8 8:8 8 8 8: 8 8
• 469 Express digital time as analogue time and vice versa. Strand Measures
Objectives
7 8 t
9 10 11 12 13
Dentis Sunrise 6:44
1st quarter Sunset 6:26
21 22 23 24 Train
ing 25 26 27
m Sunrise 6:10
4:00p 3rd quarter Sunset 6:51
28 TREE 29 30 31 Mark
’s
ay
WEEK bir d
t h
B Do it!
1. What time is shown on each clock?
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
D Say it!
What might you do at each of these times?
1. Monday 8:00am 2. Tuesday 8:00pm 3. Wednesday 4:00pm
4. Thursday 4:00am 5. Friday 11:30am 6. Saturday 11:30am
r work
re it! Pai
E Sha
(You will need a watch with a second hand or a digital clock.) Hospital
B Lines
1. Find sets of parallel lines and sets of perpendicular lines in each photo below.
2. Find any vertical, horizontal and oblique lines.
Pa ir work
C 1. Write 3 examples of horizontal and vertical lines in the world around you.
Try to think of unusual examples.
2. Write or draw 3 examples of parallel and perpendicular lines.
3. Draw a shape and its diagonals.
4. Is there something in the classroom that is oblique to the floor?
5. Is there something in the yard that is oblique to the ground?
6. What might happen if a builder built the wall of a house oblique to the ground?
450 Identify, describe and classify oblique and Strand Shape and Space
Objectives
5. Hold your book 6. Colour the lines 7. Colour the 8. Colour the lines
upright. Then that are oblique diagonals of the that are both
colour the to the green line. square. parallel and
vertical lines. vertical.
Base line
A perpendicular line always forms a Lines perpendicular to the base line are parallel.
right angle with the base line.
B Let’s investigate
1. Use a set square to draw perpendicular lines.
2. Use a set square to draw parallel lines.
3. Use a set square to draw the figures in the box. Make some of your own.
450 Identify, describe and classify oblique and Strand Shape and Space
Objectives
5. 6.
Acute Angle Acute Angle
B For each of the angles below, say if it is acute, right, straight or obtuse? Is each angle greater
than, less than or equal to a right angle?
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
C What types of angles are made by the elbow joints in each puppet’s arms?
1. 2. 3. 4.
451 Draw, discuss and describe intersecting lines and their Strand Shape and Space
Objectives
B Do it!
1. What type of angle is made by the hands of each clock?
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
F H I L M N R T U V W X Y Z
3. Clockwise and anti-clockwise anti-c
se loc
(a) Which pictures below show clockwise movement? wi
kw
c
clo
(b) Which pictures show anti-clockwise movement?
ise
(c) In what direction do cars move when going
around a roundabout in Ireland?
ise
clo
(d) Draw a windmill showing clockwise movement.
w
ck
ck
wi
clo se
anti-
C Solve it!
How many right angles can you count in this shape?
D Say it!
When standing up, the letter T is made of a horizontal and a vertical line. Name four other
capital letters that are made using only horizontal and vertical lines.
r work
re it! Pai
E Sha
Connect two strips of card together like an arm. Rotate one strip to make
acute angles, a right angle, obtuse angles and a straight angle.
28 The Game Show
Players score points! There are four levels of questions,
1. What is Lily’s score? worth: 1 point, 10 points, 100 points and 1,000 points.
Points appear at the bottom of the player’s abacus.
2. What is Abbie’s score? Examples:
3. Who has fewest points? Start of play: 6,437points: 9,999 points:
4. What type of angle is made by the Th H T U Th H T U Th H T U
hands of the clock?
5. What time does the clock show?
6. The show started at 7:15. For how
many minutes has the show been
running?
7. The show ends at 8 o’clock. How many minutes are left?
8. How long does the show last?
9. What prizes can Jake not afford if his score stays the same?
10. Which prizes could each player afford if the scores stay the same?
Th H T U Th H T U Th H T U Th H T U
Host,
Alan Cheese
Lily Ben Abbie Jake
The Game Show 29
11. How many points have Lily and Abbie altogether?
12. Are the hands of the clock perpendicular?
13. How many hours and minutes until midnight?
14. At what time will the hands on the clock next make a straight angle?
15. Are there any parallel lines in the pictures on page 28? Where?
16. How many points altogether have the 4 players won so far?
17. How many 10 point questions has Abbie answered correctly?
18. Who answered the greatest number of 1 point questions?
19. Ben could claim two prizes. Which two can he afford?
20. Jake has answered most questions, but he has the fewest points. Why?
r i ze s !
Fab P Mountain Bike
Plasma TV
2,000 points
3,400 points
2,300 points
30 MENTAL MATHS 1
A 1. Which is greater: 12 or 34 ? 8. Spot the mistake:
Half of a whole is a quarter.
2. Is this angle acute or obtuse?
9. What comes next? 85, 90, 95, 100, ___
10. 17 + 4 = ___
11. If this is September, what was the month
before last?
3. How many cents in €2? 1 1
3
12. Which is later: 4 to 4 or 4 past 4?
4. Write as a decimal.
10 13. A hive has 101 bees. How many are left
5. Round 483 to the nearest 10. in the hive if all but one bee leaves?
6. How many cm in 1m? 14. In your mathematical opinion:
7. What is the area of the yellow shape? How many times a day do you blink?
15. What comes next?
___
15
1 1
12. 2 + 4 = ___
13. Round 483 to the nearest 100.
14. What comes next? 4, 8, 12, 16, ___ ___
15. True or false? Parallel lines are also perpendicular to each other. 10
15