castillo (ajc2686) – Assignment 1 – luecke – (55035) 1

This print-out should have 20 questions. graph is that of the conic section
Multiple-choice questions may continue on
(x + 1)2 + y − 2 = 0 ,
the next column or page – find all choices
before answering. which after expansion and simplification can
be rewritten as
001 10.0 points
x2 + 2x + y − 1 = 0 .

Which one of the following conic sections

has graph keywords: graph, conic section, parabola,
shifted parabola,

002 10.0 points

2

1 Which one of the following conic sections

has graph

−3 −2 −1 1 4
−1 3

−2 2

1. y 2 + 2y − x − 1 = 0 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2
−1
2. y 2 − 2y − x − 1 = 0
−2
2
3. y + 2y + x − 1 = 0

4. x2 + 2x + y − 1 = 0 correct 1. 4x2 + 8x + 9y 2 + 18y = 23

5. x2 + 2x − y − 1 = 0 2. 9x2 − 18x − 4y 2 + 8y = 41

6. y 2 − 2y + x − 1 = 0 3. 4x2 + 8x + 9y 2 − 18y = 23 correct

7. x2 − 2x + y − 1 = 0 4. 9x2 + 18x − 4y 2 − 8y = 41

8. x2 − 2x − y − 1 = 0 5. 9x2 + 18x − 4y 2 + 8y = 41

Explanation: 6. 4x2 − 8x + 9y 2 − 18y = 23

The graph is that of a parabola open-
ing downwards and having vertex at (−1, 2). Explanation:
Thus it is the graph of The graph is a shifted ellipse centered at
(−1, 1) whose major axis has length 6 and
y − 2 = −A(x + 1)2 , minor axis has length 4. Thus one equation
for this ellipse is
for some A > 0. But the graph intersects the (x + 1)2 (y − 1)2
y-axis at y = 1 so A = 1. Consequently, the + = 1,
9 4
 castillo (ajc2686) – Assignment 1 – luecke – (55035) 2
which after expansion and simplification can which after expansion and simplification can
be rewritten as be rewritten as
4x2 + 8x + 9y 2 − 18y = 23 .
4y 2 + 8y − x2 − 2x = 1 .

keywords: graph, conic section, ellipse,

shifted ellipse
keywords: graph, conic section, ellipse,
003 10.0 points shifted ellipse

004 10.0 points

Which one of the following conic sections
has graph Which one of the points

4 P (−4, −5, −8), Q(3, 7, −2), R(8, 0, −4)

2 in 3-space is closest to the xy-plane?

1. Q(3, 7, −2) correct

−6 −4 −2 2 4
−2 2. P (−4, −5, −8)

−4 3. R(8, 0, −4)
Explanation:
−6
The distance of a point (a, b, c) in 3-space
from the xy-plane is given by |c|. Conse-
quently, of the three points
1. 4y 2 − 8x − x2 − 2x = 1
P (−4, −5, −8), Q(3, 7, −2), R(8, 0, −4)
2. 4y 2 + 8x − x2 − 2y = 1
the one closest to the xy-plane is
3. x2 − 2x + 4y 2 − 8y + 1 = 0

4. x2 + 2x − 4y 2 − 8y = 7 Q(3, 7, −2) .

5. 4y 2 + 8y − x2 − 2x = 1 correct

6. x2 + 2x − 4y 2 + 8y = 7 keywords: plane, distance in 3-space,

7. x2 + 2x + 4y 2 + 8y + 1 = 0 005 10.0 points

8. x2 − 2x − 4y 2 + 8y = 7
Which of the following statements are true:
Explanation:
The graph is a shifted hyperbola having A. in 3-space the graph of y = 4 is a line,
asymptotes which intersect at (−1, −1) as B. in 2-space the graph of x = 2 is a line.
well as vertices at (−1, 0) and (−1, −2). Thus
one equation for this hyperbola is 1. both of them
(y + 1)2 (x + 1)2
− = 1, 2. neither of them
1 4
 castillo (ajc2686) – Assignment 1 – luecke – (55035) 3
Consequently, ∆P QR is
3. B only correct
isoceles with |P Q| = |P R| .
4. A only
Explanation:
A. FALSE: in 3-space the graph of y = 4 is
a plane perpendicular to the y-axis. keywords: distance formula, isoceles triangle,
B. TRUE: in the plane the graph of x = 2 3-space, 3-space geometry,
is a vertical line.
007 10.0 points
keywords: T/F, True/False, plane, 2-space, Find an equation for the sphere having cen-
3-space, point ter at (3, 2, −2) and radius 3.
006 10.0 points 1. x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 6x + 4y − 4z = 8
A triangle ∆P QR has vertices 2. x2 + y 2 + z 2 − 6x − 4y + 4z + 8 = 0
P (−2, 1, 1), Q(−3, 2, −1), R(−1, 0, −1) . correct

