BALL AND ROLLER BEARINGS

ROLLING CONTACT BEARINGS

these bearings, the contact between the bearing elements is rolling instead of sliding as in , bearings. Since the rolling friction is very less as compared to sliding friction these bearings

. known as "Anti-friction Bearings".

ADVANTAGES OF ROLLING BEARINGS COMPARED,TO 'JOURNAL B.EARINGS "''''HUJIJ; friction torque not much greater than the running frictional torque.

adily replaceable, low maintenance and compactness

" Can be pre-loaded causing a ~haft to be stiffer.'

. Ease oflubrication

Less axial space for a comparable shaft diameter

Shaft alignment is more accurate than in the sliding bearings. . It can carry both radi~l as well as thrust loads

~ide versatility with ~espect to mountings.

in-precisionmacliinery due to standardization and close tolerances.

~ ", '

Disadvantages of rolllngb earings compared to journalhearing

',.. . ,'-: :'':

life due to eventual, failure by fatigue >. . i ' .. ' , .. "

:' ,\.-: "

.. ' .• L" .... ~~'vL capacity to withstand shock

. . ' . ' \

. Initial cost Is high

'" ~. ,

. ,

, Greater diametral space

Noise and coefficient of friction is more at higher speeds:

.'.

': ,.-'

., ",CLASSIFICATION of ROLLING CONTACTBE'ARINGS

, , . ; . '> . -l~., _. _:~ .• ~ ; I. .",.:. . .:. .' • !.' • .' \ . 1 '.'.' • -. _ .', ; .

. . are broadly classified into the following two main categories .

. ;'; -. . -.,. .:.-,,,.\~~,.{" .. ' .v ';"~ ~,:-· .• i·:· .. ~ ....•. ~~'., .'-':'.'. ,".

,.:. . ,.\

530

~~.,-':.,~' : \

1. Ball bearings: In these bearings the rolling element is a spherical ball '1.

2. Roller bearings: In these bearings, the rolling element is a roller which conical, spherical or concave

8.3.1 C 'Ball bearings"'"

A simple ball bearing is shown in fig. 8.1. It consists of an outer ring, an ..•. ,,., •.. ,,, the rolling elements and a ~par~to~ or cage. Theseparator separates the t:lt:lll\::,H~~:SI,.l.\l1

will not occur. The otiter'ril;lg', and:inn.y~,rings.;lr.e~&lso,narped as' . .

The rings are made of hardened steel and the separator is made of pressed

separator is made of two parts which are assembled after properlyspacing ... ~ c.. v~ ... u,

. race 'tightly fits witli the shaft,it rotates 'when the shaft )"srohitl'ng:''th'e . bearing housing tightly. The ball bearings can be designed to take either radial

or both. Ball bearings are classified into three groups namely i) R'adial ball: bearing iii) Thrust ball bearing .

i) Radialbal! bearings>

a) Deep groove ball bearing: It is the most commonly us~d bail~daFr"i· support both radial and axial loads. It is shown in fig, 8.1

. b) Self aligning hall bearing' !' Ins -shownin: fig) 8,2: This; bearing which roll on· the' spherical surface of the, outer race. His ~uitaJ:?ly JQ

medium thrust loads.

':

Outer ring

Rolling element

Shoulder ~--~.

Inner ring--::;:=:tN~~'i

Corner radius, r

.. Retainer" , Outer race way

Fig. 8.1 : Deep groove ball bearing

U) Angular ball bearing

It is shown in fig. 8.3. It has deepgroovesin the. races and one shoulder of the outer race partially

removed to al~ow assembly'.1;hi~~i~r¥,tr!1j~. su,i.t,~?le ", , to carry heavier thrust loads or a: combmed thrust

and radial load. .': ,.. ""~' .,; :';, ..

a) Angular contact ball beurtng

(Single row) Fig. 8.3

'~d

T· '

:!..' H

A· I 11 b . . h . f' 8'5" I . . D~' f rl=~a

simp e ro er eanng IS S own In Ig.· .. t'IS '." ..,

, to a ball. bearingexceptthe presence of cy lindrical,

. rollers instead of balls. Thecylindricalrollers :. in cylindrical race ways. The bearing consists of naruenec steel races viz inner race and outer race. The rDllers are positioned between the groove fDrmed

the two races. The rollers are equally spaced and' by a cage or a retainer. Roller bearings can much higher loads than comparably sized ball because they have line contact instead of point tact. It is classified in to the .following types

ymJIUU\.oUl roller bearings ii) Tapered roller bearings Needle roller bearings iv) spherica] roller'bearings, :. Cylindrical-roller bearing

Cylindrical roller bearings: It is shown in fig. 8.5. Taper roller bearing

> These bearings are designed for very high radial ;:i,:-'::; hi.' 8.'5 ::. ',.) ··Fii!.;S.6';·'; .:',/:

,ili.n.is as shown in fig. 8.4. These bearings are,

to carry only thrust loads. "

.r .'._ .1;;

. " .. ~. .

ered. roller bearings:' It combine the: vantages of bull and straight roller bearings, as

.: they can take either radial or· thrust loads. or the.'

. 'on of the two. They are designed so that

element in the roller surface and the raceways ect at a common point on the bearing axis, It

wnin fig. 8c~6~ ~ ~'; r ' '., " I· < •

..... »t- .. ·" . 'i'olle:r bearings: It i~\hown' in fig; 8':-7: .: can carry less thrust load and more radial Ioad ..

bearings a,re self aligned bearings. .

