INTRODUCCIÓN
QUÉ ES LA ELECTRÓNICA
c c
c
ccc cccccc cc ccc
c
c
cc
ccc c
c
c c c c
c c c c c c c c c
c
c
c
c c c
c
c c c c c c
c c
c c
c c c c c c c
c c
ccc
ccc c
c
c c c
c c c c c c c c c
c c
Resistencias:c
c ccccc
c
ccc cc c
c
c c c
c c c c c c c c c c c
c c
cccc cc&
ccccc
cccc'c
( ccc&ccc cc
ccc c cc
ccc
ccc c c
cccc c ccc cc c
ccc c
cccccccc ccc c c
cccc
cc cc)"c%*+,#c
-cc
cc c ccc "c c cc c
"c
c c
c c ccc c c"c
cc
#c*c#.c/c#0c/c#1c/cc/c#c
cc
ccc cccc ccc#cc
ccc c
cccc
c#.c#0c#1cccc#ccc c
( cc cc
ccc c c"c
cc
#c*c.,2.,#.c/c.,#0c/c.,#1c/cc/c.,#3c
%c c c c c c #.c #0c #1cc cc #c 4c c
c c c c c
c#ccc c
cccccc#cc
c
c c cc cccc cccc cc
c
c
ccc ccc
5cc
c cccccccc
c c c c
c c c c c cc c c c c c c 6 c c c
c
cccccc
cc
c
ccccccc
c&
cc
c c cccc
ccccccc
cccccc c
cc
p c v
c
c
cc c c cc
c
c cc
c ccc
cc c c cc
c c cc
c ccc
cc c
c cc c c cc c ccc
cc c c cc c c cc cc cc
cc c c cc c c cc cc cc
cc
c c cc c c cc cc cc
cc c c cc c c cc cc cc
cc c c cc
c c cc cc cc
cc !"c #c cc c c cc cc cc
cc $%c &c cc cc cc cc cc cc
cc
7c c
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
ccc cc89999c] cc ccc:c8c;c
c c c c c
c c c c c c c c c c
!ccc"c
cc
.ccccccc.8cccc00cccc11cccc<=ccccc>?cccc.9c
.0cccc.?cccc0=cccc1@cccc8>ccccc?0c
..cccc.1cccc.>cccc0ccccccc0<ccccc1ccccccc1>ccccc<1ccccc8.ccccc>0ccccc=8ccccc@.c
c
ccc
cccc09c;cc c
cc
c
ccccc.9c;cc c
cc
c
ccc
cc cc ccc8c;c
cccccccc
ccc c
cc
c
c
ccccc ccc
cccc c !c
cccc ccc
c
c
c
c c
c c
c c c c
c "c .,?c .,<c .,1c .,0c .c c 0c'c c
cc.c;c0c;c8c;c.9c;cc09c;c
c & c c c c c c c c c
c
c c c c !c c c c !c c c c 6c
c c c
c c c c
c c c &c c c c c c c c
cc cc
cc
Capacitores:c
c
c
c c c c c c c c c c
ccc
c c
c
cc c c2c 3cc
c c
cc c c
c ccc
c
cccc
cc c
cc
ccc
cc
cc cccc
c c c
c c
c c c c c c &
c c c c
c c c c c c c
c c c
c 2A3c c c c
c
!ccc
cccc ccc c
ccc ccc
B> B@
&
cc
c2.cAc*c.c&c.9 cA3c
c2.c Ac*c.c&c.9 cA3cc
cccccc
B.0
2.cAc*c.c&c.9 cA3c
c
$c c
c c c c c c
c c c
c c c c c
c
cc c ccc
cc c
cc
cc cc
c ccc
c
!cc
c
Cc !c &c c c
c c
c
c c c c c c
ccccc c cc cc c ccc
cc
ccc c
cc ccccc
c
( ccc
cc ccccc
ccc c cc
c c c c c c c
c c c c c c c c c c c
ccc
c
!ccccc cc
cc
cc
cc
! cc c
cc
c c cc cc c
c c
c c c c c
c c c c
c
c c c c c
c c c c
c c c
c
c
cc
c c c c c c c c
c c c c c c c
"c
c c
c
c c c"c
cc
$c*c.,2.,$.c/c.,$0c/c.,$1c/cc/c.,$3c
cc
cc
c c
c"c
cc
$c*c$.c/c$0c/c$1c/cc/c$c
cc
& cc cc
ccccc
cc
c& cc ccc
c c
c c c c c c c c c
c c c
& c !cc
ccccccc cc c(c
c
cccccc
c
)c
cccc
ccc
ccc cc
c !ccccc
cccc
cc
cc
cc
ccc c$cc
cc
cc
c c
ccc ccc.999c+c
c& c
c ccc
ccc
ccc
c
c c c c c c c c c c c
c c
c
c
ccc cc c
cc
cc& cc cc6cc c
c c & c c c c c
c c c c c c c c c
cccc cc c(cc
c
cc ccc
c
c ccc
cc c c& ccc
ccc
c(c
cccc c
