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Induced dipole forces are always present. Induced dipole forces are also called dispersion forces, or London forces.
Hydrogen bonding is found in situations represented by D-H---A where both the donor atom, D, and the acceptor
atom, A, are one of the highly electronegative elements O, N, or F.
Hydrogen bonding is not expected to be important in compounds in which all of the H atoms are covalently bonded to
C atoms, even when an acceptor atom is present in the molecule. While the N atom in 4-ethoxypyridine can act as an
acceptor, there are no donor atoms present in the molecule and intermolecular hydrogen bonds are not expected.
Hydrogen bonding is found in situations represented by D-H---A where both the donor atom, D, and the acceptor
atom, A, are one of the highly electronegative elements O, N, or F.
In order to have hydrogen bonding in a pure compound, the molecules must contain both a donor and an acceptor
atom. The -NH2 group in primary amines, the -NH- group in secondary amines, and the -OH group in alcohols provide
both of these. Therefore, the secondary amine piperidine and the alcohol 1-pentanol form intermolecular hydrogen
bonds in the pure state.
Hydrogen bonding is not expected to be important in pure compounds in which all of the H atoms are covalently
bonded to C atoms, even when an acceptor atom is present in the molecule. The N atom in the tertiary
amine isopropyldimethylamine is an acceptor atom, but there is no donor present in the molecule. The
alkane propane has neither donor nor acceptor atoms.
+ HBr Br-
+ HBr Br-
The reaction is:
+ HCl Cl-
+ CH3COOH CH3COO-