. bearings: It' is ~lso' a typeofroHer'b~ar!ng' .. ., is' biiensivei:y"iised where i'ildi-al space is' " ........ ~._. In these bearings the diameter of the roller

:very small-and no inner-race : ;'";

.-

i .'~ •

,1.<

. ,

, I 1-

J, "

• . .. ' .?: ~) ,

.' ..• -i:

~. f .

t·, I ,'1,

, '> .. ;.;,," .Fig .. 8,7

" ., FA'I'~U:R:~:; :.!, ,':' '.~.:, ", ,:.::" .,:',~":; :: _.'.::~;>:'i.:;. ::,'/ ;:;:~: :.~:Jj{:\~~ : .. (:'~<:':,: :~. : .. ';;:. /.::i(~:l:; ';;,:

bearings which are carefully installed, properly lubricated, kept free of foreign m~tter overloaded. will' fail. due.to. fatigue;,Sih'ce pure.rolling.does not.occur. lnth.~i))p:a~illg, of metal are removed, which is called spalling failure. Failure of lubricant mayalso

f'!iI~m, of .1;>~q~·~ng -. Tru~jt is,d~.w9.~I,t :t9y~e,d!ct}~r Np, 9.fan ,~~:di;Y,~~p~~ b.~~rip:~.! f. ;': r:

532

8.5 STATIC CAPACITY OF BEARING

Staticload is defined as a load acting on a non-rotating bearing.' IJ"';"""''''''''''t appears in ball and race ways under static load of moderate magnitude'and increases with 'increasing load. Experience shows that a total deformation of 0.0001 of occurring at the. most heavily loaded ball and race contact can be applications without affecting the bearing operation,

The basic static load rating is defined as that static radial load which ',,' ',.,' 'r ·rp.,,,,,,,,, permanent deformation of ban and race at the most heavily stressed contact . roller diameter. The magnitude Of basic static load rating Cor isgiven.bY;'_';

C ::::foiZ D 2 COS CI.

or w

where I :::: number of rows of ball

a :::: Normal angle of contact Z :::: Number of balls per row

1·

D w :::: Ball diameter .

fo :::: A constant e 3.34 x 106 for self aligning.·,,' "-.~.7""~,", :::: 12.26 X 106 for radial contact and angular" .. ' ,'!,' !\!""j

8.6 DYNAMIC CAPACITY OF BEARING

It is based on the fatigue life of the material. Life of bearing is ... V''''H_ ..... ' ... '' .. '\ ••. revolutions that the bearing runs before the first evidence of fatigue appears elements. It is necessary to define life in terms of performance of a group of '.. of a single bearing cannot be predicted. Bearings are rated depending upon' I:, ••...•..

a) Average life of a group of bearings

b) Rating life of a group of bearing

:u:'rr~d 'Average life or median life of a group of identical bearings is, .... ¥Jf'! .. -~,'·«,

revolutions that 50% of the bearings will complete or exceed before t~~,. appears. ' .. ,,,

:. Averagelife e.S x Rating life := 5 LIO The rating. life of a group of identical bearings is defined asthe .

90% of the bearings will complete or exceed before the first ev. normall.y denoted by LiO

The basic dynamic capacity (C) of radial ball bearings is that constants .. ~ .!'Il',.mfLl which a group of apparently identical ball bearings with stationary outer

rating life of 1 million revolutions of the inner rings. Load ratings if gi to be based on a rating life of 500 hours. This is equivalent to runninga

. . . '. ,', '.' ; ",:; r!-.,id·.'

33 .!.rpmorfor a total of 106 rev'olutkms (1 million). On the basis of median .. ' .. L ... '··''' ....

3 . .~. . 1.':': II;,;' .

.. . . '. .' 1 ..,' , .. : .

to having run a bearing for 2500 hours at 33'3 rpm or for a total oi5 x 106 T""".,..,,,,,,,,,n<

533

, , (C)m

Rating life L10 == F .

---- 24.177 a

Where L10 == Rating life in millions revolutions C == Basic dynamic load rating N

F :::: Equivalent dynamic load

m :::: Life exponent

::::: 3 for ball bearing

10

::::: 3 for roller bearing

load is defined as that constant stationary radial load which if applied to a bearing .. ",m.",.,. inner race and stationary outer race, would give the same life, as that which the attain under the actual conditions of load and rotation.

Load Fc::::: (X V F, + YF) Ks ---- 24.177b

X :::: Radial factor

y :::: Axial / thrust factor
F :::: Axial load .
n
F :::: Radial load
r
V :::: Rotation factor K :::: K :::: Shock factor Or Load application factor from Table 24.49

11 S, :' :

relations between the life in millions of revolutions L10 and the life in hours Lh, is'

= 106 (C)m

Lh 60n F

:::: 106LIO 60n'

Where n:::: speed in rpm

m :::: 3 for ball bearing

10

= 3 for Roller bearing

---- 24.178b

revolutions'

8.7 STANDARD DIMENSIONS AND DESIGNATION"OF BALL BEARING

The various dimensions that have been standardised by International $tan9.. . . diameter or bore, outside diameter; width and fillet radii. There is no sta~dard' " number of balls, The standard series of ball.bearings are; .

i) Extra light series or 100 series [Equivalent t9 Oldimension series] ii) Light series or 200 series [Equivalent to 02 dimension series] , iii) Medium series or 300 series [Equivalent to 03 dimension series) iv) Heavy series or 400 series [Equivalent to 04 dimension series]

The bearings are designated by a number which consists of atleast three dig'

digits will indicate special features. The last three digits will indicate. the series and last two digits multiplied by 5 yield the bore diameter in mm, Thus if a bearing is rl"'''''',nt.,,; No 208; it is-alight series bearing with bore. diameter 08 x 5 =: 40~mm;', ,i .::.,{ i'

. .