c
c
c ccccc cccc c
cc
Inductancias:c
c
c c c
c c c c
c
c
c c c c c c
cc
c c
cc cc c
$cc c
c ccc
ccc
ccADc
6cccc
c
c c c c
c c c c c c
c
c c c
cccccc ccc c ccccccc
cc c c c c
c c c c
c c c c c c c
cc
cccccccccADc c
c
$c c ADc c c
c c c
c c c c
c c c c c c
c c
c
cccADcc
ccc ccc ccc cc c
c c
ccc c
ccc( ccccccc
ccc cccccccc cccc c
c c c c c c c c c (c c c 6c c c
cc cccccc c
c cc cc c2-3cccc !c
cc c
cc
c
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
c
Leyes de Kirchoff:c
(cccccccccccccccccccccc
c
ccG
cccccG
c
c
c c c "c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
ccc cc ccccc
ccc"ccc cc23ccc ccc
!c c
c cc c c cc c cc
c c c c c c c
cc c
c c
cc
cc
c
cc
Teorema de Thévenin:c
$c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
c
cccc c
ccc c ccc
cc cc "cc cccc c c2ccH3c
c c
c
cc c
c
cc
cc c c+-cc
c ccc c c#-cccccc+-cc#-cc"c
#-c cc cc
cc ccc cccHccc c
cc c ccc
cc ccccc c ccc
c c
+-ccc c
ccccccHccc c2 c3c
c c
cc
c c
c
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
ccc cc
Teorema de Norton:c
c c &
c c c c c
c c c c 2c c H3c
c
c c
cc c c ccc
c
cc c c#c
c
ccc
c cc c%c
ccc#cc cc c
ccc c c c#-cc%ccc
cc c
cccBHc
c c
c c
CAPÍTULO 3
CORRIENTE ALTERNA
cc
Icc cc
c
ccc
cc c c7ccc
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
c
cc ccc
cccccccccc
ccc cc
c c !c c c c
c c c
c c c c c c
cc cc&
ccc
cc
ccc cc
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
c
c c c
c c c c c c c c !c c c c c c
c c c c c c c c c c c c
c c
ccccc$$cc6ccccc c7$c
c c c c c c
c c
c c
c c
c
ccc
c(ccc c$cc$cc c
cc
c
cc
Parámetros importantes de la corriente alterna:c
A "c 46c c c c c c c c c
c c .c c c
cc ccc-!c2-!3cccc ccccAc7cc
c cccc
cc cc009c+c89c-!c
cc c ccc cc
c89c
c
cc
Cc
cc c
cc
"c46cc c
cc$ccc
cc cc
c
A"ccc
cc c ccc cc cccccc c? c
"c c c
c c c c
c c c c $c
c c c c c
c
ccc cc009c+c89c-!cc
ccc09cc
c ccc
ccc
ccA*.,c
+c "c+cccc ccc cc
c
+c& "c+ccc cccJJccJJccc c
+c "cD c ccccc ccc ccc
cc
(cc ccccc
"c
c
+c
!"c +c c
c c c
c c c c $$c c (c c
"c
c
+c
c c
"c +c c c c c c c & c c c c c c JJc c c
JJc
c c c
c c c c c c c c
c c c c
c c
c 3c c c c c c c c c c c
!c c c
& c c c
c c
c c c
c c c
c 3c c c c c c c
c
c
c@9Kc
cc
c
cc
cc
c3c cc
ccc89c-!ccc
cc*09cccccc
c c c
c 7c c c c c
c c c
c c c c c c c
cccccc c c
ccc c
ccc c
cccc
ccc c
cc
c3cccc cccc cc
c@9Kc2,0c 3cc
ccc
c ccc
cccccccc
cHc cc
c c c
c c c Hc c @9Kc c c c c c c c c c c c
cc
c
c
ccc
c@9Kc
$c c c c c c c c c
c c c c c c c
c
"c
Cc*cC&cc20
c/c?3c
cc
'c ()'c "c*)c
+'c+%%c
cc
c
c
'c ,c
c
?'c+"c
c
cccccccccc
Otros tipos de corriente alterna:c
c cc !c
cc
cc c
ccccc
c
c
ccc
cc
ccccccc ccc c
c
Cc c c c c
c 2 c c c 3c c c c c c c
c
"c
cc
c
cc
)cc
c !cc cccc "c
cc
c
cc