Use the distance formula to decide which one 3. x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 6x + 4y − 4z + 8 = 0

of the following properties the triangle has.
4. 3x2 + 2y 2 − 2z 2 = 9
1. isoceles with |P Q| = |P R| correct
5. 3x2 + 2y 2 − 2z 2 + 9 = 0
2. not isoceles
6. x2 + y 2 + z 2 − 6x − 4y + 4z = 8
3. isoceles with |RP | = |RQ| Explanation:
The sphere consists of all points P (x, y, z)
4. isoceles with |QP | = |QR| such that
Explanation:
Recall that for points A, B it is common to dist ((x, y, z) , (3, 2, −2)) = 3 .
denote the line segment from A to B by AB,
and to denote the length of this line segment Thus, by the distance formula in 3-space,
by |AB|. Recall also a triangle is isoceles
when two of its sides have the same length. (x − 3)2 + (y − 2)2 + (z + 2)2 = 9 ,
Thus we have to use the distance formula to
compute the side lengths of ∆P QR. which after expansion becomes

But for the vertices

x2 + y 2 + z 2 − 6x − 4y + 4z + 8 = 0 .
P (−2, 1, 1), Q(−3, 2, −1), R(−1, 0, −1)
we see that 008 10.0 points
2 2 2 2
|P Q| = (−1) + (1) + (−2) = 6 , Find the center of the sphere given by
|QR|2 = (2)2 + (−2)2 + 0 = 8 , x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 8x − 6y − 2z + 25 = 0 .
while
|P R|2 = (1)2 + (−1)2 + (−2)2 = 6 . 1. center = (−4, −3, 2)
 castillo (ajc2686) – Assignment 1 – luecke – (55035) 4
The region consists of all points whose dis-
2. center = (−8, 6, 1) tance to the origin is greater that 4, but less
than 6, i.e, all points satisfying the inequali-
3. center = (−4, 3, 1) correct ties p
4 < x2 + y 2 + z 2 < 6 ,
4. center = (−8, 6, 2)
which can also be written as
5. center = (4, −3, −1)
16 < x2 + y 2 + z 2 < 36 .
6. center = (4, 3, −1)
Explanation: 010 10.0 points
After completion of squares
When u, v are the displacement vectors
2 2 2
x + y + z + 8x − 6y − 2z + 25 = 0 −−→ −→
u = AB , v = AP ,
becomes
determined by the parallelogram
2 2 2
(x+4) +(y−3) +(z−1) +25−16−9−1 = 0 , S
R
which can then be written as
Q
(x + 4)2 + (y − 3)2 + (z − 1)2 = 1 . D

This is an equation for a sphere having P

O

center = (−4, 3, 1) C
B
A
and radius r = 1.
−→
express CR in terms of u and v.
009 10.0 points
−→
1. CR = 2(u + v)
Which of the following sets of inequalitites
describes the region consisting of all points −→
2. CR = 2u
outside a sphere of radius 4 centered at the
origin and inside a sphere of radius 6 centered −→
3. CR = u + 2v
at the origin.
−→
2 2 2 4. CR = 2v
1. 4 < x + y + z < 6
−→
2 2 2 5. CR = 2(u − v)
2. 16 < x + y + z < 36 correct
−→
2 2 2 6. CR = 2v − u correct
3. 4 ≤ x + y + z < 6
Explanation:
2 2 2 By the parallelogram law for the addition
4. 4 ≤ x + y + z ≤ 6
of vectors we see that
5. 16 < x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 36
−→
CR = 2v − u .
6. 16 ≤ x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 36
Explanation:
 castillo (ajc2686) – Assignment 1 – luecke – (55035) 5
keywords: vectors, linear combination, vector
sum displacement vector, parallelogram keywords: parallelopiped, 3-space, coordi-
nates, vertex, directed line segment, vector
011 10.0 points sum
The parallelopiped in 3-space shown in
012 10.0 points
A
C
Determine the vector c = a + 2b when

a = 3i + 2j + 3k , b = −3i + j + 3k .
R B
1. c = −4i − 5j + 9k
D
S
2. c = −3i − 5j + 9k