The Antifriction Bearing Manufacture's Association (AFBMA) standardfor'the .

is 40 BC 02, Letter BC indicates the type of bearing 40 indicates the bore size' . series i.e., light series.

Example 1 :

A bearing Is required for a 40mm shaft, It is to operate 6 hoursper day, 5: 5 years find is to carry a stationary radial load of 22S0N at rooo l'I)J11, inner ring

possibility of light shock. Select a suitable bearing. ~,:.;

Solution " Trial: 1 ...

Sele~t 40 Be 02 SKF . ,:: FroITl·Tabl~ 24;,60 for 40 BC 02 SKF Basic dynamic capacity C;::;; 30700N 'i:

I Required Rated Dynamic load C, "" F< [(~)(_Il_d_)Jm

Lr nr

Where

F. "" Equivalent load =:: V F, K.K,: . V "" Rotation factor

I if inner race is rotating

.• ," •• ,. ;1 . 1·'

1.2 if inner race' stationary ~nd Ollter'race is

Load application factor, Prom Table 24.49

K ;::: 1.5e•• .-

,

K, '" Temperature factor. Assume it works normal. temoeranu .. , K, =:: 1 .. , F = 1 x 2250 x 1.5 xl:::: 3375 N .

e

Ld '" Design life = 6 x 5 x 52 x 5 = 7800 hours L "" Rated life = 500 hours

r

Ild '" Design speed = 1000 rpm

Roller Bearings'

535"

GS

1

nr ::: Rated speed == 33 3 rpm

., ,

m := exponent:= 3 for ban bearing'

... C,

[( 7800 ) .( l'()OO Jj~

3375 500 1 "" 26203.3N

33-

3

',_" I

., Bearing No 6208 of deep groove ball bearing is suitable

since whose rated dynamic capacity 30700N is greater than the required value 26203,3N Hence the selected bearing is 40 Be 02 SKF bearing • .

Bearing No: 6208 ,.' .1

Bore size d 40 rnm

outer diameter D - 80 mIT!' 'width B ::: 18inm Fillet radius r =' 1.1 mm.

',".

r ~ -, -, 'I' '. •

"',';' -.

.' .

, roW' delii) 'gl;~ove ballbea~ing'has:il 'spe'Ciflc dynamiccapaclty ·o(46.3kN. TliehctilUl . 9'kN. the speedofrotatlon isi1800·tpm'. What'is nie life in ~}cyclcs ofoperatlon

in hours c) what is the average life? . ". ',. "

(VTU J au/Feb. 2003)

\ -.

. . . I

Specific dynamic capacity is a rating such ·tllrir90% ofa'group of bearing Will last 500 hours at 33 '3

i.e., C, "" 46.3 kN ::: 46300 N

iperature

F = VFK K

e . r II t

V == Rotation factor

·K.· ~ Load application factor K! = Temperature factor

Assume inner race is rotating, steady load and the bearing works in normal temperature

. .

:. V 1; K, = 1 ; 1\ = 1

Hence F ::: F = 9kN ::: 9000N

e r

Equivalent load

b) Life in hours,

1

Rated dynamic load C, == Fe [( ~~ )( ~; ) ]m

exponent m·= 3 for ball bearing

1/"

538

l t 111

10400 1000 6255.75 (500 33:

:. C '"

r

The basic dynamic ratingof6212is47500N which is less than 53457.37N. suitable

Trial: 2

Select6312 SKF Bearing. From Table 24.61 for6312 SKFBearing'

Basic static capacity Co. := 52000 N

Basic dynamic capacity C, =: S 1900 N

Fa 1500

Cor =: 52000 =: 0.02885

, i

Fa From Table 24.51 we can see VF > e r

:. X=: 0.56

~ y
Cur
0,028 1.99
0.056 1.77 By interpolation the value of Vat'

0.02885- 0.056 y:= 0.028-0.056 x 1.99+ , , .• n,,-\l'."/,"

:. F. = (0.56 x 1 X 2500 + 1.9833 x 1500) 1.5 X I = 6562.5N

,,".":.

The basic dynumic rating of6312 is 81900N which is grcflterthan 56078N. suitable. Therefore the bearing selected is 6312

i.e.,60BC03SKF :./'

Bore diameter d 8Anm

outer diameter D := 130mril' width B = 31mm Fillet radius r '" 21mm

Example 4:

Select suitable single row radial ball bearings to cuny a radial load of 1.51{N 1.21{N at 900 rpm. The bearing is to be used 7 hours pCl' day and average

and Roller Bearings

539

desired. Consider the design load for bearing during selection with speed factor, life factor, thrust and application factor.

(VTU July/Ang. 2003)

F =l.SkN

r

lS00N; Fa = 1.2kN = 1200N

no = 900rpm

Assume the bearing works all the days in a year

:. Average life = 7 x 356 x 8 '" 20440 hours A verage Ii fe

---=:...____ '" 4088 '" L

5 ~

Rating life in hours Lmh =

Equivalent Load F,

(X V F, + Y F,) K, K,

. Assume inner race rotates. :. V = 1

Assume Light shock. :. From Table 24.49, Load application factor K, = i.5 Assume the bearing works in normal temperature. :. K, = 1

F., 1200

VFr := lx1500 =0.8

F

Since Cor value is unknown, assume c!- :::: 0.056

or

F;, .

:. From Table 24.51 for C 0.056, e = 0.26

or .

. F;,

since YF > e, X 0.56 and Y = 1.71

r

:. Equivalent load F, = (0.56 x I x 1500 + 1.71 x 1200) 1.5 x I ;=: 4338 N I

. Required Dynamic load rating C, = Fe {( ~~ )(~: )} m

Where F. '" Required equivalent load = 4338 N

L~= Desfgn life = 4088 hours; m = exponent e 3 for ball bearing L ,;: Rated life := 500 hours

r -

nd '" Design speed e 900 rpm

1

n, := Rated speed = 33"3 rpm

.', C '"

, r

{ [ l}~

4088 900

4338 Coo) "i " 26711 AN

540

Select a bearing such that C, value must be equal or greater than 26741.4N.' :. From Table 24.60 select 40 BC 02 SKF whose Basic static load rating capacity C", =: 19000N Basic Dynamic load rating capacity C, = 30700 N

F. 1200

Cor = 19000 = 0.06316

( F;, )

From Table 24.51 we can see VFr > e, :. X = 0.56

Fa Y
Cor
0.056 1.71
0.084 L55 .Fu·; By interpolation the value ofY at C == '" ~~

... Fe == [0.56 X 1 X 1500 + 1.6691 X 1200) 1.5 xl

{ ( J~~

4088 900

" 4264A (500) 33~ "25772.67 ';' .•

:. C,

Select a bearing such that C, value must be equal or greater than 25772.67 N. From Table 24.60 select 40 BC 02 SKF whose Basic dynamic load rating C, == Hence the selected.Bearing is 6208 i.e., 40 BC 02 SKF since consecutively

numbers are the same.

Example 5:

. A single row deep groove ball bearing is used to support a shaft of 25mm dlameter JlI··\~1

axial thrust is 1000N and radial load is 2200N. The shaft runs at 1440 rpm. It is

6205 bearing, the expected life of the bearing is to be around 1000 hours

- bearing

.Data:

d == 25 mm ; F. = 1000N; F, :::: 2200 N;

Ild = 1440rpmj proposed bearing SKF 6205

Required life = 1000 hours

Solution:

From table 24.60 for SKF 6205 bearing

Basic static load rating capacity Cor == 7800 N Basic dynamic load rating capacity C,:= 14000 N

Fa 1000

Cor = 7800 == 0.1282

,06316 is

64.4 N ,

)ON.

ond Rolier Bearings

541

From Table 24:51

~ e
Cor
XI'" 0.11 Yl ",0.30
X2 == 0.17 Y2 = 0.34 . P

By interpolation the value of eat C" == 0.1282 is

ur

0.1282 - 0.17 0.1282 - 0.11

e== 0.11-0.17 xO.3+ 0.17-0.11 xO.34==0.31213

Fu 1000

VF, == 2200 = 0.4545. Assume inner rate rotates .', V == I

Fa

Since Vp. > e, From Table 24.51. X == 0.56 r

~ y
Cor
Xl == 0.11 YI == 1,45
X2 == 0.17 Y2 == 1.31 P.

By interpolation the value of Y at c!'- == 0.1282 is

or

0.1282 - 0.17 0.1282 - 0.11

y= 0.11-0.17 x 1.45+ 0.17-0.11 X 1.31 == 1.40753

,'. Equivalent load Fc == (X V FI + Y F) K. K, Assume minor shock and bearing works at normal temperature

., K, '" I. From Table 24.49. For minor shock Load application factor K, = 1.5

... F, == [0.56 x 1 x 2200 + 1,40753 x 1000] 1.5 x 1==3953.3 N

Also Fo == F, K. K, ;: 2200 x 1.5 x I :=: 3300 N

The largest among the above two values is the required Fc'

:. Required F. == 3953.3 N

F .. , {( LLd, X 'n\,1 )}+,

Dynamic load rating C, == •

L '" Rated life == 500 hours

r

1

nr '" Rated speed == 33:1 rpm

C, == 14000N; m == exponent == -3 for ball bearing

1

(, ( 113

, Ld 1440

;.0 .• 14000 ~ 3953.3 (500) 33 \

. (14000)3 _ ~ 1440 i.e., 3953 - 500 x 33_l_ 3

542

:. Design life L, ::: 514.15 hours Since design life is less than the required life, the selected bearing.is.not suitable.

bearing SKF 6205 is not suitable for the expected life of 1000 hours, !

Example 6 :

Select the deep groove ball bearings for the lower and upper shaft drive by V. belts. Pulley is fixed on the shaft at a distance of 150mm from 300nllll from the lower bearing. The thrust load in the vertical direction

bearing is 1000 N. It has been determined that the resultant force 6000N. Base the selection on steady loading and a llfe of 5000 hours at

shaft diameter based an strength at the lower bearing is 42111m. The shaft rotates at FAG ell talogue is used for the selection of bearing,

Data:

d ::: 4~l11m

Required life :::: 5000 hours at 95% reliability nrl :::: 300 rpm

Solution,'

The given belt drive is as shown in fig. 8.8 Taking moments about B

R .... x 450 ::: 6000 x 300 .'. RA :::4000N :.,Rn ::: 2000 N

Since 110 bearing is available for the size 42111m, select 45mm

n'ial: 1

Select 45 BC 02 FAG

From Table 24.60 for 45 BC 02 FAG bearing Basic static load rating capacity Cor;:: 20.4 kN ::: 20400 N

Basic dynamic load rating capacity Cr::: 31 kN = 31000 N

Bearing: A

F. ::: 0 ; Fr::: RA :::: 4000 N Equivalent load F :::: V F K 1<

c r a ....

