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This document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between family support and anxiety in pregnant women facing the birth of their first child during the third trimester. The study hypothesizes that higher levels of family support will be correlated with lower anxiety. Subjects were pregnant women between 7-9 months pregnant with their first child. Scales were used to measure levels of family support received and anxiety experienced. Statistical analysis found a significant negative correlation between family support and anxiety, supporting the hypothesis that increased family support is associated with decreased anxiety for pregnant women nearing birth.
This document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between family support and anxiety in pregnant women facing the birth of their first child during the third trimester. The study hypothesizes that higher levels of family support will be correlated with lower anxiety. Subjects were pregnant women between 7-9 months pregnant with their first child. Scales were used to measure levels of family support received and anxiety experienced. Statistical analysis found a significant negative correlation between family support and anxiety, supporting the hypothesis that increased family support is associated with decreased anxiety for pregnant women nearing birth.
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This document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between family support and anxiety in pregnant women facing the birth of their first child during the third trimester. The study hypothesizes that higher levels of family support will be correlated with lower anxiety. Subjects were pregnant women between 7-9 months pregnant with their first child. Scales were used to measure levels of family support received and anxiety experienced. Statistical analysis found a significant negative correlation between family support and anxiety, supporting the hypothesis that increased family support is associated with decreased anxiety for pregnant women nearing birth.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Verfügbare Formate
Als DOCX, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
Anxiety WITH PREGNANT WOMEN FACING CHILD BIRTH FIRST IN THE THIRD QUARTER Budi train Aprianawati Rr. Indah Ria Sulistyorini S. Psi., Psi ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the relationship between family support with anxiety of pregnant women facing the birth of their first child during the third quarter. Alleged early proposed in this research is that there is a negative relationship between family support with anxiety of pregnant women facing the birth of their first child during the third quarter. The higher family support received, the lower the anxiety of pregnant women facing birth first child during the third quarter. Subjects in this study were pregnant women with pregnancy of seven to nine month containing the first child and have a husband. The collecting subjects method used was purposive. Pregnancy Anxiety Scale refers to those aspects that presented by Maher (Calhoun and Acocella, 1990). Family Support Scale refers to aspects put forward by Taylor (1995). Methods of data analysis in this study using correlation techniques SPSS 12.0 for windows to test whether there is any relationship between family support and the anxiety pregnant women deal with the birth of their first child during the third quarter. Product moment correlation of Pearson correlation indicated by r = -0, 392 with p = 0, 006 which means there is a relationship a highly significant correlation between family support and the anxiety of pregnant women facing birth first child during the third quarter. So the research hypothesis accepted. Keywords: Family Support, Anxiety Pregnant Women Facing the Birth of Children First In Third Quarter Period A. INTRODUCTION Background First pregnancy for a woman is one of the periods of crisis in his life. This new experience gives a mixed feeling frosted, between happy and hopeful with worries about what will experienced during pregnancy. Anxiety can arise because the long time awaiting the birth of uncertainty, other than that the shadow of things daunting when the birth process, although what he imagined not necessarily occur. This situation causes a drastic change, not just physical but also psychological (Kartono, 1992). Months from September to November 2003, the Office of Special Services Section West Java Provincial Health in cooperation with Bandung Mental Hospital, Mental Hospital Cimahi, and Section of Psychiatry FKUP / RSHS conducted a survey on mental health pregnant and lactating mothers in 112 health centers 24 districts of West Java Province. Results This study shows, 798 persons or (27%) of 2928 pregnant women respondents and lactation, showed signs of anxiety or psychiatric disorders anxiety, (www.pikiranrakyatbandung.com). Taylor (1995) says that anxiety is an experience subjective about the disturbing mental tension as a general reaction and inability to face the problem or any sense of security. Feelings This unpleasant generally cause physiological symptoms (such as trembling, sweating, heart rate increases, etc.) and symptoms psychological (such as panic, tense, confused, unable to concentrate, and etc.). With more and more parents of pregnancy, the attention and minds of pregnant women start fixed on something that is considered the climax, so the anxiety and fear experienced by pregnant women will be more intense just before childbirth (Kartono, 1992). Fear before the delivery of top ranked most commonly experienced by mothers during pregnancy (Lestaringsih, 2006). Buffering hypothesis refers to the theory which holds that social support affects health by protecting individuals from the effects of negative stress. This protection will be effective only when individuals face severe stressor. Family support, especially support that is obtained from husband will meimbulkan inner peace and feelings of pleasure in self wife (Dagun, 1991). Based on the exposure to the above, family support given to Pregnant women can foster a sense of calm, safe, and comfortable so anxiety can affect pregnant women. Reader Reviews Anxiety Pregnant Women Facing the Birth of First Child In The Third Quarter According to Lazarus (1976) anxiety is a psychological condition threaten the existence of the individual, where this causes the threat is not clear so that individuals feel no do not know, confused, and scared to be able to face the future. Maramis (1980) says that anxiety is a tension, insecurity, fear, arising because it is felt will experience an unpleasant incident. Face the birth of a baby is a concrete situation or condition that threatens self which causes a feeling tense, worried, scared, at first pregnant woman (Zanden, 1985). According Heerdjan and Hudono (Hermawati et al, 1994) that the pregnancy third trimester, psychological and emotional life of the pregnant woman dominated by feelings and thoughts about the upcoming labor and responsibility as a mother who will take care of her child. Women for the first time contain, will feel restless, anxious, and afraid to face pain manjelang time of delivery. From the above description, it was concluded that the anxiety experienced by women during pregnancy it will be more intensive during the last weeks before delivery. From the various definitions of this anxiety, the authors to the conclusion that pregnant women face the anxiety of child birth The first period of the third quarter is a psychological condition or feelings unpleasant that threatens an individual in the womb seven - nine months in which the object of anxiety that are unclear or vague due to physiological changes such as changes in body shape or the more enlarged uterus and stomach dropped and pressures which is felt in the stomach that cause psychological instability, such as fear, worry, anxiety and do not know what will happen and who should she do after her first child was born. Family Support Defined family support from social support. Definition of support social is still debated even lead to a contradiction (Yanuasti, 2001). Social support is often known by other terms of support emotion of sympathy, which is testament to the affection, attention, and willingness to listen to the grievances of others. A number of other people potential to provide support are referred to as significant other, eg as a wife of his significant other is a husband, children, parents, in-laws, and brothers and sisters. Sarafino (1990) says that the needs, capabilities, and resources support changes throughout a person's life. Family is the first environment that is known by individuals in the process socialization. Family support is aid that can be given to other families in the form of goods, services, information and advice, which makes support recipient will feel loved, appreciated, and peaceful (Taylor, 1995). Rodi and Salovey (Smet, 1994) revealed that marital and family is a source of social support are most important. From the definition mentioned, the authors conclude that family support is very useful in controlling a person's level anxiety and may also reduce the pressures that exist in conflict happen to him. Support in the form of encouragement, motivation, empathy, or assistance that can make another individual feel calmer and safer. Support is obtained from the family consisting of husband, parent, or other close family. Support families can bring a sense of fun, a sense of safe, feeling satisfied, feeling comfortable and making the person feel emotional support which will affect mental wellbeing human. Family support associated with the formation of mental balance and psychological satisfaction. Hypothesis In this study proposed the hypothesis, which reads as follows: there negative relationship between family support and the anxiety of pregnant women deal with the birth of their first child during the third quarter. The higher family support the lower the anxiety levels of pregnant women deal with the birth of their first child during the third quarter. B. RESEARCH METHOD Identify Research Variables Variables used in this study are: 1. Independent variables: Family Support. 2. Dependent variable: Maternal Anxiety Facing Child Birth First On Third Quarter Period. Operational Definition of Research Variables 1. Anxiety Pregnant Women Facing the Birth of Children First At The Quarter Third Maternal anxiety during the third quarter of the first child is feeling or unpleasant psychological condition due to changes physiological factors that cause psychological instability, and marked with physiological symptoms and psychological and occurs when individuals experiencing feelings of pressure, frustration, worry, and fear experienced by women women who will give birth to her first child and pregnancy in the third quarter ie seven to nine months. Pregnant women face the anxiety of child birth first during the third quarter measured using maternal anxiety scale namely pregnant scale prepared by researchers who are based on aspects emotional, cognitive, and physiological. The higher the score, the higher scale anxiety levels of pregnant women facing the birth of their first child during the quarter third. 