3. c = −4i + 4j − 8k
Q
P 4. c = −4i − 5j − 8k
is determined by its vertices
5. c = −3i + 4j + 9k correct
P (−3, −4, −2), Q(2, −4, 0) ,
6. c = −3i + 4j − 8k
R(−1, 0, 1), S(−4, −1, −1) .
Explanation:
Find the vector v represented by the directed The sum of vectors
−−→
line segment P D.
a = a1 i + a2 j + a3 k , b = b1 i + b2 j + b3 k
1. v = h 7, 4, 5 i
is defined componentwise:
2. v = h 6, 7, 6 i
a + b = (a1 + b1 )i + (a2 + b2 )j + (a3 + b3 )k ;
3. v = h 4, 3, 3 i correct
similarly, multiplication by a scalar λ also is
4. v = h 1, 7, 4 i defined componentwise:

5. v = h 7, 8, 6 i λa = (λa1 )i + (λa2 )j + (λa3 )k .

6. v = h 0, 2, 1 i When
Explanation:
As a vector sum, a = 3i + 2j − 3k , b = −3i − j + 3k ,
−−→ −−→ −→
PD = PQ + PS . therefore, we see that
But  
−−→ −→ c = (1)(3) + (2)(−3) i
P Q = h 5, 0, 2 i, P S = h −1, 3, 1 i .
 
Consequently, + (1)(2) + (2)(1) j
−−→  
v = P D = h 4, 3, 3 i . + (1)(3) + (2)(3) k .
 castillo (ajc2686) – Assignment 1 – luecke – (55035) 6
Consequently,
1 3 3
1. n = i+ j+ k
5 10 5
c = −3i + 4j + 9k .
1 3 3
2. n = i− j− k
5 10 5
013 10.0 points
2 1 2
3. n = i+ j+ k
9 3 3
Determine the length of the vector −2a + b
when 2 1 2
4. n = i− j− k
9 3 3
a = h −1 , −3 , −1 i , b = h 1 , −1 , −2 i .
2 3 6
5. n = i + j+ k
7 7 7
√
1. length = 38 2 3 6
6. n = i − j − k correct
7 7 7
2. length = 6
√ Explanation:
3. length = 4 2 The vector
√ v = 2i − 3j − 6k.
4. length = 2 10
√ has length
5. length = 34 correct p √
Explanation: |v| = 22 + 32 + 62 = 49 = 7 .
The length, |c|, of the vector
Consequently,
c = h c1 , c2 , c3 i
v 2 3 6
n = = i− j− k
is defined by |v| 7 7 7

is a unit vector having the same direction as

q
|c| = c21 + c22 + c23 . v.
Consequently, when
015 10.0 points
a = h −1 , −3 , −1 i , b = h 1 , −1 , −2 i , Find the angle between the vectors
√ √
and a = h 3, 2 i , b = h −5, − 3 i .
c = −2a + b = h 3 , 5 , 0 i ,
we see that 2π
1. angle =
3
√
| − 2a + b| = 34 . π
2. angle =
4
π
014 10.0 points 3. angle =
6

Find a unit vector n with the same direction 5π

4. angle = correct
as the vector 6
π
v = 2i− 3j − 6k. 5. angle =
3
 castillo (ajc2686) – Assignment 1 – luecke – (55035) 7
−−→ −→
(1) right-angled at P when QP · RP = 0,
3π
6. angle = −−→ −−→
4 (2) right-angled at Q when P Q · RQ = 0,
−→ −−→
Explanation: (3) right-angled at R when P R · QR = 0.
Since the dot product of vectors a and b But for the vertices
can be written as
P (6, 5, −2), Q(1, 6, 1), R(2, 3, −1)
a.b = |a| |b| cos θ , 0 ≤ θ ≤ π,

where θ is the angle between the vectors, we we see that

see that
a.b −−→ −−→
P Q = h −5, 1, 3 i , QR = h 1, −3, −2 i ,
cos θ = , 0 ≤ θ ≤ π.
|a| |b|
while
But for the given vectors, −→
RP = h 4, 2, −1 i .
√ √ √
a · b = ( 3)(−5) + (2)(− 3) = −7 3 , Thus

while −−→ −→ −−→ −−→

QP · RP = 21, P Q · RQ = 14,
√ √
|a| = 7, |b| = 28 . and
−→ −− →
P R · QR = 0 .
Consequently,
√ √ Consequently, ∆P QR is
7 3 3
cos θ = − √ √ = −
7·2 7 2 right-angled at R .
where 0 ≤ θ ≤ π. Thus

5π
angle = . keywords: vectors, dot product, right trian-
6
gle, perpendicular,
016 10.0 points 017 10.0 points
A triangle ∆P QR in 3-space has vertices Find the vector projection of b onto a when

P (6, 5, −2), Q(1, 6, 1), R(2, 3, −1) . b = h 3, −1 i , a = h 2, −1 i .