Assume bearing works at normal temperature and inner race rotates

... K,= 1 and V::: 1 From Table 24.49. For steady load select load application factor Ka ::: 1

:. F =F ",,4000N

e r

". Fig. 8 -. 8

'_'.(

and Roller Bearings

543

1

, Dynamic load rating C == F {(Ld )(:.JL~_I )} m

, ,,0 L n ~4

r r .

~--- 24.229

m '" Exponent == 3 for ball bearing R '" Reliability == 95% ::::: 0.95

... 31000", 4000 {( ~o~ J ::~ I(~i _1

l 3 J '1 {In(-l)} 1.17 x3

. . 0.95

. Design life Ld '" 13969.356 hours at 95% reliability since the design life is greater than the required the selected bearing 45 BC 02 FAG is suitable

Hence the upper bearing is 6209 FAG l.e., 45 BC 02 FAG

F. :::: 1000N ; F, == 2000 N

Ft\ 1000

Car == 20400 '" 0;049

,',,1T\ 'l'"hl" ?d <;
F:,
Cor e
XI == 0,028 Yj == 0,22
Xl == 0,056 Y2 ::: 0.26 F

Fo tOOO '

-----05 VFr - lx2000 - .

By interpolation the value of e at ~' == 0.049 is

or

0.049 - 0.056 0.049 - 0.028 .

e == 0,028 _ 0.056 X 0.22 + 0.056 _ 0,028 X 0.26 == 0.25

FI' since - > e From Table 24 51 X = 0.56

VE , , ,
-,-
_!i__ y
Cor
XI::: 0.028 y[= 1,99
X2 == 0.056 Y2::::: 1.71 F,\

By interpolation the value of Y at C == 0.049 is

or

0.049 - 0.056 0.049 - 0.028

Y::::: 0.023 _ 0.056 X 1.99 + 0.056 _ 0.028 X 1.71 ::: 1.78

:. F = (X V F + Y F) K K == (0.56 X 1 X 2000 + 1.78 X 1000) 1 X I = 2900 N

e r 11 u t

Also Fe == F, Ku K, ::::: 2000 X 1 xl:=: 2000 N

546

. F

By interpolation the value of eat C" = 0.0526 is

<IT

5._
c., e
XI = 0.028 YI = 0.22
Xl = 0.056 Y2 = 0.26 0.0526 - 0.056

e = 0.028 _ 0.056 x 0.22

F.I

since YF >e.FromTable24.5!,

r

F" y
c.,
Xl = 0.028 yl=!.99·
Xl = 0.056 Y2= 1.71 By interpolation the value of

OJ)526 - 0.056 Y '" 0.028 _ 0.056 x 1.99 +

:. Equivalent load Fo = [0.56 x 1 x 3000 + 1.744 x 2000J x I

F... {( LL", )( 'n1'r' )}~

Dynamic load rating C, = .

,

i.e. 6' 800 5t 68 jG;~)( ~:~] r

:. Design life LJ = 23750 hours

Since the design life is more than the required life, the selected bearing is selected is 63! 0 SKF i.e., 50 BC 03 SKF

Example 8 :

A ball bearing is to carry a radial load of 2500 N and a thrust load of Imposes light shock and the bearing is to operate 40 hours pel' week I' OJ' 3 years. is 1000 rpm. Determine the size of medium series ball bearing to be used.

Data:

F, ;::: 2500 Nj F. ::::: 1500Nj Light shock; Medium series I.e., 03 series ball bearing

.: ':' i(1

Ild = 1000 rpm .

Solution :

Design life LJ = 40 x 52 x 3 '" 6240 hours

Assume the bearing works on normal temperature and inner race rotates. :. K·",

-, ~ .

From Table 24.49 for light shock, select load application factor K. = 1.5.

Fa 1500

YFr = I x2500 ;::: 0.6

!l526 is

68 N

10 N. The

and V == I

F

is unknown assume ·c n ::: 0.028 or

FII

:. From Table 24.51 for C = 0.028, e ;= 0.22

or

F.,

since VF > e, X = 0.56, Y ;= 1.99

. r

:. Equivalent load F. = (X V F" + Y F) K,. Ka

::: (0.56 x 2500 + 1.99 x 1500) I x 1.5 ::: 6577.5 N

I

Required dynamic load Rating c, = Fe {( ~: )( ~: )} ~

m = exponent = 3 for ball bearing LJ = Design life = 6240 hours

L, = Rating life = 500 hours

Ild = Design speed == 1000 rpm

1

n, = Rating speed = 33'3 rpm

---- 24.228

{ ( Jl~

6240 1000

:. C, = 6577.5 (500) 33~ = 47406.67 N

. Select a medium series (03 series) bearing such that C, value must be equal or greater than 47406.67 N :2

From Table 24.61 select bearing No 6309 SKF i.e., 45 BC 03 SKF whose Basic static load rating Cor = 3 J 500 N and Basic dynamic load rating capacity C, == 52700 N

Fa 1500

Now Cor == 31500:= 0.04762

From Table 24.51

F" Y
Cor
XI'" 0.028 YI '" 0.22
X2 = 0.056 Y2 == 0.26 Fn

By interpolation the value of e at ~C == 0.04762 is

. or

0.04762-0.056 0.04762-0.028

e== 0.028-0.056 xO.22+ 0.056-0.028 xU.26=0.248

. .,. "

"

".

