1.

Pre-planning stage
 Creation of suitable organization
Structural reorganization of administrative
machinery to participate in planning
Esttb: of planning procedure
Creation of information
Defining objectives at various levels``

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 Creation of suitable organization
 Structural reorganization of administrative
 Machinery to participate in planning
 Esttb: of planning procedure
 Creation of information
 Defining objectives at various levels

2
 Diagnostics
 Criteria
 Identification of weaknesses
 Existing problems
 Future needs
 Previous performance
 Research evidence
 In Asia diagnosis is done as following:
 Relevance
 Effectiveness
 Efficiency

3
 Formulation of Policy
 Quantification
 Operational and performance
 oriented statements
 Consideration of resources
 Spin off benefits
 Assessment of future needs
 Goods
 Services
 Incentives
 Costing future needs
 Calculations
 Using best available data
 Costing is based on long range
 trends
 Inflation
 Establishing priorities and target setting
 Resources
 Needs
 Feasibility testing
 Analysis of targets
 Targets are modified
 Targets are adjusted
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 TYPES OF PLANNING
• Macro planning
• Micro planning
• Perspective planning (7-15)
• Medium term planning ( 3-7)
• Short term planning (1-3)
Plan formulation
 Set of proposals for decision of authorities
 To provide a blue print for action of
 various authorities
 Certain skills are required for the
 Purpose
 Plan elaboration
 Plan expansion
 This involves two stages

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 Programming
 Dividing the plan into broad areas
 Each action/area is called
 programme
 Projectisation
 aims sub objectives/targets
 Project formulation
 Details of activities
 Cost and time
 Schedule

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 Plan Implementation
 Execution of the project
 Management process
 Annual budget
 Annual plan
 Personnel training
 Incentives
 Accountability
Monitoring/Evaluation
 Systematic feedback
 Readjustment
 Revision
 Target resetting
 Change in strategies
 Formative evaluation
 Process evaluation
 Summative evaluation
 Quantitative evaluation
 Qualitative evaluation
 Evaluation of the evaluation

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 Policy formulation
 Policy
 general frame work
 contained detailed decisions
 instruments of reforms/changes
 a political task
 Policy formulation
 Educational planner role

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 Planning stage
 Diagnostics
 Criteria
 Identification of weaknesses
 Existing problems
 Future needs
 Previous performance
 Research evidence
 In Asia diagnosis is done as following:
 Relevance
 Effectiveness
 Efficiency

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 Situation is diagnosed
 Future needs are assessed
 Goods & services
 Procedure for F/N
 Calculation of beneficiaries
 Estimation
 Personal requirements
 Material need
 Physical facilities
 Estimation of incentives
 Ancillary services
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 calculations (past trends and current costs)
 what to be costed (goods and services)
 Main factor in costing in inflation trend
 Useful tool for planning (Unit cost)
Establishing priorities
 Mental intensive activity
 grading of the claims for allocations
 Mathematical techniques are applied
 Cost benefit analysis

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 Grading is done of the following three
categories
 Future development of a system
 Competitors of resources
 Consideration of the resources
 Grading is done on the following
justification
 Dispensable
 Wants
 Musts (salaries/operational expend)

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 Target setting
 predetermined quality or level
 are revised upward or downward according to
resources
 final stage for execution of activity
 Global targets (No. of persons to be served in
edu system)
 Detailed targets

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