Use vectors to decide which one of the follow-

ing properties the triangle has. 7
1. vector proj. = √ h 3, −1 i
5
1. right-angled at Q 7
2. vector proj. = h 2, −1 i correct
5
2. right-angled at P
9
3. right-angled at R correct 3. vector proj. = h 2, −1 i
5

4. not right-angled at P, Q, or R 7
4. vector proj. = h 3, −1 i
5
Explanation:
Vectors a and b are perpendicular when 9
5. vector proj. = √ h 3, −1 i
a · b = 0. Thus ∆P QR will be 5
 castillo (ajc2686) – Assignment 1 – luecke – (55035) 8
Explanation:
9 The vector projection of b onto a is given
6. vector proj. = √ h 2, −1 i
5 in terms of the dot product by
Explanation: a · b
The vector projection of b onto a is given proja b = a.
|a|2
in terms of the dot product by
a · b Now when
proja b = a.
|a|2 b = i + 4j− 2k, a = 2i+ 3j − k.
But when we see that
b = h 3, −1 i , a = h 2, −1 i , a · b = (2)(1) + (3)(4) + (−1)(−2) = 16 ,
we see that while
a · b = (2)(3) + (−1)(−1) = 7 , |a|2 = (2)2 + (3)2 + (−1)2 = 14 .
while
Consequently,
|a|2 = (2)2 + (−1)2 = 5 .
8
proja b = (2 i + 3 j − k) .
Consequently, 7

7
proja b = h 2, −1 i .
5 keywords: vector projection, vectors in space,

019 10.0 points

keywords:
The box shown in
018 10.0 points
z
Find the vector projection of b onto a when

b = i + 4j− 2k, a = 2i+ 3j− k. C B

2 D
1. vector proj. = (2 i + 3 j − k)
3
16
2. vector proj. = ( i + 4 j − 2 k) y
21
16
3. vector proj. = (2 i + 3 j − k)
21 A
8 x
4. vector proj. = (2 i + 3 j − k) correct
7
is the unit cube having one corner at the
2 origin and the coordinate planes for three of
5. vector proj. = ( i + 4 j − 2 k)
3 its faces.
8 Find the cosine of the angle θ between CA
6. vector proj. = ( i + 4 j − 2 k) and CB.
7
 castillo (ajc2686) – Assignment 1 – luecke – (55035) 9

1. cos θ = 0 keywords: vectors, dot product, unit cube,

cosine, angle between vectors
1
2. cos θ = √ 020 10.0 points
2
r
2 The box shown in
3. cos θ =
3
z
1
4. cos θ =
2 A
√
3
5. cos θ =
2
1
6. cos θ = √ correct
3 y
D
Explanation:
To use vectors we shall replace a line seg-
ment with the corresponding directed line seg- B C
ment. x
Now the angle θ between any pair of vectors
u, v is given in terms of their dot product by is the unit cube having one corner at the
origin and the coordinate planes for three of
u·v its adjacent faces.
cos θ = . −−
→
|u||v| Determine the vector projection of AB on
−−→
AD.
On the other hand, since the unit cube has
sidelength 1, 1
1. vector projection = (i − k)
2
A = (1, 1, 0), B = (0, 1, 1) ,
2
−→ 2. vector projection = − (i + j − k)
while C = (0, 0, 1). In this case CA is a 3
directed line segment determining the vector
1
3. vector projection = − (j − k)
u = h 1, 1, −1 i , 2

−−→ 2
while CB determines 4. vector projection = (i + j − k)
3
v = h 0, 1, 0 i . 1
5. vector projection = (j − k) correct
2
For these choices of u and v,
1
√ 6. vector projection = − (i − k)
u · v = 1 = 3 cos θ . 2
Explanation:
Consequently, the cosine of the angle between The vector projection of a vector b onto a
CA and CB is given by vector a is given in terms of the dot product
by
u·v 1 a · b
cos θ = = √ . proja b = a.
|u| |v| 3 |a|2
 castillo (ajc2686) – Assignment 1 – luecke – (55035) 10
On the other hand, since the unit cube has
side-length 1,

A = (0, 0, 1), B = (1, 0, 0) ,

−−→
while D = (0, 1, 0). In this case AD is a
directed line segment determining the vector

a = h 0, 1, −1 i = j − k ,
−−→
while AB determines the vector

b = h 1, 0, −1 i = i − k .

For these choices of a and b,

a·b = 1, |a|2 = 2 .
−−→
Consequently, the vector projection of AB
−−→
onto AD is given by

1
proja b = (j − k) .
2

keywords: vector projection, dot product,

unit cube, component,