548

Fa

since VF > e, from Table 24.51, X = 0.56

r

__I1_ y
c;
Xl::::: 0.028 y! = 1.99
X2 == 0.056 Y2 = 1.71 F

By interpolation the value of Y at c:- =

or

0.04762- 0.056 0.04762-

e= 0.028-0.056 X 1.99+ 0.056-

:. F. = [0.56 X 1 X 2500 + 1.7938 X 1500] X 1 X 1.5

( J~

6240 1000·

:. Required DYMmk load rating C, = 6136.05 ( 500) 33~ = 44224.%5

Select a medium seri?us (03 series) bearing such that C, value must be equal .'. From Table 24.61, select bearing No 6309 SKF i.e., 45 ~C 03 SKFwhose Basic capacity Cr=52700N.

Since consecutively two selected numbers are the same, the selected bearing 45 BC 03 SKF

Example 9,' The following table gives the test results of a group of identical ball h"'~";""JO radial load of 2000 N with inner ring rotates. Obtain the average life, rated life and capacity of the bearings. Also suggest a suitable SKF bearing of 02 series

Life in

million 650

revolutions

5

7

SI.No. 1

2

4

70

600

3

6

500

80

460·

435

Solution :

i) Average life, Rating life and Dynamic load rating l:L

Average life L,,·s ::;: Numberofbearings :=: ill 423.5 million revolutions.

4235

Lavg 4235

Rating life LJ() :=: ~5-::::: -5- = 84.7 million

106L 106 x 84.7

LIOn:::: 60n '" :=: 42350 hours =

60X33t

Equivalent load Fe ::::: V F,~, K,

and Roller Bearings

549

Inner ring rotates :. V =: I

Assume bearing works normal temperature and steady load

.', K, =: 1 and from Table 24.49 for steady load select K. =: 1 ... F =: F "" 2000 N

c ,

{(L~ }(nd )},:.

.', specific dynamic capacity C, =: Fe L.."" --;;:

1

~ 2ooof(42350 )(~3t)}J

1 500 33+

=: 8783.3 N

Specific dynamic capacity or Basic Dynamic load rating (C) is a rating such that 90% of 1\ group of I .

bearing will last 500 hours or 1 million revolutions at 33"3 rev/min.

:. C, := 8783.3 N iI) Sultablc 02 series SKF bearlng

Trial: 1

Select a 02 series SKF bearing such that C, value must be equal or greater than 8783.3 N

:. From Table 24.60, select 6203 SKF bearing whose basic dynamic load rating C,. "" 9560 N I

:.9560 == iooof(~X33t)l} 1 500 33~

:. Design life LJ == 54607.676 hours =: 109.215 million revolutions

Since the design life is more than the required life, the selected bearing is suitable. Hence the bearing 'YS~lectf:(! is 6203 S K F i.e., 17 BC 02 S KF

10

5S0

n hours.

All SICF 6205 Bearing is subjected to a Radial load of 1500 N Determine. I) Rating life ii) Life at 98% survlval rate.

F, ;:: 1500 Nj SKF 6205 Bearing.

Assume steady load. inner race rotates and the bearing works at normal temperature . ... V:oo I; K, =" I and Ka;:: I

Equivalent load F, == V FI' K, K. := F, =: 1500 N

From Table 24.60 for SKF 6205 bearing basic dynamic load rating C, ;:: l4000 N

1

Also, Basic dynamic load rating C, =: Fe {( ~: X :: )} m

i.e .• 14000

it L. X331)lt

1500 _d __l

500 33*

550

:. Design life 01" Rating life L10 = 406518.5185 hours « 813.037 million group of bearing will Ins! 813.037 million revolutions at 33..!. rev/min

3

ii) Life at 98 % survival rate

Basic or specific dynamic capacity of a bearing corresponding to any desired

where R

'" reliabillty e 98% :::; 0.98

i.e .• 14000

:. Life at 98% survival rate == 99030.4 hours e 198.06 million revolutions i.e., 1 bearing will last 198.06 million revolutions at 33 - rev/min.

Example 11 "

A single row deep groove ball bearing has a dynamic load capacity the following cycle.

i) Radial load of 5000 Nat 500 rev/min for 25% of the time

Ii) Radlal load of 10000 N at 700 rev/min for 50% of the time

:' I:

iii) Radial load of 7000 N at 400 rev/min for the remaining period of time.

Calculatethe life of bearing in hour«.

Solution :

Consider the work cycle of one minute duration. The values of load Fe and

j,'j."

as follows: Assume V", 1, K. :::; 1, K, ::: 1.

3

Load Fe Element speed
(N) time minute (rpm)
5000 0.25 "
7000 0.25"
1.00 Element No

Total

Mean equivalent load F

Om

;::: III Fer'nl +Fe~'n2 +Fern3 n

where m

::: exponent » 3 for ball bearing, n ;::: n1 + 01 +U] = 575 rpm .. F ::: 3 50003 xI25+1O,OOO3 x350+7000Jx1OO =8860.06N

em 575

Basic dynamic load rating C, =:

:.40,500

.. Design life Lu =: 2768.445 hours.