c cccc cc "c
cc
c
cc
$c c c c
c c c
c c c c
c c c c c
c c
cc
ccc
c
cc
% cc$"ccc
cc
cccc
ccccc
cc$$ccc c
ccc ccc
cc cc
cc$cc
cc c
cc
c
cc
c c cc c cc c
ccc
ccccc
c c
c
c@9Kc c cc@9Kcc
ccc c
c
cc ccccc ccc c "c
cc
L c*c0c
c ccccL cc&
ccc
cc
ccL c*c+,%c
cc cc)ccc"c
cc
23c*c+23,L c*c+23,0
c
cc
7c
ccccc cc
c& ccccc ccc
c c c c ccc
c c c
ccc
$
cc$"ccc
ccc& ccc
ccc cc$c
cc
c
cc
cccccccc ccc@9Kcc
ccc c cc
c
ccccc
cccc c
c2 cc3ccccc c
"c
cc
L$c*c.,0
$c
cc
c
ccc cc)"c
cc
23c*c+23c,cL$c*c0
$c+23c
cc
c c c c
c c c
c
c c c c
c c
c
Impedancia: c
Cc
cc
ccccc
ccc ccccc
"c
cc
Mc*c#c/c2L cBcL$3c
cc
cccc
c2c 3cc cccc
"c
c
cc
c ccc
cc c c2I3ccc
"c
cc
Ic*c.,Mc
c
cc
cc
c
ccc c ccc cc c+cc+#cc
c
c c c c + c c c @9Kc c
c c c c c c c
c ccc+cccà ccc c
#B$"c
cc
c
7c c c c c c c c #B cc c c c c c c c c
c c c !c +#c c c
c c c c c c +$c c @9Kc c c c
c7ccc ccc+ccà ccc
cc%c
#B B$"c
cc
c
cc
c 6 c c c c c c c c
c c c c c $c c 1c
c c
c
c2#c c$3c
c
c2M3cccccc c
cc c ccc ccc cc+$c c@9Kccc c+#cc
cccc+ cc@9Kc4cccc
cc c cc ccc
c c c c
c c c c c
c c c c c 2+3c
ccc c cL cNcL$cc cL$cNcL cccc
ccc c cL$c*cL c
c c
CAPÍTULO 4
COMPONENTES SEMICONDUCTORES
ccc
Cc c c c
c c c c c c c c c
c
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
c 23c c c c c
c c
c c
c c
c c c c c c c
c 23c c c c
c c
c c
c %+c c c c c 2( c O c 3c
Oc c c c c c c c c c c
!c c
ccc ccc
cccccccc
ccc
!c c )c c c c
c c
c c c c c
c
cccccccccc c
c ccc
cc ccc cccccc
c
c c c c c c c c c c c
cc
El diodo: c
c cc c cc
ccc cc
cc ccc
c
c ccc c
cc cc ccc
ccccc
c c c c
c c c c c c c c c
c c c c
c
cc
$c c
c
cc c c c c &c c c c c c c c c c
cc cc cccc c2
! c cc 3c
c c
c c
c c c
! c c c c c
c
cc& cc c2+C3cc
ccccc c !cc c c c
c c c c cc 6c c c c c
c c c
c c
c cc9=c+c
cc cc91c+c
cc c
c c
c ! c
c c c
! c c c c c c c c
c c c c 2 c c c 3c c
c c 4c c c
ccccccccc ccccc
4c c c
c
! c c c c +#c c c c c
cCc c cccccccc cc cc
c c
ccccc cc
cc!c
c c c c c c c c c c c c
c c c
"c c
c 2c c c c
c
3c c c c
c c c c c c
c c !c c c c
c
El zéner:c
cc
cc cc !c
c
c c cc cc$$c
cc
c
cc
Cc c c c
c c c c !c c
c c c c c c
c cMc+Mc) ccc
cc
ccccc
c
c
cc
7"c +c*c ccc @cc.0c+c
c
cc
'c
-.c/c0"c
c
c1c
c
cc
( cc
cc c&ccc c4Bcc
ccc
!cc cc
c c c c c c c c
c c c c
&c c c c c c c c c c c c 2c c
c c c
c
ccccc ccc3cc ccccc ccc
c
cc
cc
c3cccc c
ccc ccc cc
cc c
7 c c c c c c c c
c c 6
c c c c c c c
c c c
c (
c c c c c c 2%3c c .99c
c c c c c 2%3c c c
%c*c8c5c%c*c899cc( cc%c*c0c5c%c*c099cc7cc
c
ccc
c
c c c c c c 21c 3c
c c c c c c c c 2199c 3c
7 c
cc
cc ccccc cAc2H3c
Iccccc& c cc
c44cc4c6ccc
ccc
c c
ccc
cc& c c
ccccc
cc
c c c c c c c c c c
c c c c c
c c c
c
!c c c 4c c c c c c 44c c c !c c
ccccc
c c cc cc cccc
cc ccc
cc cc cccc c
cccc