2. Family Support Family support is a useful aid in emotional and a positive influence in the form of information, instrumental assistance, emotional, and assessments provided by family members consisting of husband, parents, and other relatives of a pregnant woman will give birth to a child first during the third quarter to improve the physical welfare and psyche. Family support was measured by using a scale of family support compiled by researchers based on aspects of assessment, instrumental aspects, aspects information, and emotional aspects. The higher the score on the scale then the higher the family support received by pregnant women who will gave birth to her first child. Research Subjects The subject of this study is that pregnant mothers will give birth to a baby first and kandungannnya age has entered the third quarter, seven up to nine months to check the ingredients in several hospitals Maternity Purwokerto. Subjects were imposed in this study using a purposive sampling technique. Data Collection Method Scale as a method for data collection aimed to measure the extent of support for families with pregnant women face anxiety The first child born during the third quarter. Anxiety Scale Pregnant Women Facing the Birth of Children First In Period Third Quarter Anxiety scale is intended to express high or low anxiety of pregnant women facing the birth of their first child during the third quarter. Maternal anxiety scale consists of aspects of emotional, cognitive, and physiological. These aspects are compiled into aitem-aitem a form of positive statement (Favorable) and negative statements (unfavorable). The total number of aitem on this scale is 50 aitem which has four alternative answers to the SS (Very Under), S (As), TS (Not Available), STS (Very Not Available). Family Support Scale Family support scale is intended to express high lack of family support received yng mother during her pregnancy. Scale Family Support consists of aspects of assessment, instrumentar, informational, and emotional. These aspects are compiled into a form aitem-aitem the positive (favorable) and negative statements (unfavorable). The total number aitem on this scale is 50 aitem which has four alternative answers are SS (Very line), S (line), TS (Not Available), STS (Very Not Available). Data Analysis Method Data obtained in this study will be analyzed statistically using the technique of Pearson Product Moment Correlation for know the relationship between the Family Support Pregnant Women With Anxiety Facing the Birth of First Child In The Third Quarter. For simplify the calculation of statistics, then performed the analysis using assistance programs Statisical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 12.00 For Windows. C. RESEARCH RESULTS Table 1 Description of Research Data Empirical hypothetical Score Score Variable X Min Max Mean SD X X X Min Max Mean SD K I H 33 132 82.5 16.5 46 87 69.5 10.884 D C 40 160 100 20 98 160 138.725 13.10899 Description: KIH = Anxiety Pregnant Facing the Birth of First Child D K = Family Support Table 2 Variable Data Categorization Anxiety Pregnant Women Facing Child Birth First In The Third Quarter Category Total Percentage Score Range Very Low x <52.8 2 5% Low x 72.6 52.8 21 52.5% Medium 72.6 <x 92.4 17 42.5% Height 92.4 <x 112.2 0 0% Very High x> 112.2 0 0% Total 40 100% Table 3 Variable Data Categorization Family Support Category Total Percentage Score Range Very Low x <64 0 0% Low 64 x 88 0 0% Medium 88 <x 112 2 5% Height 112 <x 136 14 35% Very High x> 136 24 60% Total 40 100% The hypothesis proposed in this study stated that there negative relationship between family support and the anxiety of pregnant women deal with the birth of their first child during the third quarter has a correlation of r = -0, 392 with p = 0.006. This figure shows the relationship highly significant correlation between both variables. Thus, the hypothesis that stated there is a relationship between family support and the anxiety of pregnant women deal with the birth of first child received the third quarter. D. DISCUSSION The results of this study showed that the correlation coefficient r = -0.392 with p = 0.006 (p <0.01). Based on the results of data analysis it was found that hypothesis research that states there is a negative relationship between family support with anxiety of pregnant women facing the birth of their first child during the third quarter accepted. This means that the higher the family support the lower anxiety levels of pregnant women facing the birth of their first child during the quarter The third, and vice versa. Receipt of the hypothesis indicates that the influence of family support to deal with the birth of first child anxiety experienced by mothers pregnant. Family support to pregnant women may cause inner calm and sense of excitement in pregnant women. Families have major role in giving impetus to his wife before the other party to give my encouragement (Dagun, 1990). Zanden (2007) says that the face of labor is a concrete conditions which threaten the self that causes feelings of pregnant women tense, worried, and scared. Therefore, pregnant women trying to be successful in deal with the situation as well as possible until the delivery arrives. Presence physiological changes that cause psychological instability during pregnant foster ongoing concern in the face of birth first baby in pregnant women. Such feelings will materialize in the form some anxiety. Anxiety is followed by a feeling indecisive, there are times less realized by the concerned so that last long in her the longer will have the frequency and intensity is higher. Changes emotion is not the same in every pregnant woman. These differences depend on individual personality, who never experienced the type of stress, and emotional support obtained from the woman (Effendi & Tjahjono, 1999). Some researchers suggest an increased dependence on both physical and psychological in pregnant women. Research Werner (2000) concluded that the physical and