CARPET INDUSTRY

MADE BY:
Vishal Sahiia
&
Shameer Khan
The art of making carpets was
probably developed on the plains of
Central Asia about a thousands of
years ago.

Historians believe that carpet-

making was introduced to the
region now constituting Pakistan as
far back as the 11th century, with
the coming of the first conquerors
the Ghaznavids , and the Ghauris .
•It provides jobs to 1.5 million people in the country.
•It contributes to the relief of poverty in rural areas.
•It earns US$ 145 million in foreign exchange annually
(2008-09)
•More than 99% of carpets made in the country are exported.
•Average share in total exports varies from 2.5 to 3.5%.
•There are six leading carpet suppliers in the world market:
Iran, Pakistan, India ,China, Nepal & Turkey.
•Iranian & Pakistani handmade carpets dominate US market.
The German market for silk carpet is dominated by India &
China. The southeast Asian market is dominated by china &
Pakistan.
The tradition of textile weaving has
survived in the shape of folk culture in
various parts of Pakistan.
The textile designs, architecture &
characteristic of folk culture point to the
floral & geometric patterns that are basic to
carpet designing. This clearly shows that
the art of carpet-making & designing
existed in the region from very old times.
Carpets have, from the
beginning, been a part of
the Islamic culture as it
achieved unprecedented
heights in Baghdad,
Damascus, Cordoba, Delhi &
in the fabled cities of
central Asia.

They were used to cover the

floors of mosques & houses
& were occasionally used as
wall decorations.
Established carpet
weaving in Indo- Pak
sub-continent started
under the patronage of
the Mughals, when
Indian craftsmen
adopted Persian
techniques & designs.
During the Mughal
period the carpet made
in the indo-Pak sub
continent became so
famous.
Nomads keep their own animals that provides
them with material for their weavings. The
weaving take place on horizontal looms & the
patterns which have been inspired by the
surrroundings of the nomads are passed on
from generations to generations.
Raising sheeps is the main income for the
nomads.
The weavers usually only have
a simple sketch. The carpet,
not much bigger than dozer
(200x140cm) are often tied on
a warp with handspun wool
from their own sheep, dyed
with natural colors.
The village carpets are often
rustic, charming and easy to
recognize.
The weaving here is done in a more controlled way than in
nomadic camps and in the homes.
The looms allows manufacturing of very large carpets.
Several weavers work at the same time on a carpet where the
yarn & tools are supplied by the owner of the workshop.
During the work, The weaver follow a pattern drawn on a
millimeter squared paper.
The process is controlled regularly & none of the deviations &
irregularities are allowed here.
The materials being used
in a carpet determines
the final result of carpet
and how it grows old.
The most commonly used
material is SHEEP WOOL.
Other materials may also
be used.
1. Horizontal loom
2. Vertical loom
3. Hand tools
The distance on the sides
between the two beams
determines the wide the
carpet should be & the
upper & lower beam
decides the length of the
carpet.

A loom consist of a frame

consisting of 4 beams
which holds the warp,
tightened while the carpets
are being made.
•The construction of vertical
loom is similar to the
horizontal looms & it has 2
beams on the side. One close
to the ground & one beam at
the top.

•The size of the carpet is

limited to these dimensions.
•Carpets that are made this
way are exact in their
measurement than others.
Comb is usually made up Scissor is made in
of wood & metal. It is metal. It is used for
used to pack together cutting the pile on the
the knots & the wefts in
carpet after one or
the rows after every row
in the carpet.
more rows have been
tied.

It has two functions: it is
partly used to hook onto
the yarn between the
warp threads with the
small hook & also to cut
the yarn afterwards.
It is used when spinning
by hand. It usually
consist of rod & an
attached trundle which
stabilizes the weight
when the tool is spinning.
This tool consists of The pattern is drawn on a
small metal spikes squared sheet where every
attached to a soft square corresponds to one
bedding. single knot. By using a
It is used to brush the design plate you achieve a
wool & the threads when more exact pattern.
repairing. The design plates are also
called “talim” .
Quantity and value of export of carpets and rugs

Year Quantity value Rs./sq meter

(mill sq. meter) (Rs. mill)

1980-81 2243 2.5 897.2

1981-82 1679 1.9 883.7
1982-83 1913 2.2 869.5
1983-84 2323 4.7 494.3
1984-85 2031 2.1 967.1
1985-86 2693 2.7 897.4
1986-87 2439 2.8 1228.0
1987-88 4445 3.1 1434.0
1988-89 4451 3.1 1435.8
1989-90 4923 3.3 1497.4
1990-91 5003 3.5 1409.7
1991-92 5709 3.9 1453.8
1992-93 4524 3.3 1368.0
1993-94 4583 3.1 1468.9
1994-95 6116 3.4 1812.0
1995-96 7131 3.7 1946.0
1996-97 7820 3.7 2113.5
1997-98 8709 3 .5 2522.0
1998-99 10209 3.8 2681.0
1999-00 13686 5.1 2662.1
2000-01 17015 6.3 2666.1
2001-02 15275 5.1 3006.9

Source: Pakistan Economic Survey 2001-02

1. USA
2. GERMANY
3. ITALY
4. UK
5. FRANCE
6. UAE
7. JAPAN
8. CANADA
9. SPAIN
10.GREECE
Overview and quick facts
• Why should we care?

• Definitions: Child labour

• What is bonded labour?

• Quick facts
Why should we care?
"Our greatest natural resource is the
minds of our children." - Walt Disney

Because of their unique and

vulnerable position, children are
denied the basic working rights and
wages given to adults.

Children are most often employed in

the informal and unregulated sectors
of the global economy, for example in
agriculture, and as a result they find
themselves easy targets for abuse,
intimidation and sexual exploitation.
Defining child labor:

Though definitions vary, child labor means work that is

done by children under the age of 15 (14 in some
developing countries) which restricts or damages a
child's physical, emotional, intellectual, social and/or
spiritual growth.
 CONT………..

Most people agree that when we speak about

child labor, we mean labor which is intolerable
or harmful to children, or which denies them
their right to fully develop, to play or to go to
school.
 

Child labor includes:

• Work performed by children under the age of

15
• Long hours of work on a regular or full-time
basis
• Abusive treatment by the employer
• No access, or poor access, to education
 What is bonded labor?

Three types of bonded labour exist in

practice around the world.

• The first is when a child inherits a debt

carried by his or her parents.
 
• Another form of bonded labour occurs
when a child is used as collateral for a
loan. For example, a parent facing an
unusually large or urgent expense would
use this method to obtain necessary
money.
 
• Finally, a child worker can enter into
bondage to their employer by requesting
an advance on future wages they expect
to earn.
 CONT…..

• Globally, 218 million children are child laborers

• 126 million of these children are engaged in

hazardous work

• 73 million working children are less than 10 years

old 

• Every year, 22,000 children die in work-related

accidents

• The largest number of working children-122

million-are in the Asia-Pacific region
 •Globally the majority of child laborers
come from the poorer sections of
society.

• Social exclusion and discrimination, a

result of poverty and ethnic and gender
biases, are important factors that keep
children out of school and force them to
work. 

•Ending poverty and increasing access

to education are therefore crucial tools in
the fight against ending child labor.
 Child Labor in the
Carpet Industry

•The most commonly recognized exports from Pakistan

that use child labor are carpets

•A 1992 UNICEF-Punjab report stated that at least 1

million out of 1.5 million workers in the carpet industry in
Pakistan were children and another report in 1992, from
UNICEF/Government of Pakistan reported that 90% of 1
million workers in the carpet industry were children, many
of whom began working in the carpet industry before age
10.

•In 1994 The Asian-American Free Labor Institute

investigated 5 factories and found child labor in 4 of the
factories, none of which used the "parent-child" operation
described by the manufacturers.

•Additionally, the bonded labor system (peshgi) is still in

use despite the 1992 Bonded Labor Abolition Act.
 Abuse of child labor in
carpet industry
• Children working in the carpet industry suffer work-related injuries,
earn minimal pay and remain uneducated.

•Most children in the industry have been injured using sharp

instruments, experienced respiratory tract infections, body aches or
suffered physical abuse

• Even the children who weave at home experience poor conditions,

being kept at the loom longer hours in rooms that are generally not
better ventilated or lit than the factories.

•They work 9 to 10 hours per day, with a one-hour break.

•The maximum wage is the equivalent of $1.50 per day.

• They remain uneducated, 42% having never attended school and 58%
having dropped out.
Two main advantages of
child labor to the carpet
makers:

1- Their very low wages and their

docile acceptance of terrible working
conditions

  2- Their good eyesight, which

allows them to perform intricate work
in very poor light.
Recommendations against child labor ...
• Laws affecting children • World day against child labor

• Children youth in action • Participate in campaigns

• Ability to say no • Advice

• Basic education • Government convention

• Discussion session • Priority

• Efforts
When the carpet is woven there are 4 steps
before it is put up for sale.
The pile is cut to the intended
length. In order to give the carpet
an even nice surface & to get a
clear sharp pattern, polishing of
the carpet is needed.
The process is done with a
tool/machine , with a built-in
sucking function.
The carpet is washed
thoroughly in order to
remove dust from the
polishing & to remove loose
colors & also for the colors
to be fixed.
The carpet needs
to be dried properly
after the washing
so that the colors
stabilize & to keep
the shape of the
carpet.
After the polishing, washing & drying the carpet is inspected very
carefully to see that no holes or other demage have occurred
during the treatments.
 SWOT ANALYSIS
•Strengths

•Weaknesses

•Opportunities

•Threats
 Strengths

a.   Product line g.   Competitiveness and Agility

b.   Quality of Management h.   Promoting Sports

c.   Resourcefulness of the i.     Credit Ratings

Sponsors
j.    Interest Free Banking
d.   Flexibility in Approach
k.    Long Term Vision
e.   Innovative products

f.   Largest Bank
 •Weaknesses

g.   Slow Promotions

a.   Overworked Staff
h.   Separation of Activities
b. Too Cautious
I Prayer Room and
c.   Revaluation of Assets Common Room\

d.   Shortage in Capital Adequacy j.   Internees

e.   Over Ambitious k.   Separate HR Department
f.   Over Competitiveness 1. Training is Provided on the
basis of generalization
 Opportunities
a.  Search for New Markets and Avenues

b. Overseas Branches
 Threats
a.  Unstable Political Environment

b. Over Exposure

c. Change in the Foreign Policies

d. Change in the Foreign Aid

e.  Over Expansion