cc ccc cc c c
cc cccc
ccc
cc ccc cccc6cccc)"c+c*c%c&c#cc+c
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c +c c
ccc#cc
cc c
ccccc c&c
cc c
c
c c c c J
c c Jc c c c c c c c
c c c c c c c
c c c c c c c
c c c
c cc
cc ccccc ccccc
c ccccc c
ccccB c
c c 6c c c c c
c c
c c c
c c
c "c H%) #(c Ac D)(Ac C4%c C4%R4c -c c c c c
cc
c
ccc
c c c c c c c c !c c c
c c c Jc
Jcc ccccc
c !c
cc
c
c
c c c c c c &
c c c
c c c
c %c %c c %c c
c c c c &c c
c c c
"c
c$6c2$3cHc$6c2H$3cc$c$6c2$$3c
cc
c
cc
c c c c
c c c c
c c c c c
c
cc cccc6cc
cc cc c c
ccc
ccc
c c c c c
c c c c
c c c c c c c c c
!cc ccccc c
cc cc& cc c c
c
cccccc cc
cc2+ c*c91c+c
c cc
O cc9>c+c
ccc( 3c
ccc ccc
c cc cccc c
ccc ccc cB c2+3cc
ccc ccc2%3c
cccc cc
cc ccc%cc
ccc cB c
+cccc%cOcc cc
ccc
c c
%c c c
c c c c
c c c c c c c c c +.c c
c c c
c c
c c c c +c c c
cccccc c%cc
cc
c cc+cc
c c +.c c
& c 98c +c c c !c c
c c %c c c
cc c c ccccccccc
cc ccc
ccc
cccc%cc
cc%c
cc
c
cc
c c
c
c c c c c #c c c c c c 1c
c
ccccc c
c cccccc1c c
ccc
! cc cc
cccc cB4ccc
c cc c"c
# cc "cc cc
ccc
cc ccc
# cc"cc cc
ccc
c cc ccc
# c c 2c 3"c (c
c c c
c
c c c c c
2 cc3c
ccc
c
ccc ccccc c
c
cc
cc
c
cccccc
ccc
cccc cccc
c c
cc ccc
cc&
cc "c
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c "c c c
c
ccccc%cc
ccc
c cc+c*c+cccc
c
ccc.0c+ccc%c 9c+cc+c.0c+ccc
c
cccc
ccccc.ccc
c
cccc ccc+c 9c+ccccc
cccc
c%ccc%c*c+c,c#cccc
cc.0c+c,c0999c] *c>ccc
c+c*c9c%c*c>c
ccc0ccc
c
( c c.cc0ccccccc
ccc
ccc2S3cc c cc%ccc
cc
cSc
c c
c c c c c c c c c c c
c c c c c
cc
cc ccc c2%3c
cccc
cc
ccc ccc
cc
! c
cc
cSccccccc
ccccc%cc
+c ccc
cc%.cc+.c
$!ccccc c
c
!ccc c
cccc
!ccccccccccc c
cc cc
c
c c
c c
c c c 6 c
c c c c
c c c c
c A c c c c
c c c c c c c c
c
c&cc
ccccc c
cc
c
cc ccc
c
c
!cc "c
cc
c
cc
c
c c23ccc
c c
! c
c cc c
c c#.cc#0c
cc cc ccccccccc
c
c
cc
! cccccc cccc
cccc!c cc
c
c c
c Hc c c
c c c
c c
!c c J
! c c Jc
cc cccc cccc#.cc
cc
! cc !cc c
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
ccc!c c
c
! ccccc$cc cJ
! c
c cc Jcc
c"c
cc
v
c · c p
c c c
23c43c c #5c
c
c
Amplificación:c
cc
c
cc
c
cccccc cc cc
c
c
cc c6"c
cc
c
cc
c cc c
!c
c cc
! c
c cc c
$ccc
ccc
cc
ccc c cc
cc
cc ccc
ccc c c
c$$c
+ ccc
cc c c !cc
ccc
cccc
c
cc
cccc
cc&
cc
ccc cc cc$c
cccc
cc
! c2S3c
cc cc$c ccc c"c
.K3c(c cc
cc cc$$c
0K3c(c ccc
cc cc2 3c
1K3c(c cc cc
cc
cccc
cc
c
ccc c"c
cc
c
cc
c
c c
c c c c c c c #<c
c
c c c
c c c c c c #.c c #1c c c c
c
cc
(cc c c c %c c c c
c c c c
c c c c c c
ccccc
ccc cc c
c
c
c c c c c c c
c Sc c c c c c c
c
c c c !c c c
!c c c c c
c Sc c c c !c c
c c c c c c c c
c c c c c Sc c
c
c c !c c c cc !c cc c c
c c !c
c cc c c Sc c c c c
c c c c c c c c
ccc
)c
cc cc
cccccc
cc
ccccc
c
cAc c c !cc
ccccc c cc c