_-

3

A ball bearing is operating on a work cycle consisting of three parts:

A radial load of 1500 N at 1440 rpm for one quarter cycle, a radial load 'of 2500 N at 720 rpm for half cycle and a radial load of 1250 Nat 1440 rpm for the remaining cycle. The expected life of the is 5000 hours, Calculate the dynamic load carrying capacity of the bearing.

Consider the work cycle of one minute duration. The values of load Fe and revolutions are tabulated follows:

Assume V == I; K" ::= 1; K, ::= 1

Element No

Revolutions (n) in element lime

Load Fe Element speed
(N) time, minute (rpm)
1500 4 1440
2500 2 720
1250 4 1440
l.00 2

3

1

"4 xJ440=360

!

- x 720=360 2 _

1

"4 x 1440::: 360

1080

Total

575

---- 24.220

552

Where m

'" exponent == 3 for ball bearing n '" °1\ + n~ + 11) ==

,.-~_~~~~ ~---!l:i

3 15003 X 360 + 25003 X 360 + 12003 X 360 ::: 1080

:. F

c III

Basic dynamic load rating C,

t l )~~

(5000) °1080

== 1904.64 500 33~ == 13081.61 N

Example 13 :

A 30 seconds work cycle consists of the following two parts :

Pm'll

For this application the static and dynamic load capacity ora single row deep SO and 70 kNl'cspectivcly. Calculate the life of the bearing in hours.

Solution:

For part - I

DUl'Ution (seconds) Radial load (I~) Axial load kN Spcedrpm

10 48 14 720

Pal'tIT 20 16 8.5 14400

\:

14x 103

:= == 0.2917 Assume inner

lx48x103

14x 103

--- =0.28

SOx 103

Fu

From table 24.51 for·C = 0.28; e = 0.38

or

F,

since VF < e, From Table 24.51 X == I, Y = 0

r

Eql\ivalcnt load Fel = eX v F, + Y F,) K" K,

Assume the bearing works 011 normal temperature and steady load. :. K. =

:. F<l I x lx 48 X lOJ + 0 = 48 x 10-1 N

10

nl 60 x 720 == 120 revolutions.

/ 553

IN

= SOx 103 =0.17

. Fo

From table 24.51 for C := 0.17, e == 0.34

or

~ ~

Since VF > e. From table 24.51 for C = 0.17

r oc

X := 0.56, Y := L31 :. Equivalent load Fel:= (X V Fr + Y F.) K. Kt

Assume the bearing works on normal temperature and steady load. :. K. == 1 and K, == 1

. :. Fel := (0.56 x 1 x 16 X 103 + 1.31 x 8.5 x 103) 1 x 1 == 20095 N

20

n2:= 60 x 1440 = 480 revolutions

n == 2 (n, + "2) =2 (120 + 480) ;::: 1200revolutions. (.,' 30 sec. work cycle in 1 minute two work cycles)

Fe mn +Fe mn

Mean Equivalent load F == n I I 1 2

em n

---- 24.220

Where m = exponent = 3 for ball bearing

V=l

:. Fe := 3 (48XI03)\120)+(20095)3(480) := 30584.834 N

n1 600

. I

Basic dyn~mi~ load rating C, = F. {(LI d X~)}-';;

. lit - +r nr

{ . ~ J~~

. Ld 200

i.e., 70 x HI' "305&4.&34 (500 333

:. Design life Ld := 166.51 hours.

It Y is not the direct value then by Interpolation get the value.

E:rall/pleI3 "

A deep groove ball bearing of BC 02 series has to work under following

shaft speed of 1440 rev/min.

a) Radial load of 2.5 ItN for 10 seconds

b) Radial load of 1.2 kN for 20 seconds

c) Radial load of 450 kN fo~' 30 seconds And the above cycle repeats itself. The bearing has to work for five years

Select the hearing for the above purpose.

Solution :

Consider the work cycle of one minute duration. The values of load F, n'l~d' ;'. as follows:

Assume V;:; 1; K, == I : K, ==: 1

Load F

c

(N) .

speed (rpm)

Element No

450 N '

Element time minute

2500N

10

60 6

2

1200N

3

Total

20 1
~ -
60 3
30 1 1440""'; '11
~ -
60 2 1.00

Mean equtvalentIoad Fe ==

. m

where m

... F

em

Required design life Lu

Fe~nl +Fe~n2 +Fe3'nJ n

exponent = 3 for ball bearing, n :0: 111 + n2 +

3 (2500)3240 + {l2oof 480 + (450)3720 1440

80 x 52x 5 = 20800 hours

I

, . {(L In )}m

Basic dynamic load rating C, = Felli L: n:

I

f [J~3

20800 1440

1477.55 (500) 33~ •

/ and Roller Bearings

555

.•.......... Select Be 02 series bearing such that its C, value must be equal or greater than 17963.9 N

... /.i:. From Table 24.60 select 30 BC 02 SKF whose basic dynamic load rating capacity C,:;: 19500 N.

F. :::: 0 there is no need to repeat. '

Hence the selected bearing is 30 Be 02 SKF

Select a suitable RN02 series or N 200 series roller bearing for the spindle of a machine moving 1200 rpm. The bearing is subjected to a radialload of3000 N. The machine is to work for 8 hours per day, in a week and service time 10 years.