psychological changes that occur in pregnant women increases dependency need. Research also shows the need for attention larger, the desire to ensure that the assistance they need available, and the desire for the involvement of friends and family. This is reinforced with research Marks & Kumar (Oktavia, 2001) which shows that anxiety experienced by pregnant women are more present in their receive less social support. Factors that can reduce anxiety occur in women who give birth is the presence of family support can be either from husbands, family or other relatives, parents, and in-laws. Support families who obtained the prospective mother will be feeling calm, positive attitude toward themselves and their pregnancy, it is expected that mothers to maintain good pregnancy until delivery. By having family support is expected to maintain the condition of pregnant women psychological health and more receptive to physical changes and control emotions that arise. Family support, especially support that is obtained the husband will generate peace of mind and feeling happy in myself wife (Dagun, 1991). The results showed that 52.5% of pregnant women facing the subject first birth is at a low anxiety category, 60% subjects rate that the support obtained from family is very high. Family support high due to the emotional support, support insrumental, informational support, and provided a good assessment of family to pregnant women, are able to foster good relations between families and pregnant women and prevent anxiety caused by physical changes which affect the psychological condition. Pregnant women with family support High will not be easy to assess the situation with anxiety, because pregnant women with this condition know that there will be families who are helped. Woman pregnant with high family support will change in response to the source anxiety and went to her family to pour out his heart. In line with this research, Sagrestano, et al (1999) mentions in his research that social support is shown to provide beneficial effects on physical and mental kesehtan in pregnant women. The research also found donations affective family support against the anxiety of pregnant women facing the birth of their first child at the time The third quarter is sebesar15, 4%. This shows there are 84.6% for other variables the influence of anxiety when faced baby's birth in women first pregnancy. The possibility that other variables, among others, are status and the level of socio-economic and knowledge about pregnancy. A woman first pregnancy has not been well established that social and economic will feel anxious, and afraid in meeting the needs of the baby to be born, and vice versa. Worry deal with the birth of a baby is also affected by the level of knowledge about pregnancy. A pregnant woman first having knowledge of the pregnancy well lets himself be able to anticipate and prepare yourself to overcome anxiety in the face of birth her baby as well as vice versa. In conducting research there are methodological weaknesses: the proportion of family support is not explicit. Sources of family support husband, parents, family or others do not have distribution percentage clear. On a scale of maternal anxiety made by researchers, there aitem containing causing social desirability low validity and reliability on the instruments. E. CONCLUSION Results of data analysis and discussion in this study showed that there is a very significant negative relationship between family support with anxiety of pregnant women facing the birth of their first child during the third quarter. These results prove that the higher the family support received pregnant women face the birth of their first child during the third quarter it will be the lower the anxiety experienced by pregnant mothers, as well as on the contrary the lower the family support received by pregnant women face the birth of her first child during the third quarter, the higher anxiety experienced by pregnant mothers. Donations affective family support against the anxiety of pregnant women facing birth of 15.4% and 84.6% Another is the contribution of other factors outside the family support. F. ADVICE 1. For further research Woman's anxiety during pregnancy can be influenced by several Other factors such as personal circumstances of pregnant women, pregnant women the level of knowledge about birth and birth, marital status, socioeconomic status, anxiety toward the baby, and so forth that need to be considered at the further research. Also recommended for more attention to content on variabelvariabelnya. In studies that use sources of support from family encouraged to share proportionately with the clear support in accordance with designated sources. Subsequent research suggested using the tool measure that has proven validity and reliability are high and do not contain social desirability. 2. For Mother Who Faced Birth On first pregnancy, so we should bear for pregnant women to prepare themselves both physically and psychologically. Can physically done by maintaining health with a nutritious diet, exercise pregnant women allocated, check content on an ongoing basis, and so forth. The psychic is old enough, be positive in deal with pregnancy, is able to control emotions in order ability to adapt in certain situations and gain knowledge about pregnancy and childbirth. All this was shown to maintain the health of mothers and children and avoid the emergence of anxiety in pregnant women. 3. For Families Families are expected to continue to provide support. With the support from family will help pregnant women in overcoming problems they experienced during pregnancy and before the birth process which will prevent pregnant women from anxiety. 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