cc
ccc c
c ccc!c c
ccc4ccccc c2Acc
73c c c c c c c c c c c & c c c c
c c c
c c c
c c c c
c c c 4c c 4c 6c c c
c c
ccccc cc c cccc
c$c c
c
c cc7ccAcc cc c
ccc
ccc c ccccc c ccc
ccc
ccc
c
c c cc cB4c c
!cc
c c ccccc
cccc
c ccc cccccc c
cc c c
cc
$c c c c c c &c c c c c c c c c c
c
figura 1c
cc
c c
c c c c c
c c
c c c c cc c
c0cTccccc ccc ccc
cc
c
cc
c
figura 2c
cc
c
c c c c
c
c 6c c c c
c c
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
c c c c
c& ccc
cc
c
figura 3c
cc cc cccccccc
c<cc ccccc
ccccccc
cc
c
figura 4c
cc
c c
c & c c
c
c c 6c 6c c c c c
c c c c
c c 6c c c c ! c c c c c c c
cA c8c
cc
c
figura 5c
cc
c c
cccc cc cc c
c
cc
c
c
ccc& ccc
c2
c>3cccc
c cc
c
ccccc
cc
c
figura 6c
cc
c cc
cccc
c=cc
cc
cc
6cc
c
c2
cAcD)(A3cc ccc
cc
c
& c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
c
c c c
c 44c c 4c c Ac c D)(Ac c c 4c c c c c c
cc cc
cc ccccc
cc
c
figura 7c
cc
cccc cc
ccc
c?cc ccc6ccc
cccc
ccc
c c
cc6 c ! cccccc
!c
cc
c
figura 8c
cc
c
ccccc
c
cccccc
c@"c
cc
c
figura 9c
c
cccccc
cc
cc c24c ccc3c
c
cc cccc !c
cc
ccc cc
ccc
cccc
c.9c
c
c
figura 10c
c c c c c c
c
c
c c c c c c
c !c c
c c c 6 c
c c
c
c c c c
c c
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
cccc cc c
cc
c
c
c c
c
CAPÍTULO 6
CIRCUITOS RECTIFICADORES Y FILTROS
cc
c c c c c
c
c c c c
c c c c
c (c c
c c c &c c c c c c
c c 2c
c
cc3cc
cc c c
cc c
cc cc
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c c
cc
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c c
c c 2.3c c c +c c c c c
c c c
c
c
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! c c2/cccBc
3c
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cc
c ccc cccc+c cc c
c
cc.cc+c
c c c 0c c
c c c c +c c c c c c
c c c c c c
ccc c
ccc
c
cc
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cc c
c c c c c c c c c c
c
c
c c c c
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c
cccccc ccc
c cc
c c c c c !c c c
c c c c
c c
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c
c c c c
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
c
cc cccccccc
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cc
c
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cc c+.0cccc
cc ccc
c c
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cc+.c
c c70ccc
cc c+10cccccc cc c
c+0c
c cc c+ccccccccccc
cc+c
cc c ccc
c !ccccc
ccc
cc
c c
c
c cc c c c c
c c c !c c
c cc
c
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cc
c
cc
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c
c
c
cc
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c
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c
c
c c
PROBADOR DE CONTINUIDAD
cccc .c c ccc
cc
c c cc
cc
c c
