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dy
For example if y=5, then =0.
dx
Let y=f(x)=c f(x+h)=c
f(x+h)-f(x)=c-c=0
f(x+h)-f(x) 0 d(c)
lim = =0 =0
h 0 h h dx
General Rule
dy
If y=x n . Then =nx n-1.
dx
dy
For example if y=x 3 . Then =3x 2
dx
Proof of this rule is left to the Miscellaneous Presentation, as it demands the Product Rule, which we
have not covered yet.
dy 1 - 12 1
= x =
dx 2 2 x
df(x) dg(x)
Proof that if f(x)=kg(x), where k is a constant. Then =k .
dx dx
dy dx 2
For example y=5x 2 , =5 =5(2x1 )=10x
dx dx
f(x)=kg(x) f(x+h)-f(x) (g(x+h)-g(x))
=k
f(x+h)=kg(x+h) h h
f(x+h)-f(x) (g(x+h)-g(x))
lim =k lim
h 0 h h 0 h
df(x) dg(x)
=k
dx dx
Differentiate y=5x 4 with respect to x.
d(5x 4 ) d(x 4 )
=5 =5(4x 3 )=20x 3
dx dx
5
Differentiate with respect to x.
x3
5
y= 3 =5x -3
x
dy 15
=-15x -4 =- 4
dx x
f(x+h)-f(x)=u(x+h)+v(x+h)-u(x)-v(x)
dy
=3x 2 +12x+5
dx
dy
If y x 4 3x 2 4, find when x 2.
dx
dy
=4x 3 +6x
dx
dy
At x=2, =4(2)3 +6(2)=32+12=44
dx