Roller bearing; Ild :; 1200 rpm; F,:; 3000 N;

Required design life Ld :::: 8 x 5 x 52 x 10 :::: 20800 hours

Assume straight roller bearing and inner race rotates. :. X:::: 1; Y:::: 0 ; V:::: 1

Assume steady load and the bearing is working in normal temperature. :. K.:::: 1; K, :::: 1 :. Equivalent load F. :::: (X V F,) K. K,;: F,":' 3000 N

240

{(LdXnd)}~

Basic dynamic load rating C, :::: Fe L;;;

480

10'

where m :::: exponent « 3" for Roller bearing

720

{ i J}I~ ,

(20800 1200

'" 3000 500 33j ::: 26899.24 N

1440

:. C •

47755 N

. Select RN 02 series bearing such that its C, value must be equal or greater than 26899.24 N. From '24.70select 25 RN 02 SKF whose basi,c dynamic load rating capacity C,:::: 28600 N

Since Y == 0, there is no need to repeat

Hence the selected bearing is 25 RN 02 SKF ~ i.e., N 205 BC SKF bearing.

: For straight roller bearing a ~ 0 ,'. Y == 0 and X:::: 1

~ ; . ,

If 0: '" 0, than use Table 24.53 {page 24.74J

558

I

{ [ ]}3'

20,000 300

= 320.02 (500) 33t =2276.554 N

Since the basic dynamic rating of 60 BC 02 is 47500 N which is greater than bearing is suitable

Hence the bearing selected for the left side is 60 BC 02 SKF i.e., 6212 SKF de~p

Bearing B [Right bearing) .

F. == 2954 N; Fr;:; 344.63 N ; d "" 60 mm; Ld"" 20000 hours Since the thrust load is more, it is preferable to select thrust ball bearing Trial: 1 Select 60 'fA 11 i.e., 51112 SKF single direction thrust ball bearing From Table 24.78 for 51112 SKF

. "

Basic static load rating capacity Co, "" 90000 N Basic Dynamic load rating Capacity C. ::::: 35800N Assume a "" 90°; X ::::: 0; Y::::: 1 :. Equivalent load Fe= Y F. K. K,

Assume the bearing works in normal temperature :. K, == 1

:. F = 1 x 2954 x 1.3:::; 3840.2 N

.

!

Required dynamic load rating C. "" F. {(~: )( ~: ) } ~

{(20000)( 300 J}!

::: 3840.2 500' 33~'

Since the basic dynamic rating of 60 TA 11 is 35800 N which is bearing is suitable.

Hence the bearing selected for the right side is 60 TA 11 i.e., 51112 SKF

bearing. . -. ,.!:.',

NOTE: If a i: 90 then to select X and Y values refer Table 24~55 (page 24.74)

Example 18 : ,

. - . • I . ; ~ : I ! \{ ,j )

What changes in the loading of a ball bearing will.cause the expected life to be

the condition.

Solution: .

If the load on the ball bearing is 0,7937 times the given load then the life will be UUI~U";;,,{

loubled,

and Roller Bearings

Let L, ~ Life of the bearing for the given load

L2 :::: Life of the bearing for the changed load == 2L, F, == Load on the bearing for the life L,

Fl :::: Load on the bearing for the life L,

Now ~~ :::: (:~ J where L2 == 2L,

I

.. F2 (~y F[:::: 0.7937 F" Hence proved

REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What changes in the loading of a ball bearing will cause the expected life to be doubled?

Derive the condition. nu, January 1994, VTU, July/August 2003

2. What are advantages and disadvantages of roller bearing.

VTU, January/February 2003

3. Define:

i) Static load capacity iv) Rating life

ii) Dynamic load capacity iii) Equivalent bearing load

VTU, January/February 2004 nn, September/October 1998

4. Compare journal bearing with antifriction bearing.

VTU, January/February 2004

EXERCISES

1. Select a ball bearing to be mounted on a shaft of diameter 50 mm to sustain a radial load of 3 kN and a thrust load of 2 kN. The operating speed is 800 rpm and the desired life of bearing is 6000 hours.

2. A single row deep groove ball bearing is used to support a shaft of25 rum diameter in which the axial thrust is 1000 N and radial load is 2200 N. The shaft funs at 1440 rpm. It is proposed to use SKF 6205 bearing, the expected life of the bearing is to be around 1000 hours. Check the suitability of the bearing.

3. Select a deep groove ball bearing for a shaft 0.5 m long simply supported between bearings.

Bearing A receives a radial load of 3000 N and thrust load of 1000 N, while bearing B receives a radial load of 4000 N. The life of the bearings are 7500 hours. The shaft rotates at 1000 rpm under light shocks. Shaft diameter based on strength is 40 mm.

559

560

4. Select a deep groove ball bearing to be mounted on a shaft to sustain a radial.vU'uy •. , .. and a thrust load ofl000 N. The operating speed is 750 rpm and the bearing

day for 2 years.

5. Select a suitable bearing which is to operate at 1500 rpm and is acted upon

radial load and 5000 N thrust load. The service is continuous. The shaft strength consideration is 45 rnm, and the life expectancy is 500 hours:

6. Select a single row ball bearing for a radial load of 4 kN and a thrust load of 5 at a speed of 1600 rpm for an average life of 5 years at 10 hours per day.

7. The bearings of a worm shaft of worm gearing are to be selected. The worm both the direction and transmits 14 kW at 1440 rpm. The forces at pitch are 3600 N radial, 2600 N tangentIal and 6600 N axiaL The pitch diameter of

mm and the shaft at bearings is 40 mm in diameter select suitable ball

. life of 2000 hours.