c c c c c
c c c
c c c c c c c
c
cc
c
a c
El circuito impreso"cc
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cc cccccc
cc c
cc cc cc
c
c
c
c c ! c c c c c c c c c c c
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& cc ccc
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c
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c
cc c cc ccccccc !c c
cc
c ccccc ccc
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c c c c c c c c c c c &
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cc
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c
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c
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
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c
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7
cc
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cc
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c
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c
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c c <8K$c c c c
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cc
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c c !c c
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cc cc c
ccc
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!c c c c
c c
c c c c c c 3c
c c c c c c c c
c c c
c c c c c c
c c c
cc ccc
cc
ccc cccc ccc c c !cccc
c &c c c c
c c c
c c c c c
c c
cc
c
c
cccc
c c c c & c c c
c c c c c c
c c
c c c c c c c c
c
c c c &c c c
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cc
c
ccccccccc c "cc
Bcc ccc
ccc ccc
cc6 cc
cc cc c cccc
c cc
Bc 4c c c c c c c 6c
c
c c c
c c
cc
Bc (c c c c c c c c c !c c c
c c c
c
ccccc
c c c c c c & c c !c c c c !c c
c c c c
&cc
ccc!cc
ccc& c
ccc c
cccc
cccc ccc ccc !ccc
c
Lista de componentesc
ccc cccc ccc c c !cccc
c &c c c c
c c c
c c c c c
c c
cc
c
c
cccc
c c c c & c c c
c c c c c c
c c
c c c c c c c c
c
c c c &c c c
cc<cc8cccc cc!cc
cc
c
ccccccccc c "cc
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ccc ccc
cc6 cc
cc cc c cccc
c cc
Bc 4c c c c c c c 6c
c
c c c
c c
cc
Bc (c c c c c c c c c !c c c
c c c
c
ccccc
c c c c c c & c c !c c c c !c c
c c c c
&cc
ccc!cc
ccc& c
ccc c
cccc
cccc ccc ccc !ccc
c
a c
c
Figura 1c
( ccc
cc cc c c ccc ccc cc c
c c
c c 009c +c c cc c c cc
c c c c c c
c cc cc !ccccccc ccc ccc c c
c
Figura 3c
c
Figura 5c
c c c
c D)(c c c c c
c c
c (%B4)c c c c c
c
ccc ccc
ccc c c
c c c c
c c c c c
c c c c
c c c
c c
c c c
c c c c c c c c c c c c
c c c
c c
c c c c c c c
c c c
c cc!c ccc cc
cc c
c
c c
LOCALIZACIÓN DE FALLAS EN LOS CIRCUITOS
c
c
a c
c
c
c
c
cc8c9"c c c c
cc8c9"c aac<
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