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com
HEAT CAPACITY
&
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
TOPIC 11: THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
 APPLIED TO IT?
WHEN THERMAL ENERGY IS
WHAT HAPPENS TO MATTER

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 Change
the temperature
CAN

OF THE MATTER
THERMAL ENERGY

Change
the state

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 FOCUS ON
CHANGING THE
TEMPERATURE
OF THE SUBSTANCE

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 WHAT DO WE KNOW?

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When heat is applied to a substance.
The temperature of the substance will increase.

Change in
Temperature of
substance

Heat Energy Applied

 HEAT CAPACITY

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The amount of heat energy needed to
increase the temperature of a substance
by 1 Kelvin or by 1 degrees Celsius.

Q Heat
Heat
Capacity C = Energy

 Change in
Temperature
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“100g of water requires 12 600J of
thermal energy to raise it from
30 C to 60 C”
0 0

Calculate its heat capacity.

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“100g of water requires 12 600J of
thermal energy to raise it from
30 C to 60 C”
0 0

Calculate the heat capacity for

1000g of water.
 HEAT CAPACITY

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m m
Q Q
C C
The heavier the mass of the substance,
more thermal energy needed to increase
the temperature by 1K,
the bigger the heat capacity.
 How much thermal energy do we need to

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increase the temperature of these substance ?

aluminium cooper

How can we compare the heat capacity of

different materials more meaningfully ?
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EXAMINE THE HEAT
CAPACITY PER UNIT MASS
OR
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
OF THE SUBSTANCE
 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

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The amount of thermal energy required to
raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance
by 1 K or 1 C
0

Change in
1 kg Temperature by
1 K or 1ºC

Heat Energy Applied

 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

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is a property of the material.

Each material has its own unique

specific heat capacity.

The SI unit of specific heat capacity is Jkg K

-1 -1
 Aluminium

900 J/kgK
HEAT
SPECIFIC

CAPACITIES

Copper

400 J/kgK
Brass

380 J/kgK

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 Water

4200 J/kgK

Ice
2100 J/kgK

Glass
HEAT
SPECIFIC

670 J/kgK
CAPACITIES

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 CAPACITY MEAN ?
WHAT DOES THE VALUE
FOR THE SPECIFIC HEAT

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Copper
1 kg of Cooper requires 400J
of thermal energy to increase
its temperature by 1K.

400 J/kgK
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Water
1 kg of water requires 4200J
of thermal energy to increase
its temperature by 1K.
4200 J/kgK
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Which of the two substances will be easier to
heat up?
Brass
Ice
2100 J/kgK

380 J/kgK
Aluminium

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900 J/kgK
Glass 670 J/kgK

Which of the two substances will take longer

time to heat up?
 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

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For different substances of equal masses,

m m
Q  c c Q
 

The higher the specific heat capacity,

more thermal energy is needed to
increase its temperature by 1K.
 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

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The amount of thermal energy required to
raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance
by 1 K or 1 C
0

Q Heat
Heat
c= Energy

m
Capacity
Change in
Temperature

Mass
WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF
THERMAL ENERGY?

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Bunsen Burner Electric Burner

Thermal Energy = Power X Time Taken

Q Heater = P x t
 EXAMPLE EXERCISE 1

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What is the amount of energy required to
raise the temperature of 2 kg copper from
30 C to 80 C, given that the specific heat
0 0

capacity of copper is 400 Jkg C ?

-1 0 -1
 EXAMPLE EXERCISE 1

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Thermal Specific Heat Change in
= Mass X X
Energy Capacity Temperature

Q Cu = mCu X cCu X  Cu

= 2 kg X 400 J/kgºC X (80 - 30)ºC

Q Cu =
 EXAMPLE EXERCISE 2

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An electric kettle contains an immersion heater
of power 2.0 kW. It takes 5 minutes to heat
2.0 kg of water from 30 C to 100 C.
0 0

Assuming no energy is lost to the surrounding,

what is the specific heat capacity of water?
 EXAMPLE EXERCISE 2

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Thermal Energy supplied Thermal Energy use to increase
=
to water by heater temperature of the water

Q heater = Q water
Pheater X t = m water X c water X  water
2000W X 300s = 2kg X c water X (100 - 30)ºC

c water =
 EXAMPLE EXERCISE 3

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0.3 kg of water at 100 0C is poured into a
copper vessel of mass 0.1 kg at 30 C.
0

What is the final temperature of water

assuming there is no energy lost to the
surroundings?

Specific heat capacity of copper = 400 Jkg-1 0C-1

Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 Jkg-1 0C-1
 EXAMPLE EXERCISE 3

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Initial Final

0.1 kg ? 0C
0.3 kg
100 0C 300C

water copper water & copper

c water = 4200 J/kg0C c Cu = 400 J/kg0C

 EXAMPLE EXERCISE 3

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Thermal Energy lost Thermal Energy gained
=
by water by copper

Q water = Q copper
m water c water  water = m Cu c Cu  Cu

0.3kg X 4200J/kg0C X (100 - ) 0C = 0.1kg X 400J/kg0C X ( - 30) 0C

=
 SUMMARIZATION

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“Heat Capacity, C” “Specific Heat Capacity, c”

The amount of thermal The amount of thermal

energy required to energy required to
increase the temperature increase the temperature
of a substance by of 1 kg of a substance by
1 K or 10C 1 K or 10C

Q c = Q
C =
 m

J/ C
0 J/K J/kg C
0 J/kgK
 SUMMARIZATION

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Thermal Energy supplied Thermal Energy to increase
=
to substance by heater temperature of the substance

=
 SUMMARIZATION

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Thermal Energy lost Thermal Energy gained
=
by Substance A by Substance B

=
 HEAT CAPACITY

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m m
Q Q
C C
The heavier the mass of the substance,
more thermal energy needed to increase
the temperature by 1K,
the bigger the heat capacity.
 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

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For different substances of equal masses,

m m
Q  c c Q
 

The higher the specific heat capacity,

more thermal energy is needed to
increase its temperature by 1K.