SHARDA UNIVERSITY

APPLIED CHEMISTRY
CHY-102
CONDUCTING POLYMERS

Ô SUBMITTED BY:-
Ú ñUNAL ñAPUR
Ú MD.MANJAR HUSSAIN
Ú ANIMESH JAISWAL
Ú ñAVISH SATIJA
Ú JITESH CHAWLA
Ú AñSHEY BAJAJ
SUBMITTED TO:-
DR.NOOPUR SHRIVASTAV
CONDUCTING POLYMERS
A polymer which can conduct electricity is
termed as conducting polymer.
EXAMPLES:
1.Polyaniline is used to make rechargeable
batteries in the shape as flat buttons or as
laminated rolled films.
2.Polypyrrole is used in µsmart¶ windows .These
smart windows can change their colour in
response to changes in temperature or amount
of sunlight. The colour change is from a
transparent yellow-green to blue-black.
ADVANTAGES
G It is being said that µone day conducting
polymers may be used in place of metals in
electrical wiring.¶.
G Lighter weight.
G They do not corrode.
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S 
S
 INTRINSICALLY
CONDUCTING
POLYMERS

CONDUCTING DOPED
POLYMERS HAVING CONDUCTING
CONJUGATION POLYMERS

EXTRINSICALLY
CONDUCTING
POLYMERS

CONDUCTING BLENDED
ELEMENTS FILLED CONDUCTING
POLYMER POLYMEERS
INTRINSICALLY CONDUCTING
POLYMERS
These polymers have extensive conjugation in
the backbone which is responsible for
conductance.
 CONDUCTING POLYMERS HAVING
CONJUGATION
G Such polymers contain conjugated pie-electrons in the
backbone which increases their conductivity to a large
extent.
G Overlapping of conjugated pie-electrons over the
entire backbone results in the formation of valence
bands as well as conduction bands.
G The valence band and the conduction bands are
separated by a significant band gap.
G Electrical conduction could occur only after
thermal or photolytic activation of electrons
to give them sufficient energy to jump the
gap and reach into the lower levels of the
conduction band.
G EXAMPLES:
(1)POLYACETYLENE
(2)POLYPYRROLE
(3) POLYANILINE
GDISADVANTAGE
Conductivity of these polymer, having
conjugated pie-electrons in the backbone is
not sufficient for their use in different
applications.
DOPED CONDUCTING
POLYMERS
These polymers have doping of positive or negative
charge on polymer backbone.
Conductivities of previous type can be increased by
creating positive or negative charge on polymer
backbone by oxidation or reduction.
GP-DOPING
It is done by oxidation process.
Conducting polymers of previous type is treated with
lewis acid (A) or with iodine vapour or iodine in CCl4.
GN-DOPING
It is done by reduction process.
Conducting polymer of previous type is treated
with lewis base (B) like sodium naphthalide.
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Dopants HCl BF4-,ClO4- Tosylate

Conductivity 1000 500-7500 1000

(S cm-1)
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE
CONDUCTIVITY OF ORGANIC
POLYMERS

G Conjugation length of the polymer chain.

G Doping Level.
G Temperature.
G Frequency of current.
INTERSTING RANGE OF
PROPERTIES OFFERED BY
INTRINSICALLY CONDUCTING
POLYMERS
GC ti it .
G A ilit t t r r .
G A ilit t i .
GA r ti f i i l li tt i l r
r t .
G Tr r t -r .
SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION
DEPENDS ON ACHIEVING THE
FOLLOWING FEATURES :

G Advantage in processing.
G Excellent properties in products.
G Economy.
G Good product stability.
G More efficient recycling.
G Demonstration of ecological advantages.
LIMITATIONS OF INTRINSICALLY
CONDUCTING POLYMERS
G Their conductivities are inferior to metal.

m
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POLYACETYLENE 400000 S cm-1
Cu 600000 S cm-1

G Improcessibility.
G Poor mechanical strength.
G Poor stability under exposure to common
environmental conditions, particularly at elevated
temperatures.
G Poor storage stability leading to loss in
conductivity.
EXTRINSICALLY CONDUCTING
POLYMERS
G These polymers owe their conductivity due
to the presence of externally added
ingredients in them.
CONDUCTIVE ELEMENT FILLED
POLYMER

G In this, the polymer acts as the binder to

hold the conducting element (such as
carbon black, metallic fibers, metallic
oxides,etc.) together in the solid entity.
G Generally, special conducting grade C-
Black is used as filler which has very high
surface area, more porosity and more of
filamentous properties.
GADVANTAGES
Ú Good bulk conductivity.
Ú Low in cost.
Ú Light in weight.
Ú Mechanically durable and strong.
Ú Easily processable in different forms,
shapes and sizes.

GDISADVANTAGE
Ú Addition of as little as 10% carbon black
will drastically reduce the tensile strength.
BLENDED CONDUCTING
POLYMERS
G These polymers are obtained by blending a
conventional polymer with a conducting
polymer. Such polymers possess better
physical, chemical, electrical and mechanical
properties and they can be easily processed.
For example :-
upto 40% of polypyrrole will have little efffect on
tensile strength than obtained with a carbon-
black filled compound at only 10% loading.
APPLICATIONS OF CONDUCTING
POLYMERS

G IN RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES
G IN ANALYTICAL SENSORS
G FOR MAñING ION-EXCHANGERS
G IN ELECTROCHEMICAL DISPLAYS AND
OPTICAL FILTERS
G IN ELECTRONICS
G IN PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES
THANñ YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION