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Pe.n;aKQHBTa na "ApXeOJIOfHB" npaesra aa 06C'Lx<.n;aHe MaTepHamrre, npeztcranena na th.JIrapcKD e3HK B 2 eK3. (TeKcT H Hay<leH anapar) sa MamHHa (crpanana OT 30 pezra no 66 yztapa) C Ka'leCTBeHH sa ornesaraane ofipasa, CnHC'LK na 06pa3HTe (2 eK3.) H pe310Me (3 eE3.). Ilpesona aa MaTepHaJIH OT '1yx<.n; aa 6'LJIfapCKH e3HK H npenacsaae na MamHHa peztamaara He H3B'LpmBa.

La redaction d' ApXeOJIOfHB accepte les materiaux pour etre examines presentes en langue bulgare en 2 ex. (texte et appareil scientifique) dactylographies (page de 30 lignes - 66 frappes), accompagnes de figures propres Ii etre imprimees, liste des figures (2 ex.) et resume (3 ex.). La traduction en bulgare et les textes dactylographies doivent etre assures par l'auteur.

Ha x o p a ua r a

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Ilnoua c u306pil:HceHue na mpaKuUCKU KOHHUK om Kapacypa

CHUMKQ M. BeuoeA

Sur la couverture

Plaque avec image de cavalier thrace de Karassoura

Photo M. Wendel

© ApXeOJIOfH'fecICH HHCTHTyT H MY3eR npa EAH 1988

c/o Jusautor, Sofia

APXEOAOr-V1>i

ISSN 0324-1203

roo. xxx

;,,; ..

o e r s n HA APXEOJlOrJ1lfECKJ1R J1HCTJ1TYT J1 MY3Eil

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ITPJ1 5'bJlrAPCKATA AKAfjEMJ1R HA HAYKJ1TF 1988

ApXeOJIOrHqeCKH npoysnanaa B Kapacypa

HOAX H M X EPM A H, M H XA EJ] BEH,[(EJ], BHOJ]ETA HEIllEBA

1988 ronaaa e 106HJIeRHa aa aaysaoro CDTpy,nHHlfeCTBO Me:JK,lJ;y Apxeonorasecxas HHCTHTyT C MY3eR npa BAH H QeHTpanHHJI HHCTHTYT aa crapa HCTOpHJI H apXeOJIOrHJI npa AH aa r.ll.p. HaB'bpWBaT ce. TpH ,lJ;eceTHJIeTHJI OT HalfaJIOTO aa C'bBMeCTHHTe apxeonorasecxa npoysaaaas aa TepHTOpHJlTa na HP Bsnrapas. Ilpea 1958-1980r. ce H3B'bpWHXa ycnenraa pasxonxa aa K'bCHOaHTHlfHHJI KaCTeJI Jbpyc H' paHHocpe,lJ;HOBeKOBHoTO cename npn c. KPHBHHa, Pasrpancsa 06JIacT. Pe3YJITaTHTe ce 06Hap0,lJ;BaT B nopenauara TOMOBe ".$hpycKpHBHHa", nesarana B r.ll.Pl, H ca cepaosea npHHoc B H3CJIe,lJ;BaHeTO Ha MaTepHaJIHaTa H .nyxoBHaTa KyJITypa B .lI.OJIHO,lJ;YHaBcKHJI ICpaR Me:JK,lJ;y IV H X B.2

3a zta ce ,lJ;06He no-rrsnaa npencrasa aa npexozta na aHTHlfHOCTTa K'bM cpenaosexoBHeTO H 3a CB'bp3aHHTe C Hero eTHOKYJITypHH npoueca, ICaKTO H sa ~opMHpaHeTO na 6:LJIrapCKaTa Hapo,nHOCT, aa HeiiHOTO 06meCTBeHO-' HKOHOMHlfeclCO pa3BHTHe .no xpas H8 XIV B. B no-nnrpox reorpaocxa apean, BHHMaHHeTO H8 6'bJIr8pcKHTe H HeMCKHTe apXeOJI03H npes CJIe,nBamHTe rO,lJ;HHH ce HaCOlfH IC'bM reparopHHTe aa tor OT lian1C8H8. Ilpes 1981 r. sanosaaxa COH,n8:JKHH npoyxsaaas, a OT 1982 r. - pe,lJ;OBHH apxeonoraxecxa pasxonxa B MeCTHOCTT8 Kanero, HJIM XHCapJI'bKa B 3eMJIMmeTO na c. PynKHTe, Xacxoscsa 06JIaCT3. Ta3H MeCTHOCT ce H8MHpa B IO:JKHHTe CICJIOHOBe aa Cpenaa ropa cpen T. Hap. qHpnaHcKH B'b3BHWeHHJI H e npopssaaa OT CTap8Ta pexa, H3BHpaII(8 OT TIJIaHHHaTa H BJIHB8ma ce B > p. Mapana aa OKOJIO 3,5 KM H3TOlfHO OT c. PynKHTe. TJI e H3KJIIOlfHTeJIHO 60raTa C apxeonorasecxa naMeTHHQH. Bspxy ezma roJIJlMa TIJIOm OT OKOJIO 1000 ,lJ;Ka npa 06xo)K,lJ;aHHJI ca ICOHCTaTHpaHH CJIe,lJ;H OT :JKHBOT OT HeOJIHTa ,lJ;0 K'bCHOTO Cpe,nHOBeKOBHe, B no- 6JIH3KHTe HJIM no-,n;anelfHH OICOJIHOCTH ca

H3BeCTHH Ha,nrpo6HH MOrHJIH, KaMeHHH xapaepa, cpe,nHOBeKOBHH CeJIHII(a H pyHHH na MaHacTHp4.

HJlKOH CTapH H3CJIe,lJ;BaHHJI (6e3 pasxonxa) H ,n;aHHHTe OT H3B'bpWeHHTe npea nOCJIe,nHHTe HJlKOJIKO rO,lJ;HHH apxeonoraxecsa Ha6JIIO,lJ;eHHJI H pasxonxa CBH,neTeJICTBYBaT, 'Ie B omrcanara MeCTHOCT ca CDmecTBYBanH nOCJIe,nOBaTeJIHO aHTH'IHO H Cpe,nHOBeKOBHO censure, C yspeneaa anpa H8 B'b3BHWeHHJlTa Kanero H Kaapsxa, Me)K,lJ;y KOHTO e nporasana Crapara pen. .lI.o HaCTOJlmHJI MOMeHT 06eKT aa TepeHHH npoyssaaaa e B'b3BHWeHHeTO KaJIeTO C nonHO:JKHJlTa My OT sanan H iorosanan, Ha Kaapssa ca aanpaaeaa casso OT,n;eJIHH COH,lJ;a:JKHs.

KaJIeTO e B'b3HHKHano B'bpXy npaHcTopHsecxa ceJIHIIlHa MOrHJIa C paassepa: ,n'bJI:JK. 170M, map. 150 M H BHC. 18 M. Pa3nOJIO:JKeHa e aenocpencraeao aa cesep Kpaii Crapara pexa, He06xo,nHMO e ,na oroeJIe:JKHM, 'Ie ICYJITypHHTe nJIaCTOBe OT pa3JIHQHHTe HCTOPH'IecKH H npaHCTOpH'IeCKH enOXH ca nOCTpa,lJ;aJIH CHJIHO npes 1965r. OT HMaHJlpcKH' H3KonH C 6YJI,1J;03ep, npopssaaura B'b3BHWeHHeTO aa 3Ha'lHTeJIHa ,lJ;'bJI60'lHHa B'bB BCH'IKH nOCOKH, OC06eHO na ror, Haaeceaa ca rOJIeMH utera He casso '1pe3 aapynrasaae aa crpararpadmsra, HO H '1pe3 YHHmO:JKaBaHe aa apXHTeICTypHH H ,npyrH ceJIHmHH OCTaHICH.

QJInOCTHO TepeHHO npoyssaae na npaHCTOpasecsara CeJIHII(Ha MOrHJIa He e B'b3MO:JKHO nopazm nOKpHBamHTe 11 PYHHH OT aHTH'IHH H cpe,nHOBeICOBHH CTpoe:JKH, '1HeTO aanaaaaae H excnoaapaae e HaJIO:JKHTeJIHO. 3aToBa TJI ce npoyssa '1aCTH'IHO, B npoueca aa paaxpasane aa Te3H apxarexrypna OCTaHKH, '1HHTO OCHOBH ca BKonaHH B TIJIaCTOBeTe H. OTKpHBaT ce npe,nHMHO 6HTOBH MaTepHaJIH, aan-paaaare OT KOHTO ca OT enoxaTa Ha K'bCHHJI HeOJIHT. H3KJIIO'IHTeJIHO ueHHH ,lJ;aHHH 6J1xa nony'leHH

• 06p. I. Kapacypa=s otnq nnau. Fig. I. Karassoura-plan general

OT cesepnaa COH,lJ;a)l(, 3aJIO)l(eH B ,lJ;1>JI60K HMaHSlpCKH H3KOn B MOrHJIaTa OT HaH-BHCOKaTa H TO'lKa B QeHTpaJIHaTa 'IaCT ,lJ;O nO,lJ;HO)l(HeTO H na ceaep C ,lJ;1>JI)I(. 60 M H map. 5 M. Ilpa pasxorrxare e ,lJ;OCTHrHaTa ,lJ;1>JI6. 12 M. nO-HaTaT1>IlIHaTa pafiora B conztaxa e npeKpaTeHa nOpa,lJ;H onaCHOCT OT 3eMJIeHH CBJIH'IaHHSl6• B npO<pHJIHTe My ca YCTaHOBeHH OCTaHKH OT 8 nOCJIe,lJ;OBaTeJIHH YKpenHTeJIHH C1>Op1>)I(eHHSI (BaJI H pOB). Te ce narupar OT xpaa aa pamrara 6poH30Ba enoxa zto HaqaJIOTO aa cpeznrara 6poH30Ba enoxa. Bspxy HSiKOH OT BaJIOBeTe HMa OCTaHKH OT ,lJ;1>pBeHO-3eMJIeHH naJIHCa,lJ;H H KaMeHHH xpenann. K1>M C1>Il(OTO speve ce OTHacSi H e,lJ;HO )l(HJIHIl(e C ancazma CTeHa, 'IHHTO OCTaHKH 6S1xa pa3KpHTH B IO)I(HHSI KpaH na connaxa. To 6e npoyxeao 'IaCTH'IHO. Y CTaHOBeHO 6e, 'Ie e paspyureno npa noxap. nO-paHHH apXeOJIOrHqeCKH MaTepHaJIH, npe,lJ;HMHO xepasrnxa, ce oTKpHBaT pa361>pKaHH B HaCHnHTe na BaJIOBeTe. Te npOH3XO)l(,lJ;aT OT KyJITypHH nJIaCTOBe OT apessero aa K1>CHH}I HeOJIHT (Kapaaoso 4) H OT eHeOJIHTa (KYJITYPH Mapaua H Kapanoso 6) ,lJ;O paHHHSI 6pOH3 (Kapaaoso 7).

2

3acera He ca KOHcTaTHpaHH CJIe,lJ;H OT o6HTaBaHe na MOrHJIaTa Me)l(,lJ;Y cpezmara 6poH30Ba enoxa H III B. np. H. e. HaH-paHHHTe apxarexrypaa OCTaHKH ce zrarapar B 111-1 B. np. H. e. Cpen TSiX HaH-3a6eJIe)l(HTeJIHH ca 'IaCTH OT KaMeHHa xpenocrua CTeHa, OTKpHTH B ceBepHHSI COH,lJ;a)l( CaMO aa HSiKOJIKO srerpa H3B1>H K1>CHOaHTH'IHaTa KpenOCT. C1>Il(aTa CTena B npyr cexrop e npopasaaa OT K1>CHOaHTH'Inara. Harepecea <paKT e, 'Ie TSI e <PYH,lJ;HpaHa B ropsrr nJIaCT, ztarnpan spea C14 B III B. IIp. H. e." Hsrpaneaa e OT nJIOCKH KaM1>HH B cyxa 3H,lJ;apHSI, aanasena B HSiKOJIKO pena. IIIHpoKa e 2,85 M. Ilpn paapytuasaaero H, KaKTO ce YCTaHOBH B coaztaxa, e 3aCHIIaH POB1>T. 3a pa3JIHKa OT BCH'IKH IIO-K1>CHH CTpOe)l(H B1>PXy MOrHJIaTa, KOHTO ca CB1>p3aHH C nOCOKHTe na K1>CHOaHTH'IHaTa cesepna KpelIOCTHa CTeHa, OTKpHTHTe pyHHH OT crpann B HenOCpe,lJ;CTBeHa

. 6JIH30CT ,lJ;O TpaKHHcKaTa CTeHa ca C1>06pa3eHH C HeHHaTa opHeHTaQHSI, T. e. 're ca ennospeMeHHH C aes.

OT BpeMeTO na pHMCKaTa BJIaCT B TpaKHSI (I-III B. OT H. e.) aa MOrHJIaTa ztocera C1>Il(O He ca 3a6eJI}l3aHH CeJIHIl(HH OCTaHKH. B 6JIH3KaTa OKOJIHOCT o6aqe e HMaJIO e,lJ;HO HJIH nOBeqe TaKHBa CeJIHIl(a, ,lJ;OKa3aTeJICTBO 3a KoeTO ca BTOPH'IHO H3IIOJI3YBaHHTe B IIO-K1>CHH CTpOe)l(H

cno.naa - <pparMeHTH OT KOllOHH, xarnrrena, nnoxa C ofipasa aa TpaKHikKHSI KOHHHK, KOHTO ce narupar HaH-06LUO BbB II-III B.

HaH-MHor06poHHH H HaH-BHywHTellHH ca pYHHHTe na KbCHOaHTHqHOTO cermute. CqHraxre, 'Ie aa TOBa MSiCTO, Kb,a;eTO e MHHaBall rnaanasr PHMCKH rrsr OT KOHCTaHTHHonOll npes <l>HllHnonOll H Cepzunca sa HaH3YC H CHHrH,a;YHYM, ce e nasrapana m.rnara CTaHLJ.HSI Kapacypa 8. OCHOBa sa TOBa CTaHOBHLUe ca TpH nHCMeHH aasopa. JIaTHHcKH HTHHepapHYM OT 333 r. crroxseaaaa CTaHLJ.HSlTa aa 39 PHMCKH MHllH OT <l>HllHnonoll B nOCOKa KbM Anpaaaonon". B onncanaero aa nbTYBaHeTO na MbqeHHKa Anexcanzrsp PHMCKH npea TpaKHSI B aasanoro na IV B. Kapacypa e nocoseaa KaTO yxpenen rpazt na pascroanae 40 MHllH OT <l>HllHnonoll H aa 18 MHllH OT Bepoe!". I1Ma OCHOBaHHe zra ce ztonycne, 'Ie npa Kapacypa e HMallO pasxnon C rn.r KbM Eepoe H nepoarao cenmnero e nonaziano nozt aeronara a,a;MHHHcTpaTHBHa anacr. nOCOqeHHTe pa3cToSlHHSI ,a;OCTa TOqHO 1l0KallH3HpaT Kapacypa B npoyxsaaara OT Hac MeCTHOCT. B cnacsxa na Ilpoxonna sa HOBOH3rpa,a;eHHTe HllH npey-

.06p. 2. Kanemo-u omq useneo. Fig. 2. Kaleto- vue generate

CTpoeHH KpenOCTH B npOBHHLJ.HSI TpaKHSI npH ynpaanenaero na axmeparop IOCTHHHaH (527-565) Ti"' CbLUO ce cnosreaasa non HMeTO Kapacrropa 11. .IJ:aHHHTe OT H3BopHTe CBH,a;eTellCTBYBaT orne sa aenpex scnar )l(HBOT TyK npea KbCHaTa aHTHqHOCT, a CbLUO H sa Ba)l(HOTO crparernsecxo aaaxeaae aa xpenOCTTa. 3acera ofiaxe HMeTO Kapacypa He e safiensaaao BbPXY aaxrepemrre npezta HllH no BpeMe Ha pa3KonKHTe enHrpa<pCKH naMeTHHLJ.H12 .

Bt.npexa 'Ie zto HaCTOSlLUHSI MOMeHT ca pa3KpHTH caxro qaCTH OT KpenOCTHaTa CHCTeMa, CTaHa SlCHO, 'Ie TSI ce e cscroana OT ztae qaCTlr, pasnorroacena na Karrero H Kaiipaxa, CBbp3aHH noxrescny CH CbC CTeHa. no T03H HaqHH aa zmere Bb3BHweHHSI ca 6HllH orpopMeHH zme rpancxn sztpa, npncnocofieaa sa caMOCTOSiTellHa orfipana H ct.tueepexreaao 3aLUHTaBallH qaCTHTe OT cenmnero B normo)l(HSITa HM. C TOBa ce noraspxnaaar nafirno,a;eHHSlTa na Kaperr Illxopnan, cnopezt KOHTO no ezma sacr OT KpenOCTTa ce e nasrapana cesepao H IO)I(HO OT pexara 13.

Flpn paaxornorre B fOr03ana,a;HOTO nozmo)l(He na Kanero, npn T. Hap. I'aneaa xeun-ra, ca OTKpHTH MaCHBHH pyHHH OT nopra, ztofipe yxpenemr C zma 6aCTHoHa, paanonoaceaa

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3

ceaepao H IO)I(HO xpaii Crapara pexa, aa pa3CTOSlHHe 12 M e,l(HH OT rrpyr. Pexara zmec e npecsxnana, HO HeHHOTO KOPHTO MHHaBaJIO npes noprara H JIHqH ztofipe, a OCBeH TOBa cnOMeHH aa HeSi HMa cperr MeCTHOTO HaCeJIeHHe (aa c. PynKHTe, c. CB060,l(a, qHpnaH H np). oaCTHOHHTe B nJIaH ca KBa,l(paTHH C pan-tepa 8/8 M . .LJ:BaTa HM BbHIlIHH brbJIa B nOCOKa, npOTHBOnOJIO)l(Ha na TeqeHHeTO na pexara, ca 3a06JIeHH, BepOSiTHO aa YKpOTSIBaHe aa BO,l(HTe H. JIHueBHTe qaCTH na 6acTHoHHTe ca asrpa,l(eHH OT MHoro ,l(06pe 06pa60TeHH BapOBHKOBH xsanpa B npaBHJIHH penose. Ilt.nneacsr ce CbCTOH OT Heo6pa60TeHH BapOBHKOBH KaMbHH. C~oHKaTa e OT 6S1JI xopocaa. liaCTHOHHTe ca CBbp3aHH C KpenOCTHH CTeHH OT pa3JIHqHH nepHO,l(H. E,l(HOBpeMeHHoc TSiX e H3,l(HrHaTa sanaztaara xpenocraa CTeHa aa KaJIeTO B nOCOKa OT ceaep KbM tor (c OTKJIOHeHHSI KbM H3TOK H sanan). TSI CBbp3Ba ceBepHHSI 6acTHoH CbC cesepoaarrazmara brJIOaa KyJIa aa MOrHJIaTa H npozrsnxaaa OT W)I(HHSI 6aCTHOH KbM Bb3BHIlIeHHeTO Kailpaxa. C ztpyra ,l(yMH, Ta3H CTeHa e yxpensana IO)I(HaTa sacr aa rpazta. 3a Cb)l(aJIeHHe B KOPHTOTO Ha peKaTa ca H3rpa,l(eHH HSiKOJIKO CbBpeMeHHH BO,l(OnpOBO,l(a, CBbp3aHH C BO,l(OcHa6,l(SlBaHeTO na CbCe,l(HHTe cena, KOHTO ca HapYIlIHJIH CTapHTe rpanexca H TOBa npesa aa nbJIHOTO H3S1CHSlBaHe aa repennara cHTyaUHSI. Y cnxxxre zia YCTaHOBHM OCTaHKH OT ,l(Be rtpyrn KpenOCTHH CTeHH, CBbp3aHH C onHcaHHTe 6aCTHOHH H pa3BHBaIUH ce KbM H3TOK, orpasc,l(aHKH KOPHTOTO Ha peKaTa. He e HanbJIHO SlCHa OIUe TSlXHaTa ,l(aTHpOBKa, HO no KOMnJIeKCHH apXeOJIOrHqeCKH ,l(aHHH re ca nO-KbCHH OT noprara H 6acTHoHHTe (aarpaztean npea IV B.). Moxe 6H ca H3,l(HrHaTH npa ezmo nO-KbCHO npeycrpoiicrso na xpenocrra. Iloxpaii CTeHHTe orm.rpe HMa OCTaHKH OT crpana!",

Pa3KpHTHTe ztocera qaCTH OT YKpenHTeJIHa'ra CHCTeMa na KaJIeTO (cexropa OT aanazurara CTeHa, cesepaara CTeHa H caspaaamara rn cesepoaanazura xpsrna KyJIa) nOKa3BaT, qe re ca H3,l(HrHaTH eztaoapesrenao C pexaara nopra H 6acTHoHHTe npes IV B. (npa BCHqKH CJIyqaH npena 333 r., OTKoraTO ztarnpa nbpBOTO cnosreaasaae na xpenocrra). 11 zmere CTeHH B JIHueBHTe CH qaCTH ca H3rpa,l(eHH OT ztofipe 06pa60TeHH BapOBHKOBH KBa,l(pH CbC CbIUHSI rrsrmex KaTO T03H na 6aCTHOHHTe npa pesnara nopra. B ropnare qaCTH aa OueJIeJIHTe HM pyHHH JIlI'IaT CJIe,l(H OT npeYCTpoHCTBa. noztofipe e npoysena cesepnara KpenOCTHa CTeHa. TSI e pasxpara B nporexeaae aa 80 M. Ilr.paoaasarraara it: IlIHpHHa e 2,20" M, KaTO npa npeycTpoHcTBaTa B HSIKOH yqaCTbUH e y,l(e6eJIeHa ,l(0 3,20 M. Ilpoxreaea e H CbCTaBbT na cnoHBaIUHSI KaMbHHTe 6S1JI xopocaa. Ilpes V B. B CTeHaTa e asrpaztena nopra (IlIHp. 4 M). B 3ana3eHHTe pyHHH ,l(06pe JIHqaT HeHHHTe CTpaHHUH. OTKPHT e npar C ,l(ynKH sa OCHTe na SlBHO ,l(BYKpHJIaTa BpaT~. npH nOCJIe,l(BaJIaTa peKoHcTpYKUHSI na xpenocrra noprara e 6HJIa

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.06p. 3. Kanemo=s ceeeposanaoua «y na. Fig. 3. Kaleto - lour ronde nord-ouest

saaaztaua, KaTO OT BbHIlIHaTa H crpaaa e H3,l(HrHaTa Y -06pa3Ha KyJIa C paasrepa 9/ 9,50M. TSI e ,l(OCTa MaCHBHa-CTpaHHqHHTe H CTeHH C ziefi. 2,80 H 2, 30 M, a Y-06pa3HaTa qaCT-C ztefi. zto 4 M. Fpaneacsr no JIHuaTa e OT nJIOCKH 3eJIeHHKaBH KaMbHH (nrarpep), a nbJIHe)l(bT-OT BapoBHK. Cnoaxara e OT 6S1JI xopocan. Ta3H KyJIa see orne He MO)l(e zta ce nampa C TOqHOCT, TbH KaTO He e npoysena H3USlJIO B ,l(bJI60qHHa. Ho KaTO ce HMaT npe,l(BH~HaXO,l(KHTe H HeHHHSI THn, pa3npoCTpaHeH B 6bJIrapCKHTe 3eMH npes VI B., MO)l(eM ,l(a ztonycnexr, qe TSI e cm-psaaa C npeYCTpOHCTBOTO na KpenOCTTa no IOCTHHHaHOBO apesre.

nOqTH H3USlJIO e npoysena ceneposananaara xpsrna KyJIa (BbHIlIeH ,l(HaM. 10,50 M H m.rpenrea ,l(HaM. 6 M). TSI CbIUO e MHoro MaCHBHO KpenOCTHO csoprcseaae. B JIHueBaTa CH qaCT e nocTpoeHa OT ,l(06pe 06pa60TeHH BapoBHKoBH KaMl>HH B TeXHHKa onyc MHKCTYM (c 4 pena TyXJIH). CnOHKaTa e OT P030B xopocan. nO-KbCHHTe npenpasxa ca C zrpyrn cTpOHTeJIHH MaTepHaJIH H ca rtofipe H3S1BeHH B pYHHaTa. Ilozrsr na KYJIaTa e o<i>opMeH C pen KaMbHH H orrope CbC .3aMa3Ka OT 6S1JI xopocan. Ha 1,50 M nan Hero B CTeHHTe H ca sanaseaa 9 JIerJIa aa zrspsena rpemr, KOHTO ca rrozursp-

3

)l(aJm nona aa eraxa, Ha C'bIlWTO HHBO ca OTKpHTH OCTaHKH OT nopra, caspaaana xyrrara C B'bTpelllHOCTa aa KpenOCTTa. BepOJlTHO Bp'b3KaTa Me)l(,Uy erasca H npH3eMHeTO ce e ocsutecrsaaana spes B'bTpelllHa zrspseaa crsn- 6a. B eraxa (Ha,U xonro He e H3KnlO'IeHO na e HMano oute e,UHH, KaTO ce HMaT npe,UBH,U MaCHBHHTe CTeHH) ca ce nasena xpaaarenaa npanaca, CBH,UeTenCTBO aa TOBa ca MHO)l(eCTBOTO rnHHeHH C'b,UOBe (aMIPOpH, KaHH, ztenBH), pasrpoureaa npn paspyurasasero aa xynara H OTKpHTH no nozta aa npH3eMHeTO. B HJlKOH OT C'b,UOBeTe ca sanaaeaa )l(HTHH aspaa . .naHHH aa npH'IHHHTe sa paspyureaaero HH ,UaBaT JlCHO nH'IalllHTe B nozta H B CTeHHTe aa npH3eMHeTO nYKHaTHHH (urap. orono 0,05 M). nO,U06HH nYKHaTHHH ca OTKpHTH B pYHHHTe OT crpazta B'bTpe B xpenocrra. RBHO Te ca OT 3eMeTpeceHHe C ronssra paspyunrrenaa cana, Oute nosexe, 'Ie uanara aanazma CTeHa na xyrrara e rrexo no rsaana B 3eMHHTe nnacrose. Haxo,UKHTe OT nona aa npH3eMHeTO He,UByCMHcneHO cBH,UeTencTBYBaT, 'Ie TOBa e cranano npea VI B. nO-K'bCHO Ta3H xyna e B'b3CTaHOBeaa, KaTO '1aCT OT CTeHaTa Ii, KOJITO CB'bp3Ba cesepaara H sanaaaara xpenocraa CTeHa, e yzretieneaa. Ha,U3H)I(,UaHHJlTa H nonpasxare ca H,UeHTH'IHH no MaTepHan H Ha'lHH aa rpaaex C rpa,Ue)l(a Ha Y-06pa3HaTa Kyna Ha ceBepHaTa xpenocraa CTeHa, T. e. C YBepeHoCT MO)l(e,Ua ce Ka)l(e, 'Ie re ca aanpasena esmo no IOcTHHHaHOBO spexre. Jhmcara aa XHaTYC e ,UOKa3aTenCTBO, 'Ie B'b3CTaHOBJlBaHeTO e H3B'bpWeHO senaara HnH HaCKOpo cnezt aesrerpeceaaero.

B'snpexa MHoro CnO)lCUOTO HaCnOJlBaHt.; H npeDJ1HTaHe aa crpoexa B'bB B'bTpelllHOCTTa aa KpenOCTTa OT pa3nH'IHH enOXH H paspyunrrenHOTO ,UeHCTBHe Ha HMaHJlpcKHTe H3KonH npH pasxonxare, C'bCpe,UOTO'leHH sacera B uearparmara '1aCT H B ceBep03ana,UHHJI ceKTOP, e YCTaHOBeHa OTHOCHTenHO JICHa CTpaTHrpaIPHB H CTpOHTenHa xpOHOnOrHJI. K'bM nepaona aa K'bCHaTa aHTH'IHOCT npaaannexar nosesero OT pa3KpHTHTe apxarexrypna OCTaHKH - OT )l(HnHmHH, KynToBH, CTonaHCKH crpana H C'bOP'b-

)l(eHHB. ,

Iloxpaa cesepnara KpenOCTHa CTeHa H CB'bp3aHH C aes ca 6HnH pasncnoxeaa peztana nOCTpOHKH, KOHTO MoraT na ce OTHeeaT K'bM aaxanoro na IV B. 3ana3eHH ca npe,UHMHO B OCHOBH, H3rpa,UeHH OT He06pa60TeHH KaM'bHH, C'bC cnoaxa OT 6Bn xopocaa HnH KanOB paarsop. no nnaa ca rrpaeosrsnaa, CDC crpoarencrsoro npea VB. ca CB'bp3aHH ,UBe crpana OT BepH)I(eH THn-e,UHaTa C 4, ztpyrara-s-c 5 I10MemeHHJI. Te ca 6HnH OT,UeneHH enaa OT npyra C ManKa TJlCHa ynH'IKa, KOJITO I1pH I10-K'bCHa CTpOHTenHa nasreca e 3aTBOpeaa. HaXO,UKHTe B Te3H crpana, H OC06eHO MOHeTHTe B'bpXy I10,UOBeTe HM, KaKTO H )l(HTHH 3'bpHa, ,UaTHpaHH xpea MeTo,Ua CI4 B 460 L, I10Ka3BaT, 'Ie re ca paapynreaa B nocnenaara TpeTHHa na V B., BepOJlTHO I1pH rOTCKHTe aamecraas. PYHHH OT nOCTpOHKH, H3rpa,UeHH B

V B. H paspymeaa I10 C'bmOTO apesee, ca OTKpHTH H B .uearpanaara '1aCT aa KpeIlOCTTa.

HHTepeCHH ca OCTaHKHTe OT ,Use enaonpoCTpaHCTBeHH c[pa,UH KpaH ceBepHaTa KpeI10CTHa CTeHa,OT ,UBeTe CTpaHH aa I10pTaTa. CIIope,U HaXO,UKHTe H C'bOTHOllleHHeTO HM CDC CTeHaTa TBXHOTO asrpasctane ce CB'bp3Ba C I1peYCTpOHCTBOTO crrezt sesrerpeceaaero I10 BpeMeTO aa IOCTHHHaH. nOCTpOHKaTa H3TO'lHO OT I10pTaTa, KOBTO I10 TOBa apesse He e IPYHKllHOHHpana, e HMana erax Ha,U KaMeHHOTO CH I1pH3eMHe, K'bM KoeTO ca sonena crsnana, HeroBHBT I10,U, aepoarao C zrspseaa KOHCTPYKllHB, ce e xpenan B'bpXy KaMeHHH KonOHH - CIIonHH H IPparMeHTH OT MHnHapHH KonOHH. npH3eMHeTO e BKOIlaHO B 3eMHHB I1naCT aa oxono 0,50 M. Bspxy I1o,Ua My OT TpaM60BaHa r naaa ca aasrepeaa MHor06pOHHH pasrpomeaa aM6ana)l(HH rnHHeHH C'b,UOBe (aMIPOPH, npHeTa) H TpH xpossena, T. e. TOBa I10MemeHHe e HMano CTOIlaHCKa IPYHKllHB. CTeHHTe aa eraxa H I1pH ,UBeTe crpaznr ca 6HnH H3rpa,UeHH OT KHpIlH'I. nOKpHTHeTO HM e 6HJ10 C zrspseaa KOHCTPYKllHJI H ,UDC'IeHa 06BHBKa, a orrope-e-c reryna H HM6pHllH. Borarare HaXO,UKH H MOHeTHTe I10Ka3BaT, 'Ie re ca paspymeaa B spas aa VI B. HnH B aaxanoro aa VII B. HaH-BepOJlTHO I1pH aapsapczare aameCTBHB. Ho CKOPO cnezt TOBa ca 6HnH B'b3CTaHOBeHH, I1pH KoeTO e aanpaseao HOBO B'bTpelllHO paanpezteneaae. BepOJITHO npes paHHOTO cpenHOBeKOBHe Crpa,UHTe I1peT'bpIlJlBaT ome e.uua peKoHcTpYKllHJI C I1pOMeHH B aarepaopa. BXO,U'bT K'bM I1pH3eMHeTO OTB'bH, B nasannaa BapHaHT C KaMeHHH crsnana, e 6Hn 3a3H,UaH. Bpsaxara C B'bHIIIHaTa cpezta ce e OC'bmeCTsaaana xpea eraxa Ha,U Hero, a Me)l(,Uy eraxa H I1pH3eMHeTO-C ssrpeuma zrspseaa cT'bJ16a. CTpOHTenHaTa TeXHHKa e paanasna-e-rpa,Ue)l('bT na aanaseaara '1aCT OT cynepcrpyxllHBTa e KaMeHeH, C eneMeHTH na T. Hap. pafieaa KOCT. 3a pasrraxa OT zrpyra H3BecTHH rpa,Ue)l(H OT T03H BH,U no 6'bnrapcKHTe 3eMH TYK ca H3I10n3YBaHH ManKH I1nOCKH KaM'bHH HnH IPparMeHTH' OT aHTH'IHH 'ryxna H xepeMH,UH, a CIIOHKaTa e OT KanOB pa3TBQP.

B ceBep03aIla,UHHJI ceKTOP na KpenOCTTa HMa OCTaHKH OT eztna l{JIJ1a nocrpoaxa, xsanparaa B I1naH (paasaepa 5/5 M, C BXO,U OT sanan), H '1aCT OT ztpyra, H3,UHrHaTH na He06HTaBaHo I1pe3 aHTH'IHOCTTa MJlCTO H B csmara rexaasa, H3me)I(,Ua, 'Ie KOHCTPYKllHJlTa aa Te3H crpana He e 6Hna MHoro H3.llp'b)l(nHBa, KoeTO e aanoxano CTeHHTe HM OTB'bH na ce I10,UKpeIlJlT C IPparMeHTH OT MHnHapHH KonOHH . .llaTHpaHeTO HM e MHoro TPY,UHO, 3amOTO B TJlX nHIICBaT MOHeTH. Kepassaxara e nocra apxaasaa, HaIlO.ll06Bsauta Kl>CHOaHTH'IHaTa, HO paanaxaaanra ce I10 crpyxrypa OT HeB. HMa H HJlKOnlCO rspaera, pa60TeHH na psxa, KOHTO MoraT zta ce OTHeeaT K'bM paHHOTO cpennoeexoaae - VII-VIII B. B crpararpaocxo ornomeaae Te3H crpana ca ce I10JlBHnH cnezt paspymasanero aa KDCHoaH-

5

• 06p. 4. Ka nemo-e-Iiasusuxa Nf! 1 u cpeauoeexoeua usptcea. Fig. 4. Kaleta ~ basilique No 1 et eglise medievale

HI'IHHTe, T. e. npa BCH'IKH CJIY'IaH CJIe)]. cpeztara na VII B., KOeTO ce )].OKYMeHTHpa H OT MOHeTH na axmeparop I1paKJIHH. KaTO ce B3eMaT npenann H HaXO)].KHTe, MO)!(eM )].a )].OnYCHeM )].aTHpaHeTO HM B VII-VIII B.

OT oc06eHO Ba)!(HO 3Ha'IeHHe sa H3}JCH}JBaHe Ha H}JKOH OT ¢YHK~HHTe Ha KbCHOaHTH'IHOTO CeJIHlI.(e ca pa3KpHTHTe )].Be 6a3HJIHKH. E)].HaTa OT T}JX e H3)].HrHaTa nO'ITH Ha HaH-BHCOKOTO M}JCTO aa KaJIeTO, B CeBepOH3TO'IHaTa My 'IaCT. BHYllIHTeJIHHTe H PYHHH ca nOCTpa)].aJIH CHJIHO OT sanan H ror OT HMaH}JpCKH H3Kon C 6YJI)].03eplS. no nJIaH T}J e rpaxopafiaa , ezmoancanna, C ezmortenea HapTeKC H C 6anTHCTepHH OT IOrOH3TOK (orne HenpOY'IeH). I1Ma CJIe)].HHTe paaxrepn: )].bJI)!(. 24 M, urap, 14,30 M. Cpe)].HH}JT xopaf e urap. 7,50 M, CTpaHH'IHHTe - no 2 M. Ancanara - OTBbTpe nOJIYKpbrJIa, OTBbH TpHCTeHHa, e C BbTpellIHH paasrepa: )].bJI)!(. 4,90 M, )].bJI6. 3,50 M. Haprexcsr e C )].bJI)!(. 3. OpHeHTa~H}JTa na xpaxra e H3TOK - aanan, C OTKJIOHeHHe KbM cesep OKOJIO l O".

.Oa3HJIHKaTa e nOCTpOeHa BbPXY He06HTaBaHO npes aHTP:'IHOCTTa M}JCTO. CTeHHTe H ca ¢YH)].HpaHH B nJIaCT OT Cpe)].HaTa 6pOH30Ba enoxa. CaMO B CeBepHH}J xopaf HMa ¢parMeHTH OT zma 3H)].a, BepO}JTHO OT crpana OT

4

eJIHHHCTH'IeCKaTa enoxa (111-1 B. np. H. e.) . Fpaneso.r aa CTeHHTe aa 6a3HJIHKaTa B JIH~eBHTe 'IaCTH e OT uenea nJIO'IHHK H BapOBHK, cnoiixara e OT 6}JJI xopocaa. Fh,nHe)!(bT e OT 'IaKbJI H 6}JJI xopocaa . .LJ:e6eJIHHaTa HM e 0,80 M. 51cHo ce pasrpamrsaaar zma CTpOHTeJIHH nepaona, ocofieno rtofipe H3}JBeHH B zmere nO)].OBH HHBa, OTCTO}JlI.(H aa 0,50 M enao OT zrpyro, nbpBH}JT norr e OT TpaM60BaHa rJIHHa. CJIe)].HTe OT )].bPBOTO no He}J nOKa3BaT, 'Ie e 6HJI nOKpHT BepO}JTHO C )].bCKH. Ilozn.r na OJITapa e o¢opMeH no ztpyr Ha'IHH-pe)]. He06pa60TeHH KaM~bHH CbC 3aMa3Ka OT 6}JJI xopocaH, BbPXY KO}JTO ca nOJIO)!(eHH TYXJIH. l.JacT OT T}JX ca OTKpHTH na MeCTO. BTOPH}JT non B ~}JJIaTa 6a3HJIHKa e o¢opMeH no CblI.(H}J Ha'IHH KaKTO nbpBH}JT no)]. OJITapa. Cnope)]. aHaJIH3a na HaXO)].KHTe H ua aanaseaare 'IaCTH OT CTeHHTe Ta3H nocrpoiixa e H3)].HrHaTa rrpea IV B. BTOPH}JT cTpOHTeJIeH nepaorr MO)!(e na ce em-pace C Bb3CTaHOB}JBaHeTO aa xpenocrra CJIe)]. sexrerpeceaaero npes VI B. B H3TO'IHaTa H 'IaCT rrpes panaoro cpennonexoaae (B IX B.) e H3)].HrHaTa MaJIKa ~bPKBa. Jlancara na XHaTYC Me)!()].y 6a3HJIHKaTa H Ta3H ~bPKBa ztasa OCHOBaHHe )].a ce )].onYCHaT )].Ba BapHaHTaHJIH 6a3HJIHKaTa e ¢YHK~HOHHpaJIa )].0 crpoexca aa cpe)].HOBeKOBHaTa ~bPKBa, HJIH rrsx npa 3anO'IBaHeTO na crpoexa TR e 6HJIa B PYHHH, KOHTO ca 6HJIH H3BeCTHH ua cpe)].HOBeKOBHHTe MaHCTopH H re ca Cna3HJIH Tpa)].H~HRTa aa

5

KYJITOBOTO MRCTO, H3.llHraHKH HOBa I.J;'bpKBa aa MRCTOTO na crapara, CJIe,n; KaTO ca pa3'1HCTHJIH HaCHnHTe C pynreaaaa H ca npeH3nOJI3YBaJIH rO,n;HHR CTpOHTeJIeH MaTepHaJI (nOCJIe,n;HOTO - H B nsara napaaara),

B rrspsara ny6JIHKaI.J;HR aa pe3YJITaTHTe OT COH,n;aJKHHTe npoysaaaas B Kapacypa e ofinapozman nJIaH'bT aa 6a3HJIHKa N2 216, HeHHHTe pasxonxa He ca npHKJIIO'IHJIH, HO pa3KpHTOTO e ,n;OCTaT'b'lHO, aa .lla ce nanpaaar HRKOH 3aKJIIO'IeHHR. Oa3HJIHKaTa ce aasrapa B sanarmoro no,n;HOJKHe na KaJIeTO, aa 60 M H3B'bH CTeHHTe

• 06p. 5. Ea3UJlUKa Ng 2. Fig. 5. Basilique Ng 2

7

aa KpenOCTTa. no nJIaH U: csmo e rpaxopafiaa, ennoancaaaa, C HapTeKC aa sanan, 06lIlHTe If paassepa ca: ,n;'bJI)((. 31,40 M, WHp. 17,50 M. Cpe,n;HHSlT xopaf e C passrepa: ,ll'bJI)((. 19 M, WHp. 8 M. CTpaHHqHHTe ICopa6H ca WHPOKH no 3,30 M. Ancanara OTB'bTpe e C ,ll'bJI)((. 6,20 M H ,n;'bJI6. 3,80 M. HapTeKC'bT e C passsepa: 4,30/16M (OTB'bTpe). Opaearauaara aa 6a3HJIHKa .NQ 2 noaraps Ta3H na 6a3HJIHICa .NQ 1, OTKJIOHeHHeTO K'bM cesep e 11~ 3acera e OTKpHT casro enaa BXO,n; - Me)((,n;y aaprexca H Cpe,n;HHSI xopafi, ICaTO aa T03H npar e H3nOJI3YBaH qy,lleeeH MpaMopeH penep aa TpaICHHcKH KOHHHK (06p. 6). Ilpa pa3KonICHTe aa pa3JIHqHH MeCTa H3 6a3HJIHKaTa ca OTKpHTH ome qeTHpH no,n;06HH penepa. Ilpa tpH OT TSiX JIHqH, 'Ie penedrsr e pa36HT YMHWJIeHO. BepoSITHo aa TOBa MSiCTO HJIH B HenOCpe,llCTBeHHTe My OKOJIHOCTH e HMaJIO TpaKHHCKO CBeTHJIHIlle, OTK'b,lleTO npOH3XO)((,n;aT CnOJIHHTe.

CTeHHTe Ha 6a3HJIHICaTa ca H3rpa,n;eHH OT 06pa60TeHH BapoBHKoBH KaM'bHH MH 3eJIeHH nJIOCKH ICaM'bHH (WH~p) C rrsnaex H cnoasa OT 6S1JI xopocaa.Kaxro ee BH)((,lla, nOBTapSiT ee oco6eHOCTH, C'bOTBeTCTBYBalIlH aa nsara OCHOBHH CTpOHTeJIHH nepHo,n;a Ha ICpenocTHaTa CTeHa OT IC'bCHaTa aHTHqHOCT-Haq. aa IVB. H aropara nOJI. aa VI B. BePOSITHO H Ta3H crpana e nocrpaaana npa sesrerpeceaaero H e B'b3CTaHOBeHa CJIe,n; TOBa. ,Ue6. aa 3H,llOBeTe If B cynepcrpyxuas e 0,70 M, a B Cy6CTpyIC~HH - 0,80 M. CTeHHTe ca ~yH,1J;HpaHH B npaacropaqeeICH llJIaCTOBe, a aa MeCTa-B qHCTa rJIHHa, aa ,n;'bJI6. ,ll0 1,80 M. OTB'bTpe ca 6HJIH YICpaeeHH C cppecKH. OTICPHTH ca ~parMeHTH OT TJlX, O~BeTeHH B sepseao.

Kopafiare ca 6MH paaaeneaa spea ICOJIOHH.

Besrara e orzteneaa OT nporesaca H ,llHaICOHHICOHa C'bC CTeHH. Ilpen ancaaara HMa OCTaHICH OT fiasa aa OJITapHa nperpana, asrpanena OT 06pa60TeHH BapOBHICOBH ICaM'bHH OT nO-CTapH PHMCKH CTpOe)((H.

Ilonsr aa 6a3HJIHICaTa e paspymea OT noIC'bCHH rp060Be H npa csapesseaaara 06pa- 60TICa aa 3eMSITa. 3a HerOBOTO o~pMSlHe MO)((e na ce C'b,n;H no OCTaHICHTe B OJITapHaTa xacr aa aaprexca. Ilozrsr aa OJITapa e nOKpHT ICaTO T03H na 6a3HJIHICa .NQ l-c pen KaM'bHH, xopocaaosa 3aMa3Ka H TyX!IH, a aa aaprexca -c TpaM60BaHa rJIHHa H TYXJIH.

Ilozt nona aa ,llHaKOHHKOHa ee OTICpH C'bOp'b)((eHHe OT ,llBe MaJIKH ycnopeztaa TYXJIeHH CTeHHqICH (ocTaHKH OT ypna HJ1H C'bKpOBHIlle). To qaCTHqHO 3aCT'bnBa 3H,n;aH TYXJIeH rpo6, sxonaa aa 0,50 M non nona (06p. 5).

Pa3qHCTeHHSlT B Hero CKeJIeT e C On'bHaTH ropaa KpaHHHIlH H e na B'b3paCTeH HH,1J;HBH,ll. HaxO,1J;KH JIHnCBaT, HO Ta3H ocofieaocr B norpe6aJIHHSI pHTyaJI H MeCTOnOJIO)((eHHeTO na rpofia nasar OCHOBaHHe na ee nonycae, 'Ie norpefiaaasr e 6M enacson MH ztpyro aacnre ,n;YXOBHO JIH~e. TOBa, KaKTO H nO-rOJISIMaTa npe,n;CTaBHTeJIHOCT na 6a3MHKa .NQ 2 B cpasHeHHe C Ta3H aa KaJIeTO n03BOJISIBaT na ee

8

nanpasa npensaparenea H3BO,n;, 'Ie 6a3HJIHICaTa e enacxoncxa, a OTTyK - 'Ie K'bCHOaHTHqHHSlT rpazt Kapacypa e arpan 1!a)((Ha pOJISI D ,n;YXOBHHSI )((HBOT aa TpaKHSI npea K'bCHOaHTHqnara enoxa. Pa36Hpa ce, Te3H 3aKJIIOqeHHSI MoraT ,n;a 6'b,n;aT zrorrsnaeaa HJIM: xoparapaaa npa nO-HaTaT'bWHHTe npoysaaaaa,

3a YTOqHSlBaHe Ha eTHHqeCKHSI C'bCTaB Ha HaCeJIeHHeTO, 06HTaBaJIO H3CJIe,n;BaHaTa MeeTHOCT npea paHHOTO cpe,n;HOBeKOBHe H OC06eHO B rrspsare My BeKOBe, npa ,n;oceraWHHTe pa3IConICH He ca nOJIyqeHH ,llOCTaT'bqHO ,n;aHHH. KaKTO e H3BeeTHO, CJIaBSlHHTe ca ce 3aeeJIHJIH aa tor OT Banxaaa ome npes VII B. lia3HpaHKH ce na HSiKOH HaXO,llKH, B qaCTHOCT na cnosseHaTHTe rJIHHeHH cszrose, npaseaa aa psxa, MO)((e na ee npaexse, 'Ie aKO He USlJIOTO aacenenae aa cpe,n;HOBeKOBHOTO cemnne B'bpXy K'bCHOaHTHqHHSI rpan, 1'0 HaH-MaJIKOTO qaCT OT Hero e 6HJIO CJIaBSlHCKO. KaKBo e o6aqe C'bOTHOWeHHeTO Me)((,lly Hero H MeCTHHSI cy6- CTpaT, aa KaK'bBTO Bee nax HMa H3BeeTHH noztarxa, H HMa JIH KOHTHHYHTeT B KyJITypara-e-rosa ca B'bnpOCH,Ha KOHTO Bee ome He MO)((eM na ,n;a,n;eM 3a,n;OBOJIHTeJIeH OTrOBOp. '»CHO e e,n;HO-qe )((HBOT'bT (cnopen ztaaaare OT pasxonxare aa KaJIeTO) npozrsnxasa 6e3 npexscsane He3aBHCHMO OT HaweeTDHSI H paspymeaas. Hee'bMHeHO e H TOBa, 'Ie npea cneasaunrre CTOJIeTHSI (OT IX B. HaTaT'bK) HaeeJIeHHeTO e 6'bJIrapcKo none B OCHOBHaTa CH npeofinanasauta sacr, 'raxa KaKTO H B OCTaHaJIHTe paHOHH H CeJIHIUa aa IO)((H06'bJIrapcxare 3eMH. ,naHHHTe OT HCTopHSITa ca KaTerOpHqHH D TODa OTHoweHHe ssnpexa npeBpaTHaTa HCTOpHqeeKa C'b,ll6a Ha Te3H 3eMH, B KOHTO HeBe,llH'b)(( 6'bJ1fapcKaTa nOJIHraxecxa BJIaCT ce e CMeHSlJIa C DH3aHTHHCICa, H 06paTHO. Cpe,n;HOBeKOBHOTO CeJIHIlle aan anTHqHaTa Kapacypa e npeKpaTHJIO C'bIUeCTByBaHeTO CH HaH-K'bCHO B xpas aa XIV D.

Bee onte He 3HaeM ,llaJIH npes paHHOTO cpenaosexoaae (VII-XI D.) TOBa cemmre ee e pasnpocrapano aspxy B'b3BHWeHHeTO Kaiipaxa nopana MaJIKOTO npoysaaaas, H3B'bpmena nocera TaM. KaKTo nOCOqHXMe, aa KaJIeTO HMa rpanexa OT VII-VIII B. MMa nocrpoam H OT IX-XI B. B ueHTPaJIHaTa sacr na MOrHJIaTa ca OTKpHTH nae )((HJ1HIlla OT TOBa spesse. no nJIaH ca KDa,n;paTHH, C paassep 3/3 M. BKonaHH ca na OKO;lO 0~50 M B 3eMHHSI nJIaCT, KaTO ssonaaara sacr e 06JIHUODaHa C ezmopenosa 3H,n;apHSI OT 3eJIeHH nJIOCKH KaM'bHH (WH~p), cnoena C 6SIJI xopocaa, nO,llOBOTO HHBO ee OqepTaBa OT llJIaCT TB'bp,n;a TpaM60- saaa fJIHHa. )IUIJIHIllaTa ca paspytueaa npa noxap. K'bM C'blIlHSI nepaon ee omaCSIT pa3KpHTHTe HSlfOJIICO rOJIeMH ICPYWOBH,llHH SlMH C ,n;'bJI6. ,llO 1,50 M, B ICOHTO ca aassepena ICepaMHqHH ~parMeHTH H MOHeTH. B eznra OT SlMHTe ca OTICpHTH 9 BH3aHTHHCICH aHOHHMHH MOHeTH OT xpas na X - HaqaJIOTO aa XI B., xpea ICOHTO ce ztarapa TOBa paspymeaae, 3aCerHaJIO USlJIOTO cenaute. no MOHeTHTe e

06p. 6. Il noua C usotipaoceuue na mpaxuacxu

KOIIl/IiK - CI10.1l1.~ om oasu.uoc« Nfl 2. Fig. 6. Plaque avec image de cavalier thrace -- spolia de la basilique Nfl 2

nOJIenHaJIa TbKaH, noxasaauta, 'Ie ca 6HJIH B KeCHSI. TaKHBa MOHeTH ca aasrepeaa H B npyra SlMH, H B )f(HJIHmaTa 3ae)1,HO C MHor06poUHa 6HTOBa xepaxrmca, lJaCT OT KOSITO e CbC 3JIaTHCTa anrofia. TOBa e MHoro QeHHO OTKpHTHe, 3amOTO snaca H3MeHeHHe B )1,OJInara XpOHOJIOrHlJeCKa rpanaua na xepasraxa'ra CbC 3JIaTHCTa aHr06a OT 6bJIrapCKHTe 3eMH,

2 ApXeOJ10rl1., 4, 1988 r.

KOSITO nocera ce OTHaCSlIIIe npe)1,HMHO KbM XII B. H HaU-paHO KbM cpeztara na XI B.

Ilpes IX B., KaKTO CnOMeHaXMe, BbPXY H3TOlJHaTa CTeHa aa HaOCa na 6a3HJIHKa NQ 1 e nOCTpoeHa MaJIKa e)1,HOKOpa6Ha e)1,HOanCH)1,Ha QbpKBa C HapTeKC OT 3ana)1,. Ta3H crpa)1,a e nOCTpa)1,aJIa CHJIHO H e )1,OCTa YHHmO)f(eHa OT nO-KbCHH rp060Be H OT ct.apesreaaara HMaHSlpCKa HaMeca. OpHeHTaQHSlTa H CbBna)1,a C Ta3H na 6a3HJIHKaTa. Pa3MepHTe H ca: )1,bJI)f(. 12 M, WHp. 6 M; BbB BbTpeWHOCTTa aa Haoca-

9

5/5 M, a aa aaprexca - 2,50/5 M. ,L{e6eJIHHaTa na CTeHHTe e 0,70 M. Te ca aarpaneaa OT 06pa60TeHH BapoBHICoBH ICaMbHH CbC cnoHICa OT 6V1 xopocaa. JlBHO cTpoHTeJIHHJlT MaTepHaJI e H3BJIe~eH'OT PYHHHTe Ha 6a3HJIHICaTa. 3a cTa6HJIH3HpaHe aa OJITapa H3TO'lHaTa CTeHa e nO-MaCHBHa (.ne6. 1 M). JlCHO ce paarpanaxaaar naa CTpOHTeJIHH nepaona, TIpe3 nbpBHJI CTeHHTe ca 6e3 <iJYH.naMeHT H crsnaar uanpaso aa nona aa 6a3HJIHICaTa, ICOHTO e H3nOJI3YBaH aa non aa QbpICBaTa. TIO-ICbCHo ce H3BbpWBaT H3BeCTHH npOMeHH B aarepaopa, 6e3 .na e JlCHO, xora TO'lHO e CTaHaJIO TOBa H no ICaICBH npH'IHPH. HHBOTO Ha no.na e nOB.Il:HrHaTO C 0,30 M, 6e3 .na ce rrpoxseaa vxapaxrep'sr My - pen ICaMbHH CbC 3aMa3ICa OT 6S1JI xopocaa H orrope TYXJIH. TYXJIeHaTa HaCTHJIICa e sanaaeaa 'IaCTH~HO B OJITapHOTO npocrpaaCTBO, o<iJoPMJIeHHeTO na ICOeTO e YCJIoxeHeHO. ,L{aHHH 3a TOBa HH .naBa OTHOCHTeJIHO .n06pe sanaaeaara 'IaCT, ceaepao OT ancanara, Cesepaara CTeHa aa QbpICBaTa e H3MeCTeHa C 0,20 M HaBbH. Mexe.ny Ha~aJIOTO aa ancaanara ICOHxa H· H3TO'lHaTa CTeHa, BJISIBO OT aea, e H3.nHfHaTa aanpesaa CTeHa (nocoxa H3TOKsanan) H raxa BJISIBO OT Ta3H ICOHxa ce e O<iJOPMHJIO CaMOCTOJITeJIHOTO npOCTpaHCTBO -npOTe3HC. BepOSlTHO H OT .nJlCHaTa crpaaa aa ancanara e H3BbpweHO no.n06HO npeyCTPOHCTBO (aanoxeao Moxee 6H OT H3MeHeHHSI B QbPKOBHHJI pHTyaJI) H e o<iJopMeH .Il:HaICOHHICOH. TIpoTe3HCbT e C xaaztparaa <iJoPMa, J(aICBaTO BepOSlTHO e HMaJI H .nHaICOHHKOHbT (BbTpeWHH passrepa 0,80/0,80 M). H3MeHeHHSlTa ca CbJ.naJIH He06xo.ll:HMHTe YCJIOBHJI sa HOBO, KynOJIHO nOICpHTHe aa QbpICBaTa. B OCTaHICHTe OT fpa.nexea OT T03H nepHO.n npH anCH.naTa H npoTe3Hca JIH'IH onyc MHICCTYM B TpH pena, OTBbTpe trspxsara e 6HJIa 60faTO yxpaceaa CbC CTeHHa xeHBonHc, <iJparMeHTH OT KOSITO ca aassepeaa npa pa3IConICHTe. TSI e paspyureaa HaH-BepOSlTHO saezrao C QJlJIOTO CeJIHIIle npea XI B. npa HaWeCTBHSlTa aa neseaesa, Y3H HJIH ICYMaHH. CBJmeTeJICTBO aa TOBa e aassepeaoro B aacana fJIHHeHO rspae C 49 6POH30BH aHOHHMHH BH3aHTHHcICH MOHeTH OT xpas aa X - Ha'laJIOTO aa XI B. TIPH irspxnara e pa3KpHT rO.ITSlM HeKpOnOJI, OT KOHTO no cera ca paaxonaaa 227 rpofia. 0pHeHTaQHSlTa HM e sanan - H3TOK, ~eCTO CbC ce30HHH OTKJIOHeHHSI. Ilorpeoenasra ca H3BbpwBaHH B SlMH, 'IaCTH'IHO HJIH H3QV10 06JIKQoBaHK C KaMbHK, HO KMa H TaKHBa 6e3 06JIHQoBKa, B KOHTO nOKOHHHQHTe ca 6KJIK nOJIaraHK B rrspseaa ICOB'Ie3H. JPKTYaJIbT e XPKCTKJlHCKH. Psnere ca cICpbCTeHH B sopessnara 06JIaCT HJIK BbPXY np.ll:HTe. B e.ll:HH cny'laH MarncO ,neTe e norpefiano B nosa aa xoxep, Ilon rnaaara MHoro ~eCTO ca nOCTaBSlHH MOCICK ICaMbHH

1 Iatrus-Krivina, Bd. 1-3. Berlin, 1979, 1982, 1986; Bd. 4 (non nesar); Bd. 5 (B nonrorossa).

2 J. Herrmann. Die altbulgarische Siedlung iiber dem antiken Kastell Iatrus (Knvina bei Russe, VR Bulgarien). Zum AuschluB der Ausgrabungen. - Iatrus-

10

HJIK TYXJIK. 67 % oTrpo60BeTe ca ,neTCKH. 06KICHoBeHo nOICOHHHQHTe ca nOJIaraHH B rpo6 no e.ll:HH, HO ce cpeutar H .nBOHHH norpetieaas, Mexe,ny ICOHTO K TaICHB~ aa MaHq c nere. B ztaa rpq6a ca OTlCPHTH napoae - ICe~MH~eH Cb.n c no eaao QJlJIO SlHQe. B HnOH' rpofioae HMa MHoro 60raTH YICpaweHHJI- rpHBHK OT CTbICJIO H 6POH3, npscreaa H 06eQH OT cpe6po, 6pOH3 K Me.n, HaywHKQH, 6POH30BK ICpbCToBe, aMYJIeTK, OrbpJIHQH OT CThICJIO .. HaH-rOJIJlMaTa OrbpJIHQa, SlBHO MHorope.nOBa, e C nosese OT 8 XHJISI.Il:H MbHHCTa (CHHQH). rp060BeTe ca palnonoxeaa MHoro rbCTO e.ll:HH no apyr H eztaa Ha.n ztpyr. 06I1lo B HeICponOJIa ce .nOJIaBSIT TpK XOpH30HTa, 'IKSITO narapoesa ce onpenens OT naxonxare B rpofiosere. TIbPBKJlT e Mexe.l{y paapymeaaero na 6a3HJIHICaTa H CTpOHTeJICTBOTO aa QbpICBaTa (no IX B.), BTOPKSlTenaoapesseaea C trspxsara (IX-Ha'l.Ha XIB.) H TpeTHSlT - CJIe.n palpyweHHeTo R (XIXIV B.). qacT OT rp060BeTe OT nOCJIe.nHHSI XOPH30HT ca paapyurana KJIH 06e3JIK'IHJIH 3H.noBeTe R.

Mexe.ny XI H XIII-XIV B. ce ztarapar pa3ICpHTHTe 'IaCTH OT nocrpoaxa - ICaMeHHK 3H.nOBe CbC CnOHKa OT 6S1JI xopocaa HJIM BapOB pa3TBOp. OCTaHICH OT ceJIHIIleTO OT TOBa spesse HMa H B ceBepHOTO no.n:uoxeHe aa KaJIeTO, If BbPXY Bb3BHweHHeTO KaHpJlICa aa tor 1 7.

ID:o ce OTHaCJI .no yICpenHTeJIHaTa CHCTeMa npea cpe,nuOBeICOBKeTO ,no XIV B., asrnexna e HlnOJI3YBaHa Ta3K OT ICbCHaTa aHTH'IHOCT, HO He e JlCHO .naJIK e <iJYHKQHOHHpaJIa nbJIHOQeHHO H noxora e 3ana3HJIa CBOJlTa QVIOCT. CBK.neTeJICTBO, 'Ie e npozrsnxano H3nOJI3YBaHeTO R, ca MHor06pOHHKTe nonpassa H y.ne6eJISlBaHKJI B cesepaara ICypTHHa, aa cesepoaananaara xpsrna ICYJIa (Moxee 6H npesspaara B 6aCTKOH), a csuto H <iJaKTbT, 'Ie npa nsrpaanaHeTO na nOCTpOHICH KpaH Ta3H CTeHa 0pHeHTaQHSlTa KM e cb06pa3S1BaHa .C . aes, TIpe3 XIII-XIV B. 06atJe lHa~eHHeTO aa xpenocr-ra aa KaJIeTO e HaMaJIVlO, mOM ICaTO OTBbH no csmara CTeHa ca 6HJIM ,nOJIeneHH nOCTpOHICH.

06I1lO sa , cpe.nHOBeICOBHOTO ceJIHIIle aa TOlK eran aa npoysaaae MoraT na ce aanpasar CJIe.n:uKTe 0606I1leHKSI. Mexc,ny VII H IX B. TO He e HMaJIO H3J1BeHH rpancxa <iJYHICQHH; arpaeno e pOJISI npenasnro na aoeaea nearsp B cesepaare npenena aa BH3aHTHHCICaTa HMnePHJI, sa ICoeTO e cnosrarana aaxaara My crparerasecxa n03KQHJI. CJIe,n IX B. K noICbCHO, ocofieao npes XII-XIII B., CTpyKTypara H ICYJITypaTa My KMaT rpancxa xapaxrep, TIpe3 BpeMeTO aa pa3BKTHSI <iJe0.naJIH3bM HerOBOTO QeHTpanHO JI,npO no Bcna BepOJlTHOCT e 6KJIO Bb3BHweHKeTO Kaapsxa, ICoeTO me 6b.ne 06eICT na 3a.l{bJI60tJeHH 6b.neIllH TepeHHH K3CJIe.nsaHHJI.

Krivina, Bd. 3. Berlin, 1986, 5--23; M. Wendel. Die mittela1terlischen Siedlungen.-Op. cit., 183-204.

3 J. Herrmann, D. Nikolov. Beginn und erste Ergebnisse archaologicher Ausgrabungen in der antiken StraBenstation Karasura bei Stara Zagora, VB Bulgarien.

Einfiihrung.-Klio, 65, Hr. I, I, 1983,5-7; B. Bo t ge r, M. Wendel. Karasura und die Sondernarbeiten im Jahre 1981.-0p. cit., II, 7-25.

4 B. Bo t g e r, M. Wendel. Op. cit., 9-13.

5 n'hpBHlIT TOM "Kapacypa" e B nO)J;rOTOBKa.

• 6 Onacaaaero aa nJIaCTOBeTe e aanpaaeao OT n. Feopraeaa; A. Xepsraa H X. TO)J;opOBa. 06pa6oTKaTa aa KepaMH'IHHlI MaTepHaJI e H3B'hpWeHa OT n. Feopraesa (ny6JIHKa~lITa e B nO)J;roTOBKa).

7 3a )J;aTHpoBKaTa BlK. J. Herrmann, D. Nikolov,

M. Wendel. Karasura-antike StraBenstation und mittelalterliche Siedlung bei Rupkite (YB Bulgarien).Das Altertum, 32, Hr. 2.' Berlin, 1986, p. 91, fig. 2, 3.

8 6pa T 1I ill KOpnHJIOBH. naMeTHH~ H3 6'hJIrapCKO. c., 1888,44-48; M. C'h6eB. lIHpnaHcKH )J;peBHOCTH. lIHpnaH, 1906, 20--24; K. Hpe'leK. BoeHHHlIT nvr OT Benrpaa aa Ilaparpaa H 6aJIKaHCKHTe npoxoaa, - 6H6, IY, T. 4, 1932, c. 150; )l UOH'IeB. PHMCKHlIT rrsr Philippopolis - Carassura H pa3KJ10HeHHeTO My npa RanihnTI.-rnHM6, 1942 sa 1940--1941,40-60; n. J).eJIH-

p a n e B. npHHOC K'hM HCTOpH'IecKaTa reorpa41HlI aa TpaKHlI, I. C., 1933,323-324; B. Bo t g e r, M. Wendel. Op. cit., 16-17.

9 P a u Ius. Real- Encyclopadie der classischen Altertumswissen schaft. Bd. IX, 1916, sp. 2353; JIH6H, T. I, 1958, c. 41.

10 JJ.. n. J).Hi'ir,TPOB. n'hTyaaHeTO na CB. AJIeKcaazrsp PHMCKH npea TpUHII.-HAH, T. 8, 1934, 116-161.

11 rl-'16H, II. c., 1954, c. 176.

12 G. M i h aj I 0 v. Inseriptiones graecae in Bulgaria repertae, II I. S., 1964. 80--86, No 1624-1634; B. Bdtger, Nobilissimis Caesaribul. Meilensaulenfunde in Karasura. - Das Altertum, 32, hf. 2. Berlin, 1986, 117-122.

13 Bp a r s illKOpnHJIOBH. UHT. C'h"l., 44-45. 14 Pa3KonKHTe He ca npHKJlIO'IHJIH.

15 B. Bo t ge r, M. Wel\del. Op. cit., p. 13. 16 Ibid., 22-24.

17 Pa3KonKHTe npo)J;'hJllKaaaT.

18 BrBfi t g e r, M. Wendel. Op. cit., p. 10.

Etudes archeologiques a Karassoura

J. HERMANN. M. WENDEL. V. NESEVA

(Resume)

Au cours de 1988 s'achevent trois decennies depuis Ie debut des etudes archeologiques sur Ie territoire de la Republique populaire de Bulgarie, entreprises par l'Institut archeologique avec musee pres l'Acadernie bulgare des sciences et I'Institut central d'histoire ancienne et d'archeologie pres l'Academie des sciences de la Republique Populaire d'Allemagne. Apres les fouilles reussies Ie long du limes danubien -du castel de la Basse antiquite Jatrus et du site medieval au-dessus de lui - pres du village Krivina, region de Razgrad (1958-1980), les etudes coordonnees ont continue dans la plaine de la Thrace, dans la localite .. Kaleto" ou "Hisarliika" pres du village Rupkite, region de . Haskovo. Cette contree d'une superficie de 100 hectares, abonde en monuments archeologiques de differentes epoques historiques. La s'elevent les collines .Kaleto" et

.. Kajrjaka", entre lesquelles serpente Starata reka. .

.Kaleto" est un tell prehistorique. II est etudie partiellement etant donne qu'il est couvert de vestiges architecturaux compacts de l'Antiquite et du Moyen Age. La stratigraphie dans sa partie centrale est troublee par des excavations profondes effectuees par des chercheurs de tresor, Lors du sondage nord d'une grandeur importante ont ete etablis 8 equipements de fortification - remblai / fosse de la fin de l'age du bronze tardif et moyen. Des vestiges culturels plus anciens, avant tout de la ceramique, se trouvent dans les comblements des remblais-du temps du neolithique recent, de l'eneolithique tardif, de la fin de l'encolithique et de l'age du bronze tardif. On a decouvert cgalernent des fragments d'un mur d'enceinte du IIIe-Ier s. avo n. ere a proximite immediate du mur nord de la forteresse de la Basse antiquite, A cet endroit, sur la route romaine principale Ccnstantinople - Philippopolis - Ser-

dica - Singidinum, au cours du IY·-'-:VIe S., d'apres les sources ecrites mcntionnees, se trouvait la station routiere Karassoura. La localite, qui etait bien fortifiee, etait situee sur les deux hauteurs .. Kalcto" et .. Kajrjaka" et a leur pied. Les deux forteresses etaient reliees par un mur avec une porte fortifiee qui cst l'objet d'etudes archeologiques, Jusqu'a present ont ete decouvertes des ruines massives des equipernents de forteresse dans la partie nord de .. Kaleto", des vestiges architecturaux de maisons d'habitation et d'une basilique a trois nefs dans les limites de cette forteresse, d'une deuxierne basilique egalernent a trois nefs avec un tombeau vraisemblablement d'un eveque dans Ie diaconicon, situee au pied ouest de .. Kalcto". La localite a subi certains ravages par suite des invasions des Goths au y. S., d'un tremblement de terre au Vie S. (retablie pendant Ie regne de l'ernpereur Justinien), des invasions et peuplements slaves pendant Ie Ylle S. Les traces les plus anciennes de vie du Moyen Age bulgare peuvent etre rapportees vers les VIle -Ville s. On constate un habitat plus intensif entre Ie IXe et les Xllle-XIye S. Des ruines de constructions d'habitation ont ete decouvertes sur les couches de la Haute antiquite de "Kaleto", des traces de reconstruction des equipements des forteresses a cet endroit, une petite eglise a une nef du Ixe_xe S., apparue sur les vestiges de la partie est de la basilique dans la forteresse, avec une necropole autour d'elle (Ixe-XIY· s.). La localite medievale etait egalernent situee sur les deux hauteurs et a leur pied.

Les fouilles du site archeologique Karassoura contribueront a la solution d'une serie de problemes imprortants lies a la genese et au caractere des cultures en Thrace depuis la plus Basse antiquite jusqu'a l'expansion turque a la fin du

XIVe S. .

II

"O,nPHCKHSIT ,nSIJI" B POr03eHCKOTO C'bKpOBHme

I1BAH MAPA30B

Ensa J1H e HMaJlO B 6'bJlrapCKaTa apxeonorH'IeCKa HaYKa TOJlKOBa fiypea nepnon aa .a:HCKYCHH, aa paxnaae aa XHnOTe3H, aa CMeJIH npennonoxeaas, na aKTHBHH r'spceaaa, KOJlKOTO npea rO.a:HHHTe, nocneasana OTKpHBaHeTO na POr03eHCKOTO C'bKpOBHme. BCH'IKH HHe .a:'bJl)KHM ocooeaa npH3HaTeJlHOCT aa OTKPHBaTeJlHTe, KOHTO xpea 6'bp3aTa ny6J1HKa~HH HH nanoxa B'b3MO)KHOCT CaMO MeCe~H cnezt 06HBHBaHeTO aa HaXO.a:KaTa na pasnonarasre C T03H H3KJlJ<)'1HTeJleH B'bB BCHKO OTHOWeHHe MaTepHaJl 1. ECTeCTBeHO 6ewe OT CaMOTO aasarro BHHMaHHeTO ,na ce HaCO'lH K'bM T'bJlKYBaHeTO aa Ha,nnHCHTe H cuenare no csztosere OT Por03eH HJlH rrsx K'bM npH'IHHaTa aa caMOTO sapaaane aa C'bKpOBHmeTO. M aa caMHHT orrtaztox ztaa na T03H nopaa. Ho BpeMe e na nOT'bpCHM H HHKOH no-carypna onopaa TO'lKH aa HaWHTe XHnOTe3H. A Te MoraT na 6'b,naT .a:a,neHH e,nHHCTBeHO OT BHHMaTeJlHHH CTHJlOBOTeXHOJlOrH'IeH aHaJlH3 aa cpHaJlHTe H KaHHTe, xoaro 6H HH n03BOJlHJI na ra pa3nOJIO)KHM B ~HJlOCTHHH KOHTeKCT H~ TpaKHHcKaTa TOpeBTHKa H no T03H Ha'lHH no TO'IiIO ,na CH npencraeasr KapTHHaTa aa ,nBH)KeHHeTO aa CK'bnO~eHHHTe npeznsera B KyJITypHHH 060pOT na TpaKHH.

Ilpennaraaara CTaTHH HMa aa sanasa na H3HBH OHe3H poroseacxa csnose, KOHTO 6Hxa MOrJlH C MHoro rOJlHMa carypaocr na ce npamnnar aa npoztyxmerra na O,npHcKHTe arenaera, Ha npsa nor nen B T03H onar HHMa HHmO .rpyzmo - Te3H Ba3H HOCHT Ha.a:nHCH, C'b.a:'bp)KamH HMeHaTa aa O.a:pHcKHTe nape KOTHC H Kepcefinerrr H aa npanannexaunrre HM cemnna OT paiioaa aa Csemeaara llJIaHHHa. Ho OKOJlO TOBa OCHOBHO MPO MO)KeM na npHC'be,[{HHHM .oute TOJlKOBa npeztsrera finaroztapemre aa cpaBHHTeJIHHH CTHJIOB aHaJlH3. A TOBa 3Ha'lHTeJlHO H3MeHH OTHOCHTeJlHHH .a:HJI Ha O.a:pHcKHTe .a:apoBe B TpH6aJICKOTO ~apcKo C'bKpOBHme. OT ztpyra crpana, HHe nonysaBaMe HHcpopMa~H H aa xapaxrepa aa 'ropeaTHKaTa KaTO opraaasapaaa npoasaoncraena .a:eHHoCT B paMKHTe aa O.a:PHCKOTO napcrso. HHMa na ce cnapasr aa rrsrantara, no KOHTO O.a:pHcKHTe csnose ca nonanaana B TOBa C'bKpOBHme, T'bH KaTO Be'le aanpasax TOBa aa zrpyro MHCT02.

1. HHKOH OT aazmacaaare cpHaJIH (N.!27, 28, 30, 31) ca 6e3 BCHKaKBa yspaca, KoeTO 3Ha'lHTeJIHO 3aTpYJl:HHBa pa60TaTa no KJIaCHcpHI(a~HHTa HM, ThH KaTO OTC'bCTBYBa HaHBa)KHHHT ,[{HarHOCTH'IeH 6eJIef-.a:eKopa~HTa KaTO CPOH.[{ OT OpHaMeHTH H CHCTeMa na

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opraHH3aQHHTa HM. E,nHHcTBeHo no rrpodmna aa Te3H '1allIH MO)KeM ,na C'b,[{HM sa HHKaKBa 06mHocT, CBH.a:eTeJlCTBama aa npoasxon OT eJl:HO arenae. Pa36Hpa ce, caxrara TeXHHKa aa H3pa60TICa (neeae HJlH H3'1YKBaHe no xansn, Ha'lHHa aa 06pa60TICa aa nOB'bpXHOCTTa H T. H.) MO)Ke.a:a HH npenocrasa HHKaKBH ztorrsnHHTeJlHH ,naHHH aa 06m npOH3XO,n. Haa-paaaa OT Ta3H cepas rnaasa CPHaJIH e N.!27 -TH HOCH HMeTO aa CaTOK, a aa nOM'bp)KaM MHeHHeTO, 'Ie TO npHHaJl:Jle)KH Ha O.a:PHCKHH npHHQ OT TpeTaTa '1eTB'bpT aa V B. np. H. e.3 T'bKMO Ta3H 'lalla e J1HTa (H 3Ha'lHTeJIHO nO-Te)KKa, T. e. H no-cxsna), a OCBeH TOBa HMa H3HCKaH CHJlyeT, crporo H3.a:'bp)KaHH KOHTypH H '1HCTH asrna.a:eHH nOB'bpXHOCTH. AKO H cpaBHHM C cpHaJIa .Nil 30, npoasaeneaa sa KOTHc I H nonapeaa My OT rpazta Anpoc, Be,lJ;llaI'a me npOJlH'IH pa3J1Hxara B CTHJla: nocnenaara e rpyfio H3'1YKaHa H ocofeao B'bB B'bTpellHaTa CH nOB'bpXHOCT H306mo He e 6HJIa H3fJla)K.a:aHa. TOBa cpasaeHHe MO)Ke 6H HH pasxpaaa pa3J1H'IHH OT XpOHOJlOrH'IeCKH xapaxrep, a MO)Ke 6H e H B'bnpOC aa npoH3Bo,nCTBeH uesrrsp. Ho enaa ,npyra J1HTa cpHaJIa OT POf03eH (N.! 32) nOKa3Ba xasecrsara aa "caToKoBaTa" 'lalla H cnopen MeH TOBa e 6eJ]er sa ztarapaaero Ii OT xpas aa V B., T. e. OT BpeMeTO npezm KOTHC. J(oKaTo cpHaJlH N.! 34 H 36 ca nO-6JIH3KH .a:o csna OT Anpoc, a no npoCPHJI (aacoxa llHHKa, pa3WHpssauta ce no npasa J1HHHH K'bM YCTHeTo H cpaBHHTeJIHO llJIHTKO THJlO), KaKTO H no pa3MepH (0,10 x 0,035 H 0,105 x 0,039) noKa3BaT H3nOJI3BaHeTO Ha 06IU KaJI'bn 3a H3'1YKBaHe. MO)Ke 6H K'bM C'bIUaTa rpyna rpsdsa aa npHC'be,[{HHHM H xama N.!37, KOHTO e nO-nJIHTKa, HO no npoqmn ce npH6JIH)KaBa K'bM Be'le orracaaare, lIalla .Nil 28 HOCH· HMeTO aa KOTHc H TonOHHMa Beoc, KaKTo npodnursr, TaKa H pa3MepHTe HanOMHHT ,[{BeTe cpHaJlH C H,[{eHTH'IHH Ha,nnHCH OT MOfHJlaHCKaTa MOfHJla (0,127 x 0,045 H 0,125 x 0,045). TO'lHO CDC C'bIUHTe paassepa H nax 6e3 yxpaca e H sropara cpHaJla OT POf03eH, nonapeaa na KOTHC OT Anpoc (N.! 31-0,125 x 0,042), MaKap 'Ie HeHHHHT nporpan e pa3J1H'IeH. Orne e,[{HH eK3eMllJIHp OT Beoc (aaseepea B ~HrbOJI) e JIHlleH OT ztexopauaa, BcH'IKO TOBa HH BO,[{H K'bM y6e)K.[{eHHeTO, 'Ie cpHaJlHTe OT Beoc H Anpoc npaaannexar K'bM ezma H C'bIUa CepHJI "C'b,nOBe 6e3 yxpaca", npoasaeneaa B eztao O,llPHCKO aTeJIHe. Taxa aa npsa rrsr ce nOCTaBH B'bnpOC'bT, ztana B'bB BCHKO oTceJIHIUaTa, nonapxaana Te3H sama, e C'bmecTBYBaJlO co6CTBeHO aTeJIHe? OrfOBOP'bT me T'bpcHM B

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nO-HaTaT'bIIIHHTe aHaJIH3H. K'bM csutas THn rJIaJlKH cpHaJIH npnaannexar H aasrepeaara B AJIeKCaHJlPOBO (0,122 x 0,045 H CDC CXOJleH I:IPOCPHJI) H aoceutara TonOHHMa reHCTaH xanra 0"[ Por03eH. 3a zta ce nane HnaK'bB orrosop na asnpoca - JISiTHTe HJIH lfYKaHHTe. r JIanKH cpHaJIH ca no-panna, - e He06xo)l,HMO Jla ce npaanese H eK3eMnJISlp'bT OT AJIeKCaHJlpOBO C HaH-6JIH3KH napanena B .N2 27 H 32 OT Por03eH:

JlOKaTO nOCJIeJlHHTe ca JISlTH, anexcannposCKaTa e H3lfYKaHa, KoeTO MO)l(e 6H CBHJleTeJICTBa aa nO-KDCHH onHTH Jla ce nonpaxaaa aa no-parma (H H3pa60TeHH B npyra TexHHKa) 06pa3~H. T'bH KaTOC'bKpOBHll(eTO OT AJIeKcaHJlpOBO C'bJl'bp)l(a aannacaaa C HMeTO na KOTHC cpHaJIa, TO H Ta3H xama MO)l(e na ce ztarnpa OT 'HerOBO spesre, Ta3H rpyna OT nJIHTKH cpHaJIH 6e3 BCHKaKBa yxpaca C'bC CHrypHOCT MoraT na ce onpenensr KaTO OJlPHCKH, T'bH KaTO nO-rOJIHMa xacr OT THX HOCSIT HaJlnHCH C n03HaTH uapcxn cpOpMyJIH aa OJlpHCHTe. CJIeJlOBaTeJIHO npoHHKBaHeTO HM B 3eMHTe ~ aa ceaep OT XeMYC MO)l(e na 6'bJle HHTepnpeTHpaHO KaTO pe3YJITaT OT KyJITypHH H nOJIHTHlfeCKH KOHTaKTH aa TeXHHTe BJIaJleTeJIH C OJlpHCKHTe nape.

2. Cnensamara rOJISIMa cepas cpHaJIH 01' "OJlPHCKHH JlHJI" aa Por03eHCKOTO csxposmne HH ztasar saurare C 0603HalfeHH xpes BpH3aHH JIHHHH (a He nJIaCTHlfHO H3lfYKaHH) xanemopa, lfHHTO 3aKp'bfJIeHH B'bpXOBe ca C'beJlHHeHH C OCTpOB'bpXH 'bf'bJIlfeTa ("JIaM6JlH"). ,llBe OT THX (.N2 44 H 46) npOH3XO)l(JlaT OT Epracse, HO ca nonapeaa aa JlBaMa pa3JIHlfHH BJIaJleTeJIH:

KOTHC H Kepcefinerrr. Pa3MepHTe HM ca no-rra eJlHaKBH (0,139 x 0,041 H 0,141 x 0,035), xaaemopare' ca B'bB BHJl aa IIIHpOKH nJIOCKH e3H~, H3n'bJIHeHH B TeXHHKaTa na rpasaPOBKa. Bsnpexa 'Ie KaTO noztaptata Te3H nae saura ca pa3HOBpeMeHHH, HHMa CDMHeHHe, 'Ie ca H3pa60TeHH OT eJlHH H csut MaHCTOp,

,[(pyrnTe 1'pH cpHaJIH (.N2 45, 47, 53) HMaT enaaxsa nexop aa Jl'bHOTO: TecHH xaaernopa, C'beJlHHeHH C OCTpOB'bpX 'br'bJI. Il'spsara H sropara HOCHT TonOHHMa reHcTaH, a 'rperara e 6e3 HaJlnHC. K'bM THX TpJl6Ba zta npH6aBHM H H3BeCTHaTa cpHana OT AJIeKCaHJlpOBO, KOHTO cstno e nonapeaa aa KOTHC 01' Teacraa. Pa3MepHTe If (0,135 x 0,048) ca 6JIH3KH JlO THSI aa OCTaHaJIH1'e (0,135 x 0,048; 0,1l5 x 0,049; 0, 106 x 0,038), a xaaemopare B xpaa CH ca C'beJlHHeHH C n03HaTHTe 'br'bJIlfe1'a. B rexaaseCKO OTHOlIIeHHe CDll(O ce nafimonasa rOJIHMO eXOJlCTBO aa H3n'bJIHeHHeTO. OKOJIO YM601'O aa .N2 53 e H3lfYKaH3 HBH~a OT xpsrsera C 1'OlfKH, CDeJlHHeHH C Jl'brH'IKH. C'bll(HSIT opaassear yspacsaa TOBa MHCTO H B'bB cpHana·.N2 46, npaaaanexama K'bM Ta3H rpyna. )l;pyrH JlBe nOJl06HH cpHanH n03HaBaMe 01' Ilepery H 01' XOMHHa MOrHJIa. C'bIIlHSlT opHaMeHTaJIeH nOHC OKOJIO YM60TO OTKpHBaMe H B .N2 26 01' POr03eH. Taxa ce nOJIY'laBa eztna nOCTa rOJISIMa cepaa cpHaJIH, yxpaceaa cnopea eJlHH MOJleJI. B'b3MO)l(HO e 06ll(HST npororan Jla e 6HJI

C'b3JlaJleH T'bKMO B aTeJIHeTO na OJlpHCKHTe nape, T'bH KaTO nosesero '1aIIIH, lfHHTO neKOp ro CJIeJlBa, ca-' HannHcaHH sa KOTHc. K'bM csntara rpyna TpH6Bil na npH6aBHM H cpHaJIa .N2 104 (0,126 x ~(38). H B HeH xanemopare He ca MHoro npaaanaa, T. e. JIeKO ce H3BHBaT OKOJIO panaanaara OC, a B ropnas CH KpaH ca C'beJlHHeHH CDC csunrre 'br'bJIlfeTa. OKOJIO YM60TO HMa nJIaCTH'IeH Kp'br, KOHTO ro OTneJIH 01' HBHQa paCTHTeJIeH opaasrear: 6P'bIIIJISIHOBa KJIOHKa, H3BHTa KaTO nerom-saa saeana CDC 3a06JIeHH xpamua. T 03H opuasserrr e MHoro nonYJISIpeH B yxpacara na TPaKHHCKHTe CDJlOBe. qHCTO rpatpasao TOH e H306pa3eH H B ezma cpHaJIa OT Ilepery,

no HSiKOH lfHCTO rexnasecxa nOKa3aTeJIH (OCBeH no HaJlnHCHTe) oute TpH cpHaJIH (.N2 40, 41, 43) MOral' rta 6'bJlaT OTHeceHH C'bO CHrypHOCT K'bM OJlPHCKHSI JlSlJI. Pa3MepHTe HM sapapar Me)l(JlY 0,12-0,14 x 0,034-:-0,052. 06ll(01'0 Me)l(JlY THX e odiopsrneaaero aa 30HaTa OKOJIO YM60TO. 06HKHoBeHo TOBa e JlOCTa IIIHpOKa lfHCTa HBH~a B'bB cpopMaTa aa HenpaBHJIeH xpur, B KO"TO H caMOTO YM60 He BHHarH TOlfHO e ~eHTpHpaHO. OT ztpyra crpaaa, YM60TO He e lfHCTO H3S1BeHO KaTO npaBHJIHa nonyopepa, JIHnCBa Ta3H nJIaCTHlfeCKa xareropasaocr aa 06eMa, xapaxrepaa sa HaHJl06pHTe 06pa3~ cpHaJIH B C'bKpOBHll(eTO. B .N2 41 YM60TO e OTneJIeHO OT 3a06HKaJIHll(aTa ro HBH~a C TeceH nOHC OT peJlKH n'brOBHJlHH HaCe'lKH. Maxap H B npyra nexoparaeua CHCTeMa H npyro CTHJIOBO H3n'bJIHeHHe, T03H MOTHB ce cpeuta H B'bB cpHaJIH .N2 57, 62 H 105 OT Por03eH.

3. <l>HaJIa .N2 42 e aaanacaaa na KOTHC OT Apracxe. Ho HeHHaTa yxpaca PSl3KO ce pasJIHlfaBa OT BCHlfKO, KoeTO n03HaBaMe KaTO JleKOpaTHBeH CPOHJl Ha OJlpHCKHTe MaHCTopH. THJIOTO e nOKpHTO C rOJIeMH lfalliKH aa JIOTOCOBH ~BeTOBe, npeJlaJleHH B HHC'bK peJIecp H C TpH'br'bJIHO ceseaae aa o6eMHTe. Te ce cxaxaar B xpamuara na JIHCTaTa. Me)l(ny THX B'bB BHCOK peJIecp H C TPH'bf'bJIHO Ce'leHHe Ha 06eMa ca H3lfYKaHH 6aneMH, C OCTpHH KpaH H3COlfeHH K'bM YM60TO. B TpH'br'bJIHHS OTBOP na JIOTOCOBaTa xanrxa e npencraseaa TH'IHHKa B'bB BHJl na MHoro YManeHo xonae na 6aJleMHTe. T03H THn yxpaca onpenens .N2 42 K'bM T. Hap. "e3HlfecKH cpHaJIH". B THnOJIOrHSTa aa JIYlIIaH TSI aaserpa napanena cpen TB'bpJle paHHH 06pa3~H OT AlIIyp4. H Y Hac HaHpaHHHTe cpHaJIH (aanpasrep Te3H OT MYlIIOBH~a HJIH cpparMeHT'bT OT Cpe6'bpHa xama) 3aCT'bnBaT HMeHHO T03H THn. Macro 6JIH3Ka JlO por03eHcKHSI eK3eMllJISp e enaa cpetispaa cpHaJIa OT Myses na JlpeBHHH HlTOK B TOKHo (HHB . .N2 179071)5. TYK B xamxara na JIOTOCa e nOCTaBeHO 1'pH'br'bJIHO JIHCTO. Ta3H cpHaJIa e onpezieneaa KaTO "axeMeHHnCKa" H e ztarapaaa OT VI a, np. H. e. B cpaaaeaae C Ta3H xanra poroserrcxara asrnexzta nO-ManKO apxaasaa, a H3n'bJIHeHHeTO If - nO-MaJIKO pacpHHHpaHO. TOBa anexarrreaae ce CD3JlaBa 01' C'b01'HOlIIe-

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HHeTO na 06eMHTe aa JIHCTaTa na JIOTOCa H aa 6aneMHTe. B axesreaancxara 'lama MHoro nofipe e OCbmeCTBeH T03H pannoxrepen pHTbM Me)Kny nIX, xoirro OCHrYPjiBa nOMHHHpaHe aa I1bpBHTe BbPXY nbHOTO,. a na BTopHTe BbPXY CTeHHTe. TYK 6aneMHTe cst.puraar MaJIKO I10n cpenHaTa '1aCT Ha JIHCTOTO, nOKaTO B poro- 3eHCKaTa qmaJIa re CTHraT I10'lTH no nbHOTO aa sauixara. HaH-nOCJIe B cpaaneaae C TOKHHCKHji eK3eMI1JIjip B naunra Cbn 06eMbT na opHaMeHTHTe He e TOJIKOBa CHJIHO H3jiBeH. 11 B npyru axeMeHHnCKH qmaJIH 6aneMHTe, penysauta ce C JIOTOCOB UBjiT, ca OCHOBeH ztexopaTHBeH MOTHB. Iloasxora ofiaxe JIOTOCbT e I1penCTaBeH spea rpaanpaaa JIHHHH6, ztpyr I1bT B MHoro cJIa6 06eM7. Por03eHCKaTa qmaJIa jiBHO npHHanJIe)KH KbM Ta3H nbJIra H3TO'lHa rpazmuaa, TbH KaTO noaraps nOCTa TO'lHO CTpYKTypaTa Ha neKopa H xapaKTepa Ha opaasreara. Tpynno e zta ji naTHpaMe OT TOJIKOBa panna enoxa - VI B. I1p. H. e. HanI1HCbT BbPXY unorra SI OTHaCji KbM BpeMeTO na KOTHc, MaKap -re TOBa e caxro ztarupane na axra aa nozrapxaane, a He H na I1pOH3Be)KnaHeTO na csna. nOKa3aTeJIHO e, 'Ie BbPXY YM60TO C I1pHJIen'CHa rnasa na AnOJIOH BbB tPac, KaKBaTO BH)KnaMe (HO H3'1YKaHa aanpaao BbPXY OMtPaJIOca) H BbB tPHaJIH NQ 101-103 OT ct.xposnutero. CJIenOBaTeJIHO jiBHO I1POJIHxaaa, 'Ie 'lama NQ 42 e 6HJIa BTOPH'IHO YI1oTpe6cHa KaTO nap. Cpezt HHBeHTapa na uenas OnpHCKH njiJI HHe HjiMaMe ztpyra raxasa tPHaJIa HHTO KaTO CI1eUHtPHKa na yxpacara, HHTO KaTO Ka'leCTBO na H3nbJIHeHHeTO. nopazm TOBa CMjiTaM, 'Ie Tji He e I1pOH3BeneHa B OnpHCKOTO aTeJIHe, a e 6HJIa snecena B xaaaara (BbB BHn na nozrap sx, naHbK, I1JIji'lKa, I10KYI1- xa), AKO I1pHeMeM, 'Ie Tji e axexrenancxa (OT xpas na V - Ha'laJIOTO na IV B. I1p. H. e.), HHe ce OKa3BaMe npen enHH JIl060nHTeH I1pHMep na BTOpH'IHa 06pa60TKa na '1Y)Kn npeztsrer OT TpaKHHcKH MaHcTop, KOHTO e H3nHCaJI I10JIHTHKo-06penHaTa tPopMyJIa, H3'1YKaJI H !lpHJIeI1HJI eM6JIeMaTa C ofipasa na 60)KeCTBOTo, I10'lHTaHO OT neroaax BJIaneTeJI. TOBa e y6enHTeJIHO nOKa3aTeJICTBO aa Te3aTa, CI10pen KOHO He npOH3XOnbT, a tPYHKUHOHHpaHeTO OI1peneJIji npHHanJIe)KHOCTTa Ha enHO npOH3- senenae KbM nazteaa xyrrrypa.

Hsxra HHKaKBO CbMHeHHe, 'Ie Ta3H tPHaJIa e 06pa3YBaJIa 3aenHO C '1amHTe NQ 101-103 H xana NQ 112 enHH ofipenen cepaaa. BCH'IKH ca 06enHHeHH OT npncscraaero na AnOJIOH: spea ofipasa (BbB tPHaJIHTe) HJIH xpea HMeTO (B HanI1HCa BbPXY YCTHeTO na KaHH'IKaTa). TpHTe I10-MaJIKH tPHaJIH HMaT enHaKbB npodian H enHaKBH passrepa (0,124 x 0,039, 0,122 x 0,036, 0,124 x 0,037). Vxpacara HM OT nCTH KaHeJIlOpH ce nonraps BbB BceKH csrt, a na nbHOTO BbPXY oMtPaJIOCa e H3'1YKaH 06pa3bT aa AnOJIOH. KaKTo nOKa3Ba B. BaCHJIeB, npe6HHTe pa3JIHKH B '1epTHTe Ha JIHueTO ce nbJI)KaT na pa3JIH'IHO nocrasane na MaTpHua 'ra 8. M axa p H 6e3 Ta3H nOnbJIHHTeJIHa

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4

2

5

6

yxpaca BbPXY YM6OTO, qmaJIa N2 40, aa KOSITO sexe CTaHa Jl.YMa, HMa CblUHTe paaxrepa H CblUHSI npocpH.iJ (ocofieno cpaaaeua C N2 103). TSI e noztapena .na KOTHc OT Eeoc, Jl.OKaTO sa N2 101-1 03 MO~,eM na CMe carypna, 'Ie npOH3- XO)l(Jl.aT KaTO rrapoee or Eprncxe.

Kana N2112, KOSITO npanaztneacn KbM "AnOJIOHOBHSI MHCTepHaJIeH cepam", PSl3KO ce OT JIHlfaBa OT BCHlfKH OCTaHaJIH KaHHlfKH B Porosencxoro C1;>KpOBHlUe. TSI HMa S1HI.(eBHJl.Ha cpopMa Ha TSlJIOTO C OCTpO Jl.bHO H B TOBa OTHoweHHe MO)l(e na 6bJl.e cpaanena C KaHHlfxara OT OOPOBO, KOSITO CblUO e OJl.PHCKH nap H npena TOBa e 6HJIa naseaa B xaaaara aa KOTHc I. OCBeH TOBa Ta3H xana e JISiTa. lJ,51JIaTa If yxpaca ce CbCTOH OT nsa nosca H3J1.bJI)I(eHH OBYJIH, pa3nOJIO)l(eHH B OCHOBHHTe apXHTeKTOHHlfHH TOlfKH: npn CbeJl.HHSlBaHeTO aa wHHKaTa C TSlJIOTO H B aati-uiapoxara sacr aa TSlJIOTO. Te3H opHaMeHTH, KaKTO H caMOTO YCTHe ca n03JIaTeHH. Bt.npexn Jl.OCTa JIOWOTO CbCTOSlHHe na xaaara MO)l(e zra ce TBbPJl.H, 'Ie YCTHeTO If e HMaJIO TPHJIHCTHaTa cpopMa aa rpt.uxnre KaHH OT rnna oiinoxoe. 3a ct.xcanenne Jl.pb)l(KaTa JIHnCBa, MaKap na ca OCTaHaJIH CJIeJl.H OT npanos. AKo aa ztpyrrrre KaHH CMe carypmr, 'Ie 6Hxa MOrJIH na ce OCTaBSlT, TbH KaTO HMaT COJIHJl.HH CTOJIlfeTa, TO nOJI3BaHeTO C T03H eK3eMnJISIp e Bb3MO)l(HO caxio aKO HMa BHHOxepneu, T. e. no aaxana, nOKa3aH B xamrxxara OT OOPOBO - TaM epo rs'r-aanovepneu Jl.bP)l(H B pt.xa HMeHHO TaKbB ct.zt, C KOHTO aaxepnsa

OT BHHOTO B KpaTepa. .

4. <1>HaJIa N2 86 HMa csoeofipaaaa yxpaca BbPXY Jl.bHOTO: OT YM60TO H3JIH3aT ocexr rrsna na 3Be3J1.a, orpopxrea« KaTO TeCHH H H3J1.bJI)I(eHH 6aJl.eMH. Te ca npoexrnpaaa BbPXY eJl.HH CPOH OT poxrfi-rera C nHpaMHJl.aJIeH 06eM. POM6oBHJl.HHSlT opaaxrear HMa MHoro crapa nara TbKMO B yxpacara na cpHaJIHTe. HaH-paHHHSlT npusrep HH Jl.aBa HpaHCKaTa cpHaJIa OT KenepMec, KOSITO 06HKHoBeHo ce OTHacSi KbM HalfaJIOTO na VI B. np. H. e.? B TpaKHHcKHTe naMeTHHI.(H TOH e CblUO npencrasea BbB cpHaJIa ra OT 0 pana-reso 10. I1 TSI HMa npodran, CX0Jl.eH C T03H na porosencxara lfawa-TSIJIOTO e BHCOKO nOlfTII KOJIKOTO WHHKaTa, WHHKaia JIeKO ce I13BIIBa eJl.Ba B ropHara CII xacr, Jl.OKbJl.eTO BbpBH no-rm OTBeCHO. PaJl.HaJIHO pa3nOJIO)l(eHHTe H3J1.bJI)I(eHH 6aJl.eMH lfeCTO ce cpelUaT KaTO yKpaca no Jl.bHOTO Ha cpHaJIHTe. B erma MHoro nJIHTKa cpefrspaa lfawa OT MaHHI.( C HeIl3BeCTeH npOH3XOJl. OT YM6oTO H3JIH3aT ner MHoro Jl.bJIrH H TeCHH

• 06p. 1. l/JuaJla NQ 44 om Poeoseu. Fig. 1. Fiale No 44 de Rogozen

• 06p. 2. l/JuaJla NQ 46 om Poeosen. Fig. 2. Fiale No 46 de Rogozen

• 06p. 3. l/JuaJla NQ 45 om Pozosen. Fig. 3. Fiale No 45 de Rogozen

• 06p. 4. l/JuaJla NQ 47 om Poz03eH. Fig. 4. Fiale No 47 de P.ogozen

• 06p. 5. l/JuaJla NQ 53 om Poeoseu. Fig. 5. Fiale No 53 de Rogozen

• 06p. 6. l/JuaJla NQ 104 om Poz03eH. Fig. 6. Fiale No 104 de Rogozen

15

6aneMa C pb6 no cperrara I 1. )..l,BaHaneceT 6aneMa ca pa3nono~eHH nbqe06pa3HO OKono YM60TO ua ezma CbIUO nrnrrxa rPHana OT MeTpononHTeHCKHH MY3eH 12. Cnopen rPOH DOTMep TH npousxoacna OT Marna Fpeuas H ce OTHaCH KbM enHHHCTHqeCKaTa enoxa. BCHqKH H3BeCTHH. cpaBHHTenHH MaTepHanH nOKa3- BaT, qe T0311 opnasaerrr, napa-ran H "Koneno", e cnysce.n sa yxpaca na nnOCKH npenjaern H nnOCKOnbHHH rPHanH, H TO cnen cpenaTa Ha IV B. np. H. e. TOH qeCTO ce cpeura H KaTO eM6neMaTHqeH 3HaK B MaKenOHCKHTe naxrerHHL(H na TopeBTHKaTa H HYMH3MaTHKaTa 13. ETO 3aIUo 6HxMe MornH na npennonoxasr, qe "KonenOTO" ce nOHBHBa nO-HHTeH3HBHO BbPXY ci.nonere no apexre na nOJIHTHqeCKOTO H BoeHHOTO H3nHraHe aa MaKenOHHH. Ta3H XHnOTe3a ce nonxpens HMeHHO OT HaWHTe qmanH: 6paHHqeBCKaTa HOCH HMeTO na o.npaCKHH snaneren AMaTOK II (cnezi 359-346 r. np. H. e.). Te3H zme rPHanH HeCbMHeHO ca H3nH3nH OT enna pa60THnHHL(a - Ta3H na OnpHCKHH uap, KaKTO nOKa3Ba aanmrct.r. OIUe enHH Cbn OT TOBa nO-KbCHO sperae e H3BeCTeH CbC cnrypnocr B Porosencxoro CbKpOBHIUerPHana NQ 44 HOCH HMeTO na Kepcefinenr, ynpaanssan saezmo C AMaToK II cnezi CMbpTTa aa KOTHc 1. I1MeHHo CTHnOBaTa 06IUHOCT Me~ny xaura NQ 86 OT Por03eH H 6paHllqeBCKaTa rPHana HH n03BonHna na rH OTHeceM H zrsere KbM AMaTOK. 3a6ene~HTenHHTe pasnHKH B nexoparnaaara CHCTeMa, aafinroztaaaaa B normacanare OT nBaMaTa nape rPHanH, Mo~e na ce 06HCHH C rPaKTa, -re re ca HManH aese rrae pa60THnHHL(H. A TOBa orpaasna pearmara nOnHTHqeCKa cHTyaL(HH B OnpHCKOTO L(apCTBO cnezt cxrsp rra na KOTHc. )],oKonKoTo HH n03BonHBaT CTHnOBHTe aHanH311 H cpaBHeHHH, Mo~eM na nonycnexr, qe Kepcefinenr e nacnenHn xasnara aa KOTHc, TbH KaTO nozmacaHan sa Hero rPHaJIa NQ 44 HBHO e 6Hna H3pa60TeHa OlL(e no BpeMeTO Ha KOTHCOBOTO L(apYBaHe H e OCTaHana Ha pa3nono~eHHe Ha enHHHH My npHeMHHK. <])HanHTe HaHCTHHa MoraT zta ce paar.nescnar KaTO nOnHTHqeCKH CBHneTenCTBa aa ~HBOTa B zrpesna TpaKHjI.

5. QDHana NQ 29 HOCH HaH-nbnrHH OT H3BeCTHHTe ztocera HannHCH no TpaKHHcKH csnose: KOTYOS EG BEO DISLOIAS EPOIESE. TOBa e ezma OT roriexrrrre rPHanH (0,20 x 0,055). HHTo KaTO nporpun, HHTO KaTO H3nbnHeHHe TH aasrnpa napanerra B HHKOH OT OCTaHanHTe csnose na CbKpOBHlL(eTo. He Mora zta OTKpHH arranoras H cpezt zrocera n03HaTHTe HH TpaKHHCKH rPHanH. CnenOBaTeJIHO TH aarrsrmo H3nana OT KOHTeKCTa na odnnraannara rpaxaticxa xyrrrypa. Ho ace nax BbPXY HeH lIMa aazmac, CBHneTenCTBalL( aa npaaannezcaocrra H KbM onpacxnre napose. TOBa nporanope-rae e orcrpanmro caxro B enan cnyxaii - aKO Ta311 rPllana He e H3nH3JIa OT xaaaara na KOTllC I. I1MeTo )],1l3noHC ce rperapa OT BCllqKll nacneztoaarerm KaTO lIMe na MaHCTopa, aspa- 60THn T0311 cszr, KaKTO II llMeTO na Tapynac OT

16

• 06p. 7. </JuaJla om Anetccauopoeo. Fig. 7. Fiale d'Alexandrovo

• 06p. 8. Kana Hi! 118 om P0203eH. Fig. 8. Broe No 118 de Rogozen

H3BeCTHaTa rPHana OT YKpaHHa HnH na Tepee OT 6paHHqeBCKaTa -raura. CKenTHqeH CbM KbM Ta3H HHTepnpeTaL(HH He3aBHCHMO OT npasnnaara OqeBUnHOCT na H3Ilon3BaHllH rnaron. <l>Hana NQ 29 e HaH-He6pe~HO H3pa60TeHllHT Cbn B L(HnOTO CbKpOBHlL(e, TH He nparezcaaa oc06eHH xyrtoxecr-aeaa xaxecrna, HHTO nbK HSlKaKBa yxpaca.

6. Kana NQ 118 HOCll BbPXY nbHOTO CH HMeTO na CaToK. Bt.npexa ocofieaoro MHeHHe na M. Taseaa 14 BCllqKll ascnenoaarena ca enanoztyuma, qe CTaBa nYMa aa orrpacxaa npnan, 113BeCTeH npea rperara sernspr na VB. np. H. e. Ta311 xaaa ce orztena no yxpacara ca OT 'BCHqKH OCTaHanH. TSI e noxpara C XOPH30HTanHH xanernopa no L(SlJIaTa BHCOqllHa aa TSinOTO. Passeaere HOCSIT 113nbn~eHll OByJIll, KOHTO B zro.naara ca aaxpsrnena sacr ce CbenllHSlBaT C n03HanITe OT rpyna NQ 2 OCTPOBbPXll brbnqeTa. BbPXY nbHOTO e rpasapaaa MHoronllCTHa posera C zma uenr spa, KoeTO aapyurasa enllHCTBOTO na opnaxienra.

7

8

9

10

• 06p. 9. C/JUalza Nfl 86 om P0203eH. Fig. 9. Fiale No 86 de Rogozen

• 06p. 10. C/JUalW om EpaHU'Ie6o. Fig. 10. Fiale de Bran ice vo

Cnopert MeH .upb)l(KaTa ertsa JIH npaaannezca TOqHO aa Ta3H xana. Ts HMa napanerm B oute ner .uPb)l(KH KbM KaHH OT CbKpOBHrn:eTO, KoeTO; caxro rro ce6e CH e B nporuaope-tae C H3KJIIOqHTeJIHOCTTa na ztexopa na NQ 118. XOpH30HTaJIHHTe KaHeJIIOpH ca THrrHqeH fierrer I na axeMeHH.uCKHTe csnone ' ". OT Tpaxas aese ca H3BeCTHH Hj!KOJIKO exaesrrrrrapa C T03H reosrerpasea ztexop: saurara OT nYKboBU;H (T. e. OT cscerma na Por03eH 06JIacT) H pnrona C nporoxre na 6HK OT Eoposo, KOHTO rrsx j!BHO e H3JIj!3bJI OT oztpacxara xasna. Poroseacxara xana noraspxnasa enna 0pHeHTaU;HH na sxyca na O.uPHCKHH .uBOP KbM HpaHcKH rrpeznrera H CTHJIOBH 06pa3U;H (zta CH crrOMHHM H "axeMenaztcxara" <pHaJIa NQ 42 OT Cbrn:Hj! .uHJI). HaHcrapnre H3BeCTHH KaHHqKH OT cxt.nouenea MeTaJI HMaT HBHH HpaHcKH xepru, MaKap H <pOH Borssep na ra rrpnctosna (MO)l(e 6H C npaso) na rpt-uxa MaHCTopH 16 . 3a TOBa CBH.ueTeJICTBa xanara OT OKCYCKOTO csxpoaaute, KORTO e OT Cbrn:HR THrr KaTO por03eHCKaTa H e YKpaceHa

3 Apxeonoras, 4, 1988 r.

CbC csuurre XOpH30HTaJIHH xanenropa. )].aJITOH SI narnpa KbM V B.17, .uOKaTO Bapaer npezinara ztopa VI B. rrp. H. e.18 TaKHBa XOpH30HTaJIHH KaHeJIIOpH YKpaCSlBaT TRJIOTO 11 na ezma 3JIaTHa xaura C ztae .upb:)l(KH, orpopsreaa KaTO <Pl1rYPH aa XI1rn:HHU;H, KORTO ApTaMoHoB aeonpezreneno OTHacSI KbM "aXeMeHI1.uCKO spexre" 19. Ho nepcaticxare csnose OT T03H THn 06HKHoBeHo ca cnafinena C .upb)l(Ka, KOSITO 3a·BbpIIIBa C rrraaa na JIbB, B ql1RTO nacr e BTbKHaT pb6bT na YCTHeTO. Mozee 611 JIHrrCaTa aa nonofina .upb)l(Ka B HaIIIaTa xaaa ce .ubJI)I(H na MeCTHa oc06eHocT HJIH Ha XpOHOJIOrHqeCKa pa3JIHKa. TbH KaTO .upb)l(KI1Te .Ha paHHHTe 06pa3U;H Ha T03H THn csrtose ca B nosexero CJIyqaH MaCI1BHI1, C KBa.upaTHO HJIH KpbrJIO ceseaae, CKJIOHeH CbM zta CH 06RCHR rrJIOCKHTe .uPb)l(KH na por03eHCKHTe KaHHqKI1 C TRXHaTa nO-KbCHa ztarnpoaxa. 51BHO e, qe T03H ran .upb)l(Ka CTaBa HaH-nonYJIRpeH B rOJISlMOTO npOH3Bo.uCTBO na KaHH B TpaKHR.

AKO rrpHeMeM TbJIKYBaHeTO na HMeTO, npe.uJIO)l(eHO OT rOJIRMa rpyna CneU;l1aJIHCTI1, KaTO ofioanauaaauto CHHa na CI1TaJIK, CTaBa SlCHO, qe H KaHHqKa NQ 118 e .uOIIIJIa B CbKpOBI1rn:eTO OT O.upHCKHTe 3eMH. TOBa 06RCHRBa a<pHHHTeTa KbM axeMeHH.uCKHTe rpazmU;1111 na yxpacara H. Taxa npen Hac ce OKa3Ba BTOpl1 Cb.u, nozmacaa OT CaTOK. Mozee zta ce npenno.noaor, qe <pHaJIa NQ 27 H xaaa NQ 118 npe.uCTaBJIRBaT JIl1qHHSlT cepBH3 Ha O.uPHCKI1R npnnn, TbH KaTO RBHO Te3H ztsa csna BbpBSlT 3ae.uHO-OT xanara ce HaJIHBa BbB <pHaJIaTa. 11 nsara npenxrera ca nazmacana C HMeTO B po.narenen naztex, KoeTO CBH.ueTeJICTBa, qe 're ca c06cTBeHocT aa CaToK. B nanrmcare ofiaxe OTCbCTBa TonOHHMbT, KoeTO ra OTJIHqaBa OT nosaarara ozrpacxa <p0pMYJIa. Ha KaKBO ce .ubJI)I(11 TOBa? Bepoarno 06RcHeHHeTo e, qe CaToK mrxora He e 6HJI nap, nopazta KoeTO He ce e y.uOCTOSlBaJI C noserrrare uapcxn ztapone. Oute e.uHH m.npoc saxa OTrOBOp - KaK Te3H JIHqHH Cb.uOBe Ha qOBeK OT O.uPHCKHR u;apCKH .uOM ca nonazmarra B u;apCKOTO CbKPOBHrn:e aa TpH6aJIHTe? Te RBHO He ce OTHaCRT KbM cepnsrra aa O.upHCKHTe napose, TbH KaTO H CaTOK He e HMaJI npaso .ua H3BbpIIIBa T03H pHTyaJI. TIo-BepoRTHO MH H3rJIe)l(.ua .ua npeztrrOJIO)l(HM, qe TOH rH e OCTaBHJI B 3eMHTe na TpH6aJIHTe rro spexre aa soeanara KaMrraHHSI na 6arn:a My TYK npea 424 r. rrp. H. e.20 TbKMO B Te3H Cpa)l(eHI1R (I1JIH KaTO )l(epTBa na 3arOBOp) CHTaJIK, HaH-BeJIHKHj!T TpaKHHCKH uap, aaraHaJI. 3aTOBa MO)l(e zta ce .uonYCHe, qe <pHaJIaTa H xanara na CaTOK ca B3eTH OT TpH6aJIHTe KaTO soeaaa rrnasxa, T. e. npaaannescar KbM erma zrpyra <popMa aa rrOCTbrrJIeHHH B uapcxara xasaa.

7. B csxponmnero OT Por03eH HMa necer exaexrrinapa KaHHqKH, Bb3rrpOH3Be)l(.uarn:H eznrn ran, rr03HaT HH OT naxonxare OT P030Beu;:

RHu;eBH.ueH 06eM aa TRJIOTO, rrOKpHTO C paCTHTeJIeH opHaMeHT-rOJIeMH JIHCTa, nnaCTHqHO H3BlfBarn:n ce HaBbH B ropaara CH sacr.

17

no aHaJIOrHB C nO)l;06eH eK3eMnJIBp OT ,lJ,epBeHH E. HHKOJIOB rH ornece K'bM eztna rpyna C TOBa Ha3BaHHe, HO TpB6Ba lla nOMHHM, 'Ie KaHH'IKaTa .OT TOBa norpefieaae e noK'bCHa21. Por03eHCKaTa rpyna cszrspxa )l;OCTa pa3JIH'IHB B TpeTHpaHeTO aa yxpacara, B 'IeTHpH OT TBX (N!1 144, 151, 152, 153) JIHCTaTa ca nJIaCTH'IHO aafipaazteaa OT HMHTaU;HB aa TeXHHTe )f(HJIKH, HO B ropaara CH 'IaCT 3aB'bpUJBaT C H3BHTH Ha)l;OJIY BOJIYTR, KOHTO B. HHKOJIOB npae aa "r JIaBH na 6HK"22. jlOHO e, 'Ie MaiicTOp'bT He e pasfipan xapaxrepa aa nexopa B KaHHTe, KOHTO ca My CJIY)f(HJIH aa ofipaseu, ,lJ,pyrH 'IeTHpH Ba3H OT C'bIUaTa rpyna HH nOKa3BaT HaH-)l;06paTa OT HaTypaJIHCTH'IHa rnenaa TO'lKa HMHTaU;HB aa JIHCTaTa (N!1143, 145, 146, 147). Cnopea MeH Te ca BHeceHH OT O)l;pHCKaTa xasaa H T'bKMO Te ca nOCJIY)f(HJIH KaTO MO,lleJIH aa TpH6aJICKHTe MaHcTopH. Tsspne cxozma KaHH'IKa 6eUJe aasrepeaa npes 1986 r. KpaH Csarrearpan, H TO B norpefieaae. OT zrpyra crpaaa, MHoro 6JIH3Ka no saaara OT P030Beu; KaTO KOHCTPYKU;HB, nJIOCKOCTHO npenasaae aa opaasrenra no TBJIOTO, JIHnCaTa na CTOJI'Ie e KaHH'IKaTa OT C'bKpOBHIUeTO, HaMepeno B nHTOM (TeJI eJI Maxcxyra, cera B lipYKJIHH, HIO ROpK)23. Ta3H HaXO)l;Ka y6e)l;HTeJIHO ce .uaTHpa OT n'bpBaTa nOJIOBHHa Ha IV B. np. H. e. H TOBa nossara na ornecexr H KaHH'IKaTa OT P030Beu; K'bM C'bIUOTO apesre. C'bKpOBHIUeTo OT nHTOM C'b,ll'bp)f(a JIHKHHCKH. MaTepHaJIH, KoeTO OTHOBO HH HaCO'lBa K'bM 3ana,llHa MaJIa A3HB KaTO MBCTO, K'b,lleTO 6H MOf'bJI na B'b3HHKHe T03H THn saaa. nOCTpoBBa ce eznra peztaaa no zmaronana MaJIa A3HBCBHJIeHrpa.u _:__ O)l;PHCKOTO uapcrso - P030Be:u; - Por03eH, KOBTO B XpOHOJIOrH'IeCKH nnaa B'bpBH OT tor aa ceaep, 3a KaHH'IKH 145 H 147 MO)f(eM na 6'b,lleM carypna, 'Ie ca H3JIB3JIH or enno aTeJIHe: Te HMaT C'bB'bpUJeHO e)l;HaK'bB npO«pHJI, a H yxpacara e aaaecena OT ezma psxa. Kana N!1 146 e e)l;HHCTBeHHBT JIBT eK3eMnJIBp OT Ta3H rpyna. 3aTQBa H .up'b)f(KaTa Ii e no-ztefiena. B )l;OJIHaTa CH 'IaCT TB e uapsaaaa, aa zta 0603Ha'iH rpasara aa rnaraaa, spes 'IHBTO rnana TB ce npaxpens K'bM TBJIOTO. T03H nOXBaT ce cpenta npa 0«P0PMBHeTO na )l;p'b)f(KHTe na cssnoneaaa Ba3H (cpefispaa OHHoxoe OT Bepraaa, .n;epBeHHrpof A, CTaBpynOJIHC H Ap30C )24. BCH'IKH 're ce narapar apXeOJIOrH'IecKH npea aropara nOJIOBHHa aa IV B. H rrpaaannexar aa e.uHH )l;Pyr, no-xscea THn KOHCTPYK:u;HB KaHH. TpH OT KaHH'IKHTe B Ta3H o.upHCKa rpyna ca n03JIaTeHH.

T03H CTHJIOB H HKOHorpa~KH aHaJIH3 Ha csnonere n03BOJIBBa )l;a pa3IIIHpHM rpaHH:U;HTe aa "O)l;PHCKHB )l;BJI" B Por03eHCKOTO C'bKpOBHIUe C noae OIUe 15 csaa, a, OT ztpyra crpana, HH rtasa onopaa TO'lKH na npOCJIe.ll:HM KaK O,llpHCKHTe napose ca BJIHBJIH B'bpXy nponyxnasra aa MeCTHHTe aTeJIHeTa aa cesep OT XeMYc. Bnaroztapeane aa TOBa KapTHHaTa aa xY)l;O)f(eCTBeHHJI )f(HBOT B npeaaa TpaKHJI npea

18

rrspsara nOJIOBHHa aa IV B. np. H. e. ce oxepraaa no-penepao. CJIe.u KaTO nOJIY'lHxMe cpaBHHTeJIHO TB'bp)l;a nosaa" aa 20 % OT por03eHCKHTe csnose, MO)f(eM Aa ce onarasre na aanpaaasr HBKOH HOBH H3BOflH aa H3KyCTBOTO B TpaKHJI, KaKTO H na xoparapasre HBKOH OT Be'le H3Ka3aHHTe XHnOTe3H.

E,llHH OT OCHOBHHTe O'bnpOCH aa H3CJIe)l;0- sarens aa TopeBTHKaTa B TpaKHB e B'bnpOC'bT sa aTeJIHeTaTa H MaHcTopHTe. Herosoro paspeuranane 3aBHCH OT orroaopa na np06JIeMa aa apt.sxara Me)f()l;y xasnara H aTeJIHeTO. no spewe aa "por03eHcKHTe" )l;HCKyCHH ce 'Iy MHeHHeTO, 'Ie B'bB BCBKO ceJIHIUe, 'IHeTO Ha3BaHHe ce nOJlBBBa B Ha)l;nHCHTe no «pHaJIHTe, e HMaJIO aTeJIHe. A3 CaMHJlT He 6J1X .uaJIe'l OT 'raxasa MHC'bJI. Ho BHHMaTeJIHHBT aHaJIH3 nOKa3Ba npyro. Bexe 6eUJe YCTaHOBeHO, 'Ie e)l;HH OT nOCTOBHHHTe .ll:HarHOCTH'IHH CTHJIOBH nOXBaTH B YKpacaTa Ha rOJIJlMa rpyna O.uPHCKH «pHaJIH e OCTPOB'bPXOTO 'br'bJI'Ie, C'be)l;HHBBaIUO 3aKp'brJIeHHTe B'bpXOBe aa xaaeJIlOpHTe. Ho Te3H «pHaJIH HOCBT Ha3BaHHJlTa aa nse pa3JIH'IHH CeJIHIUa: Epracxe H reHCTaH. M aKO H B'bB «pHaJIaTa OT AJIeKCaH.ll:pOBO C TonOHHMa reHCTaH BH)f()l;aMe C'bIUHB nOXBaT, TO B ztpyra Ha)l;nHCaHH OT EprHCKe 'IaUJH (HJIH rrsx noae BKJIIO'IeHH B C'bIUHB MHCTepHaJIeH cepsaa) T03H CTHJIOB eJIeMeHT OTC'bCTBa. B C'bIUOTO apesse B N!1 101 H 53 TOH e H3n0JI3BaH no Ha'lHH, 6JIH3'bK no reHCTaHCKHTe csnose, KoeTO HH n03BOJIBBa na CB'bp)f(eM H Te3H «pHaJIH C TBX. Pa3JIH'IaBaT ce H )l;BeTe «pHaJIH, Ha)l;nHCaHH OT Beoc - N!1 28 e 6e3 BCJlKaK'bB opaassear (TO'lHO KaKTO B csnosere C'bC C'bIUHB TonOHHM OT A)l;)f(HrbOJI H MorHJIaHcKaTa MOrHJIa), HO N!1 40 HMa )l;'bHO H CTeHH, nOKpHTH C KaHeJIlOpH, KoeTO B npH6JIH)f(aBa no N!1 101-103, Hec'bMHeHO npOH3XO)f()l;aIUH OT Epracxe (cp. H N!143 C Ha3BaHHeTO aa C'bIUOTO cename B aannaca). K'bM Ta3H rpyna MO)f(e )l;a 6'b.ue oraeceaa H M 41, noztapeaa OT CaYTa6a. Kaxro npOJIH'Iaaa, MaTepHaJI'bT He nasa B'b3MO)f(HOCT .ua ce npOCJIe)l;H np0,UyK:U;HJlTa Ha pa3JIH'IHH aTeJIHera, nO-CKOpo H3r JIe)f(,Ua ce OTHaCJI sa pa3JIH'IHH MaHCTopH B eztno aTeJIHe, T'bH KaTO no pa3JIH'IeH Ha'iKH ce npanarar e)l;HH H C'bIUH CTHJIOBH nOXBaTH (cp. «pHaJIHTe N!1 44 H 46-EprHcKe H N!1 45 H 47-reHCTaH). ETO samo aa C'bM nO-CKJIOHeH )l;a npHeMa )l;pyra XHnOTe3a-aTeJIHeTO aa O,llpHCKHTe nape ce e HaMHpaJIO npa xasaara. Ta3H spsaxa MH H3rJIe)f()l;a Han'bJIHO JIOrH'lHa H npaKTH'IeCKH aeofixoznoaa. 3aIUoTo CK'bno:u;eHHHJlT MeTaJI e 6HJI He caxro co6cTBeHOCT, HO H MOHOnOJI aa BJIa,lleTeJIJI. CaMO HerOBHBT Ka3Ha'leH e MO)f(eJI rta )l;a)l;e MeTaJI na MaHCTopHTe - H3'1HCJIeHHBTa aa M. Baxepc nOKa3BaT, 'Ie TerJIOTO na BceKH C'b.u TO'lHO OTrOBapJl Ha )l;peBHHTe MepKH2 s, a TOBa oaaasasa, 'Ie caMOTO cpe6po e 6HJIO oTnYlIlaHo B onpe)l;eJIeHO KOJIH'lecTBO.

Ha npss nornezt H3BO,ll'bT aa enao uapcxo aTeJIHe npa xasaara npoTHBOpe'IH aa ,,06pe)l;aara 'reopaa aa O.upHcKHTe napose": Y)f( BCeKH

rpazt nonapsaa aa ananerens 'lalla, a cera ce OKa3Ba, 'Ie TSI H3JIH3a OT QapcKOTO aTeJIHe. TpSl6Ba zta HMaMe npensaa, 'Ie nonapsxvr, Bp'b'leH aa uaps OT ceJIHlIleTO, HMa caMO

'H,lleOJIOrH'IeCKH CMHC'bJI. KaKTo H caMOTO CeJIHlIle, ztapt-r npaaaanexan na BJIa,lleTeJISI, KoeTO e H3T'bKHaTO H OT nanexaara <popMa aa QapCKOTO HMe. MO)Ke ,lla ce npeanonoxa, 'Ie npenaaaaasenara sa nO,llap'bK <pHaJIa 6HJIa OTnYCKaHa aa C'bOTBeTHHSI rpazt OT xasaara H na MSiCTO 6HJIa aazmacaana OT HMeTO na CeJIHlIleTo. B T03H CMHC'bJI satuara B ,lleHCTBHTeJIHOCT npaaaztnexana aa KOTHc H no T03H Ha'lHH TSI CHMBOJIH3Hpa H npHHa.llJle)KHOCTTa aa CeJIHlIleTO, KoeTO caxro SI aaanacaa H nonapsaa, K'bM uapcxara c06CTBeHOCT. IlPH TOBa nOJIO)KeHHe CTaBa SlCHO, santo nozmacanara OT ,[(H3JIOSIC <pHaJIa (](Q 29) HHTO KaTO <popMa, HHTO KaTO H3n'bJIHeHHe ce CB'bp3Ba C OCTaHaJIHTe csztoae OT O,llPHCKHSI ,llSlJI: TSI He e npaaannexana aa xasaara H He e pafioreaa OT QapcKaTa pa60THJIHHQa, 3alllOTO e JIH'IeH ,llap na OKa3BalllHSI rOCTonpHeMCTBO aa BJIa,lleTeJISI MeCTeH apHCTOKpaT. Te3H ,llBa <paKTa ce nonxpenar e.llHH ztpyr - ,[(H3JIOSIC He e HMe aa MaHCTOp, a nonapeaara OT Hero <pHaJIa He e npaaannexana K'bM onpacxara C'bKPOBHlIlHHQa.

KaKTo nOKa3Ba aHaJIH3'bT Ha Ha,llnHCaHHTe csnoae, He BCH'IKH OT TSiX ca 6HJI npaseaa OT MaHCTopH, pafiorema B QapcKOTO aTeJIHe. Taxa HSiMa C'bMHeHHe, 'Ie PHToHHTe OT fiOPOBCKOTO C'bKpOBHlIle ca ,lleJIO aa MaJIOa3HHCKH rp'bQKH MaHcTop, a <pHaJIa ](Q 42 OT Por03eH npoaaxozcaa OT xpsra aa axesseaancsara xY,llO)KeCTBeHa npO,llyKQHSI. Ho 're ca Ha.nDHcaaa C HMeTO na KOTHC, T. e. 03Ha'leHH ca KaTO "HeroBH" H no T03H Ha'lHH ca BKJIIO'IeHH B c<PepaTa na TpaKHHCKaTa xyrrrypa, Hemo noaese, noae Be,llH'b)K 're ca H3n'bJIHHJIH enaa 'IHCTO TpaKHHCKa H,lleOJIOrH'IecKa <PYHKQHSInOCJIY)KHJIH ca aa 06pe,llHH napose H sa nOJIHTH'IecKH ,llOKYMeHTH, cnen KaTO ca 6HJIH H3nOJI3BaHH aa MHCTepHaJIeH cepsaa. Ilpncnoc06S1BaHeTO aa 'Iy)I(,llH npOH3Be,lleHHSI sa HY:lK.llHTe Ha TpaKHHCKHTe Qape npoJIH'IaBa HaH,ll06pe B JIlO60nHTHaTa HCTOPHSI aa 'Iama-](Q 42. BJISl3JIa no HSlKaK'bB Ha'lHH B xasaara na KOTHc, TSI e 6HJIa BTOPH'IHO H3nOJI3BaHa KaTO ztap, nopana .KOeTO 6HJIa aazmacaaa, Ho TSI e 6HJIa npenaasaaxeaa aa cnenaanaa pOJISI-,lla 6'b,lle C'b,ll OT enaa QSIJ1 cepsas B nocsemenaero aa AnOJIOH,H e 6HJIa orne Be.llH'b:lK nparonena aa Ta3H QeJI, KaTO K'bM OM<paJIoca it: 6HJI npanoea 06pa3'bT aa 60)KecTBOTO, YCBoSlBaHeTO Ha 'Iy)I(,llHSI npe.llMeT B'bPBH no n'bTSI Ha Bee nO-D'bJIHOTO MY npacnocotiasaae K'bM cneQU<pH'IHaTa ofipenaa cHTyaQUSI, B KOSITO TOH 6HJI BKJIlO'IeH. 'Te3H aHaJIH3HOllle Be.llH'b)K nOTB'bp)l(,llaBaT H3Ka3aHaTa TYK XHnOTe3a ea enao aTeJIHe npa xasaara na BJIa.lleTeJISIcasso B xasaara 6HXa MOrJIH na ee na3S1T Te3H "BHOCHH" csztose, sa na 6'b.llaT H3nOJI3BaHH npH CJIY'IaH B .lla.lleH TPaKHHCKH pHTyaJI, KaTO

MeCTHHTe MaHCTopH HaHaCSIT B'bpXY TSiX Ha.nnHC HJIH ,llOn'bJIHHTeJIHO H306pa)KeHHe.

IlpOH3Be.aeHHSlTa na onpacxara TOpeBTHKa HH noxrarar na aanpaaasr H enaa KOHKpeTHa HCTQPH'IecKa peKOHCTPYKQHSI. <l>HaJIaTa OT fipaHH'leBO, H.lleHTH'IHa no <popMa H OCHOBHHSI eJIeMeHT Ha YKpacaTa C ](Q 86 OT Por03eH, HOCH HMeTO aa AMaToK II. <l>HaJIa ](Q 44 e aannacaaa aa Kepcefinerrr, Te3H ,llBaMa nape ca ynpaBJISIBaJIH O.llPHCKOTO QapCTBO cnen CM'bpTTa aa KOTHc I. Ilpaaazurescaunrre HM <pHaJIH MoraT zta nanar peunrrenen aprysrear aa XHnOTe3aTa, KOH OT .llBaMaTa e 3ana3HJI xaanara aa KOTHc. ·qallaTa C HMeTO aa . Kepcefinerrr e H,lleHTH'IHa C ](Q 46, aanrracaaa aa KOTHc H e nonapeaa aa HOBHSI nap OT C'blllHSI rpazt Epracxe, CJIe.llOBaTeJIHO H ztaara enaaxaa eK3eMnJISIpa ca H3Ba.lleHH OT uapcxara xasaa, KoeTO e CBH.lleTeJICTBO sa npexraaaBaHeTO it: K'bM Kepcefinerrr, B csmoro BpeMe <pHaJIHTe aa AMaToK HHMaT napanena B oztpacxara npO,llYKQHSI, KoeTO nOKa3Ba, 'Ie TOH He e HMaJI OTHOlleHHe K'bM HaCJIe.llSiBaHeTO aa KOTHCOBaTa xa3Ha.

CTHraMe no np06JIeMa sa nOJIO)KeHHeTO aa TopeBTHTe B' ztpesaa TpaKHSI. M. Tasesa aacxopo H3Ka3a pellHTeJIHOTO MHeHHe, 'Ie ,,060c06S1BaHeTO na 3a60raTeJIHTe TOpeBTH He OCTaBSI C'bMHeHHe B nOSIBaTa na HOBO C'bCJIOBHe B TpaKHHCKOTO 0611lecTBO - aa 3aHaHT'IHH, CB'bp3aHH C paasaeamare ce CTOKOBO-napH'IHH OTHOlleHHSI"26 • He C'bM cneQUaJIHCT no HKOHOMH'IecKaTa H COQHaJIHaTa HCTOPHSI na TpaKHH, HO ztaanare aa HanpaBeHHSI TYK aHaJIH3 cnopen MeH "He OCTaBSlT C'bMHeHHe", 'Ie TaKOBa C'bCJIOBHe see orne He ee e nOSlBHJIO. 3alllOTO MaHCTopHTe ca pa60THJIH npa xasaara, OT KOSITO ca nOJIY'IaBaJIH KaKTO nopssxsrre, raxa H CK'bnOQeHHHSI MaTepHaJI. IlPH TOBa 're ca nOH3Be)l(,llaJIH casro sa QapSI, npepa60TBaHKH cpefipcro B rrpeztssera, KOHTO seztaara noersnBaJIH B xasaara. Cnen TOBa 'IaCT OT rOTOBHTe csnose 6HJIa nytnana B H,lleOJIOrH'IecKH 060- pOT - npeapsurana ce B napoae, MHCTepHaJIHH cepBH3H H T. H. Or 'IHCTO OQeH'b'lHa rnenaa TO'lKa TpSl6Ba .lla npaaaaese, se H3BecTHaTa HH Iipo.llYKQUSI na O,llpHCKHTe uapcsa MaHCTopH He e Ha oc06eHa BHCOTa KaTO eCTeTH'IecKo xasecrso. HaH-BHcoKO XY.llO)KeCTBeHHTe Ba3H (60pOBCKHTe aanpasrep) SlB~O ca 6HJIH BHaCSlHH H ca ce na3eJIH B xasaara, noxaro ce BKJIIO'IeJIH B HSlKaKBa ofipenaa cHTyaQUSI. BcH'IICH Te3H C'b06pa)l(eHHSI He MH n03BOJISlBaT .lla npHeMa MHeHHeTO aa M. Taseaa H OTHOCHO HMeHaTa aa MaHCTopHTe (CaTOIC, ,[(H3JIOSlC, KOTHC, .llH.llIOICaHMoc)27. Ilpena BCH'IICO HSlMa penraTeJIHH .llaHHH, no ICOH1'O MO)Ke na ce C'b.llH, 'Ie xaaa ](Q 112 (c Ha,llDHC "KoTHc cHwp06/CJIY)KHTeJI na AnoJIoH") e nO-K'bCHa. Hanporas, HeHHaTa H3KJIIO'IHTeJIHOCT. cpezt OCTaHaJIHTe npezrsrera OT 'C'bKpOBHlIleTo, KaKTO H SlHQesanaara Ii <PoPMa,. KOSITO SI C6JIH)KaBa C KaHH'IKaTa-pHToH OT 1i0POBO, no-cxopo CBH,lleTeJICTBaT aa 06paTHoTo, KoeTO OTJIH'IHO ce

19

csrnacysa C npennoxeaoro OT BCH'IICH OCTaHaJlH H3CJle~OBaTeJlH TbJlKYBaHe Ha Ha~nHCa. 3a JJ:H3J10jlC aese CTaHa ~YMa, a ~aTHpOBICaTa na ztaara cszta, noztnacana OT CaTOK, nonxpena MHeHHe10, 'Ie TOBa HMe npaaanneaa aa O~PHCICHjI npasu, KOJlKOTO aa )lH~IOKaiiMOC, TYK HMa pa3J1H'IHH TPY~HOCTH. Ilpena BCH'IICO Ta3H "limaJla" e '1HCTO rpsuxa, ~OlCaTO HMeTO e nO~03pHTeJlHO sa eJlHH. OT npyra crpaaa, 3aruo T03H MaiicTOp 'H3nHCBa no eMH Ha'lHH ~HTaTa OT ~paMaTH'IHOTO npOH3Be~eHHe, a no ztpyr Ha'lHH CBoeTO HMe1 Haa-cerae e~HO nooomo B'b3pa)f(eHHe OT "CO~HaJIHo-nCHXOJlOrH'1ecICH" xapaxrep. E~Ba J1H HBKOii MaHCTOp 6H CH n03BOJlHJI zta nOCTaBH CBoeTO HMe ~O TOBa na uaps, T'bii lCaTO Te3H H~IIHCH npencraBJlHBaT pHTyaJlHH <P0PMYJlH, T. e. 're npare)f(aBaT BHCOK caxpanea CTaTYC. OT aHaJIH3HTe aa Taxesa H3J1H3a, 'Ie HMa HBICOJlICO CO~aJlHH craryca na MaiicTopHTe - xaeponyna (HJlH uapcm p06H) H CB060~H 06mHHHH~H28. H 're

4 CB060~HO H3KapBaT csosra npO~YK~HjI na

nasapa, T. e. BICJllO'IBaT ce B CTOICOBOnapH'IHHTe OTHOmeHHjI. Ho axo Te nOCTaBHT HMeHaTa CH C nen pexnasra, KalCTO TB'bp~H Taseaa, santo H36HpaT aa TOBa Haii-Henpe~CTaBHTeJlHHTe npoH3Be~eHHH 1 HMa TOJlICOBa no-nofipa <pHaJIH OT Ta3H C HMeTO aa )lH3J10BC, a, OT ztpyra crpana, He MO)f(e zta ce HaMepH BTOpO HerOBO npOH3Be~eHHe He3aBHCHMO OT npO<PecHOHaJlHOTO My caMO'lYBCTBHe. Hallnocne, none ~Be OT HMeHaTa, ICOHTO asropxara CMHTa aa npaaannexauta aa xy~O)f(HH~H, ca uapcxa: KOTHc H CaToIC. HHMa e B'b3MO)f(HO HjlKOii ztpyr OCBeH 3aKOHHHH '1J1eH aa MHaCTH'1eclCHH pon, na HOCH nonotiao HMe 1 Llapcxara npaxrnxa B HHICOH ~'bp)f(aBa H no naxoe apesre He 6H ztonycaana TOBa, orne nosese, 'Ie B TpaKHjI HBHO caMOTO HMe aexe e arpaeno pOJlBTa na THTJla, T. e. 6HJlO e Hec'bMHeH reHeaJlOrH'IeH 3HalC.

E~Ha OT xapaxrepmrre '1epTH na O~PHCICOTO npoH3Bo~CTBO e yxpacara aa YM60TO aa <pHaJIHTe (J\12 42, 101-103). M: Tasesa npeztnonara, 'Ie nO-HaTaT'bmHOTO pa3BHTHe aa arrrponosropdma'ra yxpaca B'bpBH OT H3MeCTBaHeTO II B'bpXy CTeHHTe aa C'b~a. HeiiHHJlT npasrep C HIOHOpKclCHTe sanra, yxpacena C pea rnasa aa "nepcH", 06a'le e neynasea, 3aruOTO Te3H 06pa3~ ca nO-CTapH OT por03eHcICHTe <pHaJlH noae C eMH Be1C29. CJle~OBaTeJlHO HjlMaMe 06eICTHBHH ~aHHH aa TOBa, 1C'b~e e 6HJla n'bpBOHa'laJlHO C'bCpe~oTO'leHa YKpacaTa aa no~06HH C'b~OBe. 3amoTo, axo TpJl6Ba zta 6'b~eM 1C0HICpeTHH CnpJlMO XpOHOJlOrHJlTa, xoaemxara rnasa aaa-aanpen yxpacasa ~'bHOTO HJlH CTeHHTe, a nocne YM60TO aa <pHaJIHTe. 3a TOBa rosopa cpaBHeHHeTO C HglCOH ~OCTa apXaH'IHH Ba3H OT ETPYPHg, e~a OT ICOHTO e xepasorsaa <pHaJla30. Cnopen MeH nsara Twa YKpaca OYpa3gBaT pa3J1H'IHH J1HHHH B pa3BHTHeTO Ha ~BHaTa ~eICopaTHBHa CHCTeMa B TopeBTHICaTa. Pasnonaranero no ~HOTO HJIH .CTeHHTerHa 'IOBeIIIICH rJIaBH BC1>mHOCT e H3pa3

20

aa npoueca na aHTponOMOP<PH3HpaHe aa enaa OT Haii-CTapHTe <pOPMH aa yxpaca - 6YICeJla HJIH naanessara. Iloxasareaao-e, 'Ie rJIaBHTe aa nepca OT cnOMeHaTHTe <pHaJlH MHoro TO'lHO nOBTapHT T'bICMO <popMaTa na 6a~Ma, n03HaTa HH OT ztexopa aa TOJIICOBa Mlloro <pHaJIH. B'b3MO)f(HO e anesra sa aarponosroprpaaapaae aa Te3H eJIeMeHTH na e sanaaeaa orne OT yspacara na MHlCeHCICH xaunr C pen '10BemICH (HJIH aa 6HIC) rJIaBH, npenazieaa spes anxpyCTa~HB31. YM60TO ce YKpaCHBa C ~eJIH c~eHH B HHICOH paHHH axeMeHH~CICH 'IallH OT THna <pHaJIa32. Ho '10BemICHgT 06pa3 ("MaClCa" cnopea TepMHHOJIOrHjlTa aa Tasesa) ce nOBBjiBa e~Ba B TpalCHiiclCHTe <pHaJIH B'bpxy OM<paJIOca. H axo B eIC3eMnJIHpa OT MotHJIaHcxara MOrHJla TOBa e npO<pHJlHO H306pa)f(eHHe aa A<ppoMTa (1), TO B 'IamHTe OT Por03eH <paCOBaTa MaClCa aa AnOJIOH e H3'1YlCaHa nanpaso B'bpXy YM60TO HJIH n'blC e npaneneaa IC'bM Hero. B orne erma <pHaJIa OT Por03eH nerrrspsr e 0603Ha'leH spea H3'1YlCaHo H306pa)f(eHHe na rpH<poH (J\12 96), a B ztpyra - spes npanenena posera (J\12 83). Taxa nOJIY'laBaMe ofimo urecr eIC3eMnJIBpa, B ICOHTO yspacara e cscpeztorosena B'bpXy OM<paJIOCa cpemy ezraaanecer, B ICOHTO TB ce pasnonara no ~HOTO HJIH CTeHHTe aa csna, Pa36Hpa ce, Ta3H CTaTHCTHlCa He e a6cOJIIOTHa, ome nosese, 'Ie B penaua CJIyqaH YM60TO e nO~'IepTaHO xpea HBH~a opaassear, paanonoxeaa OICOJIO Hero (.N2 104, 56,66, 73, 74, 76, 80 H ztp.). Bese CJIe~ cpeztara na IV B. np. H. e. uerrrspt-r na 'IamaTa sanosaa MHoro 'IeCTO ~a ce oT6eJIH3Ba C '10BemICH 06pa3 spes npanenena IC'bM ~HOTO eM6JIeMa. B'b3MO)l(HO e HMeHHO no T03H Ha'lHH na 06j1CHHM anJIHlCa~HHTe C 06pa3H na CHJIeH H carap OT B'bp6H~a, ICOHTO HaMHpaT aHaJIOrHH B YlCpacaTa Ha <pHaJIH OT BeprHHa33 H CTaBpynOJIHC34, ~aTHpaHH TB'bP.110 OT BTOpaTa nOJIOBHHa aa IV B.

06BcHeHHeToHa OpHaMeHTa~BTa 8'bpXy C'b~OBeTe H nponeca aa HeHHoTo pa3BHTHe He 6H CJIe~BaJIO ~a ce T'bpcH B aBTOHOMHaTa c<Pepa na xy~O)f(eCTBeHOTO TBOP'leCTBO, B HMaHeHTHaia eBOJIIO~HB aa ~~eHHB THn rrpezererna <popMa. OCBeH '1HCTO HICOHOMH'IeclCaTa CH CToiiHOCT BCH'IICH Te3H <pHaJIH ca 6HJIH ICYJITOBH aTpH6YTH (aa 06pe~0 pasaame) H ~apCICH HHCHrHHH (aa MHTOJIOtH'IHO paamnne). 3aTOBa H yxpacara HM no eMH HJIH npyr Ha'lHH ce rpaaa cnopen "MO~eJIa na CBeTa", aa ~a H3nOJI3BaM TepMHHOJIOrHBTa aa JJ:. PaeBCICH. AHaJIH3HTe aa C'bBeTCICHB Y'leH aa 1C0HCTpYK~HBTa H H306pa)l(eHHBTa no <pHaJIaTa OT KYJI-06a lCaTO eMHHa CeMaHTH'IHa CHCTeMa y6eMTeJIHO nOlCa3BaT, 'Ie B ~BJIOCTHaTa yxpaca ce pasarpaaa OTHomeHHeTO uearsp - nepa<PePHg, T. e. CTpoH ce BapHaHT'bT na XOPH30HTaJIHHB MO~eJI aa CBeTa3S. Ecrecraeao e ceMaHTH'IHHBT nerrrsp aa yxpacara ~a cssnana C ICOHCTPYKTHBHHB. AnOJIOH e OCHOBHaTa <pHrypa B MHCTepHHTe, aa ICOHTO ca 6HJIH npenaaaaaseaa <pHaJIHTe, H MaHCTOp'bT aa

O~PHCKHH CepBH3 nOCTaBH 06pa3a My BbPXY YM60TO - HaR-Ba)I(HaTa, ~e<i>HHHpalUaTa npe.uMeTa KaTO qmaJ1a TOqKa. ,lJ;aJ1H e TbpceHO xapaxrepaoro aa eJ1HHCKaTa MHT0J10rHH acoUHHpaHe aa T03H 60r C oM<i>aJ10Ca B ,lJ;eJ1<i>H, e TPY~HO zta Ka)I(eM, HO BbB BCHqKH CJ1Y'IaH 06Bbp3BaHeTO aa HerOBHH 06pa3 C uearspa na CBeTa B Te3H <i>HaJIH e nOKa3aTeJIHO. HaJIH H B noztofiaa xaura OT 3y60BCKaTa MOrHJIa (Cesepen KaBKa3)36 aspxy-osnpanoca e H306pa3eHa HaBHTa na xpsrose 3MH}I, KoeTO 6H MOrJIO na ce TbJIKYBa nax BbB apsaxa C MHTa sa AnOJIOH - nHTOH e 6HBllIHHT rocnortap aa ,lJ;eJI<i>H H e norpefiaa nozt oM<i>aJIOca. 1130- 6pa3HTeJIHHHT 3HaK ce nOTBbP)I(~aBa H OT narmaca BbPXY <i>HaJIaTa, B KORTO ce cnoxreaasa AnOJIOH Xeresioa, nO'lHTaH BbB <l>acoc (V-IV B.). BbB <i>HaJIHTe OT O~PHCKH}I .uHJI na Por03eHCKOTO CbKPOBHlUe npe06JIa.uaBa no.usepraaaaero aa uetrrspa spes oT6eJIH3BaHeTo na YM60TO C H306pa)I(eHHe. IiHxMe MOrJIH na ce sarnrraxre ~aJIH H H3'1YKaHHHT BbPXY oM<i>aJIOCa na xaura .NQ 93 rpH<i>oH He xoztapa CblUO ofipasa aa AnOJIOH, KaTO HMaMe npeztBH~ xHnep60peRCKHH MHT aa fiora,

CbKpOBHlUeTO OT Por03eH aa npss m.r nasa Bb3MO)I(HOCT zta Ha~HHKHeM B urapoxara npO~YKLlH}I aa O~PHCKOTO aTeJIHe, a CblUO raxa ~a npeLleHHM KaKBO 6H MOrJIO zta ce csxpansna B oztpacxara xasna. 5IBHO e, 'Ie He npOH3Be~eHHHTa aa c06CTBeHHTe MaRCTopH ca CbCTaBJIHBaJIH ropnocrra aa uapcxara CbKPOBHlUHHua aa O~pHCHTe. Illezn.oapa, KaTO PHTOHlue OT 1i0POBO HJIH <i>HaJIa .NQ 42 OT Por03eH, ca 6HJIH BHaCHHH (no pa3JIHQHH rrsrauta) OTBbH H ca

1 6. H HK0J10B, Cn. M alUOB, Fl n, )l;HM HTpOB.H3KYCTBO, 1986, 6.

2 H. Map a 3 0 B. O.[{pHcKHTe uapcxa ziapoae B TpH6ancKoTo napcxo C'bKpOBHlUe. - Ilpo6J1eMH aa KyJ1TYpara, 1987, 1 (= Odrysian Royal Gifts in the Triballian Royal Treasure. - Southeastern Europe, 1986, vol. 13, NI-2)

3 AI. Fol. Policy and Culture-SEEurope, 1986, vol. 13, N 1-2; G. Mikhailov. The Inscriptions.-SEEurope, 1986, vol. 13, NI-2.

4 H. Luschey. Die Phiale. Harz, 1939, Abb. 14---16. 5 The Ancient Orient Museum. Tokyo. Heny6J1H-

. KYBaHa. Bnaronaps aa T. Xasura sa «l>oTorpacllHHTe aa Ta3H «l>HaJ1a. CpaBHH c 6poH30Ba «l>Hana c nonooaa yxpaca OT JIYPHCTaH B Okayama Municipal Museum of Near Eastern Art. 1979, N1I8.

6 D. von Bothmer. A Greek and Roman Treasury.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin. Summer, 1984, Fig. 16, 17.

7 Idem. Ibidem. Fig. 20, 21.

8 B. BaCHJ1eB. HaXO.[{KaTa OT Poro3eH-Tpa.[{HUHOHHH H HOBH eJ1eMeHTH B TpaKHifcKaTa TopeBTHKa.ApXe0J10rHlI, 1987, 3, 13-26.

9 M. H. APT a M 0 HOB. Coxpoaama CICHct>cICHX xyp-

raaos. JIeHHHrpa.[{ - Ilpara, 1966, «l>Hr. 46. .

1 0 U B. )l; P e M C H 3 0 B a. Hanrpooaa- MOrHJ1a npa C.

Bpaaaxeao. - H3CJ1e.[{BaHHlI B 'IeCT aa )l;. )l;e'leB. C., 1960, c. 461, o6p. 3.

11 Luschey. Op. cit. Abb. 36 a.

12 Von Bothmer. Op. cit., 54, 56, Nl00.

13 M. Andronikos. Vergina. The Royal Tombs.

Athens, 1984, Fig. 135, 136, 155.

14 M. Ta a e B a. fipo6J1eMH H CTaHoBHlIla no HCTOPH'IeCKaTa HHTepnpeTaUHlI Ha Poro3eHcKoTo CLICpoBHlIle.HCTOPH'IecICH npernen, 1986, 12, 15-30.

OCblUeCTBHBaJIH e~HH OT Ha'lHHHTe sa LlHPKYJIaLlHH aa '1y)I(~H npOH3Be~eHHH B TpaKHRCKaTa xY~O)I(eCTBeHa-KYJ1Typa. CaMHHT <i>aKT, 'Ie B MHoro HaxO~KH na cesep OT XeMYC OTKpHBaMe csztose, npOH3Be~eHH B O.uPHCKOTO aTeJIHe HJIH H3JIe3JIH OT onpacxara xaaaa, nOKa3Ba KaKBO BJIHHHHe e HMaJIO O~PHCKOTO LlapcTBO BbPXY MeCTHOTO npOH3BO~CTBO H BbPXY <i>opMHpaHe CbKpOBHlUaTa na MeCTHHTe BJIa~eTeJIH. B Por03eH ce Ha6poHBaT 30 O~PHCKH cszta, T. e. lI5 OT LlHJIOTO CbKpOBHlUe e CbCTaBeHO OT ztapoaere na KOTHc H HerOBHTe HaCJIe.uHHLlH. ~o)I(e 6H T03H BHCOK npOLleHT Ha O.uPHCKHH ~HJ1 TYK .ua e CJIY'IaRHOCT, HO TOR e MHoro noBHYllIHTeJIeH B CbKpOBHlUeTO. OT 1i0POBO H npHCbcTBa OCe3aTeJIHO nOQTH BbB BCH'IKH norOJIeMH aaxonxn. HHMa cbMHeHHe, 'Ie HHCTHTYLlHHTa Ha .uapOBeTe e 6HJIa B OCHOBaTa Ha T03H xy.uO)I(eCTBeH 06MeH, a 06pe.uHOTO sapaBHHe aa 60raTCTBa C LleJI 06HOB}lBaHe na uapcxara BJIaCT HJIH yTBbP)I(~aBaHeTo if BbPXY HOBH TepHTopHH37 e 3ana3HJIa sa Hac 6e3LleHHH ~OKYMeHTH sa KYJITypaTa aa TpaKHTe. E~Ba JIH MO)I(eM na CMHTaMe, 'Ie HHe nese CMe H3'1epnaJIH LlHJIaTa HH<i>opMaLlHH, KO}lTO Te3H ~OKYMeHTH Cb~bP)I(aT-T}I e H MHorOnOCOQHa, H MHOrOnJIaCTOBa, H pasaoxapaxrepaa. 3a.uasara aa npeanaraaara CTaTH}I 6erne na ce H3HBH O~PHCKHH ~}IJI KaTO Ba)I(eH .uOKYMeHTaJIeH H3BOP aa KYJITypHaTa HCTOPHH aa TpaKHTe. ~O)I(e 6H 6b.uelUHTe nO-rOJIeMH 0606lUeHHH me 6b.uaT aanpaaeaa OT HCTopHLlHTe Bb3 OCHOBa aa enna B 3Ha'lHTeJIHa crenen carypna CTHJIOBa ~HarH03a.

15 R. G h irs h man. 7000 ans d'art en Iran. Cat. de l'exposition, Paris, 1961, No491,492, 159,684,664,633, 660 etc.; P. Amiet. Antiquites iraniennes.-Syria, 1968, t. XLV, f. 10-11.

16 Von Bothmer. Op. cit.

17 O. Dalton.The Treasure of Oxus. London, 1964 (3rd ed.).

18 R. Bar net t. The Art of Bactria and the Treasure of Oxus. - Iranica Antiqua, vol. III (= Mellanges Ghirshman), 1968, 37; CpB. E. B. 3eHMaJ1L. AMy.[{apHHCICHH KJ1a.[{. KaT. BLICTaBKH. JI., 1979, c.17.

19 M. H. ApTaMOH-OB. COICpoBHlIla caKOB. M., 1973, c. 216, pHC. 288 .

20 B)JC. A. <J) 0 J1. fiOJ1HTH'IecICa HCTOpHII aa TpaICHTe.

C., 1972.

21 B. H H K 0 J1 0 B. KaHHTe. - H3ICYCTBO, 1986, 6. 22 Flax TaM.

23 D. Strong. Greek and Roman Gold and Silver Plate. London, 1966, p. 82; H. Luschey. Thrakien als ein Ort der Begegnung der Kelten mit. der iranischen Metallkunst. - In: Festschrift K. Bittel. Mainz, 1982, 313-329, Taf. 62-63.

24 M. And ron i k 0 s. Op, cit., Fig. 172; Treasure of Macedonia. Cat. of Exhibition. Ed. K. Ninou, Thessalonike (n. d.), PI. 24, 40, 61.

25 M. Vic k e r s. Panagyurishte, Dalboki, Lukovit and Rogozen: Questions of Metrology and Status. - In:

Papers of the British-Bulgarian Conference (12. 03. 1987). British Museum Publications. London, 1988.

26 M. T'a s e a a. ApXe0J10rH'IecICH .[{aHHH sa narapaae aa POr03eHCICOTO CLICpoBHlIle. fipo6J1eMH H CTaHoBHlIla. -A~Xe0J10rHlI, 1987, 4, c. 3.

7 M. Ta ae s a. BlIC. 6eJ1. 14, 26. 28 Ilax TaM, 6eJ1. 26.

29 B)JC. Von Bothmer. Op. cit.

21

30 M. Sprenger, G. Bartoloni, M. and A.

Hirmer. Die Etrusker. Kunst und Geschichte. Miinchen, 1977, Abb. 39 (oben.).

31 R. Higgins. Minoan and Mycenaean Art.

London, 1967, Fig.188, 189. TYK e Mj(CTOTO na orfienexa, 'Ie B1.PXy cKHcIloca of Crpensa ca H306paJeHH )J(eHCICH, a He M1.)J(ICH rnasa, ICaICTO MHCJlH M. Tasesa.

32 R. Ghirshman. Iran. Protoiranier, Meder und Achaemeniden. Miinchen, 1964, Abb. 31(}-313.

33 M. Andronikos. Op. cit. 112-114.

34 Treasure of Macedonia. N280, PI. 41a.

35,l1,. C. PaeBCICHH. Monens MHpa B CKHcIlcKOH xynsrype, M., 1985, c. 175.

3~ K. E. ,l1,yM6epr. Pa3ICOnICH""fCypraHoB aa 3y60BCICOM XYTOpe B Ky6aHcICoH 06J1aCTH.-liAK, ssm. 1,1901, c. 98, 186; r. JI 0 PllICH n a a Hll3 e. K ,HCTOPHH llpeBHeH KOJlXH.zu,I. T6HJ1HCH, 1970, c. 11.4. Ta6J1~' XXI.

37 Ii. Map a 3 0 B. 3amo e 6HJlO' saposeno CbICpOBHmeTO OT Por03eH (OnHT sa OTrOBop).-IIp06J1eMH aa ICYJITypaTa (noll nesar).

La part des Odryses dans le tresor de Rogozen

IV, MARAZOV

(Resume)

Sur la base d'une analyse stylistique confrontee avec les donnees des inscriptions, I'auteur met Ii part ceux des vases du tresor de Rogozen qui auraient pu etre produits dans l'atelier des rois odryses. Environ 30 fiales et brocs de cette trouvaille s:averent ctre des dons (ou butin) de la cour des Odryses et se trouvent dans la tresorerie des Tribales. La phiale No 86 est identifiee comme etant l'oeuvre de l'atelier d'Amatol, sur la base de sa comparaison avec Ie verre signe par lui de Branieevo. Les phiales No 42, 101-103 et Ie broc No 112 composent un service pour les mysteres utilise lors de la consecration au culte d'Apollon. La conclusion fondamentale est que l'atelier odryse se trouvait pres la tresorerie qu'il travaillait avec Ie materiel

22

qu'elle accordait aux maitres et que sa production etait dans la tresorerie du roi. Des objets precieux importes (par exemple la phiale achaemeniua No 42) etaient utilises pour des besoins ideologiques locaux par l'intervention des maitres royaux. L'auteur n'admet par l'interpretation de Disloias en tant que nom de maitre-c-on ne recontre nulle part pareille phiale, tandis qu'au point purement esthetique et technologique elle est tres elementaire pour qu'elle puisse servir de reclame d'aptitudes artisanales. La propagation des objets odryses dans Ie milieu thrace au nord de Hemus est un des moyens d'echange culturel entre les cours royales thraces, de connaissance des maitres locaux avec des ornements et de formes d'objets.

rp'06HII HaXO,IJ;KII na c . .5IrO,IJ;IIHa B

KOCTA,[{J.1H KJ.1CbOB

E;:J,I.fH OT HaM.-60ranlTe paM.OHM aa TpaKMHCKM naMeTHMu.M B lJ,eHTpaJIHMTe PO~OnM e 3eMJIHLUeTO na C. RrO~HHa (06p. 1). Ha 2 KM B ceaepoarro-nra nOCOKa nan CeJIOTO, BbPXY HaM.BHCOKOTO 6HJIO e pa3nOJIO)!(eH HeKpOnOJI OT 12 MOrHJIH.

Ilpea 1975 r. npn reOJIO)!(KM COH~H sacrnsHO e paspyrnena MOmJIa N2 4. CnaCHTeJIHHTe npoyxaanaa ce H3BbpwBaT OT MM -CMOJI}lH, npea aBrYCT CbLUaTa rO~HHa 1.

1

MOeLiAO N~4

c

t

f{J

::) 1 Cl 2 • 3 "'-4 CD 5

2

MI:50

M amepuanu U csotnuenus

OT 3eMJIlImeTO QeHTpaJIHIITe PO,IJ;Ollli

MOmJIaTa MMa ~MaM. 6 M M BMC. 1,50 M.

Harpynaaa e C HaCMn OT KaMbHM M npscr. B ceBepOH3TO<fHaTa H <faCT e OTKpMTa npaBObrunaa KaMeHHa nJIOLUa~Ka C paaxrepa 2,50 x 2 M, orpopxreaa C nJIO<fM M ofirpazieaa C e~MH pen He06pa60TeHH KaMbHM (06p. 2). Ilorpe- 6aJIHH}lT ofipen e rpyrrorronaraae. OTKPMTM ca TpH CKeJIeTa, KaTO ~Ba OT T}lX ca sanaaeaa cpaBHMTeJIHO ztofipe, a TpeTM}lT e napynren. TeJIaTa ca nOCTaBeHH no rpb6, C M3nbHaTH KpaM. T}lJIOTO pt.ue.

nbpBOTO norpefieaae MMa 0pHeHTau.H}I roroaanazr+ceaepoaarox. MMaH}lpCKM}lT H3Kon e paapyunrrr nO-rOJI}lM}I xacr OT CKeJIeTa. 3ana- 3eHM ca caxro ~OJIHMTe KpaHHHu.M (06p. 2). OKOJIO TOBa norpefieaae ca OTKpMTH pasnpscHaTM MHor06pOHHM <t>parMeHTM OT 6POH30BM, TPb60BH~HH M CnMpaJIOBH~HM HaKMTM. Ha 0,50 M C JIeKO OTKJIOHeHMe aa sanan e OTKPHTO BTOPOTO norpefieaae. CKeJIeTbT MMa ~bJI)!(HHa 1,80 M H e HanbJIHO sarraaea. ToM. HMa CbLUaTa 0pMeHTau.M}I. B 06JIaCTTa Ha pbu.eTe M OKOJIO WM}lTa M TyK ca OTKpMTM <t>parMeHTM OT 6POH30BM, TPb60BM~HH M CnMpaJIOBM~HM HaKHTH. Hanpe<fHO BbPXY rbP~MTe e nOCTaBeH 6POH30B JIa6pMC (06p. 2). OKOJIO ~OJIHMTe KpaM.HMu.H Ha CKeJIeTa e OTKpMTa CMJIHO <t>parMeHTMpaHa xepasmxa M e~MH r JIMHeH npemnea aa Bpe1;eHO.

Tperoro norpefieaae e opMeHTMpaHO B nOCOKa IOrOM3TOK - ceneposanan. ,[lbJI)!(Mnara aa CKeJIeTa BepO}lTHO e 1,80 M. AarponoJIOrM<feCKM}lT nopazrsx e napymen npn ~OJIHMTe KpaHHHu.M (06p. 2). KaKTo npa npyrare norpefieaas M TyK OKOJIO xepena ca nasrepena <t>parMeHTM OT 6POH30BM, TPb60BM~HM H CnMpaJIOBM~HM HaKMTM. Ilpa TOBa norpefieaae e OTKpMT BTOpM JIa6pMC, nOCTaBeH CbLUO

• 06p. 1. Kapma IJa pasnpocmpaneuue IJa i)60UIJUme tipaoeu mun CeMilUIJ060. Fig. 1. Carte de la propagation des bipennes type Semcinovo

• 06p. 2 .. [JAaIJ IJa M02UAa N!! 4; 1) UMaIJRpCKU U3Kon, 2) «aueutia IJaCmUAKa, 3) i)60UIJU tipaeuuxu, 4) cnupano- 6Ui)IJU MbIJUCma, 5) IJUAUIJi)PUilIJU MbIJUcma. Fig. 2. Plan du tumulus No 4: 1) excavation de chercheurs de tresor, 2) revetement de paves, 3) bis pennes, 4 )per/es en spira/e, 5) perles cylindriques

23

uanpe-mo BbPXY rupnare (06p. 2). B 06J1aCTTa na ~OJ1HHTe KpaHHHQH ca nOCTaBeHH HSlKOJ1KO <pparMeHTa xepaxraxa H e~HH r J1HHeH npetunen aa spereao. nOBTOpHH norpefieaaa B MorHJ1aTa He ca H3BbplllBaHH.

OT rp06HHSI HHBeHTap HaH-MHor06pOHHH ca 6POH30BHTe, TPb60BH~HHTe H CnHpaJ10- BH~HHTe <pparMeHTH (06p. 3). Ilpaaa anesarJ1eHHe OTKpHBaHeTO HM npe~HMHO B rpszmara 06J1aCT aa norpefianare. Te ca '1aCT OT )KeHCKH HaKHT, CbCTOSIm ce OT MaJ1KH TPb6H'IKH, npes KOHTO e npoxapaaa CnHpaJ10BH~HO H3BHTa TeJ1.

TPb6H'IKHTe HMaT ~bJ1)K. 2,5 CM. J13pa60- TeHH ca '1pe3 ort.nane na TbHKH 6POH30BH nJ1aCTHHKH C e~HaKBH pa3MepH. Ha 3a~HaTa crpana, Kb~eTO ce cpernar zrsara xpax, cHMeTpH'IHO ca pa3n0J10)KeHH no '1eTHpH MaJ1KH ~yn'lHQH BepOSiTHO sa npHIIIHBaHe KbM ztpexara (06p. 3). T03H BH~ QHJ1HH~PH'IHH TPb6H'IKH ca pSl~KO cpemaHH B 6bJ1rapCKHTe 3eMH. OTKPHTH ca B MOrHJ1a II, rpof 3 B KO'laH, Bnaroesrpaztcxo, OT nepaozta VIIIVI B. np. H. e.2 Karo HaH-paHHH TeXHH <pOPMH MoraT ~a ce nOCO'laT QHJ1HH~pH'IHHTe MbHHCTa, pasnpocrpanena npea 6pOH30BaTa enoxa . aa TepHTopHSITa na UeHTpaJ1Ha Espona '. T03H THn HaKHTH e HeH3BeCTeH B npOY'IeHHTe ztocera TpaKHHCKH norpefieaas OT CMOJ1S1HCKO.

B noseaero TPb6H'IKH ca OTKpHTH <pparMeHTH OT CnHpaJ10BH~HH J1eHTH (06p. 3), KOHTO ca pasnpocrpanena B Kapnaro-jlyaasCKHSI apean npes II XHJ1. np. H. e. Ha TepHTopHSITa Ha bbJ1rapHSI Te ce H3pa60TBaT no KbCHaTa <pa3a na paHHO)KeJ1S13HaTa enoxa. B UeHTpaJ1HHTe Po~onH TaKHBa CnHpaJ10BU~HH rep~aHH ca OTKPUTH HaH-Beqe B TpaKuHcKuTe norpefieaas CJ1e~ VIII B. np. H. e., 3HaqUTeJ1HO nO-MaCUBHH, rpyfio H3pa60TeHu OT 6pOH3 U )KeJ1S130 (06p. 4).

KbM MeTaJ1HHTe HaXO~KU cnaztar H ~BeTe ~BOHHH 6pa~BHqKU THn J1a6pHc.

Jlafipacsr, pa3n0J10)KeH BbPXY ruprmre na CKeJ1eTa OT norpetieaae N2 III, e u3pa60TeH OT 6pOH3 C ~bJ1)K. 3 CM U MaJ1bK OTBOP B cpenara C C ~uaM. 0,3 CM. HerOBHTe ocrpaera ca o<popMeHU ~brOBU~HO (06p. 5). no <popMa TOH e HaH-6J1U3bK ~O J1a6pUCUTe Tun CeMqHHOBO U MHKeHCKHTe 06pa3QH4.

BTOPHSIT nafipac, OTKPUT BbPXY rupznrre OT norpefieane N2 II, e u3pa60TeH csuto OT 6pOH3 U UMa ~bJ1)K. 3 CM, KaTO B cpenara e CnJIeCKaH XOpU30HTaJ1HO. MaJ1KUSIT OTBOP B uerrrspa HMa ~uaM. 0,3 CM. Ocrpaerara ca C TpUbfbJ1Ha <popMa (06p. 6). THn0J10rUqeCKU T03U nafipnc ce ~06J1U)KaBa zto KPUTCKUTe 06pa3QU, U30- 6pa3eHu BbPXY rJ1UHeHU Cb~OBe-nUTOC OT Ilcnpa, narapaur OT KbCHOMUHOHCKHSI nepaozr cnopen Boccepr '.

KbM rp06HUSI aaaenrap na MOfUJ1a N2 4 cnana U MaJ1KO KOJ1UqeCTBO xepascrxa, KaKTO U zrsa npeurnena aa spereao, KOUTO cnopen aanaseaara ~oKYMeHTaQuSI UMaT 6UKOHHqHa <p0pMa6•

HaJ1HqHeTO na 6POH30BHTe repnaaa H

24

• 06p. 3. TPb606UOHU usnucma u ifjpa2Mellmu om cnupanoeuoeu 2epoalt. Fig. 3. Petites perles de verroterte tubulaires et fragments de collier en spirale

• 06p. 4. arpaeuenm om rnuparoeuoeu zepoau om V16. ~p. 11. e. Fig. 4. Fragment de collier en spirale de VIe s. avo n. ere • 06p. 5. EPOlt306 nabpuc o~ n02p,e6eltue Ne I11-Mo2uJla Nfl 4. Fig. 5. Labrisse de bronze d inhumation No Ill-tu-

mulus No 4

• 06p. 6. EPOlt306 natipuc om noepetieuue Nfl l/-M02UJla Ne 4. Fig. 6. Labrisse de bronze d'inhumation No l/-tumulus No 4

npemneaa aa BpeTeHO npa TpHTe nOrpe6eHHSI COqaT, 'Ie B MOrHJ1a N2 4 e H3BbprneHo KOJ1eKTUBHO norpe6eHHe Ha )KeHH.

HaH-rOJ1S1M nrrrepec OT HaXO~KHTe npenaaBHKBaT zmere ~BOHHH 6pa~BHqKH THn J1a6pHc.

Karo nponyxr na MeTaJ1yprHqHaTa ~eHHOCT ~BoHHaTa 6pa~Ba ce nOSlBSIBa npe3 paHHoMHHOHCKHSI nepaozt.

M3CJ1e~BaHHSlTa BbPXY ~BoHHHTe 6pa~BH ~OKa3BaT ereHcKHSI npoasxon aa T03H nasrerHHK H H3XO~HaTa <popMa aa ereiicxo BJ1HSlHHe na cesep". JIa6pHcbT OT CeMqHHOBO casro nOTBbP)K~aBa TOBa BJ1HSlHHe cpezt TpaKHHcKHTe nnesreaa, 3amOTO He e OTKpHT B onpeztenea apXe0J10rHqeCKH KOHTeKcT9.

3

4

5

6

7

8

• 06p. 7. MozUJW N!! 1 om M. Jl6AaHo«o, c. Heoouua, Fig. 7. Tumulus No 1 du lieu-dit Jablanovo, village Jagodina .06p. 8. lfacm om epotinama n noiuaoxa e M02UAa N!! 1. Fig. 8. Partie de fa plate-forme funeraire dans fe tumufus No 1

JIa6pHcHTe OT C. .Hro~HHa BepORTHO ca 6HJIH rrpHIIIHTH K"bM ztpexara. OTKpHBaHeTO HM BbPXY rbP~HTe Ha rrOrpe6aHHTe e YHHKaJIeH CJIyqaH, KOHTO COqH apHCTOKpaTHqHHR npoasXO~ aa MbpTBHTe H sanasaaaero B TpaKHR <i>YHKQHRTa aa KPHTCKHR JIa6pHC KaTO CHMBOJI na BJIaCT H MOrbIQeCTBO 1 o. HaJIHqHeTO na zrsa JIa6pHCa CbC CbIQHTe pasxrepa B MOrHJIHHR HeKpOrrOJI OT C. Tena, CMOJIRHCKO, rrorm-px~aBa Ta3H <i>YHKQHR Ha JIa6pHCa B QeHTpaJIHHTe PO~OrrH 11.

):{BOHHH 6pa~BHqKH, HO C rrO-MaJIKH pasMepH, H3pa60TeHH OT pa3JIHQHH 'MeTaJIH, ca OTKpHTH B lO)KHaTa neparpepas aa TpaKHR H ca HOCeHH BbB Bpb3Ka C BRpBaHeTO B TRXHaTa npodmnaxrasaa CHJIa 1 2.

ITpe3 paHHOMHHOHCKHR I H KbCHOMHHOHCKHR III nepaozt B EreHCKHR CBRT OCBeH OPb~He na rpyzta ~BOHHaTa 6pa~Ba e cpe~CTBO sa )KepTBOrrpHHOIIIeHHe, CHMBOJI na KYJITa H HerOB 06eKT. BbPXY rraMeTHHQHTe OT KPHT OT

4 ApXe0J10rHlI, 4, 1988 r.

KbCHOMHHOHCKHR nepHO~ ~BOHHaTa 6pa~Ba e HOCeHa OT CJIY)KHTeJIH aa KY JITa HJIH OT )KeHH, HO HHKOra He e H306pa3RBaHa B pbQeTe Ha Mb)KKO 60)KeCT,BO 13. OT MOrHJIHHR HeKpOnOJI npH BeprHHa npOH3XO)K~aT HRKOJIKO JIa6pHCa KaTO HHBeHTap KbM norpefieaaa na )KeHHI4. JIa6pHcHTe OT C. .Hro~HHa THnOJIOrHqeCKH ca MHOrO 6JlH3KH ~O Te3H OT Beprnaa H CbIQO npHHa~JIe)KaT Ha )KeHCKH nOrpe6eHHR.

OqeBH~HO H3nOJI3YBaHeTO aa JIa6pHCa KaTO )KeHCKH aTpH6YT B KPHT npea 6pOH30BaTa enoxa nporrsnzcasa B TpaKHR npes paHHO)KeJIR3HaTa enoxa.

Ilopazm JIHnCaTa aa xepasmxa B norpe6eHliRTa OT MOrHJIa N~ 4 OT c. .Hro~HHa e~HHCTBeHO JIa6pHCHTe srorar zta nOCJIY)KaT KaTO fiaaa aa ~aTHpaHeTO HM. rJIaBHO Bb3 OCHOBa Ha aHaJIOrHRTa C JIa6pHCHTe OT Bepraaa norpefieaaero OT c. 51ro~HHa ce zia'rapa B HaqaJIOTO na paHHO)KeJIR3HaTa enoxa.

Kpaa CeJIOTO, B MeCTHOCTTa 516JIaHoBo, ce HaMHpa BTOpH MOrHJIeH HeKpOnOJI. PasnoJIO)KeH BbPXY HHCKO H TRCHO 6HJIO, TOH e 3HaQHTeJIHO nO-rOJIRM OT m.pans. CbCTOH ce OT 25 MOrHJIH C pa3JIHqHa rOJIeMHHa. B 6JlH30CT zto TRX ca OTKpHTH OCTaHKH OT TpaKHHCKO CeJIHIQe OT KbCHO)KeJIR3HaTa H pHMCKaTa erroxa.

Kpari CeJIOTO, B M. 516JIaHoBo, ce naxrapa BTOpH MOrHJleH HeKpOnOJI. Pa3nOJIO)KeH BbPXY HHCKO H TRCHO 6HJIO, TOH e 3HaqHTeJIHO norOJIRM OT m.pana. CbCTOH ce OT 25 MOrHJIH C pa3JIHqHa rOJIeMHHa. B 6JIH30CT zto TRX ce OTKpHBaT OCTaHKH OT TpaKHHCKO CeJIHIQe OT KbCHO)KeJIR3HaTa H pHMCKaTa enoxa.

MOrHJIa N~ 1 HMa ~HaM. 3 M H BHC. 0,60 M, HO e pa3pYIIIeHa OT HMaHRpCKH asxon (06p. 7). B uerrrspa, BbPXY HHBOTO aa CKaJIHHR repen e sanaaeaa MaJIKa QaCT OT rpotiaa rrJIOIQa~Ka (06p. 8). TR e asrpaneaa no npHMHTHBeH HaQHH OT He06pa60TeHH KaMbHH, na KOHTO e H3nOJI3YBaHa paBHaTa qaCT.

ITorpe6aHHRT e nOCTaBeH no rpb6 BbPXY nJIOIQa~KaTa H e aarpyrran C KaMbHH. OT Hero ca sanaseaa casro sepem.r H paMeHHHTe KOCTH. OpHeHl'aQHRTa Ha norpefienaero e ceBep -lOr.

B lO)KHaTa neparpepns aa MOrHJIaTa, BbPXY nOBbpXHOCTTa ce OTKpH xpt-rna 6pOH30Ba nJIaCTHHa C ~HaM. 5 CM (06p. 9). B 06JIaCTTa na JIRBOTO pasro 6eIIIe pa3rrOJIO)KeHa 'BTopa 6POH- 30Ba nJIaCTHHa C xpsr JIa <i>opMa H CbIQHTe paasrepa. Qpe3 3aHHTBaHe KbM HeR e npnxpenena HrJIa H HrJIO~bP)KaTeJI (06p. 10).

Yxpacara npa zraere IIJIaCTHHH e aaaecena BbPXY JIHQeBaTa CTpaHa qpe3 H3qYKBaHe. CbCTOH ce OT CKaqeHH eCOBe, 3arrOQBaIQH OT nerrrspa (06p. 9). ECOBeTe ca orpopxreaa xpea H3rrbKHaJIH pstione, QHHTO CTpaHH ca OQepTaHH C rrYHKTHp. ITo nepaoepaara e H3HeceH xp sr "rrepJIH" .

OTKpHBaHeTo Ha e~HaTa rrJIaCTHHa BbPXY JIRBOTO pasro, HaJIHQHeTO aa HrJIa H HrJIO~bP)KaTeJI 3a 3aXBaIQaHe Ha ~pexaTa orrpe~eJIRT

25

Te3H npenjaern KaTO qm6yJIH, KOHTO sacera ce OTKpHBaT cawo B paiioaa na Ponomrre 15.

J,13nOJI3YBaHeTO na eCOBeTe B pa3J1H'IHH KOM6HHaQHH KaTO ztexoparaaen MOTHB e xapaxrepao aa naMeTHHQHTe OT 6pOH30BaTa H paHHO)l(eJ1S13HaTa enoxa 16. Ilapanerra caxro aa yxpacara na qm6YJ1HTe ce OTKpHBaT B nopaHHH naMeTHHQH. TO'lHH ycnopezmua ce HaMHpaT na tor. HaH-6J1H3Ka ):(0 naurara yxpaca e Ta3H BbPXY 6pa):(Ba BbB BH):( na narrrepa, OTKpHTa B MaJ1HSI (cpe):(HOMHHOHCKH II I nepnon)!". Csutara yxpaca e H3n0J13YBaHa BbPXY nnoxa OT XIII B. np. H. e. c penediaa opHaMeHTH OT T0J10Ca B Opxoxreaa (EeoTHSI), npoysena OT illJ1HMaH 18.

3ae):(Ho c KpbrJ1HTe ~H6yJ1H B MOrHJ1HOTO norpefienae OT M. 516J1aHoBo ce OTKpH rmyCnHpaJ1Ha ~H6yJ1a c rOJ1S1M TpHbrbJ1eH HrJ10- zrspscaren H TpH npO~HJ1HpaHH npeurnena BbPXY J1bKa. TSI e H3pa60TeHa OT )l(eJ1S130 (o6p. 11) H 6ewe paano.noxceua B ):(SlCHaTa rpsmra 'IaCT Ha norpeqaHHSI.

T03H THn ~H6yJ1H BO):(SlT Ha'laJ10TO CH OT ):(BycnHpaJ1HHTe ~H6yJ1H C recea arnozrspxcaTeJ1, paanpocrpaneaa rJ1aBHO B Cesepna EbJ1- rapas!". B IOroH3To'lHa EbJ1rapHSI ce OTKPHBaT KaTO 'IaCT OT rp06HHSI HHBeHTap na ):(OJ1MeHHTe H B HSiKOH OT npoysemrre TpaKHHCKH cernnua 2 o. B lJ,eHTpaJ1HHTe Poztona HaH'IeCTO ce cpetnar B rpaxnacxare HeKpOnOJ1H OT xpas aa m.paara diasa aa paHHO)l(eJ1S13HaTa enoxa. Ilpn rtone-rero npeWJ1eHHTe BbPXY J1bKa ca yxpacena C aanpe-mo HHKpycTHpaHH 6POH- 30BH HHWKH.

Kpsrnara 6pOH30Ba ~H6yJ1a OT KO'laH H )l(eJ1S13HaTa ~H6yJ1a (THn E 1- 1)21 OT c. 51ro):(HHa MoraT zta ce ztarnpar OT nepaozta IX-VIII B. np. H. e., Bb3 OCHOBa na KoeTO MOrHJ1HOTO norpefieaae OT c. 51ro):(HHa,

M. 516J1aHoBo, OTHaCSIMe KbM Cbll(OTO spexre.

Pa3rJ1e):(aHHTe MeTaJ1HH HaXO):(KH OT ):(BaTa HeKpOnOJ1a ca ):(eJ10 aa MeCTHH MaHcTopH. TOBa xapaxrepnsapa U,eHTpaJ1HHTe Ponorm KaTO e):(HH OT uetrrpoaere na )l(eJ1e30):(06HB22. .MecrHOTO MeTaJ1yprH'IHo npoH3Bo):(CTBO e non ereiicxo BJ1HSlHHe, 'IHHTO 6eJ1e3H ce oTKpHBaT ):(0 KpaSi Ha paHHO)l(eJ1S13HaTa enoxa rJ1aBHO B parionare, 60raTH na PY):(HH 3aJ1e)l(H.

3eMJ1Hll(aTa na c. 51ro):(HHa H Cbce):(HOTO

c. EOpHHO ce oseprasar KaTO J10KaJ1HH QeHTpoBe Ha TpaKHHcKaTa KyJ1Typa npe3 paHHo)l(eJ1S13HaTa enoxa B Pononare. B TSiX ca perncrpapana e):(HH OT HaH-rOJ1eMHTe MOrHJ1HH HeKpOnOJ1H B CMOJ1S1HCKH oxpsr. TYK e oT6eJ1S1- 3aHO aKTHBHO CeJ1Hll(HO H xpenocrno CTPOHTeJ1CTBO npea nOCJ1e):(HaTa ~a3a aa paanoxeJ1S13HaTa enoxa.

Ta3H 'IaCT OT U,eHTpaJ1HHTe Portona ce oseprana KaTO aaxea nerrrsp na TpaKHHcKaTa xynrypa, nocem CBOSITa CneQH~HKa.

26

.06p. 9. Jluueeama cmpaua ua KpbZllama ¢u6Ylla om MOZUlla Nfl 1. Fig. 9. L'avers de la fibule ronde du tumulus No 1

• 06p. /0. Otipamuama cmpaua ua xpse.nama ¢u6Ylla om M02Ulla Nfl 1. Fig. 10. Le revers de la fibule de fer a double spirale du tumulus No 1

• 06p. 11. }f(ellfl311a oeycnupanna ¢u6Ylla om uoeuna Nfl 1. Fig. 11. Fibule de fer a double spira Ie du tumulus No 1

9

10

11

1 CnaCHTe,1HHTe npoysaaaas ca H3BbpWeHH OT .ll..

PaH'IeB, aa KOrOTO 6J1aro.llapll sa npenocraseuare MaTePHaJlH.

2 D. Gergova. Genesis and Development of the Metal Ornaments in the Thracian Land during the Early . Iron Age XI th - VI th Century B. C. - St. Praehistorica, 1980, 3, p. 97.

3 G.Gergova. Op. cit., 4-5.

4 P. non 0 B. npaHCTOpH'IecKH KYJlTOBH 6pa.llBH B Bsnrapas. - rHM, 1932, 27-29.

S A. Fur u mar k. The Mycenaean Pottery-Analysis and Classification. Stockholm, 1941, 121-130.

6 OTKpHTaTa xepasraxa H rJlHHeHHTe TelKeCTH sa spereao He ca sanaaeaa H .llOKYMeHTHpaHH.

7 M. G i m but a s. Bronze Age Cultures in Central and Eastern Europe. Paris, 1965, 125-127.

8 K. Bra n i g a n. Aegean Metal work of the Early and Middle Bronze Age. Oxford, 1974, 96-99.

9 P. Il o n o a. UHT. Cb'l., 28-29 ..

1°.ll.lK. Il e a n nfie p e it. ApXeOJlOrHlI KpHTa. M., 1950, 62-71.

11 J.hKa3BaM 6J1arO.llapHOCT aa CT. H. c. BvHatineHOBa sa HH<!>0pMaUHlITa OTHOCHO oTKpHBaHeTo aa JIa6pHCHTe.

12 P. Perdrizet. CuItes et mythes du Pangee.

London, 1910, 119-121.

13 X. Me n e p ur. MHHOHCKHlIT KpHT. c., 1978, 88-95.

14 M. And ron i k 0 s. Vergina. The royal graves in the great tumulus, AAA, X, 1977, I, 72-75.

1 S Tperaranonofiaa nJIaCTHKa e OTKpHTa B MOrHJIHO norpefeaae OT c. ~.O'leH, Bnaroesrpancxo. Bnaronaps aa CT. H. C . .ll.. Fepoaaiaa naneaara HH<!>0pMaUHII.

16 P. S a I k 0 v sky. Spiralova ornamentika starsej doby bronzovej v Karpat sskej kotline a na Dolnom Dunaji. - Siovenska Arhheologia, 1980, XXVIII, 287- 311.

1710 . .ll.. KOJInHHCKHH. I1CKYCCTBO Ereacxoro Mapa H .llpeBHeH Fpeuaa, M., 1970, 112-156.

1810 . .ll.. KOJInHHCKHH. UHT. Cb'l., c. 145.

I Q.ll.. rep 0 B a. Pa3BHTHe aa q,H6YJIHTe B TpaKHlI npes CTapOlKCJIR3HaTa enoxa XI VI B. np. H. e. - Bexoae, 1978. 52-54.

20 TpaICHHCICH naMeTHHuH., I. MeraJIHTHTe B Tpasaa.

C., 1976, 65-93.

21.ll.. F'e p o a a. UHT. csa., 28_':30.

2211. 3JIaTKOBCICall, B. UIeJIOB. <l>H6YJIH <l>paICHH.-CA, 1971, M 4; B. BeJIICoB. PY.llo.ll06HB H MHHHO .lleJIO B .ll.peBHa TpaKHlI.-rHnM, 1972, II, 28-30; )l Fe p o a a. UHT. Cb'l., c. 29.

Trouvailles sepulcrales du terroir du village Jagodina, dans les Rhodopes du centre

K, KISJOV

(Resume)

Le terroir du village Jagodina est une des plus riches regions en monuments thraces dans la region de Smoljan. Au cours de 1975, lors de travaux de construction ont ete etudies Ie tumulus No 4 et Ie tumulus No I de deux differentes necropoles. L'inventaire sepulcral decouvert suscite un grand interet.

Le tumulus No 4 contient un enterrement collectif de femmes: Le rite funebre c'est la sepulture a inhumation. Les enterrees sont placees sur une plate-forme de pierre, couchees sur Ie dos, avec les bras allonges,

L'inventaire funeraire se compose d'une parure de bronze rarement rencontree et de deux labrisses de bronze de petites dimensions. Pour la premiere fois ont ete decouverts des labrisses poses sur la poitrine des enterres, Vraisemblablement Ie role des labrisses dans l'iIIe de Crete pendant l'age du bronze, comme symbole feminin, a existe en Thrace jusqu'a la fin de l'age du fer tardif.

L'inhumation du tumulus No 4 est datee du debut de l'age du fer tardif.

Dans Ie lieu dit Jablanovo est situee une deuxierne necropole composee de 25 tumulus. Le tumulus No I est detruit par des travaux d'excavation de chercheurs de tresor, La a eu lieu une sepulture a inhumation.

L'inventaire funeraire comprend une fibule a double spirale avec un grand epinglier triangulaire et deux fibules de bronze rondes. Ces dernieres sont decouvertes pour Ie moment seulement dans les Phodopes. Leur avers est richement decore avec des figures jointes en forme de S. Sur leur revers sont conserves une epingle et un epinglier rattaches par des raccords. Des paralleles exacts se trouvent seulement pour la decoration des fibules rondes sur des monuments egeens plus anciens. L'inhumation du tumulus No I est datee dans la periode IXe- Ville s. avo n. ere.

27

OP'b,l];II5I Ha 6HTa

Ha Tpy~a H rrpe~MeTH OT MOHTaHa

r eo r r n AJ1EKCAH,[J,POB

Ha KpenOCTTa na MOHTaHa (Moesia Inferior) 6Hxa pa3KpHTH MHoro )l(eJIe3HH H noMaJIKO 6POH30BH OPb.uHH na rpyna H npenjaeru aa 6HTa. Ilt.psara rOJIHMa rpyna OT THX 6Hxa OTKpHTH npea 1970 r. B lO)I(HaTa nOJIOBHHa na HaH-rOJIHMaTa H naii-aananaara KyJIa na xpenocrra, sarpynamr BbPXY HeHHHH non C nefien nJIaCT pyiueaana. Haxozixara csrrspxca )l(eJIe3HH naneunraua, nspxoae aa KOnpaJIH, xyxa aa separa BbPXY orumue, JIOnaTa, zrspaonencxa HHCTpYMeHTH, 6POH30B xaurap H np. 3HaqHTeJIeH 6pOH 6Hxa pa3KpHTH npea 1984 r., BKonaHH nozt HHBOTO aa nona na HaHH3TOqHOTO OT Ka3apMeHHTe noxreutenas, zto cesepaas xpenocrea 3H.u H H3TOqHO OT norepna ra na KpenOCTTa (o6p. 1). 3a .ua 6b.uaT CKpHTH, e 6HJIa H3KonaHa MaJIKa HMa C npH6JIH3HTeJIHa .ubJI6oqHHa 0,40 M H pazmyc 0,35 M, B KOHTO ca 6HJIH nOCTaBeHH B OTBeCHO nOJIO)l(eHHe naneumaua, MOTHKH, TeCJIH H ztp, E.uHHHqHH naxonxa 6Hxa aaxrepeaa na pasJIHqHH MeCTa B xpenocrra, BHJIHTe HJIH KaTO CJIyqaHHH Haxo.uKH OT .upyrH KpenocTH OKOJIO MOHTaHal.

3eMe,o,enCKH CeQHBa

JIeMe)l(H (n a n a ur n n n a, paJIHHUH) (o6p. 2). OT MOHTaHa H paaoaa ztocera ca H3BeCTHH ocexr nexrexca. Pa60THaTa HM xacr HMa <popMaTa aa paanofienpea TpHbrbJIHHK C H3nbKHaJIa nOBbpXHOCT. .LI:e6eJIaTa sernpabrbJIHa .upb)l(Ka e H3KOBaHa OT e.uHO napqe )l(eJIH30-3ae.uHO C pa60THaTa qaCT. OpH HHKOH JIHqaT nonpanxn. KpaHT na .upb)l(KaTa, 3aOCTpeH H 3aKpHBeH Ha.uOJIy, ce e 3a6HBaJI B zrspseaara sacr na paJIOTO, C KoeTO saeznro ca 6HJIH 3aTerHaTH C nrapoxa rpasaa. Ofiurara .ubJI)I(HHa na naneunranare e OT 0,35 no 0,37 M, a caxro na pa60THaTa HM xacr - OT 0,20 no 0,215 M H umpoxa 0,15 no 0,18-M. TaKHBa nanenrmnm ca HaMHpaHH npn Caztosen, OJIeBeHCKH OKPbr, rtarnpaaa B VI B.2 H na xmoro .upyrH MeCTa 3 .

.LI:Ba OT nanenmamrre ca pa3HOBH.uHOCT na .upb)l(qeCTHH JIeMe)l(, KOHTO ce OT.T!HqaBa no TOBa, qe pa60THaTa sacr e nO-MaJIKa H xraoro snpaaa, urnp. 0,128 M H zrsrr. 0,125 M, cnafinean csmo C rpnana . .LI:Ba TaKHBa ca OT xpenocrare npn C. Kaxrena PHKca H Ta3H npa c. OeJIH MeJI, MHXaHJIOBrpa.ucKH OKPbr. OO.u06HH na THX ca H3BeCTHH OT c. OaHJIOBO, CO<pHHCKH oxpt.r", Aceaosa xpenocr, H3nOJI3BaHH H npes cpenaoBeKoBHeTo5• T03H THn nO-MaJIKH H xmoro 3.upaBH .upb)l(qeCTH JIeMe)l(H, HaMHpaHH B

28

KpenOCTHTe H3 nJIaHHHCKHTe paaoan, ca nparo.ueHH 3a pa60Ta B nO-TBbp.uH H KaMeHHCTH nOqBH.

BTOPHHT JIeMe)l( e T. Hap .. BTYJIqeCT HJIH pt.xasecr. Haxrepeu e e.uHH B MHXaHJIOBrpa.u npn H3Kon aa )l(HJIHrueH 6JIOK, na OKOJIO 200 M cesepao OT KpenOCTTa. TOH e no-unrpox OT .upb)l(qeCTHTe, zn,n. 0,29 M H urap. 0,217 M . 3a.uHaTa My unrpoxa sacr e nom-saara raxa, qe o6pa3yBa OTBopeHa OT.uOJIY BTYJIKa. OJIb3Huara na .ubpBeHOTO paJIO e 6HJIa rrsxnara BbB BTYJIKaTa B nOJIO)l(eHHe, 6JIH3KO .uo XOPH30HTaJIHO, H TO 6e3 ztpyrn npacnocofineaas. BTYJIKaTa 3aMeCTBa XaJIKaTa npn .upb)l(qeCTHH nexreac. TbH KaTO TH e no-unrpoxa (0,105 M) OT .upb)l(KaTa na .upb)l(qeCTHH JIeMe)l( (0,025 M), n03BOJIHBa BbPXY HeH .ua ce saxperra noumpoxa pa60THa xacr. 0POH3Bo.uHTeJIHOCTTa Ha Tpy.ua C TaKbB JIeMe)l( e 6HJIa nO-rOJIHMa nopazm TOBa, -re npaaerr no-unrpoxa fipaana. OCBeH TOBa TOH 6HJI nO-JIeCHO H3pa6oTBaH, 6e3 zta HMa HY)l(.ua OT nanpaaara na .uonbJIHHTeJIHO npacnocofinenae, KaKBOTO e rpnnnara npa .upb)l(qeCTHH JIeMe)l( . .LI:Ba BTYJIqeCTH JIeMe)l(a ce na3HT B JIOMCKHH MY3eH. 3a oT6eJIH3BaHe e, qe T03H BH.u naneumaua ce OTKpHBaT nO-qeCTO B cpe.uHOBeKOBHH 06eKTH H ce .uaTHpaT B VIIX B. 6 OT PYCHH ca H3BeCTHH npenaxnro pbKaBeCTH naneuranua, OT KOHTO nO-KbCHO ca npOH3JIe3JIH )l(eJIe3HHTe HaKpaHHliUH na COXHTe7.

.06p. I. Opsou» na mpyoa, (lKOnaUU nail «ueomo ua nOMeUjeJIUe (I «penocmma ua Monmaua. Fig. I. Outils de travail enfouis au-dessous du niveau d'un local dans la forteressede Montana

1

2

• 06p. 2. 3eMeOeJlCKU OPbOUH na mpyoa. Fig. 2. Outils agricoles de travail

HaMMeHOBamreTO naJIeIIIHM~M npOM3XO)I(.D:a OT CTapOMH.D:MHCKaTa .D:YMa phalati, KoeTO 3Hatm "nYKa ce, nena ce'?'. OaJIeIIIHM~M MJIM JIeMe)I(M, npaxpermana KbM .D:bpBeHOTO paJIO, ca e.D:HM OT HaH-CTapMTe Opb.D:MSl na TPY.D:a aa HapO.D:MTe, )I(MBeJIM He caxro no HalIIMTe 3eMM. PaJIO e M306pa3eHO BbPXY Ha.D:rp06eH naxrer-. HMK OT IO)I(Ha TpaKMSl9, a csuro M BbPXY 60cnopCKa MOHeTalo. Ilpezmorrara ce, 'Ie HaHCTapMTe )I(eJIe3HM JIeMe)I(M no HalIIMTe 3~MM ca C JIb)I(MqKOnO.D:06Ha cf>opMa II. TOBa 6e .D:OKa3aHO C HaXO.D:KMTe OT C. KaJIOSIHOBO, CJIMBeHCKM oxpt.r, .D:aTMpaHM OT cpenara na IV B. np. H. e., M OT CeBTOnOJIMCI2, KaKTO M Te3M OT MMPKOBO, .D:aTMpaHM B xpas na IV B. M Haq. na III B. np. H. e.13 Csmara cf>0pMa naJIeIIIHM~M ca HaMMpaHM M BbB BpaqaHCKOl4 M B HOBrpa.D:, CBMll(OBCKO 15, KoeTO HM rtasa OCHOBaHMe zta .D:OnYCHeM, 'Ie M B paaona na MOHTIlHa TpaKMTe ca M3nOJI3BaJIM TaKMBa JIeMe)I(M. PasrrpoCTpaHeHMeTO na TO 3M BM.D: JIeMe)I(M e 3aCBM.D:eTeJICTBYBaHO M na cesep OT .LI:YHaB B rpazurutero Munceolului npes II-I B. np. H. e., KOMTO Crisan napasa ".D:aKMHCKM TMn"16. C TOBa He 6MXMe MOrJIM zta ce CbrJIaCMM, TbH KaTO Ta3M cf>opMa JIeMe)I(M ca M3nOJI3BaHM OT TpaKMTe oute B HaqaJIOTO aa KbCHO)I(eJISl3HaTa enoxa. OO-KbCHO re ca 6MJIM paanpocrpaaena aa ceaep OT p. .LI:YHaB, Kb.D:eTO ca 3aCBM.D:eTeJICTBYBaHM M Ha PMMCKM M Cpe.D:HOBeKOBHM 06eKTM.

Pa3JIMqIUITa BbB cf>opMaTa M KOHCTPYK~MSlTa aa JIeMe)I(MTe ca B 3aBMCMMOCT OT

crenerrra na pa3BMTMeTO aa npOM3BO.D:MTeJIHMTe CMJIM, a csmo 'rasa M aa KOHKpeTHMTe npMpO.D:HM YCJIOBMSl, npa KOMTO ca M3nOJI3BaHM. B aHTMqHMTe M KbCHOaHTMqHMTe nJIaCTOBe Ha KpenOCTTa MOHTaHa M CbCe.D:HMTe KpenOCTM, a csuro M na .D:PyrM apXeOJIOrMqeCKM 06eKTM no .D:HeIIIHMTe 6bJIrapCKM 3eMM HaH-qeCTO ce HaMMpaT .D:pb)I(qeCTM JIeMe)I(M, 3aTSlraHM C rpnaaa. BTYJItfeCTMSlT MJIM psxasecr JIeMe)I(, M3BeCTeH nose-re OT Cpe.D:HOBeKOBHM 06eKTM, e 6MJI M3nOJI3BaH He caxro OT CJIaBSlHMTe, HO M BCpe.D: .nPyrM Hap0.D:M OT Ta3M enoxa. XOPM30HTaJIHOTO My nOJIO)I(eHMe M no-unrpoxara pa- 60TH a xacr, KOM6MHMpaHa C qMpeCJIa, ro npanar no-npOM3BO.D:MTeJIeH OT .D:pb)I(qeCTMjii JIeMe)I( 17.

3eMe.D:eJICKMTe Opb.D:MSl HaTpY.D:a KaTO cf>0pMa ca MHoro KOHcepBaTMBHM, aa KoeTO ce .D:bJI)I(M M npO.D:bJI)I(MTeJIHaTa MM ynorpetia. PaHHM TMnOBe M cf>0PMM ce HaMMpaT B nJIaCTOBe M 06eKTM OT KbCHM enOXM, KaTO .D:pb)I(qeCTMTe JIeMe)I(M OT AceHOBaTa KpenOCT MJIM JIb)I(MqK 0 BM.D:HMTe - OT 0 peCJIaB I 8. .LI: b pBeHOTO paJIO nO-JIeCHO e MOrJIO zta ce npMrO.D:M KbM cf>opMaTa na naJIelIIHMKa, a He 06paTHOTOI9. KbM nJIb3M~aTa na e.D:MH MJIM ztpyr BM.D: paJIO e 6MJI aaxpenaaa )I(eJIe3eH paJIHMK, KOHTO MO)I(e zta 6b.D:e M OT MHoro no-parma enoxa.

q M P e C JI a. Haxrepeaare .D:Ba qMpeCJIa ca C pa3JIMqHa .D:bJI)I(MHa 0,455 M 0,567 M. 00- rOJISIMOTO e C orxynea spt,x M MMa paasrepa, KOMTO npeaanrasar paaxrepare aa M3BeCTHMTe ztocera B naurara crpana. Pa60THaTa sacr M .D:pb)I(KaTa ca M3KOBaHM OT e.D:HO napse )I(eJISl30.

29

• Oop. 3. 3e,lfeoe.lcKu OPbOUH 110 mpyoa. Fig. 3. Outils agricoles de travail

~Pb)l(KaTa, KOSITO HMa npaso'sr snao cexeaae, e MaJIKO no-rrsnra OT HO)l(a. Ha .D:bpBeHOTO paJIO npen naneunnrxa e 6HJIO aaxpensaao MaCHBHOTO '1HpeCJIO, KOeTO, nOCTaBeHO nO.D:

H3BeCTeH HaKJIOH, pesceno 3eMSlTa, aa na YJIeCHH patiorara na nanemaaxa. TaKHBa '1HpeCJIa ca H3BeCTHH OT MHoro aHTH'IHH H Cpe.D:HOBeKOBHH 06eKTH. BbPXY KaMeHeH 6JIOK OT nJIHCKa e H306pa3eHO '1HpeCJI020. "lIpe3 ynorpefiara na '1HpeCJIa ce noaamasana npoH3BO.D:HTeJIHOCTTa Ha TpY.D:a B 3eMe.D:eJICKOTO CTonaHCTBO.

K 0 n p a JI H. ~Ba )l(eJIe3HH BbPXa na 1<0- npann OT KpenOCTTa na MOHTaHa C .D:bJI)I(HHa 0,28 H 0,215 M. ~PYrH TpH ca OT BHJIa N!~ 2, CHJIHO Kop03HpaJIH, BbB BTYJIKaTa Ha e.D:HaTa OT KOHTo' e aanaseaa BKaMeHeHa '1aCT OT .D:bpBeHHSI npt.r. I1MaT lllHPOKO BeTpHJIO- 06pa3Ho OCTpHe, 06paTHaTa crpana e BTYJIKa sa .D:bJIbr zrspsen npt.r. C KOnpaJISITa e ocrspraaaa HaJIenHJIaTa ce no naneumaxa 3eMSI, a Cb~O raxa H C nes 6HJIH nO.D:KapBaHH anperaarnre )l(HBOTHH. KOnpaJIH ca HaMHpaHH B Ca.D:OBeQ, Ilepanx, Sl30BHP "r. ~HMHTpOB". C TaKHBa KOnpaJIH CH CJIY)I(aT HSlKb.D:e H cera npa opaae C )l(HBOTHHCKa 'rxra.

30

M OTHKH (06p. 3). Te HMaT cpopMaTa na paBH06e.D:peH TpHbrbJIHHK C npHTbneH BpbX HJIH cpopMaTa na rpaneu, BbPXY ropnara OCHOBa na xotiro e YXOTO aa .D:pb)l(KaTa. Ynnrre HMaT saocrpena H3paCTbQH B .D:Be cpeutynoJIO)l(HH nOCOKH. BbPXbT cpeuiy YXOTO e 3a06JIeH H npe.D:CTaBJISIBa pa60THaTa '1aCT, KOSITO e MHoro nO-TSICHa OT Ta3H na zmeunnrre MOTHKH. HSiKOH OT MOTHKHTe CJIe.D: cxynaaae ca 3aBapSlBaHH. Ilpea Cpe.D:HOBeKOBHeTO pa60Tnara '1aCT aa MOTHKHTe see noaexe ce pa3111HpSlBaJIa, KoeTO JIH'IH OT Te3H, naxrepeaa B npeCJIaE21 HJIH ~bJIrOnOJI, aa zta ce CTHrHe .D:O zmeumara cpopMa. E.D:Ha OT MOTHKHTe OT MOHTaHa BMeCTO THJIHa Tbna '1aCT e C H3.D:bJI)I(eHO OCTpHe nO.D:06Ha Ha HaMepeHa B AHr JIHSl22.

MOT H 'I K a. Havepeua e B KepaMH'IHaTa pa60THJIHHQa na BHJIa NQ 1 .D:O MOHTaHa. 06paTHHSlT H KpaH e H3.D:bJI)I(eH H saocrpea . 113rJIe)l(.D:a, 'Ie C nea e nO.D:rOTBSlHa rJIHHa sa cpopMYBaHe. nO.D:06Ha, HO C ziayporo ocrpae e nasrepeaa B Ilepnax, H TO Cb~O B paspytnen nJIaCT OT KHpnH'IH H npt.cr, npmrecena C xepaxnrxa, KaKTO H Te3H OT MOrHJIeQ, Tt.proBHlllKH oxpsr, H OT Cesepaa ~06pY.D:)I(a23 H ztp.

~ H K e JI. "lIacT OT .D:HKeJI, aanasena e OCHOBaTa C nynxa aa .D:pb)l(Ka, e.D:HHHSlT por e

3

4

• 06p. 4. Kocepu u cspnoee. F(~. 4. Serpe lies et faucilles

orxynen, a OT npyras e aanasena MaJIKa xacr. )J;HKeJIH C1,C csuiara <popMa ce H3nOJI3BaT H no zmec B JI03apCTBOT024.

JI 0 n a r a (06p. 3). Pa3S1.ueHa OT KOP03HSI, B1,pX1,T e orxynen, aanaseaa .u1,JI)I(HHa 0,33 M. BTYJIKaTa e 06pa3YBaHa 'fpe3 no.ur1,BaHe Ha aannara xacr. OT Heli:HaTa npaaa OCOBa JIHHHSI JIH'fH, 'fe e CJIY)l(eJIa sa ofipsmaae aa no-mara, a He aa H3pHBaHe aa 3eMSI.

C 1, p nOB e (06p. 4). H zisara ca B1,B <pparMeHTapHo C1,CTOSlHHe. n1,pBHSlT e C or=ryneH Bp1,X H 3aOCTpeH Kpali: Ha 3a6HBaHe B .up1,)l(Ka. OCTpHeTo aanoxaa OT .up1,)l(KaTa H e H3KOBaHO 6e3 31,6H. nO.u06eH e aa cspnosere OT BHJIaTa B KBapTaJI 06eJISI, CO<PHSl2 5, Sl30BHP "r. )J;HMHTpOB" H C. )J;OJIHO JIeBCKH. OT BTOpHSI, aasrepeu B1,B BHJIa NQ 3, e aanasena car-to MaJIKO xacr OT Ha31,6eHOTO OCTpHe, KoeTO aanoxaa OT .up1,)l(KaTa 6e3 .u1,JI60Ka H3BHBKa.

K 0 C e p H (06p. 4). Iler ca xocepnre, e.uHHHSlT OT KOHTO HMa npaB01,r1,JIeH H3pacT1,K na THJIHaTa crpaaa. Pa60THaTa HM sacr, unrpoxa 0,03 - 0,04 M, na nspxa sam.puraa C rrsnxa, 3aocTpeHaTa .up1,)l(Ka naxpas e 3aKpHseaa, aa .ua .u1,P)l(H zrspaeaara xacr. Kocepare

ca H3nOJI3BaHH B JI03apCTBOTO 3a pSl3aHe Ha Tp1,CTHKa, xpacrn H zip. Te ca ezmo OT 'feCTO cpeutamrre cexaaa B HHBeHTapa na sexrenenCKHTe CTonaHH npe3 aHTH'fHOCTTa H cpe.uHoBeKOBHeTO. PeJIe<pHO H306pa)l(eHHe Ha Kocep HMa B1,PXY aHTH'feH naMeTHHK OT 06JIaCTTa na MOHTaHa26.

CKOTOBb~HR CeQRBa

H 0 )I( H L( a (06p. 5). H3KoBaHa e OT L(SlJIO napxe )l(eJISl30. H3nOJI3BaHa e sa crparane na .u06HT1,K. 3ana3eHa e xacr OT sropa HO)l(HL(a. TaKHBa HO)l(HL(H ca H3BeCTHH OT Ca.uOBeL(. Haxoztxare OT CeBTOnOJIHC H Fanara, BapneaCKH OKp1,r2 7, .uOKa3BaT TSlXHaTa no-panna ynorpefia OT TpaKHTe. TaKHBa HO)l(HL(H ce ynoTpe6S1BaT H cera OT HSIKOH CTonaHH.

3B1,HL(H (XJIOnaTapH). Hati-nofipe e aanasea T03H OT BHJIa NQ I. Toil HMa L(HJIHH.upH'fHa <popMa. B ropaara My sacr e npHnoeH nOJIyC<pepH'feH nOXJIynaK C XaJIKa 3a aaxaxaaae, KOSITO nporrsnxasa H OTB1,Tpe KaTO cK06a sa aaxaxaaae aa e3H'feTO. B TpHTe BHJIH OKOJIO Maxaanosrpan ca uaxrepemr diparMeHTH OT XJIOnaTapH.

IO s n H (06p. 5). B )l(eJIe3apCKaTa pa60THJIHHL(a Ha BHJIa NQ 3 6S1xa HaMepeHH 'feTHpH

31

ztofipe sanaaeaa )l(eJIe3HH 103)];H H )];By)];eJIeH 3'b6aJIeu,. Ha erma OT nix B'bB B'bHIllHHTe XaJIKH Ha 3'b6aJIeu,a e HaHH3aHa no e)];Ha rOJIHMa XaJIKa 3a nOBO)];HTe Ha KOHH. ~e)l()];y THX H Kp'brJIHH )];HCK ca npaxaxena no enna npozrsnronara xanxa sa KO)l(eHHTe pexrsna. OCTaHaJIHTe 103)];H ca 6e3 TOKH, T'bH KaTO 're ca H3pH3aHH K'bM caxrare )];HCKOBe BbB BH)]; aa 'brJIOBaTO y)];'bJI)I(eHHe. Ha BceKH 3'b6aJIeu, ca HaHH3aHH XaJIKH, KyKH H IllH110Be. B Te3H 103)];H BepOHTHO e npO)];'bJI)I(eHa Tpa)];Hu,HHTa Ha TpaKHHCKHTe 103)];H C'bC crpor 3'b6aJIeu,2 8.

K 0 C e p 'I e (06p. 5), nar-repeao B'bB BHJIa NQ 3, H3nOJI3BaHO aa nO)];pH3BaHe na nqeJIHHTe nHTH OT KOlllepH HJIH nHTH Ha )];HBH nqeJIH B nemepa H xpanyna. TaKHBa xocepxera aa C'bLlJ,aTa u,eJI ca H3nOJI3BaHH )];OCKOpO.

B'bB BHJIa NQ 3, paano.noaceaa aenocpeztCTBeHO )];0 p. Orocra, 6e naxrepena OJIOBHa T e )I( e C T 3 a p H 6 a p C K aMp e )I( a, C xp sr JIa <popMa H enaa )l(eml3Ha B 'b)]; H U, a (06p. 5).

)l{eJIe3apCKH HHcTpYMeHTH

q y K-C e K a 'I H T P H )I( e JI e 3 a p c K H K JI eLlJ, H ca H3BeCTHH OT C. CMOJIHHOBU,H, MnxaiiJIOBrpa)];CKH OKp'br29. TaKHBa KJIeLlJ,H ca n03- HaTH OT MHoro MeCTa, a penerpao H306pa3eHH, MoraT na ce BH)];HT m.pxy nanrpofiea naMeTHHK na KOBaq OT HOpK30. B )l(eJIe3apCKaTa patioTHJIHHu,a na BHJIa NQ 3 OCBeH J03)];H 6Hxa aavrepena CTpeJIH, rB03)];eH, KJIlOqOBe, HO)l(OBe, Me)];HH anJIHKau,HH H MaJI'bK C e K a 'I C nO)];6HTa THJIHa sacr, MaJI'bK n p 0 6 0 H H serm-prnra nO)];JIO)l(Ka OT neferro napse )l(eml3o, st.pxy

32

• G6p. 5. Csomoesouu OPbOUJI ua mpyoa. Fig. 5. Outils de travail d'elevage

• G6p. 6. )f(elle3apcKu uucmpyuenmu. Fig. 6. Instruments de forgeron

KoeTO ca OTCHqaJIH HJIH np06HBaJIH rrpyrn )l(eJIe3a.

Ilpa npoxapaane aa rrsr npea KpenOCTTa aa ~OHTaHa B ezma MaJIKa CKaJIHa xyxnaa 6Rxa naxrepean CJIe)];HHTe Me)];HH C'b)];OBe: e)];HH Ka3aH, TpH KynH C 06JIH zrsaa, zrsa xanaxa C

5

6

7

• 06p. 7. Jlespcxu CbOo6e. Fig. 7. Recipients de fondeur

yxpaca spea H3qYKBaHe, enna xpsrna H zme npaBObrbJIHH TaBHqKH H e~HH ~eJIe3eH TpHHO~HHK C KPbfbJI 06Pbq (06p. 7). Ka3aHbT e C 6HKOHHqHa <popMa H BHC. 0,36 M. ,l1;HaMeTbpbT aa YCTHeTO e 0,42 M. Bspxy seaeua aa rOJUIMaTa H MaJIKaTa xyna ca aanaseaa HHTOBeTe na nsere cpeurynorrozcna ~Pb~KH. nO-MaJIKaTa OT TaBHTe e C ~eJIe3Ha cK06a H ~Pb~Ka, a rrsnara HM ca yxpaceaa C BnHcaHH npaBObrbJIHHl.J,H. Kpt.rrrara TaBHqKa e C )l(eJIe- 3eH ~ByHO~HHK H ~Pb~Ka. OT aanpaaeaas aHaJIH3 na HaJIenHTe no TaBHTe31 ce YCTaHoBH, qe B nix e roneno OJIOBO. Me~HHTe Cb~OBe ca 6HJIH H3nOJI3BaHH OT neap B MOHTaHa aa ToneHe Ha OJIOBO npH HanpaBaTa Ha OJIOBHH TPb6H, KaKBHTO ca OTKpHTH BbB BHJIa NQ 2, na OJIOBHH JIHCTOBe, H3BeCTHH OT BHJIa NQ I. Pa3ToneHo OJIOBO e 6HJIO HaJIHBaHO B ~ynKH npn cm.psnane na OT~eJIHHTe qaCTH na KOJIOHHTe, npa apa c Ha~nHC ara cum sigillo, T. e. TaK~Ba, BbPXY KOHTO e HMaJIO craryapmt H306pa~eHHSI, Ha~rp06HH nJIOqH H rtp. OT xpenocrra npoaaxozczta H erma ~BoHHa K y K a C BHTa ~Pb~Ka H XaJIKa aa saxaaaaae na Cb~OBe nazt ornaute. BbB BHJIa NQ 3 e nasrepen H e~HH K a M e H e H K a JI b n sa OT JIHBaHe na 6pa~BH (06p. 6).

~bPBo~enCKM MHCTpYMeHTM

I> p a ~ B H (06p. 9). E~Ha OT 6pMBHTe npomxoxna OT KbCHOaHTHqHOTO c cenmue B MeCTHOCTTa .Flepyn rpana" B 6ml30cT zto BHJIa NQ 2. Te ca CbC 3aOCTpeHH H3paCTbl.J,H, KaKBHTO HMa H npn MOTHKHTe. TeCJIH-Te ca zrsroBH~HOH3BHTH C nJIOCKO OCTpHe. Ha ennara OT TSiX THJIHaTa qaCT e H3~bJI~eHa H odiopxreaa KaTO qyK. nO~06eH HHCTpYMeHT e nasrepen

5 Apxeonoraa, 4, 1988 r.

npa C. Taranana H onpeztenea KaTO KOnaq32, ,l1; B Y C T P a H HaT e c JI a C paBHH npenna H THJIHa xacr, HO C pa3JIHqHH no umpaaa OCTpHeTa (0,027 H 0,045 M). nO~O'6Ha TeCJIa e nasrepeaa B KB. 06eJISI. J1HcTpYMeHT, e~HOTO ocrpae na KOHTO e KOHyCOBH~HO 3aOCTpeHO, a rrpyroro e nJIOCKO, TSiCHO H H3~bJI~eHO. ,l1; JI e r a - re HMa T rrpano HJIH CKoceHO OCTpHe, a e~HOOT TSiX e C TpH 3a06JIeHH sp'sxsera. BepoSiTHo ca 6HJIH H3nOJI3BaHH 3a HanpaBaTa na ~bPBeHH ~eTaHJIH. Ca r, p n e JI - pa60THHSlT My npt.x e 3aKaJIeH. TpHOH. IlpeztcraBJISIBa urnpoxa (0,135 M) H zrsnra (I, 15 M) ~eJIe3Ha JIeHTa C rOJIeMH 3b6H, aa ztaara xpaa aa KOSITO HMa no TpH ~ynKH H no erma XaJIKa. 113noJI3BaH e aa pasaae na ~e6eJIH zrspnera H 'rpynn. ,l1;Hec TPHOHH C 'raxasa aanpasa ce napnsar 'rpynaaa. He MH e H3BeCTHO zta e ny6JIHKYBaH no~06eH TPHOH OT 6bJIrapCKHTe 3eMH. KOCHl.J,a HJIH H33eMKa-npe~cTaBJISIBa nJIOCbK HHcTpYMeHT C ~Be CTpaHHqHH ~Pb~KH OTKbM OCTpaTa sacr, H3nOJI3YBaH aa sar rraacnaue HJIH H3paBHSlBaHe na ~bPBeHH qaCTH.

KO)l(apCKM M IIIMBalIIKM MHcTpYMeHTM

I>POH30B npeznrer C BHCOqHHa 0,12 M (06p. 10). Haxrepen e B aHTHqHaTa xperrocr nazt c. Kaxrena PHKca. Ilpe~cTaBJISIBa y~e6eJIeHa H xpt.rna ~OJIHa sacr C panna nJIOCKOCT, KOSITO npexumaaa B H3TbHeHa pbKOXBaTKa. ,l1;OJIHaTa nOJIOBHHa e YKpaceHa C BpSl3aHH paCTHTeJIHH opHaMeHTH, ,l1;OCKOPO noztofiea HHcTpYMeHT (sryma) e H3n0JI3BaH B xozcapcxare pa60THJIHHl.J,H aa ra6pOBO H HSIKOH ztpyrn MeCTa, ,l1;Be III H JI a C H3~bJI~eHa H saocrpeaa pa60THa xacr H C ~Pb~Ka na 06paTHaTa crpana. 3 a M 6 Hnse OT TRX ca OT BHJIa NQ 3 H eznra OT

33

• 06p. 8. j(bp6o{}eAcKu uncmpy uenmu. Fig. 8. Instruments de menuisier

• 06p. 9. j(bp6o{}eAcKu uucmpy.uenmu U mpuou. Fig. 9. Les instruments de menuisier avec scie

• 06p. 10. KOJlCapCKU U WU6aWKU 0pb{}UR ua mpyoa. Fig. 10. Outils de travail de peaussier et de tailleur

.06p. 11. Cxy.nnmypen uncmpy ueum. Fig. 11. Instrument de sculpture

• 06p. 12. Kamuuapu, KAIO'106e u op. Fig. 12. Cadenas, cles et autres

34

8

9

11

10

12

I

KpenOCTTa na MOHTaHa. Pa60THaTa HM sacr e 3aBHTa KaTO <PYHH~ C OTBOP 3-4 MM B .l(HaMeTbp. 113noJI3YBaHH ca aa npofiasaue aa ztyrrxa B xoxa. 3a xozcapa ce cnoxreaasa B aanrmc OT <l>HJIHnOnoJI33. )I{ e JI e 3 H a H r JI a - zrsn. 0,168 M, OT BHJIa NQ 2 H xacr OT 6 p 0 H 3 0 BaH r JI a C YXOTO aa umeae na TbKaHH H KO)l(H.

KaMeHO.l(eJICKH HHCTpYMeHT (o6p.

11) C H3.l(bJI)I(eHaJIb)l(HqKOBH.l(Ha nperma xacr H JIeKO pa311IHpeHa nJIOCKa sazma xacr. C xopyfiecrara xacr ce OTHeMaJIa rJIHHa, a C nJIOCKaTa ce sarnaxnana H306pa)l(eHH~Ta. 113BecTHo . e, qe B MOHTaHa e pa60THJI CKYJInTOpa CaTypHHH34, a BbB BHJIa NQ 1 HMaJIO KaMeHO.l(eJICKa pa60THJIHHQa.

35

Karmrapn, KJUOqOBe H .ll.p.

KaT H Hap H. l.JeTHpH OT TSiX HMaT ermoTHnHa cpopMa H YCTPOlfcTBO. OT KYTHSITa Ha,n:OJ1Y e H3BHTa MeTaJ1Ha np'sxxa, qHifTO Kpau ce e rrsxarr B noztaaxcna cK06a npa 3aKJ1JOqsane. TaKHBa ca KaTHHapHTe OT Ca,n:OBeQ H noKbCHHTe OT npeCJ1aB35 H HOBaqeHe36. neTHSIT KaTHHap OT KpenOCTTa npa C. I'oaexna, MHXaUJ10Brpa,n:CKH oxpsr, npe,n:CTaBJ1S1Ba weCTCTeHHa npH3Ma C perrediaa 60J1TOBe. Ha ezmara OCHOBa e 3aXBaHaTa anpaaa separa OT 12 H3,n:bJ1)1(eHH XaJ1KH, a rtpyrara HMa ,n:Be nynxn: ennara e sa KJ1JOqa, a B npyrara ce e nbXaJ1a nOCJ1e,n:HaTa XaJ1Ka OT BepHraTa npH 3aKJ1JOQBaHe. I) p a B a, OT. KOSITO e aanaseaa OKcH,n:HpaJ1a )I(eJ1e3Ha rp'stia H QaCT OT MexaHH3Ma. OBKoBKa s a 6pa,n:Ba OT Me,n:, xpt.rna no cpopMa, C rtaa BHCOKOH3nbKHaJ1H KOHQeHTpHQHH xpt.ra H ztpyra C HHCbK npodmn. B cpenara na 06KoBKaTa HMa npopes aa KJ1JOQa, a no' nepaoepaara - urecr xp sr J1H ztynxa sa rB03,n:eHTe, C KOHTO e 3aKOBaBaHa. 06KOBKH ca H3BeCTHH OT HOBe3 7, l.JoMaKOBQH,

Bpa QaHCKH oxp sr-' 8, Jh06J1eH, Tr.proaaurxa oKpbr39, C xynoxecrseua yxpaca ca 06KoBKHTe OT Capas, na3ap,n:)I(HIIIKH oKpbr, H BOUBO,n:OBO, XacKoBcKH oxpsr+". K J1,JO Q 0 B e. OT xpenocrra H TpHTe BHJ1H 6S1xa nasrepena QeTHpH )I(eJ1e3HH H rtsa 6POH30BH KJ1JOQa, e,n:HHHSlT OT KOHTO e npbCTeH-KJ1JOQ KaTO T03H OT 5JTpyc41. TaKHBa ca ny6J1HKYBaHH OT KJOCTeH,n:HJ142, OT BHJ1aTa npa C. npHCOBO, B. TbPHOBCKH OKpbr43 H np.

M3MepHTenHH ype.ll.H

KaHTapH (06p. 13). E,n:HHHSlT e OT KpenOCTTa na MOHTaHa, a zipyrnar - OT Ta3H uazt c. Kaxrena PHKca. Il'spsnar e aanasea nOQTH HanbJ1HO, paMOTO My HMa KBa,n:paTHO CeQeHHe H paarpadiasaaas, 03HaQeHH C PHMCKH QHCPPH V H X. C TpHTe My CKaJ1H ca OTMepBaJ1H Ma-tIKH, cpezum H rOJ1eMH Te)l(eCTH (I 5, 40 H 100 J1H6pH). B HaQaJ10TO aa ezmara CKaJ1a C TOQKYBaHe e 03HaQeHa 6YKBaTa N = 50 J1H6pH, a B xpas - R = 100 J1H6pH. BTOPHSIT KaHTa p e

.06p. 13. Kamunapu. Fig. 13. Balances

36

13

6e3 paxro, HMa K06HJ1HQa H ztse separa C no enaa KYKa H Te)JCecT, KO~TO npencraansaa 'ronxa OT TbHKa Me.l\Ha nJ1aCTHHKa, rrsnna C O.TTOBO.

, Men sam ens u r a ria 6e pasxpara B CTonaHCKaTa crpana aa BHJ1a .M> 3. T~ npencraBJ1~Ba MpaMopeH 6J10K C zrae B.l\J1b6Ha TH MepKH, KOHTO HMaT KOHYCOBH.l\~a q,opMa C KOHBeKCHa OKOJ1Ha noaspxaana. rOJ1~MaTa M~pKa e paana aa enaa MO.l\HYC (8,754 J1), a MaJ1KaTa-Ha e.l\HH ceMHMO.l\HYC. Ha ezmara OTBeCHa crpaaa HMa fPbQKH aannac B 4 pena+'.

Ilosesero OT opsnasra aa rpyna H npeztMeTH na 6HTa ca OTKpHTH B nJ1aCT OT paHHoBH3aHTHHcKaTa enoxa. 3a oT6eJ1~3BaHe e, 'Ie nO-MaJ1bK e 6pO~T aa aaxrepeaare B aHTHqHHTe BHJ1H OK0J10 MHXaHJ10Bfpa.l\4S, OTKOJ1KOTO na Te3H B KpenOCTTa. J.13BeCTHO e, 'Ie MHOfO OPb.l\H~ Ha TpY.l\a ca OTKpHTH Ha xpenocrra npa Ca.l\OBeQ H ocofieao B nOCJ1e.l\HO spesre npa IIIYMeH46, BOHBO.l\a, A6pHTYC47, nepHHK48, a Te3H OT BHJ1aTa npn Maztapa ca 6HJ1H CKpHTH B CBeTHJ1HLQeT049. nOCOqeHHTe xpenocra ca npeztmsao aa ceaep OT XeMYC. BapBapCKHTe onycrourenas, oc06eHO B aesaLQHTeHHTe 06eKTH, ca fOJ1eMH. MO)JCe 6H KaTO

I Flosese OT HaXO,lUCHTe ca OT xpenoc'rra aa MOHTaHa.

Ille ce oT6eJl1l3Ba MCCToHaMHpaHeTo aa Te3H. KOHTO He ca OT Ta3H KpenOCT.

2 I. WeI k 0 v. Eine Gotenfestung bei Sadovez (Nordbulgarien). Germania, XIX. 1935, 149-150.

3 X. BaKapeJlCKH. CTapH 3eMe.n;eJlCKH Ce'lHBa.rHM. VI. 1936. 425-433. 06p. 269.

4 X. BaKapeJlCKH. QHT. CD'I., c. 425. 06p. 270.

5 A. Q 0 H 'I e B npHHOC K'hM 6bJlfapcKaTa MaTepHaJIHa KyJlTypa.-UAU, XVII, 1950. c. 298, 06p. 246.

6 A. MHJl'leB, C. AHfeJlOBa. Pa3KonKH H npoysBaHHlI B KaJleTO npa C. HOBa 1{epHa. CHJlHCTpeHCKH OKP'hf, npes 1967r.-ApxeOJlOfHlI, XI, 1969, 3, c. 43, 06p. 9. 7)1(. B'h lK a p 0 B a. npOIICXOlK)leHlIlI 60JlfapcKHX naXOTHHX 0PY.llllH. M., 1956, 06p. 50; 10. A. Kp a c a o a. Pannas HCTOpHli coxH.-CA, 1986, 1, c. 109, 167.

8 CT. M Jl a .n; e HOB. naJIeWHHIC, paJlHHK HJlH neMelK.-UHEM; VIII-IX, 1929, 110--113.

9 O. til H Jl 0 B, U B. Be Jl K 0 B. HOBOOTKPHTH CTapHHH.-UoAA, VII, 1919-1920, c. 154; r. Ka u a p o a. E.n;HH naMeTHHK aa 3eMe.n;eJlHeTO B ApeBHa TpaKlIlI.UAH, XII, 1939, c. 405. 06p. 185.

1010. A. Kp a c a o a, ApeBHHe H cpemrosexoeaue pana BOCTO'lHOH EBponbl.-CA, 1982,3, c.63 H CJl:, PHC 2, 6.

II )1(. B1>lKapoBa. QHT. CD'I., C. 50.

12 M. lIH'IHICOBa. TpalHHCKa rpofiaana OT C. KaJlOliHOBO, CJlHBCHCICH OKp'hr.-UAU. XXXI, 1969,60--61. 06p. 16.

13 A. M H Jl 'I e B. ApXeOJlOfH'IecICH npoysaaaas B OICOJlHOCTHTe aa C. MHPICOBO, Ilapnorrcxo. H3CJl. B nasrer aa K. WICOPIIHJl. C., 1961, c. 402, 06p. 2.

14 X. Ba x a peJlCICH. CTapH 3eMe.n;eJlCICH ... , 425-433, 06p. 269.

15 C. CTecpaHoB. HOBfPa)l. craps ceJlHrua.-UAU.

XXXIV, 1974, c. 295, 06p. 43 lK.

16 H. Cr is a n. Un depozit de une1te descoperti 1a Lechinta de Mures.-SCIV, XI2, 1960,p. 290.

• 17 J. Hen inn g. Bu1garien zwischen Antike und Mittelalter im Spiegel der Wirtschaftsarchii010gie. - Das A1terum .... 32. 1986. 2. S. 100.

1811.. 1{aHfOBa. Cpe.llllOBCKOBHH Opb.llllll aa Tpy.n;a B ObJlfapHlI.-UAU. XXV, 1961, 19--55. Ta6Jl. V; R. 1{ a H fOB a. T'hPfOBCICH nOMerueHHJI B Ilpecnas. - UAU, XXI, 1957, c. 271, 06p. 19.

pe3YJ1TaT OT nO-fOJ1~MOTO CnOKOHCTBHe B H~KOH OT BHmITe aa IOf OT XeMYC ce HaMHpaT noaese Opb.l\H~ aa 'rpyna, KaKTO e Ta3H npa 4aTaJ1Kaso, DJlJ1a aorta, Ilepnax!". Ilo apesse na BTOPOTO fO'h:KO naurecrane (378 r.) H oc06eHO npe.l\ 'onaCHOCTTa OT BapBapCKH HarneCTBH~ npea VI B. c06CTBeHHllHTe na BHJ1HTe TbpceJ1H cnacenae B KpenOCTHTe, Kbnero YKpHBaJ1H H pa60THH~ CH HHBeHTap. OCBeH TOBa H~KOH 3aHaJlTqHH npe.l\nOqHTaJ1H na pa60T~T aa no-cHfYPHO B xpenocrnre. B xpenocrra npa Canoseu enna OT KYJ1HTe e 6HJ1a npesspaara B )JCeJ1e3apCKa pa60THJ1HHlla, B rnYMeHcKaTa xpenocr e pasxpara xoaasnaua, a B xpenocrra aa MOHTaHa e aasrepen I1IJ1aK, KOHTO Bepo~THO e OT TaKaBa pa60THJ1HHlla. OCBeH ToBa npea V-VI B. aa BOHHHllHTe BMeCTO napa e 6HJ10 nJ1aLQaHO CbC 3eM~. KaTO npHTe)JCaTeJ1H na MaJ1KH HJ1H nO-fOJ1eMH aesreBJ1a.l\eHH~ npa onaCHOCTH 're HOCeJ1H .0Pb.l\H~Ta na rpyzta B KpenOCTHTe.

Te3H BepO~THO ca npHqHHHTe, na KOHTO ce .l\bJ1)JCH nO-fOJ1~MOTO narpynaaae aa nosese OPb.l\H~ aa 'rpyzta H 3aHaU'lHHCKH HHCTPYMeHTH B KpenOCTHTe npea KbCHaTa aHTH'IHOCT H paHHOBH3aHTHHCKaTa enoxa.

19 JI. AYICOB. 3eMeJteJlHeTO H 3eMe.n;eJlCKHTe lKeJle3HH Op'hJtHIi B 6'hJlrapcICHTe 3eMH npea aHTH'IHOCTTa.UEHM, VIII, 1965, c. 161.

20 S. Stantchev. Un monument de I'agriculture slave a Plisca.-S1avia Antiqua, IV, 1953. fig. 4. 3. PI. I, II. 21 A. 1{aHfOBa. CpeBHOBelCOBHH Op'hllHII .... c. 27.

Ta6Jl. IV.

22 W. H. Manning. Romano-british ironwork in the Museum of antiquities Newcastele, 1976. Fig. 18, 79.

23 V. Baumman. Ferma romana din Dobrugea, Tulcea, 1983, PI. VlII, 5.

24 M. HHICOJl'lOBCICa. nOMHH'hUH aa naceneaaero OT UBaHJlOBrpa.n;clCo.-UMlOo, VI, 1980, c. 159. 06p. 5. 25 M. CT a H 'I e s a. BHJla PYCTHlCa B ICB. 06eJIJI B COcplIll. - ApXeOJlOrHlI, XXIII. 1981. 1-2. c. 62, 06p.

13. a.

26 B. A 0 6 p Y C IC H. MaTepHaJIH no apxeonorasra aa ObJlfapHlI.-C6HY, XVI-XVII, 1900. c. 69. 06p. 37.

27 JI. OfHeHOBa-MapHHOBa. Ape6HH aaxonsa, TepalCoTH.cKYJlnTypa.CeBTOnOJlHC,I, 1984. 186--187,06p. 23-24; A. M H H 'I e B. Tpaxaitcxo MOfHJlHO norpefenae OT III B. np. H. e. B c. Fanara, Bapaeacxo. - UHMB, XI (XXVI), 1975, c. 137, ra6Jl. II. 3.

28 U B. Be H e n H IC 0 B. TpalCHHcKaTa 103.n;a. - UAU.

XXI, 1957, c. 153 H CJl.

29 R. 1{aHrOBa. Cpe.n;HOBCICOBHH Op'h.n;HlI .... c. 20, Ta6Jl. II. 1.

30 W. H. Manning. Op. cit., PI. V.

31 AHaJIH3'hT 6e aanpasea B XHMH'IeclCaTa Jla6opaTOPHJI na MaUlHHOCTpOHTeJlHHJI 3aBO.n; .. MHP" B MHxaHnosrpan OT JIH.n;HlI Tonoposa Cnacosa, aa KOliTO H3Ka3BaM 6J1afo.n;apHOCT.

32 3Jl. MOPCPOBa. CBeTHJlHrueTo aa 3eBC H Xepa npa I'araaaua, oeplCoBCKo.-UAU, XXI, 1957, c. 307.

33 K. K 0 Jl e B. Hanrpofiaa nnoxa OT tIlHJlHnOnOJl.ApXe0J10fHJI, VIII, 1966, 2, 57-59.

34 JI. T'o a 0 p 0 B a. naraHH3M'hT B AOJlHa MH3HlI. C .• 1928, c. 83 .

35 r. AlKHHfOB. npHHOC K'hM MaTepHaJIHaTa ICYJlrypa aa Flpecnaa H aerosara OKOJlHOCT.-ApxeOJlOfHII. VIII, 1966, 2, c. 54. o6p. 17, a, 6.

36 B. B a C H Jl e B. oOlKeHHUlKH YpBH'I. C., 1978, c. 36. 37 A. n. AHMHTPOB. M. 1{H'IHIOBa. AJl. AHMHTpOB~ ~ CyJlTO~ a 60lKHJlOB~ U. BaCH~ 'I H H. ApXeOJlOfH'IecICH pa3IConICH B H3TO'lHHJI cexrop aa

37

HOBe npes 1967-1969r.-WAW. XXXIV. 1974. c. 172. o6p. 40 6. B. r.

38 11. M 10 H 3 0 B a. ,[lP'bJl(KH H annaxauaa aa KaCeTKH OT pHMCKaTa enoxa B ApXeOJlOTH'!ecKHII MY3eii B C0<pHIi. - ApXeOJlOTHIi. XIJ. 1965. I. c. 42. 06p. 7 6.

39 ,[l. 0 B '! a p 0 B. TpaKHHCKa rpofiaa MOrHJla OT III B. na H. e. npa C. 11106J1eH. T'bprOBHllIKH OKP'br. - ApxeoJlOrHlI, XXI. 1979. c. 34, 06p. 9 a, 6.

40 r. KaQapOB. AHTH'!HH naMeTHHQH OT TpaKHII.rnHl>M, 1930, c. 211.

41 G. Gomulka. Katalog der Kleinfude.-Klio. 1966. 47. S. 302. Taf. XI. 90. 91.

42 T. W BaH 0 B. naMeTHHQH OT naYTaJIHII. - WAW, XXIII. 1960. c. 210. 06p. 6.

43 Ii. C y JI T 0 B. EAHa villa rustica Kpaii c. npHCOBO, B. T'bPHOBCKH OKp'br.-WMBT, II, 1964, c. 69, 06p. 18. 44 r. A JI e K C a HAP 0 B. AHTH'!HH naMeTHHllH OT MOHTaHa. - ApXeOJlOrHJI, XXVIII, 1986, I, 43-44, 06p.

10. '

45 r. AJleKCaHAPOB. AHTH'!Ha BHJla M 2 Kpaii MOHTaHa.-I1MC31i, 1979, 9-64; r. AJleKCaHApoB.

AHTH'!Ha BHJla M I Kpaii Maxaanosrpan, - WMC31i. 1983.8,37-83; r. AJleKCaHAPoB. AHTH'!Ha BHJla M 3 Kpaii Maxaanosrpan. -I1MC31i. 12.8.4. 9. 9-45.

46 B, A H T 0 HOB a. ApXeOJlOrH'!ecKH npoysaaaas aa Illysrencxara KpenOCT.-I1HMlll. VI. ,1978. c. 127 H CJJ.

47 C. ,[laMIiHOO. Flpoyseanas Hll;.crpalla M 8 OT KbCHoaHTH'!HHII rpan npa c. BoHBoAa. lllYMeHcKo.rMCIi. 1976. c. 17 H CJl.; C. ,[laMIiHoB. npOY'!BaHHII aa KyJla M 3 OT KbCHoaHTH'!HHII rpall npH c, BoiiBolla.I1HMlll. VI. 1973. c. 196; T. I1BaHoB. HOOOOTKPHTHIiT rpan A6pHT npa Paarpaa-s-H ne., XII, 1956, I, 79-91.

48 B. 11 10 6 e HOB a. CeJlHlUeTO OT pHMCKaTa H paHHOBH3aHTHHCKaTa enoxa. Flepaax, I, 1981, c. 164, 06p. 103. 49 no CBelleHHII OT QBeTaHa ,[lpeMcH30Ba, aa KOIiTO 6J1arOAapli.

50 no ceeneaae OT ,[lHMHT'bP HHKOJlOB, aa KOTOTO

6J1arOAapJl. .

51 B. 11 10 6 e HOB a. Pa3KonKH aa pHMCKaTa BHJla Bcna BOlla. Ilepaax. - XIII HaQ. apxeonor, KOH<p .• BHIlHH, Apxeonor. pasxon. npes 1977r. C., 1978,86---87.

Outils de travail et objets de la vre de Montana

G. ALEKSANDROV

(Resume)

Sont publies des outils de travail et des objets de la vie trouves a Montana (actuellement Mihajlovgrad) et a Reguio Montanensium (Moesia Inferior). Ce sont des outils de labour de travail agricole: socs en fer, bouts d'aiguillons (fig. 2). Les outils de travail pour buttage sont: pioches, pelle (fig. 3). Lors de la moisson de cereales et de la coupure des vignobles on utilisait: faucilles et serpettes (fig. 4). Dans l'elevage on se servait de ciseaux, c1ochettes, brides, petite serpette pour nids d'abeilles, vertebres pour filets de pecheurs etcannes a peche (fi~. 5).

'Le developpement de la metallurgie dans la region de Montana est atteste egalement par differents instruments de forge: tenailles, marteaux, coupoirs, forets (fig. 6), ainsi que par des recipients pour la fusion du plomb (fig. 7). Le developpement du travail du bois est lie a la construction

intensive qui a impose I'apparition et Ie perfectionnement de differents genres de serrures, d'herminettes, de scies a main (pour la premiere fois est publiee une seie) (fig. 8, 9). Pour Ie traitement de peaux on se servait de mortiers en bronze, de poincons, d'aiguilles, d'alenes (fig, 10).

A Montana et dans sa region on travaillait Ie marbre, ce qui est atteste par les nombreux monuments de marbre decouverts et les carrieres de marbre. lei a vecu aussi Ie sculpteur Saturnine. Maintenant est publie pour la premiere fois egalement un instrument de sculpture (fig. 11). Pour plus de surete on se servait de revetements de serrures.. cadenas et de cles (fig. 12), tandis que dans Ie commerce-de balances (fig. 13) et de mensa mensuraria.

La production de ces outils de travail est liee au developpement de la metallurgic dans la region de Montana depuis la Basse antiquite qui a continue egalement pendant Ie Moyen Age.

~onbllHHTenHaTa YKpenHTenHa CHCTeMa na CpeL(HOBeKOBHHjI

rpaL( TbPHOBO

MWPKO POliOB

3a CJIO){CHaTa H MOm;Ha YICpenHTeJIHa CHCTeMa aa Cpe,ll;HOBeICOBHHlI rpan T1>PHOBO crroxreaasa oute BH3aHTHiicICHlIT XPOHHCT HHICHTa XOHHaT, ICaTO nOCOqBa, qe Toii e "HaiiYICpeneHHlIT H Haii-ICpaCHBHlIT OT BCHqICH rpa,Il;OBe npa XeMYC, 06ICp1>)f(eH C1>C 3,1l;paBH cTeHH, npecesea OT MaJIICa pexa H asrpajrea aa B1>pXa aa eznra BHCOqHHa"l. Cnopen Teonop CKYTa-

38

pHOT "TOBa e Haii-3a6eJIe)f(HTeJIHHlIT OT rpanosere na XeMYC no 3,1l;paBHHa H H3BeCTHOCT, pa3nOJIO)f(eH aa IIJIaHHHa H 3ao6HKOJIeH B Kp1>r OT pexa"", B "nOXBaJIHO CJIOBO aa EBTHMHii" Tparopaa U;aM6JIaK Ka3Ba: "MecTonOJIO)f(eHHeTO My e TaICOBa, qe M1>qHO 6H ce 3aBJIa,ll;1lJI, 3arn;OTO OCBeH CDC CTeHH, ,Il;OCTaT1>qHO e sanrarea npapozmo. "3 3a KpenOCTHTe aa

o 75 150 225

1

.06p. 1. Il nau Ita cpeouoeexoenun "pad TbpH060. Fig. 1. Plan de /a ville medievale de Tarnovo

T'bPHOBO cnoxreaasa rrpes 1385 r. H Ilerep Illnapnay, xoirro name: "TOBa e aaii-yspeneHHRT rpazr, KOHTO :;i-~RX B Ta3H crpaaa.":'

C'bXpaHHJI BeJIHqH(',O aa CBOHTe KpenOCTHH CTpaHH, MaKap H B pyHHH, T'bPHOBO npozrsn)l(HJI zta BneqaTJIRBa H npea BeKOBeTe na OCMaHCKOTO BJIa,ll;HqeCTBO. CBe,ll;eHHR 3a Hero ,ll;aBaT npes XVII BeK TypCKHRT reorparp Xazrxa Kampa 5 H CO<pHHCKHRT KaTOJIHqeCKH enncxon Ilersp Borztan naKWHq6, KOHTO nOCeTHJI rpana na 20 cerrrexrspa 1640 r. KpaTKH H3BeCTHR sa YKpenHTeJIHaTa CHCTeMa na T'bPHOBO C'b06maBaT nO-K'bCHO H ztpyra yqeHH H n'bTeWeCTBeHHQH.

Bsnpocur sa YCTPOHCTBOTO aa xpenocraara CHCTeMa na CTOJIHQaTa na BTOPOTO 6'bJIrapCKO uapcrso e 3aHHMaBaJI MHoro HaWH yseaa". nO,ll;p06HH ortacanna na xpenocrmrre CTeHH H csoptoseuaxra K'bM TRX e HanpaBHJI B HaqaJIOTO ua HaWHR BeK Kapen IIIKopnHJI8. napaJIeJIHO C OKOJIOBP'bCTHHTe CTeHH, KOHTO otirpaxnar r JIaBHHTe xpenocrn - Llapeseu H Tpanesaua, TOH pasrnexna H uanpexaare xpenocrmr 3H,ll;OBe, KOHTO ce cnycxana no CKJIOHOBeTe aa Te3H zrsa X'bJIMa zto 6peroBeTe na p. JlHTpa. IIIKopnHJI npaexra, 'Ie 're ca HMaJIH npezmaaaaseaae zta yspensr paiiona na CTOJIHqHHR rpan, pa3nOJIO)l(eH B TRXHOTO nonaoxae. Jlancara ofiaxe na CHCTeMHH apxeoJIOrHqeCKH npoyxaauas He My e n03BOJIHJIa zta XB'bPJIH nOBeqe CBeTJIHHa B'bpXy B'bnpOCa 3a

YCTPOHCTBOTO H XpOHOJIOrHRTa aa aanpexaare KpenOCTHH 3H,ll;OBe, KOHTO npe,ll;CTaBJIRBaT zton'bJIHHTeJIHa YKpenHTeJIHa CHCTeMa aa CTOJIHqHHR rpazt.

B T03H CMHC'bJI 3HaqHTeJIHO nosexe HH<p0PMaQHRe csfipaaa rrpes 1960 r. npa apxeonorHqeCKOTO npoyxaane na IO)I(HaTa nanpesaa xpenocrna CTeHa na Llapeaeu". OCBeH TOqHHTe pa3MepH H xapaKTepa Ha rpa,ll;e)l(a.e YCTaHOBeHO csuto, 'Ie K'bM sanannoro (B'bHWHOTO) JIHQe aa T03H xpenocren 3H,ll; e 6HJIa ztoneneaa H qeTHpH'br'bJIHa KyJIa. CpemynOJIO)l(HO aa T03H 3H,ll;, OT cenep K'bM pexara, ce cnycxan csnto TaK'bB aanpexea 3H,ll;, aa KOHTO naaar CBe,ll;eHHR K. IIIKopnHJI H AJI. PaweHoB10. K'bM Hero e HMaJIO zrae qeTHpH'br'bJIHH 60HHH KyJIHII. K. IIIKopnHJI csofimasa H aa rrpyr aanpesea KpenOCTeH 3H,ll; no ceaepnaa CKJIOH aa X'bJIMa Llapesen.

Ilpes 1981-1982r. 6e npoysen B ,ll;OJIHaTa CH xacr nanpesen KpenOCTeH 3H,ll;, KOHTO ce cnYCKaJI OT H3TOqHHR CKaJIeH BeHeQ na X'bJIMa Tpaneamta B nOCOKa K'bM p. JlHTpa cpeuty ,ll;HeWHHR BJIa,ll;HWKH MOCTI2. B ropnara CH qaCT T03H 3H,ll; e onacaa OT K. IIIKOpnHJII3. K'bM ceBepHOTO (T. e. B'bHWHOTO) My JIHQe e pasxpara seraptrsrunaa xy JIa, qHHTO cesepen 3H,ll; e 3HaqHTeJIHO y,ll;e6eJIeH.

Ilpn npoyxaanero na MaHaCTHpCKHR KOMnJIeKC BeJIHKaTa naspa "CB. qeTHpH,ll;eCeT M'bqeHHQH" e OTKpHTa COJIH,ll;Ha KpenOCTHa CTeHa C urecr KyJIH, KORTO cneztaa JIeBHR fipar na p. JlHTpa. Tpaneaa e OT enpa, nOJIy06pa-

39

60TeHH KaMbHHI4. AT. Ilonos H3Ka3a MHeHHeTO 3a HaJIHqHe Ha "nbpBH oT6paHHTeJIeH nose", pa3nOJIO)l(eH no nopexaero na pexara, KOJfTO e cBbp3BaJI 'uanpesnare xpenocraa 3H)1.0Be B e)1.HHHa <pOpTH(J>HKa~HOHHa CHCTeMa IS. Csmara reaa ce nonxpens H OT M. Xap- 60Ba16.

HOBopa3KpHTaTa xpenocrna CTeHa npn MaHacTHpa "CB. lIeTHpH)1.eCeT MbqeHH~H" ce CBbp3Ba CbC CBe)1.eHHeTO, KoeTO ztasa .LI.oMeHTHaH B )l(HTHeTO aa CB. Casa Cpb6cKH, B nacazca, KOJfTO ce OTHaCH aa noceutenaero H CMbpTTa na cnereua B CTOJIH~aTa TbPHOBO npes 1235 r. TaM ce Ka3Ba, 'Ie MO~HTe aa CB. Caaa 6HJIH norpefiaaa "B ~bPKBaTa "CB. lIeTHpH)1.eCeT MbqeHH~H" npa pexa ETbP, B HOBHH rpan, B MHCTOTO, aapeseno TbPHOBO"17. TpH6Ba ofiane aenaara na oT6eJIe)l(HM, 'Ie onpezteneaaero "HOB rpan" e yrrorpeoeao e)1.HHCTBeHO B rrpermca OT )l(HTHeTO aa CB. Casa, H3Aa)1.eH OT .LI.aHHqHq B 1866 r. B zrpyraa n03HaT HH nperrac, H3)1.a)1.eH Cb~O OT .LI.aHHqHq npea 1860 r., npa onHCBaHeTO aa nOCOqeHOTO cb6HTHe OT 1235 r. onpenenenaero "HOB rpazt" JIHnCBa 18.

.LI.aHHHTe OT HOBHTe apXeOJIOrHqeCKH npoyqBaHHH B nO)1.HO)l(HeTO aa XbJIMa Tpanesana H npenaaapaaero aa pe3YJITaTHTe OT zroceraurHHTe pasxonxa )1.aBaT Bb3MO)l(HOCT cpannaTeJIHO nO-nbJIHO H nO-TOqHO zta ce H3HCHH KapTHHaTa Ha )1.0nbJIHHTeJIHaTa YKpenHTeJIHa CHCTeMa na CTOJIH~aTa, a Cb~O na ce XBbPJIH onpezrerrena CBeTJIHHa BbPXY nOCJIe)1.0BaTeJIHOCTTa na HeHHOTO asrpaxnaae.

Harepec npe)1.CTaBJIJlBa aa rrspso MHCTO BbnpOCbT sa npenaaaaaseaaero aa )1.0nbJIHHTeJIHO H3rpa)1.eHHTe aanpesna KpenOCTHH 3H)1.0Be. Te 6e3 CbMHeHHe TpH6BaJIO zta yxpensr paHOHHTe OT CTOJIHqHHH rpan, pa3nOJIO)l(eHH B nO)1.HO)l(HHTa aa Llapeseu H Tpanesana. KoraTO TbPCHM 3aJIO)l(eHHH B THXHOTO H3rpa)l(ztane H BKJIlOqBaHe B ofiutara .xpenocraa CHCTeMa CMHCbJI, TpH6Ba zta H3XO)1.HM OT caMOTO YCTPOHCTBO na CTOJIHqHHH rpan. TOH e 6HJI pa3nOJIO)l(eH npea XII-XIV B. BbPXY XbJIMOBeTe Llapesen H Tpaneaaua, B THXHOTO nO)1.HO)l(He no )1.BaTa 6pHra aa p. ..sIHTpa, a Cb~O H no 3ana)1.HHH CKJIOH aa XbJIMa MOMHHa xpenocr. Taxa )1.BeTe rJIaBHH yxperrena aapa aa rpana-s-Llapeaeu H Tpaneaaua-s-ca 6HJIH pa3)1.eJIeHH OT resantara Me)l()1.y THX pexa, HeHHoTo nope-rae B T03H ysacr'sx )1.0 H3BeCTHa crenea e oTcJIa6BaJIO UIXHOTO B3aHMO)1.eHCTBHe. Ho Ta3H YH3BHMOCT e casro npHBH)1.Ha, TbH KaTO ysacrsxvr B nO.llHO)l(HeTO Me)l()J.y )1.BaTa XbJIMa He MO)l(e )1.a ce CMJlTa aa cJIa60 3BeHO B YKpenHTeJIHaTa CHCTeMa na CTOJIH~aTa TbpHOBO. no MHeHHeTO aa M. Xap60Ba "npOXO)1.bT sa npoaaxsane na HenpHJlTeJIH no p . ..sIHTpa MO)l(e na 6b)1.e OXpaHJlBaH H 3a~HTeH HaH-)1.06pe OT BHCOqHHHTe, pa3nOJIO)l(~HH OT )1.BeTe CTpaHH aa pexara" H "HenpHJlTeJIJlT, HaBJIJl3bJI B TeCHHTe, npenaaaura ce BbTpeIlIHH npOCTpaHCTBa Ha Ta3H 30Ha, 06CTpeJIBaH OT

40

)1.BaTa XbJIMa, He MO)l(e na pasaae aananeaae aa IIIHpOK <PPOHT. BH3yaJIHHTe H KOMYHHKa~HOHHHTe Bpb3KH Me)K)1.y Llapesen H Tpane- 3H~a YJIecHJlBaT opranmapanero aa orfipaHaTa."19

Bb3HHKBaT 06aqe pe)1.H~a B~npOCH OKOJIO HOBOOTKpHTaTa KpenOCTHa CTeHa, YCTaHOBeHa casro npa MaHaCTHpa "CB. QeTHpH)1.eceT MbqeHH~H" H no-cnenaanno, xora H xoe e HaJIO)l(HJIO HeHHOTO asrpaxnane H MO)l(e JIH TJI na ce BKJIlOqH B 06~aTa xpenocraa CHCTeMa aa CTOJIHqHHJI rpan. .LI.aHHHTe OT apxeonoraseCKHTe pasxonxa, npOBe)1.eHH npes nOCJIe)1.HHTe rO)1.HHH B ztpyra paHOHH OT CTOJIH'fHHJI rpan, B nO)1.HO)l(HJlTa aa Ilapesen H Tpaneaaua, He nOLJ.KpenJiT MHeHHeTO sa Cb~eCTByBaHeTo aa "nbPBH oT6paHHTeJIeH nose" no 6pera aa p . ..sIHTpa.

l13BecTHO e, 'Ie onte npezta BbCTaHHeTO OT 1185r. rpazrsr nexe 6HJI pa3nOJIO)l(eH H B nO)1.HO)l(HJlTa aa )1.BaTa XbJIMa20. CbBceM He e cnysaea <paKTbT, 'Ie HMeHHO TyK, B H3TO'fHOTO nO)1.HO)l(He aa Tpanesaua, fiparsrra Acea H Iler'sp H3)1.HraT ~bPKBaTa "CB. ,l1;HMHTbp". nO-KbCHO, KOraTO TbPHOBO e sese CTOJIH~a aa BTOPOTO ~apCTBO, B Ta3H 'faCT Ha rpa)1.a ce asrpaxnar ~bPKBHTe: "CB. Teopra", "CB. Ilerxa", "CB. qeTHpH.lleceT MbqeHH~H" C MaHaCTHp KbM aea, "CB. BOrOpO)1.H~a TeMHHIIIKa", "CB. AnocToJIH Ilersp H ITaBeJI", "CB. l1BaH PHJICKH", a e Bb3MO)l(HO na e HMaJIO H ztpyra ~bPKBH H MaHaCTHpH.

Ha T03H eTan aa apXeOJIOrHqeCKHTe npoysBaHHJI H npH cpaBHHTeJIHO OCKb)1.HHTe )1.aHHH, KOHTO HH )1.aBaT nHCMeHHTe H3BOPH, e see orne TPY)1.HO zta Ka)l(eM KaKBa e 6HJIa CTpYKTypaTa aa CTOJIHqHOTO "nO)1.rpa.llHe" H KaKBa pOJIJI e HrpaJIO. TO B )l(HBOTa aa TbPHOBO npes XII-XIVB.

KaKTO aese nOCO'fHXMe, OT nanpesnare KpenOCTHH 3H)1.0Be HaH-~JIOCTHO ca npoysena )1.BaTa 3H)1.a, KOHTO ce cnYCKaT no IO)l(HHJI H ceBepHHJI CKJIOH na Ilapeseu, CpaBHHTeJIHO )1.06pe, MaKap If caxso B )1.0JIHaTa My sacr, e npoysea H nanpesaas KpenOCTeH 3H)J., KOHTO ce cnycxa no H3TOqHHJI CKJIOH na Tpanesaua. ITpaBH anesarneaae He casro CXO)1.HHJlT rpaaex na nOCOqeHHTe TpH 3H)1.a, HO Cb~O H TJlXHOTO e)1.HaKBO YCTPOHCTBO . .LI.0 BbHIIIHHTe JIH~a na )1.BaTa OT TJlX - B IO)l(HHJI CKJIOH aa Ilapeaeu H H3TOqHHJI CKJIOH na Tpanesaua, ce H3)1.HraJIH qeTHpHbrbJIHH KYJIH. C KyJIa e 3aBbpIUBaJI aanpesnaar KpenOCTeH 3H)1., KOHTO ce cnYCKaJI no 3ana)1.HHJI CKJIOH aa Tpanesana, a )1.Be qeTHpHbrbJIHH KyJIH e HMaJIO H KbM aanpesHaTa KpenOCTHa CTeHa no ceBepHHJI CKJIOH Ha Llapesen, KOJITO aanoxsa Me)l()J.y sropara H 'rperara nopra aa rJIaBHHJI BXO)1.. BCHqKO TOBa nOKa3Ba, 'Ie HaH-BepOJlTHO nanpesanre xpenOCTHH 3H)1.0Be ca 6HJIH H3rpa)1.eHH e)1.HOBpeMeHHO H B TJlX e 6HJI BJIO)l(eH e)J.HHeH <pOpTH<pHKa~HOHeH CMHCbJI.

ITPH npoysaaaero aa ~bPKBaTa "CB . .LI.HMHTbP" H MaHaCTHpa KbM nes ce YCTaHOBH, 'Ie

re ca npeCTaHaJIU zta Cb~eCTBYBaT npea rperara 'IeTBbpT na XIII B. BCJIe)J.CTBue aa HSlKaKBO npaponno 6e)J.cTBue (aaa-aepoarno aesrerpeceaae ).

Ome B Ha'laJIOTO na BeICa npn YCTaHoBSIBaHeTO na aanpesaas xpenocrea 3U)J. no U3TO'lHUSI CICJIOH na Tpanesaua (B aeroaara ropna xacr) K. lIIICOpnUJI U3ICa3Ba MHeHue, 'Ie trspxnara "CB. AUMUTbP" e OCTaHaJIa U3BbH 'IepTUTe aa YKpeneHOTO nO)J.HO)KUe. T03u <t>aKT aasrapa CBoeTO 06S1CHeHue e)J.UHCTBeHO B )J.onYCICaHeTO, 'Ie npa U3rpa)K)J.aHeTO aa ztorrsnHUTeJIHaTa YICpenUTeJIHa CUCTeMa Ta3U irspxsa sese He e 6uJIa )J.eHCTBa~a.

MCTOpU'IeCKaTa pOJISI na QbpICBaTa "CB.

AUMUTbP" B peJIUrU03HUSI U )J.bp)KaBHUSI )KUBOT na TbpHOBO npes rrspnare )J.eceTUJIeTUSI na BTOPOTO QapcTBO, HeHHUSIT apxarexrypen Tun U fiorarara Ii BbHIlIHa U BbTpeIlIHa yxpaca Ii OTpe)K)J.aT MSiCTO na ezraa OT HaH-3Ha'lUMUTe QbPKBU B CTOJIU'IHUSI rpan. ETO sauro 6u 6UJIO raspne HenpaB)J.ono)J.06HO na ce npaesse, 'Ie npa U3rpa)K)J.aHeTO aa )J.on'bJIHUTeJIHaTa CUCTeMa OT Hanpe'lHU ICpenOCTHU 3U)J.OBe TH He e 6uJIa BKJIIO'IeHa B 'IepTUTe aa YICpeneHOTO nO)J.HO)KUe.

Cnopen AT. Ilonos 30HaTa no )J.BaTa 6pSlra aa RHTpa e napeseaa OT AOMeHTuaH "HOB rpan", ,,3aIllOTO ,lJ;OnbJIHUTeJIHO, CJIe,lJ; yxpenSiBaHeTO na Ilapesen U . Tpanesaua, 6UJIU asrpazteaa KpenOCTHU CTeHU OTICbM RHTpa U ce O<t>OPMUJIO TOBa yxpeneao MSlCTO"21.

TIpOY'IBaHUSITa aa aanpexaara CTeHa B U3TO'IHOTO nO,lJ;HO)KUe aa Tpanesaua He,lJ;BYCMUCJIeHO nOICa3BaT, 'Ie Ta3U ,lJ;onbJIHUTeJIHa KpenOCTHa CUCTeMa e 6uJIa asrpaneaa HaHpano CJIe,lJ; TpeTaTa 'IeTBbpT aa XIII B., ICoraTO aese QbpICBaTa "CB. AUMUTbP" e 6uJIa paspymeaa. Taxa JIOrU'IHO nocrarasre )J.o Bbnpoca, ICaICBO e UMaJI npeztaart AOMeHTuaH B QUTUpaaas seae nacax OT )KUTUeTO aa CB. Caaa, xoraro e UCKaJI )J.a JIOKaJIU3Upa QbpICBaTa "CB. qeTUpH.D.eceT Mb'leHUQU" B 'IepTUTe aa CTOJIU'IHUJI rpan,

Cnopen AT. Ilonos nanpesaare xpenocraa 3u,lJ;OBe ca UMaJIU <t>opTu<t>UICaQUOHeH CMUCbJI U nbJIHoQeHHo ca ce BICJIIO'IBaJIU B CTOJIU'IHaTa orfipaaa e,lUlHCTBeHo, aICO ca caspaana C OKOJIOBPbCTHU xpenocrna crena, onacsama nO,lJ;HO)KUSITa aa nsara XbJIMa22. Taxa TOH npaexra no aHaJIOfUJI aa orxpnrara npa MaHacTupa "CB. qeTUpH,lJ;eceT Mb'leHuQu" xpenocraa CTeHa U npennonaraesrara Ii Bpb3ICa C nanpesaare xpenocraa 3U,lJ;OBe aa Ilapeseu, 'Ie no CbIllUSI Ha'lUH e 6uJIa ycrpoeaa U xperrocrnara CUCTeMa na Tpane3UQa23, 6e3 see orne aa TOBa ,lJ;a UMa HSlICaICBU ICOHICpeTHU nO)J.aTKu.

BbnpoCHaTa ICpenocTHa CTeHa ce HaMupa casro B e,lJ;UH Y'IaCTbIC, pa3nOJIO)KeH TbKMO Me)K)J.Y ztsere CUJIHU ICpenOCTu - Ilapesen U Tpanesaua. CJIe,lUl OT aes He ca OTICPUTU npa npOY'IBaHeTO aa IO)KHUSI aanpesea ICpenOCTeH 3U,lJ;, HUTO aa ,lJ;PYfU MeCTa B nO,lJ;HO)KUeTO aa

6 ApXeOJIOrHJI, 4, 1988 r.

Llapeneu OT cesep, U3TOK U tor, Kb)J.eTO 'IeCTO ce npaBSIT ,lJ;bJI60ICU U3Konu 3a HY)K,lJ;UTe Ha CbBpeMeHHOl'O CTpOUTeJICTBO. Taxasa CTeHa He e OTKpUTa U npa npOY'IBaHUSITa B nO,lJ;HO)KUeTO aa Tpanesaua. \~:h csurecrseao saaseaae npn onpenensae pOJI'lTa aa nocoseaara KpenOCTHa CTeHa e U <t>aICTbT, 'Ie B IO)KHa nOCOICa TSI He ce CBbp3Ba C nanpesnns KpenOCTeH 3U,lJ;, ICOHTO ce cnycxa no ceBepHUJI CKJIOH aa Ilapeseu, 3ana)J.HO OT r JIaBHUSI BXO,lJ;24.

HHICOU OT IlIeCTTe KYJIU ICbM HOBOOTKPU'rara KpenOCTHa CTeHa B paaoaa aa MaHaCTHpa "CB. qeTupU)J.eceT Mb'leHUQU" cnopen npoysBaTeJISI UMaT nO)J.KOBo06pa3Ha <t>opMa2 s. 3a nOCJIe,lJ;HUTe CMe nO-CKJIOHHU zta npueMeM onpe,lJ;eJISIHeTO UM OT A. AHfeJIoB KaTO U- 06pa3HuZ6• KYJIUTe C TaKbB nJIaH ca xapaxTepHU sa eztna MHoro no-panna enoxa-", a OCBeH TOBa KpenOCTHU CbOpb)KeHUSI OT T03U Tun He ca 6uJIU CTpoeHU B CTOJIUQaTa TbpHoB028.

B HSiKOJIKO nopezma HaY'IHU cb06I1leHUSI, B KOUTO ce 3aCSIra np06JIeMbT aa T. Hap. "HOB rpan" U nO-TO'lHO sa paaxparara OKOJIOBPbCTna ICpenOCTHa crena, AT. Ilonos cu CJIY)KU C pa3JIU'IHU TUnOJIOfU'IHU onpeneneaaa OTHOCHO npnnexaunrre Ii ICYJIU29, npu KoeTO ca CMeceHU Ha3BaHUSITa ~ nO)J.KOBo06pa3HU, noJIYKPbrJIU, KpbrJIU U T. H. Tesa pa3HOBU,lJ;HU no <t>opMa KYJIU ca xapaxrepaa sa xpenocruoro CTpOUTeJICTBO npea pa3JIU'IHU UCTOpU'IeCICU enoxu. KaTO pe3YJITaT OT TOBa ca npasezteaa pezmua HeTO'lHU napanena!", ICOUTO ca ,lJ;OBeJIU )J.O TBbp,lJ;e HeTO'lHa OICOH'IaTeJIHa ,lJ;aTUpOBKa na npoyseaara xpenocrna CTeHa 31. Hanocne,lJ;bK C OTHaCSIHeTO aa CTeHaTa ICbM X~XI B. np06JIeMbT sa "HOBUJI rpan" aanoxaa zta U3rJIe)K,lJ;a orne nO-HeU3S1CHeH, KaTO csmeBpeMeHHo npe,lJ;CTaBaTa HU 3a Hero ce OT)J.anesaaa OT OTb)K,lJ;ecTBSlBaHeTO My C pa3ICpUTaTa YKpenUTeJIHa CUCTeMa OICOJIO MaHaCTupa "CB. qeTupU,lJ;eCeT Mb'leHUQU".

OTHOCHO ,lJ;aTUpOBKaTa U CMUCbJIa aa Ta3U KpenOCTHa CTeHa UHTepec npe,lJ;CTaBJISIBa o~e e,lJ;UH Bbnpoc. TOH ce OTHacSi ,lJ;0 CTbJI6u~eTO, KoeTO ce cnycxa no ceaeposanaznms CKJIOH aa Ilapeseu, cesepao OT rJIaBHUSI BXO,lJ;, ,lJ;OCTUramo B )J.OJIHaTa cu 'IaCT ,lJ;0 p. RHTpa. To e U3BeCTHO oute OT 1956r.32, a npes nOCJIe,lJ;HUTe rO,lJ;UHU 6eIlIe U3QJlJIO pa3'1UCTeHO U onacano OT AT. Ilonoa. Cnopen Hero CTbJI6u~eTO e ICOHCTPYICTlIBHO CBbp3aHO (T. e. e,lJ;HOBpeMeHHO) C ICpenOCTHaTa CTeHa no JIeBUSI 6pSlf na RHTpa33. B CJIY'IaSi ce UMa npensan Bpb3ICaTa B ,lJ;OJIHaTa My 'IaCT C TpaneQOBU,lJ;HaTa ICYJIa, ICOSITO ce aasrapa B HaH-IO)KHUJI ICpaH aa CTeHaTa.

Ille 06bpHeM BHUMaHue casro aa naa nYHICTa, ICOUTO cnopezt Hac ca OT Cb~eCTBeHO anaseaae npa U3J1CHJlBaHeTO na nOCJIe,lJ;OBaTeJIHOCTTa B U3rpa)K)J.aHeTO U pOJIJlTa aa nOCO'leHOTO csoptoseaae. B nnana na CbOPb)KeHUeT034 npasa anesarnenae ezma ocofieHOCT. JIuHuSlTa, ICOSITO MapKupa BbTpeIlIHaTa

41

CTeHa aa IOJKHHSI 3H.u na crsnfiautero, He ce csenaasaa C JlHHHSlTa, MapKHpama B'bTpemnara IOJKHa CTeHa na KYJlaTa, a ce pa3MHHaBa 'IYBCTBHTeJlHO C nea, KaTO BJlH3a B n'bJIHeJKa aa IOJKHHSI It: 3H.u:. Taxa C H3BeCTHa 'IaCT OT umpanara CH cT'bJl6HmeTO nsra B'bpXY rrsnHeJKa aa nOCO'leHHSI 3H.u. TOBa nopaxna C'bMHeHHe OTHOCHO eztaospexeeanocrra na nsere c'bOp'bJKeHHSI. B nOCO'leHHSI nnaa, a csuto U B onacanaara na KYJlaTa HSiMa .uaHHH, 'Ie B HeHHaTa B'bTpemHOcT e 6uJlo H3rpa.ueHo KP'bJKHJlO na xnaneneu, 'rasa KaKTO e ocpopMeH aanpusrep xnaneneusr B KYJlaTa aa Bo.uOCHa6- .uHTeJlHOTO C'bOp'bJKeHHe, asrpaneao B nozmoJKUeTO aa T. Hap. EaJl.uYHHOBa KYJla35.

B .uOJlHaTa 'IaCT na cT'bJl6HmeTO OCBeH HSlKOJlKO paHHOBH3aHTHHCKH aaxonxa npeo- 6J1a.uaBaT cpe.uHOBeKOBHH MaTepHaJlH OT XII-XIVB.-KepaMHKa H MOHeTH36. CnenoBaTeJlHO TOBa csoptoseaae ce SlBSIBa nO-K'bCHO OT xpenocruara CTeHa, narapana nanocnezrsx OT AT. Ilonos npes X-XI B. TOBa XpOHOJlOrH'1eCKO HeC'bOTBeTCTBHe nOKa3Ba C'bBCeM SlCHO, 'Ie naere C'bOp'bJKeHHSI ca OT pa3J1H'IHO apesre. Ho aKO see nax npHeMeM, 'Ie Te ca nse CB'bp3aHH '1aCTH aa enna ofima CPOpTH<pHKall.HOHHa CHCTeMa, TO JlOrH'IHO .uOCTHraMe no nsnpoca, HaK'b.ue e OTBeJK.uaJlO TOBa crsnfiame orne npes X-XIB.

)J;aHHTe OT apXeOJlOrH'IeCKHTe passonxa na Llapeseu nOKa3BaT, 'Ie cnen paspynraaaaero na paHHoBH3aHTHHcKaTa xpenocraa CHCTeMa xs,nM'bT e 6HJI yxpenea OTHOBO '1aK npea XIIB.37 H ce pa3BHJI KaTO MOmHa TB'bp.uuHa no BpeMeTO aa Bropara 6'bJlrapCKa .u'bpJKaBa (XIIXIV B.). Ilocoseaara XpOHOJlOrHSI B yxpenBaHeTO aa X'bJlMa 06e3CMHCJlSI H3rpaJK.uaHeTO na TaKOBa COJlH.uHO Bo.uOCHa6.uHTeJlHO C'bOP'bJKeHHe . npe3 X-XI B. Oxeeaaao HaH-npaB.uonoztofiao e na npHeMeM, 'Ie TO e aarpazreao noK'bCHO - npea CTOJlH'IHHSI nepnozt, H e 6HJlO CB'bp3aHO C HYJK.uHTe na KpenOCTTa B'bpXY X'bJlMa Llapeseu.

Pa3fJ1eJK.l{aHKH nOCO'leHOTO sonocaafinaTeJlHO C'bOp'bJKeHHe no OTHomeHHe aa aerosara .uaTHpOBKa H ponara My B yxpenarenaara CUCTeMa na CTOJlHll.aTa T'bPHOBO, TpSl6Ba zta cnpeM BHHMaHHeTO CH H B'bpXY no.u06HOTO C'bOp'bJKeHHe B nO.l{HOJKHeTO aa T. Hap. Ban.uYHHOBa KYJla. )J;BeTe ca npU6J1H3HTeJlHO e.uHaKBH no CBoeTO YCTPOHCTBO, a npeztHa3Ha'leHHeTO HM e 6HJlO ezrao H C'bmOocarypasaaero C nona aa xpenocrra Llapeseu. BTOPOTO Bo.uOCHa6.uHTeJlHO csopssceaae cnopen B. B"bJlOB ztarapa OT HaqaJlOTO na XIV B. 38

Heyfiezrarenao e TB'bp.ueHHeTO, 'Ie '1aCT OT MaCHBHaTa KpenOCTHa CTeHa C KYJlHTe K"bM HeSi e H3nOJl3YBaHa KaTO 3ana.ueH orpa.ueH 3H.u Ha MaHaCTHpa39. HaHcTHHa KHJlHHTe B ceBepHHSI .uBOP ca noneneaa no aea, HO He e carypno .uaJlH B'bB BHCO'lHHa TSI e 6HJla 3ana3eHa H H3nOJl3YBaHa C uanara CH .ue6eJIHHa.B'bpxy CTeHaTa e nsrpazteaa H sanazraara upacrpoaxa MaB30JleH aa rrspxsara "CB. qeTHpH.ueceT

42

M'b'leHHll.H". TOBa Hail-BepOSITHO e nanpaseno B T'bpCeHeTo aa snpaaa OCHOBa aa 3ana.l{HHSI 3H.u aa MaB30JleSi H e C'bBCeM O'leBH.uHO, 'Ie no TOBa BpeMe CTeHaTa e 6HJla H30CTaBeHa Be'le KaTO KpenOCTHO C'bOp'bJKeHHe. C'bC ~T'bnBaHeTO CU B'bpXY CTeHaTa MaB30JleJlT SlBHO SI npexscaa, a He, KaKTO ce TB'bp.uu40, 'Ie H Toil ce BKJllO'IBaJl KaTO CPOpTHcpHKall.HOHeH enesrear.

AKO OTHOBO ce B'bpHeM na onacaaaero, KoeTO HHKHTa XOHHaT npaaa aa T'bPHOBO B CBOSITa "l1cTopHSI", TpSl6Ba na nozrrepraexr e.uHH 6e3cnopeH cpaKT - B Hero HJlMa H HaMeK sa TOBa, 'Ie nonrpaaaero e 6HJlO yxpeneno. Toil name, 'Ie rpazrsr e ,,06Kp"bJICeH C"bC sopaeu cmeuu, npecesen om MaAKa pexa U usepaoeu na espxa na eona eucouuua" (KYPC. MOH-M. P.). JlCHO e oT6eJlSl3aHO, 'Ie B xpas na XII B. ca GHJlH yxpenena casso 6HJlaTa aa X'bJlMOBeTe Llapeseu H Tpaneaaua, Csmare .uaHHH ce cszrspxar H B nOCO'leHOTO Be'le H3BeCTHe aa Teonop CKYTapHoT.

CBe.ueHHSlTa aa rrsreurecrsenana aa T'spHOBO OT BpeMeTO aa OCMaHCKOTO ananasecrao, a csmo raxa H no.uP06HOTO onacanae aa rpana, KoeTO K. mKOpnHJI e HanpaBHJI B Ha'laJlOTO na HamHSI BeK, B 06mH JlHHHH ce nOKpHBaT C zmeunnrre HH npencrasa, norrsnHeHH C pe3YJlTaTHTe OT apXeOJlOrH'IeCKHTe pasxonxa. Enaa JlH MOJKe na ce ztonycae, 'Ie PYHHHTe aa TaKOBa 3Ha'lHTeJlHO KpenOCTHO C'bOp'bJKeHHe KaTO T. Hap. "n'bpBH oT6paHH'rerrea nose" aa Llepeaeu H Tpanesaua, pa3nOJlOJKeH B TeXHHTe no.uHOJKHJI, ca 6HJlH .uOTaM 3aJlH'IeHH H CKPHTH, mOTO zta yfiertrar OT TeXHHSI nornen H nopa orne rroaeae-e-or naxrerra aa T'bPHOBCKOTO aacerrenae, aa zta ce rosopa cera, 'Ie Ta3H 'IaCT OT "CTOJlU'IHaTa CPOpTHcpHKall.HSI" e BC'bmHOCT ezmo apxeonorH'IeCKO OTKpHTHe41.

11 nee nax OCTaBa OTKpHT B'bnpOC'bT, KaKBO TO'lHO e HMaJI npezraazt )1.oMeHTHaH C onpezteJleHHeTO "HOB rpan" B nOCO'leHOTO JKHTHe na CB. Caaa.

)J;aTHpaHeTO na HOBOOTKpHTaTa KpenOCTHa CTeHa npea X-XI B. osaaxasa, 'Ie XpOHOJlOrH'IeCKH, oraeceaa K'bM xpenocrrrre na IlapeBell. H Tpanesaua, TSI B HHKaK'bB CJlY'IaH He e HOBa.

no H3J10JKeHHTe sese C'b06paJKeHHSI )J;OMeHTHaH He 6H M6r'bJI zta HMa B 1235 r. npensan CHCTeMaTa- OT nanpesna KpenOCTHH 3H.uOBe, 3amOTO 're ce nOSlBSIBaT nO-K'bCHO.

CBe.ueHHSlTa, .uOCTHrHaJlH zro Hac sa JKHTHenHCll.HTe na CB. Casa - )J;OMeHTHaH H Teo.uOCHH Xaneaaapeu, ca TB'bp.ue 6e.uHH H OTK'bCJle'lHH. Taxa aanpmsep aa JKHBOTa aa Teonocaa He MOJKe zta ce KaJKe nO'lTH HHmO. He ce saae ztopa, xora TO'lHO e JKHBSlJI- B cpenara HJlH B xpas aa XIII B.42 3a )J;oMeHTHaH csuto TaKa ce anae C'bBCeM MaJlKO. EM. Teopraes rrpaesra, 'Ie MOJKe 6H Toil He e npsx Y'IeHHK aa CB. Caaa, a ce aapasa TaK'bB, 3amOTO ce BKJllO'IBa B 'rpamnrasra, C'b3.ua.ueHa OT Her043. HSiMa HHKaKBO H3BeCTHe, 'Ie

)l(HTHenHCUHTe aa CB. Casa ca nOCeLUaBaJIH TbpHOBO. 3aTOBa nO-BepOSlTHO e zta npezmoJIO)l(HM 06paTHOTO-'Ie re naxora He ca BH)I(,n;aJIH CTOJIHuaTa Ha BTOPOTO 6bJIrapcKO

'u.apCTBO. O'leBH,n;HO e 6HJIO TPy,n;HO na )l.oMeHTHaH, JIOKaJIH3HpaHKH uspxaara "CB. l.JeTHpanecer Mb'leHHUH", na ce opaearnpa KOCBeHO B H 6e3 TOBa CJIO)l(HOTO YCTPOHCTBO aa TbpHOBo. RBHO TOH He e OT,n;eJIHJI nonao)l(HeTO OT 'IepTHTe aa YKpeneHHJI rpan, BKJIIO'IBaHKH ro KaTO CBbp3BaLUO 3BeHO na nsere OCHOBHH xpenocra. Taxa non onpertenenaero "HOB rpan" )l.oMeHTHaH HaH-BepOJITHO e HMaJI npeztaan enaaaara TepHTOpHJI aa CHJIHO yspeneHHJI rpan TbpHOBo, csaaanea KaTO HOBa CTOJIHua Ha Bb3CTaHOBeHaTa 6bJIrapcKa ,n;bP)l(aBa, casro 50 roztaaa npezra nOCO'leHOTO cb6HTHe.

Ho KaKbB e 6HJI q,0pTHqlHKaUHoHHHSlT CMHCbJI Ha ,n;onbJIHHTeJIHO H3rpa,n;eHHTe Hanpe'lHH KpenOCTHH 3H,n;OBe. B rOpHHJI CH KpaH 're ca 3anO'lBaJIH OT KpenOCTHHTe CTeHH no CKaJIHHTe BeHUH aa Ilapeseu H Tpanesaua, a B ,n;OJIHHJI CH KpaH ca ,n;OCTHraJIH p. RHTpa. 06CTOSlTeJICTBOTO, 'Ie npes cpe,n;HOBeKOBHeTO pexara e 6HJIa nO-nbJIHOBo,n;Ha44, JI npesp'surano B 3Ha'lHTeJIHO BO,n;80 npensrcraae. TJI saenao C ,n;OCTHraLUHTe no ues aanpexaa xpenocrna 3H,n;OBe ca 06pa3YBaJIH BCbLUHOCT 3Ha'lHMa q,OPTHq,HKaunoHHa CHCTeMa, 'IHeTO npeztaasaaxeane 6HJIO na noncana ,n;onbJIHHTeJIHO eq,eKTHBHOCTTa Ha CTOJIH'IHaTa KpenocTHa cacreva, a, OT ztpyra crpana, ,n;a csanane

. COJIH,n;Ha fiapaepa CpeLUY Bb3MO)l(HOCTTa OT nbJIHO 06Ca)l(,n;aHe H H30JIHpaHe ezma OT ztpyra aa ztsere xpenocra - Ilapesen H Tpanesaua.

IO)I(HHJlT 3H,n; na CTbJI6HLUeTO zto MaHacrapa "CB. l.JeTHpH,n;eceT Mb'leHHUH" e 3Ha'lHTeJIHO y,n;e6eJIeH. TOBa nOKa3Ba, 'Ie xoraro csopiceeaaero e q,YHKUHOHHpaJIO KaTO xpenOCTeH 3H,n; (cnopezt nOCJIe,n;HHJI My npOY'IBaTeJI A. nOnOB)4S, Bee OLUe He e 6HJI H3,l1;HrHaT HaMHpaLUHJlT ce IO)I(HO OT Hero nanpexea KpenOCTeH 3H,n;. Ho npHeMaHKH, 'Ie nnere Bo,n;ocHa6,n;HTeJIHH Cbop'b)l(eHHJI aa Llapesen ca asrpaneaa B Ha'laJIOTO na XIV B., JIOrH'IHO

I H. XOHHaT. I1CTOPHlI-rI16H. T. XI. C., 1983, C. 51.

2 T. CKYTapHOT. 0630pHa xpoHHKa.-fI1611, T.

VIII. C., 1971, C. 255.

3 B. K H C e JI K 0 B. MHTPQnOJIHT Fparopaa IJ.aM6JIaK.

C., 1943, C. 63.

4 A. KY3eB. nloTenHCHH 6eJIellCKH sa 61oJ1fapcKHTe 3eMH OT 1385r.-ApxeoJIOrHlI, XII, 1970, KH. 4, C. 68, 69. 5 Xa n x a Ka n dia. PyMeJIHlI.H bOCHa.-ApXHB sa noceJIHIIUIH npoysaaaaa, I, 1938, KH. 2, C. 89.

6 11, )l, y it 'I e B. APXHB sa nocenamaa npoysaanas, II, 1939-1940, C. 188.

7 A. P a III e HOB. B103CTaHOBliBaHe aa xpenocrra .Llapeseu" B rpan BeJIHKO TlopHOBO.-fHM, VI, 1932- 1934. C., 1936,381-399; K. MHlITeB. Apxarexrypara B cpeztaosexosaa b1oJlrapHli. C., 1965, c. 135, 136; a. HHKOJIOBa H H. AHreJIOB. 101ICHa aanpesaa Kpenocraa CTeHa aa Ilapeseu. -110MBT, KH. II. Bapaa, 1964, 35~2; H. AHreJIOB. Kpenocraa CTeHH H nopra aa X10JIMa Ilapeaeu B rpan BeJIHKO TlopHOBO. -HOMBT, III. Bapaa, 1966, 1-19; H. AHreJIOB H .sf. HHJ(OJIOBa. KpenOCTHH CTeHH H J(penOCTHH C1oOplollCeHHlI aa cpenao-

TpSl6Ba na OTHeceM H3,n;HraHeTO na aanpesaare KpenOCTHH 3H,n;OBe B ezmo nO-KbCHO speve.

B H3BeCTHaTa MHHHaTlOpa J\IQ 2 OT BaTHKaHCKHSI npenac na Maaacaesara xpOHHKa aa sanea nJIaH e\.npe,n;a,n;eHo, MaKap H ,n;OCTa YCJIOBHO, H306j:ia)l(eHHe aa YKpeneHHSI rpazt Tupaoao. Ta3H MHHHaTlOpa C npaao ce CMJlTa aa ,n;eJIO aa xynoxaas, KOHTO e n03HaBaJI ztofipe npeCTOJIHHJI rpazt. OTCDCTBHeTO aa Hanpe'lHH KpenOCTHH 3H,n;OBe B TOBa CbOPb)l(eHHe JlCHO nOKa3Ba, 'Ie nOCJIe,n;HHTe ca 6HJIH H3,n;HrHaTH CJIe,n; Cb3,n;aBaHeTO na nOCO'leHHJI npenac npes 1344-1345r.46

CJIe,n; ycneunnrre 3aBOeBaTeJIHH ,n;eHcTBHSI Ha OCMaHCKHTe TYPUH npe3 nepHo,n;a 1355- 1364 r. H ocofieao CJIe,n; rOJISIMOTO HaCTbnJIeHHe aa OBJIa,n;SlBaHeTO aa TpaKHSI, 3anO'lHaJIO C H,n;BaHeTO aa MYPa)]; I (1362-1389 r.) na npeCTOJ1a, rypcxara sannaxa CTaHaJIa CbBceM ocesaexsa. Ilozt BJIaCTTa aa 3aBOeBaTeJISI nanHaJIH MHoro 6DJIrapCKH H BH3aHTHHcKH CeJIHLUa B TpaKHSI.

3a npezmpaeroro ,n;onbJIHHTeJIHO YKpeJIsane aa CTOJIHuaTa Tspaoso KaTO pe3YJITaT OT peanaa 'ra rypcxa sannaxa HaMHpaMe CBe,n;eHHSI B erma pe'l aa .ll.HMHTPHH KH,n;oH, KOSlTO ce OTHaCJI KbM 1366r.47 TOBa cseneaae HaHBepOJITHO HJIIOCTpHpa HMeHHO Cb3,n;aBaHeTO aa CHCTeMaTa OT ,n;onbJIHHTeJIHH Haqpe'lHH xpenOCTHH 3H,n;OBe.

KbM TOBa spesre ee OTHaCJlT H HJlKOH npeycrpoacrsa, a CbLUO H nsrpaxnaeero aa ,n;onDJIHHTeJIHH YKpenHTeJIHH CbOpb)l(eHHJI Ha nsopeua na Llapeseu, xpea KOHTO TOHe 6HJI nparonea aa no-npozrsnxarenaa H ediaxacua orfipaaa, nOCTpOeHO 6HJIO rOJIJlMO sonoxpaHHJIHLUe, aarpaxna ce caMOCTOSlTeJIHa xpenOCTHa CTeHa OT sanazt H enna 'IeTHpHbrbJIHa KYJIa, no,n;CHJIBa ee rJIaBHHJlT BXO,n; OT cesep+". ETo 3aLUO 70-Te rozraaa aa XIV B. ca HaHBepOJITHOTO spesre, xoraro e 6HJIa asrpaneaa ,n;onbJ1HHTeJIHaTa YKpenHTeJIHa CHCTeMa aa CTOJ1H'IHHSI rpan, HeHHoTo OCbLUeCTBSlBaHe e HaJ10)l(eHO OT ,n;HHaMH'IHHSI pa3BoH Ha nOJ1HTH'IeCKHTe cb6HTHSI H OT peannara sannaxa sa CTOJIH'IHHJI rpan.

BeJ(OBHaTa 61oJIrapcJ(a CTOJIH~a TlopHOBO. -110MBT, I, Bapna, 1962, 57-71.

8 K. IIh 0 P n H JI. nJIaH H~ crapara 610JIrapcKa CTOJIH~a BeJIHKO TlopHOBO.-I1A)l" I, 1910, c. 127 H CJI. 9 .sf. HHJ(OJIOBa H H. AHreJIOB. 101ICHa aanpesaa KpenOCTHa CTeHa ... , c. 35 H CJI.

10 K. lliICOpnHJI. IJ.HT. CO'f., C. 145; A. Pa tn e a o a, IJ.HT. CO'f., C. 398.

11 A. Il o n o s, TloPHOBCKa BeJIHKa naapa, C., 1985, C. 3.

12 Pa3KonKHTe ca npoaeneaa non PloKOBO.llCTBOTO aa asropa,

13 K. Ill s o p n a n, IJ.HT. CO'f., C. 142.

14 A. non 0 B. "HOBHlIT rpazt" B cpenaosexoaaara CTOJIH~a TlopHOBO.-BeKoBe, 1978, KH. 2, C. 7.

15 A. Il o no s, KpenOCTHaTa CHCTeMa aa cpenaoBeKOBHaTa CTOJIH~a TloPHOBrpa,ll.-BHC6, XH. 4, 1979, c. 127.

16 M. Xap60Ba. YxpeneHHlIT 61oJIrapcJ(H cpenaoBeJ(OBeH rpan XIII-XIV BeIC. C., 1979, C. 124.

17 )l, 0 M e H T H j a H. )l(HBOTH CBeTOra Case H cserora CHMeoHa. Beorpan, 1938, C. 207.

43

18 )]. 0 M e H T Hj a H. )KHBOT cserora Caae, Beorpazr, 1860, c.202. jloCO'leHOTO lKHTHe e o6Hapo)lBaHO no npenac OT XV B. 11. I1BaHoB CMlITa, 'Ie TO e aanacaao OT TeO)lOCHii, a )].aHH'IH'I norpeumo ro e OT)laJI aa )].OMeHTHaH. BlK. A. 11 BaH 0 B. 6"bJ1rapclCH CTapHHH H3 MaKe)lOHHlI. c.; 1970, c. 475.

19 M. Xap60Ba. UHT. CD'I., c. 121.

20.sf. HHKOJIOBa. KLM B'LnpOCa aa YCTpoiiCTBOTO na cpe)lHOBeKOBHHlI Tspaoarpan, - TpY)lOBe aa BTY, T. XV, KH. 3. c., 1979, c. 77; U'LpKBaTa .. CB. )].HMHT'LP" B'LB BeJIHKO T'LPHOBO. - ApXeOJIOrHlI, 1985, KH I, c. 25.

21 A. Il o n o s. KpenOCTHaTa CHCTeMa .. , c. 142.

22 Flax TaM, C. 127. BlK. CDIIlO: .. HOBHlIT rpan" B Cpe)lHOBeICOBHaTa CTOJIHua T'LPHOBO, c. 7.

23 A. Il o n o e, Kpenocraara CHCTeMa ... , 141-142; .. HOBHlIT rpazt" B Cpe)lHOBeKOBHaTa CTOJIHU8 T'LPHOBO, c. II. TOBa nonycxa H M. Xap60Ba. YKpeneHHlIT 6"bJ1- rapcxa ... , c.124; OT6paHHTeJIHH C'LOp'LlKeHHlI B 6"bJ1rapCKOTO cpenaoaexosxe. c., 1981, c. 177.

24 A. non 0 B. T'LpHOBClCa BeJIHlCa naspa, c. 3 H nOCO'leHHlIT nJIaH na c. 12. BlK. CDIIlO: H. AHreJIOB, A. non 0 B. Llapesrpan T'LPHOB. n'LTeBO)lHTeJI, 1985, c. 13 H nOCO'leHHlIT nJIaH aa c. 15.

23 A. non 0 B. T'LpHOBCKaTa .. BeJIHlCa JIaBpa".- 11611)]., T. XXXIII, 1980, c. 85.

26,)].. A H r e JI 0 B. Ilon He6eTo aa BeJIHICHli T'LPHOB. - B-IC BeJIHKO T'LPHOBO, HoeMBPH 1985, C. 10. BlK.:

A. non 0 B. T'LpHOBCKa BeJIHlCa naspa, c. 13, 06p. I. 27)].. OB'IapOB. BH3aHTHiiCKH H 6"bJ1rapcKH spenOCTH V-X BeK. C., 1982, c.44.

28 C. F'e o p r a e s a.B. HHKOJIOBa H H. AHreJIOB.

ApXHTeKTypaTa aa ztaopeua. - Ilapesrpan T'LPHOB, T. I, C., 1973, 68-70, 75 H npHJIOlKeHHe 4 aa c. 149; H. A H r e JI 0 B. Ilarpaapuiecsasr 1C0MnJIeICC aa Ilapeaeu npes XII-XIV BeIC.-UapeBrp8Jl T'LPHOB. T. 3. C, 1980, c. 53, 56--57, npHJIOlKeHHe 4 aa c. 21 H npHJIOlKeHHe 5 aa c. 24. 11 B naara nOCO'leHH 1C0MnJIeICCa npes n'LpBHlI HM CTpoHTeJIeH nepaoa ca C'LlIlecTBYBaJIH Kp'LrJIH lCyJIH, ICOHTO csmeapeMeHHO ce pa3JIH'IaBaT no CBOli MaH OT ICYJIHTe aa ICpenOCTHaTa CTeHa no JIeBHlI 6pllr aa pexa .sfHTpa H He MoraT na 6'L)laT npaaexaaxa lCaTO THnOJIOrH'IeH napanen,

29 KPbZAU- T'LpHOBCKa BeJIHlCa naspa, c. 4; T'LpHOBCKaTa .. BeJIHKa naapa". - UapCTBYBalIlHlIT rpan T'LpHOB. C., 1985, c.1I6; Ilooxoeootipamu=« YlCpeneH BO)lOcHa6)lHTeJIeH npoxon OT Llapeseu no pen .sfHTpa. - MnK, 1985, ICH. 3, c. 15; llOAYKPbzAu-I1BaH-AceHeBHlIT MaHaCTHp .. BeJIHlCaTa naspa" B T'LPHOB.-KYJITypaTa aa cpe)lHOBeKOBHHlI T'bPHOB. C., 1985, c. 20; AceHoBUH H .. HOBHlIT rpan" B T'bPHOBO.-BeKoBe, 1985, ICH. 4, C. 6; T'bpHOBCKaTa .. BeJIHKa naspa". BeJIHICO T'bPHOBO B HCTOpH'IecKaTa CD)l6a aa 6"bJ1rapclCHli aapon, BeJIHICO T'LPHOBO, 1985, C. 64; llOAYKPbZAU (nodK06oo6pa3Hu)T'bpHOBClCaTa .. BeJIHKa rraspa". -11~11)]., T. XXXIII, 1980, c. 85; .. HOBHlIT rpazr" B cpe)lHOBeICOBHaTa CTOJIHua T'bPHOBO, c. 8.

30 A. non 0 B. AceHOBUH H .. HOBHlIT rpaa" B T'bPHOBO, C. 6. ABTOP'bT e nOCO'lHJI lCaTO napanen

Kp'brJIHTe KyJIH OT )lBOPUOBHlI H narpaapmecxas KOMnJIeKC aa Llapesen B T'LPHOBO (BlK. 6eJI. 28), a CDIIlO H UHJIHH)lpH'IHHTe KyJIH OT CaMYHJIOBaTa xperrocr B OxPH)l- BlK. K. M H 1I T e B. ApXHTeKTypaTa ... , 42-43.

31 A. Il o n o s. AceHOBUH H .. HOBHlIT rpaa" ... , c. 6.

OTHOCHO paHH06'bJIrapcKaTa q,OpTHq,lIlCaUHlI BlK.: )].. o B 'I a p 0 B. BH3aHTHiicICH H 6'bJIrapcKH IC~OCTH ... , c. 125, H 127.

32.sf. H H IC 0 JI 0 B a. I1CTOPHli aa apXeOJIOrH'IecICHTe npoyssaaaa aa Ilapeseu. -l..\apeBrp8Jl T'LPHOB. T. I. C; 1973, c. 25.

33 A. non 0 B. YlCpeneH BO)lOCHa6)lHTeJleH npoxoa ... , c. 15.

34 Flax TaM.

35 B. B'bJIOB. BO)lOCHa6)lJ1BaHeTO aa cpezmoaeKOBHHTe 6'bJIrapclCH rpanose H ICpenOCTH (VII-XIV B.). - ApXeOJIOrHlI, 1977, KH. I, c. 16 H 06p. 1 6, B, c.17-06p. 26.

36 A. non 0 B. Pa3ICOnICH aa .. BeJIHlCaTa naspa" B'bB BeJIHICO T'LPHOBO. - ApXeOJIOrH'IecICH OTlCpHTHli H pas- 1C0nICH npes 1982r. nJIeBeH, 1983, 117-118. npe3 CJIe)lBaIIlHTe apXeOJIOrH'IecICH ce30HH He ca npOBelKJlaHH rrosese apXeOJIOrH'IecICH pa3KonICH B nOCO'feHHlI Y'laCT'L1C H CJIe)lOBaTeJIHO He e OTlCpHBaH HOB narapam MaTepHaJI. BlK.: A. non 0 B. Pa31C0nICH aa .. BeJIHKaTa naapa" B'bB B. T'LPHOBO. - ApXeOJIOrH'IecKH OTKpHTHli H pa3ICOnICH npes 1983 r. CMOJIlIH, 137-138; Pa31C0nICH aa MaHacTHpa .. BeJIHlCaTa JIaBpa".-ApxeoJIOrH1fecICH OTlCpHTHli H pas- 1C0nICH !!pc3 1984r. CJIHBeH, 1985, 213-214.

37 n. AJIeICCHeB. ApXeOJIOrH'fecICH rrpoyseaaaa B T'LpHOBrp8Jl.-MnK, 1985, ICH. 3, C. 8; H. AHreJIOB. KpenOCTHH CTeHH H nopTH Ha X"bJ1Ma Ilapeeeu ... , 18-19; M. )]. 0 JI MOB a.,$'LM B'Lnpoca aa YlCpenHTeJIHaTa CHCTeMa aa ICpenOCTTa Ilapesen, -BI1C6 (non nesar). ABTOpKaTa e npoyseana IOlKHaTa xacr aa H3TO'fHaTa ICpenOCTHa CTeHa aa Llapeaeu. Haa-paaaoro CpeJlHOBeICOBHO YlCpenBaHe Tli OTHaClI''bM XII BeIC.

38 B. B'LJIOB. UHT. CD'I., 18-19.

39 A. Il o no a T'LpHOBClCaTa .. BeJIHlCa JIaBpa".- 11611)]., T. XXXIII, 1980, c. 84, 96.

40 M. Xap60Ba. OT6paHHTeJIHH CDop'LlKeHHlI ... , c. 179.

41 A. Fl o n o a, ,AceHOBUH H .. HOBHlIT rpaa ..... , c. 6. 42 no p ~ e T p H q, Y HOB H~. Crapa cpncsa ICfbHlKeBHOCT. CTY)lHja H H360p, Beorpan, 1967 - 6H6JIHOTeICa ICfbHlKeBHOCT y lUICOJIH, 1, c.22.

43 E. reo p r H e B. Jlareparypara aa Bropara 6'LJIrapcxa )l'LplKaBa. C., 1977, c. 197

44 A. Il o n o a. KpenOCTHaTa CHCTeMa ... , c. 127 .

45 A. Il o n o a. YlCpeneH BO)lOCHa6)lHTeJIeH npoxon ... , c. 15.

46 11. )]. Y ii 'I e B. MHHHaTlOpHTe aa MaHaCHeBaTa JIeTOnHC. C., 1962, c. 32.

47 Migne. Patrologia graeca, et 154, coli. 973-976. 48 C. F'e o pr ae a a, JI. HHICOJIOBa H H. Aar-eJI 0 B. Apxareerypara aa nsopena, 64-65.

Systeme de fortification complementaire de la ville medievale de Tarnovo

M.ROB<)V

(Resume)

Dans Ie systeme de fortification de Tarnovo pendant qu'elle etait la capitale de la Bulgarie (XIIC_XIve s.) en outre des murs d'enceinte et de leurs equipements qui s'elevaient tout autour au dessus de la couronne rocheuse des collines Carevec et Trapezica, etaient indus egalement des murs transversaux qui devalaient leurs versants vers la riviere Jantra.

Les donnees des dernieres etudes montrent que Ie mur d'enceinte massif decouvert Ie long de la rive gauche de la

44

riviere, Ii I'ouest de l'eglise .. Sveti Cetirideset mateenici" ( .. Les Quarante saints martyrs"), differe essentielJement des murs d'enceinte de Carevec et de Trapezica. Son absence dans les autres secteurs Ie long de la riviere, Ie manque de rapport avec les autres equipements d'enceinte ainsi que sa datation plus ancienne, rejettent sa determination comme .. premiere ceinture defensive" de la forteresse Carevec.

Le fait de rapporter Ie mur susmentionne vers Ie Xe-XIe s. et la maniere dont il est relie Ii I'escalier dans Ie

versant septentrional de Carevec montrent egalernent qu'ils ne sont pas de la meme epoque, d'autant plus que les murs d'enceinte tout autour de la couronne roeheuse vers lesquels elle menait, etaient eleves au cours du XII· s.

Les murs .d'enceinte transversaux qui descendent sur les versants de Carevec et Trapezica apparaissent comme un systeme de fortification complementaire, cree au cours des annees 70 du XIV· s. 10TSque la menace d'invasion ottomane devenait imminente pour la capitale. lis etaient destines a proteger Ie pied des deux collines et d'empecher Ie

siege total et l'isolation l'une de l'autre des deux forteresses Carevec et Trapezica.

La presence de vie sur les deux rives de la riviere Jantra deja avant 1185, Forigine ancienne du mur d'enceinte pres de l'eglise "Sveti Cetirideset Il'ateenici" et la datation plus recente des murs d'enseinte transversaux attestent que la definition "nouvelle "'ville", donnee par Domintian en rapport avec la mort de St. Sava a Tarnovo en 1235, se rapporte au territoire uni de la ville proclamee capitale de l'Etat bulgare, restaure seulement 50 ans avant l'evenement rnentionne.

E~HH ManKO n03HaT H3BOP

3a qHnpOBCKH~ MeTano~o6HB npe3 K'bCHOTO OCMaHCKO cpe~HOBeKOBHe

HHKOJIAfi MAPKOB

3a paanara HCTOPHJI aa rpazteua l.IHnpoBQH, uerrrsp aa H3BeCTHHJI 6"hJIrapcKH KaTOJIHQH3"hM npea XVII B., H CB"hp3aHHTe C Hero CeJIHIQa ce saae TB"hp.n:e MaJIKol. C nOJIO)ICHTeJIHOCT MO)ICe zta ce TB"hp.n:H e.n:HHCTBeHO, 'Ie 're ca B"h3HHKHaJIH B"hB apssxa C eKCnJIOaTaQHBTa na pyzmare 60raTCTBa na paaoaa. IloxasaTeJIeH B TOBa OTHomeHHe e <pparMeHT"hT OT ztonecerrae OT 1585r., B KOHTO caMOTO aaceJIeHHe aa l.IHnpOBQH cnoztens: "CeJIOTO HH e aa KaMeHHCTO MBCTO, BC"hIQHOCT HBMa opaa 3eMB H e.n:HHCTBeHO 3apa.n:H py.n:HHQHTe ce e yCTaHOBHJIO TyK H pa60TH B py.n:HHQHTe. "2 B T03H CMHC"hJI TpB6Ba zta rtozrsepraesr, 'Ie HCTopHBTa na l.IHnpOBQH H CB"hp3aHHTe-c Hero CeJIHIQa npe3 K"hCHOTO OCMaHCKO cpe.n:HOBeKOBHe e He casro HCTOPHB .n:YXOBHa, npOCBeTHa H nOJIHrasecxa, HO H na npOQ"L<l>TBBaIQO pyztapcrso H MeTaJIyprHJI, 6e3 KOHTO BnpOlfeM BCHlfKH OCTaHaJIH .n:OCTH)lCeHHB aa MeCTHOTO HaCeJIeHHe 6Hxa 6HJIH HeMHCJIHMH. TOBa e npaaanara, nopaaa KOBTO e HaJIO)f(HTeJIHO zta ce 06"hpHe nO-rOJIBMO BHHMaHHe na np06JIeMHTe, CB"hP- 3aHH C MeCTHHJI MeTaJIo.n:06HB.

06eKT na pafiorara HH e e.n:HH ornasaa BJIB3"hJI B HaYlfHO 06p"hIQeHHe nHCMeH H3BOP OT 1640 r. spes ny6JIHKaQHBTa My OT Ey3e6HYC <l>epMeH.ZJ:)f(HH npes 1887 r. B C60PHHK OT 6"hJIrapcKH Q"hPKOBHH .n:oKYMeHTH3 H xpea rrpenona MY, H3B"hpmeH OT MB. ,[{yiilfeB npea 1939 r. 4 Cnopen xapaxrepa CH Toii e .n:OKJIa.n: no

, KOHrperaQHBTa B PHM na KaTOJIHlfeCKHB Koa.n:HTYP Ilersp Boman sa 06HKOJIKaTa My H3 O"hJIrapHB OT 20 MaH zto 8 OKTOMBPH 1640r.s

3a IieJIHTe aa rOJIBM anrepec

HaCTOBIQaTa pafiora Haiinpe.n;H3BHKBaT e.n:HHCTBeHO

HBKOH <pparMeHTH, .n:aBaIQH QeHHa HH<p0PMaQHJI OTHOCHO pynapcrsoro H MeTaJIyprHBTa B l.IHnpoBcKo OT TOBa spesre.

M3B"hpmeHHBT OT Hac npeaozt" ce pa3JIHxaaa aa MeCTa C"hIQeCTBeHO OT npesona aa MB. ,[{YHlfeB, KoeTO nasa OCHOBaHHe zta npenno)lCHM npe.n:CTaBJIHeTO My B 6HJIHHrBa.

La visita della Bulgaria al 1640

... ma tutto questa sta oecupato delli nemici di christiano et cattolico nome; et per cio ancora Iddio ha nascosto Ie miniere et altre cose adesso, che non se trovano come prima; faecia Iddio conservarle a qualche Signore cattolico... . ..

Die 30. di Ottobre, anna 1640. Ho visitato Ia terra di Chiprovaz ... Queste montagne sono alte et grandi, vestite da selve et boschi, ... irrigate dalle aque et rivoli limpidissimi; rieche ancora d'ogni sorta di miniere, d'oro, argento, rame, piombo, azzaio, et ferro; et sono tutte queste montagne sbusate et incavate; rna adesso non si cava nient' altro che ferro et azzaio; argento et altre cose non si trova in tanta quantita come prima, et percio i Turchi non volgiono che si cava, non piglia niente se non la decima parte, et percio non comportavano Ie spese alli Turchi, Ii quelli compra-

06HKonKaTa Ha EnrrrapHH npe3 1640

... HO BCH'IKO TOBa 7 e saBJIa,l:IHHO OT aparoaere aa XPHCTHHHCKOTO H xaronHUIKoTo HMe. 3aToBa cera Bor e CKpHn py tJ,HHllHTe H npyrare aetna speseeaao, KOHTO He ce HaMHpaT, KaKTO no-pane. Hexa Bor rH CbxpaHH 3a HHKOH KaTonH'1eCKH BJIatJ,eTeJI ... . ..

30-TH nea OT OKTOMBPH, TOtJ,HHa 1640. Ilocerax ronHMOTO C. Kanpoaan ... Te3H nnaHHHH < oxono KanpoBall> ca BHCOKH H roneMH, nOKpHTH C tJ.D6paBH H ropa, ... aanoeaa C pexa H MaRKH 6HCTPH norosera. [Te] ca 60raTH esuto C BCHKaKBH pytJ,HHllH, aa anaTO, cpe6po, MetJ" onOBO, CTOMaHa H lKenH30. Te3H nnaHHHH ca uemrre orpa- 6eHH H H3tJ,nrr6aHH, HO cera He ce xonae HHlIlO npyro ocsea lKenH30 H CTOMaHa. Cpe6po H tJ,pyrH aetna He ce oTKpHBaT B TaKOBa KonH'1eCTBO, KaKTO no-paso, H 3aTOBa TYPllHTe He HCKaT [sese] zta ce xonae. [Te] BJeMaT casro necerara '1aCT [OT tJ,06HTOTO], nopana KoeTO TYPllHTe, KOHTO KYnysaxa Te3H MecTa, He no-

45

vano questi luoghi. Pagani questo luogo di Chiprovaz l'anno al gran Signore appresso sci some di denari contributo, et altre cose che danno per un'anno, ...

... Nel mio tempo erano in questo luogo 12 case grande con Ie rote et altri ingegni sopra Ie acque, dove si faceva l'argento; rna adesso non ce nissuna, solamente quelle, dove si fa ferro et azzaio, sono li molini, rna piccoli, perche l'acqua non grossa et di poca entrata, perche non vengono altri, solamento quelli della terra, et sono 60 molini in una terra sola ....

HaCJlXa pa3XOJUlTe. Toaa cenarne Kanposau nnama rOJUlWHO aa CYJITaHa naH"b1C OT nO'iTH ureer TOBapa napa H .C(pyrH aetna, ICOHTO ce .C(aBaT 3a rOJUlHa. ... '" no Moe BpeMe aa TOBa MliCTO HMawe 12 rOJIeMH nOCTpoHIcH c KOJIeJIa H .C(pyrH MaWHHH sa sonara, K"b.C(eTO ce pafioreme cpe- 6POTO, HO cera HliMa HH enaa, [pa60TlIT]. casso Te3H, B ICOHTO ce npasa lICeJIlI30 H CTOMaHa. Te 06a'le ca ManKH BO.C(H03a.C(BHlICBaHH C"bOp"bllCeHHlI, aamoro sonara He npHHlIC.Cla H e c MaJI"b1C .C(e6HT. 3aTOBa He H.C(saT .C(pyrH xopa, a [pa60TlIT] casro Te3H OT ceJIOTO. Ca-

MO npa TOBa ceJIO HMa 60 BO.C(H03a.C(BHlICBaHH C"bOP"b-

lICeHHlI .

T03H MaHacTHp npHTellCaBa ... .C(Be BO.C(HO- 3a.rtBHlICBaHH C"bOp"bllCeHHlI ...

... Ha TOBa MliCTO HliMa TYPI.(H C IC"bIllH. I1Ma caseo enaa ofiuta lC"bwa, K"b.C(eTO npetiaaaaa ynpasarensr aa 06JIaCTTa. TOH HMa non caoe ynpaaneaae 12 roJleMH cena H ce CMeHlI acaxa rO.C(HHa.

nbpBH .C(eH OT HoeMBPH, rO.C(HHa 1640. Ilocerax ceno KOnHJIOBal.(, paanonosceao B nO.C(HOllCHeTO aa csmara nnaaaaa EMO, ornaneseao Ha .C(Be HJIH TpH MHJlH OT Kanposau, To e paanonolICeHO MellC.C(Y csutare nnaHHHH H C BCH'IICO, KoeTO HMa B Kanposan, H C 1(0eTO H306HJICTBYBa lCa3aHOTO ceJlO, H306HJlCTBYsa H Kona-

JlOBal.( .

40TH .C(eH OT HoeMBPH, ronaaa 1640. nOCeTHX ceJlOTO )lCeJIe3Ha, pasnonolICeHO cpezt csunrre llJIaHHHH, aa OI(OJIO MHJIli H nOJIOBHHa ManKO nO-Ha.C(oJIY OT Knnposau, aa CDwaTa pelCa. ... ... 3Hall, 'Ie [H] aa TOBa MliCTO ce e npoaaeexnano CDWO cpe- 6po H lICeJIlI30, HO cera He ce npoaseexna HHIllO HHTO lICeJIlI30, HHTO cpe6po ocsea sa nnautaaero na TeXHHlI .C(aHblC lCalCTO B Kanposan, 11 TpHTe Te3H MeeTa < KHnposau, KOnHJlOBal.( H )lCe-

JIe3Ha > ca nO.C(BJlaCTHH na

e)lHH H csm ynpaaaren .

Ha rrspso MJlCTO TpJl6Ba na nozrsepraev, 'Ie .nOCTOBepHOCTTa Ha CBe.neHHJlTa OT npeBe)),eHHTe nacaxa He 6y.nH CbMHeHHe, rJIaBHO nopana <i>aKTa, 'Ie Te ca nnon aa nenocpenCTBeHH Ha6mo.neHHJI aa Ilersp Bornaa, KOHTO KaTO 'IHnpOB'IaHHH 6HJI 3an03HaT OTJIH'IHO C 06CTaHOBKaTa B paaona, peen. C MeCTHHJI MeTaJIo.n06HB. TpH6Ba na cnoxreaesr H TOBa, 'Ie aBTeHTH'IHOCTTa aa .nOKYMeHTa H aBTopCTBOTO My nnxora He ca 6HJIH ocnopsana. TOBa nasa

Ha questo monasterio ...

doi molini .

... Turchi non ce con Ie case in questo luogo, solamente una casa comune, dove habita iI govematore del pease et tiene soUo la sua cura 12 villaggi grandi, et si muta ogni anno.

Die primo di Novembre, anno 1640. Ho visitato la terra di Copilovaz, sita sotto l'istesso monte Hemo, lontana dua 0 tre miglia da Chiprovaz; sta fra l'istesse montagne et di tuUo che si trova in Chiprovaz et di che abbonda la predetta terra, abbonda etiamdio

Copilovaz .

Die 4 di Novembre, anno 1640. Ho visitato la terra di Xelesna, sita fra l'istesse montagne, poco pili abbasso circa un miglio e mezzo di Chiprovaz, sopra l'istesso

fiume .

So, che si faceva ferro et argento ancora in questo luogo, rna non si fa adesso niente, ne ferro ne argento, se non che ancor loro pagano come in Chiprovaz, ct tutti questi tre "luoghi sono 50ttO un istesso go-

vcrnatorc .

46

.. _L ~ .... _

OCHOBaHHe na ro xapaxrepasapasre KaTO nbJIHOQeHeH H3BOP 3a HCTOpHJlTa Ha py.napCTBOTO H MeTaJIyprHJlTa B ..lIHnpoBcKO npea rrspsara nOJIOBHHa aa XVII B.

Cnopen Cb.nbp)l(aHHeTO CH H~:repecYBamHTe HH CBe.neHHJI OT asaopa MOraT na 6b))'aT 06oc06eHH B UJlKOJIKO HH<i>opMaTHBHH rpyna:

I-Ba-3a BH.na na .n06HBaHHTe MeTaJIH B paaona; 2-pa - sa 06xBaTa aa 'IHnpOBCKaTa MeTaJIO.n06HBHa 30Ha npes nepaozta, peen. aa rpaHHQHTe aa xaCOBOTO BJIa.neHHe; 3-a - aa TeXHH'IeCKaTa 060pY)),BaHOCT aa MeCTHHJI MeTaJIo)),06HB; 4-a - 3a HaCeJIeHHeTO, HOCHTeJI na py.napCKO-MeTaJIyprH'IHH YMeHHJI; 5-a-3a C06CTBeHOCTTa Ha.n py)),HHQHTe; 6-a-3a )J,JIb)l(HOCTTa H cenanamero aa ynpaBHTeJIJI aa xaca; 7-a-3a TPH6YTHHTe OTHOIlIeHHJI aa MeTaJIo))'06HBHHQHTe KbM QeHTpaJIHaTa BJIaCT H 8-a - aa npH'IHHHTe, .nOBeJIH no npeycraaoBJlBaHeTO Ha eKCnJIOaTaQHJlTa Ha pY)),HHTe 60raTCTBa B paaoua. Ille pasrnenasre BCJlKa OT TJlX nOOT)),eJIHO:

1. 3a BH.na na ))'06HBaHHTe MeTaJIH B paaoaa. Bes CbMHeHHe TOBa e eztaa OT HaHcnopaare BbnpocH, CBbp3aHH C'l,C CTapHJI 'IHnpOBCKH MeTaJIo)),06HB. ~Horo06pa3HaTa reOJIO)l(Ka xapaxrepacraxa aa paaoaa H TBbp.neHHeTO Ha n. oor.naH 3a .n06HB Ha BCH'IKH OCHOBHH MeTaJIH - 3JIaTO, cpe6po, Me.n, OJIOBO H )l(eJIJl30 - ca .nonpHHeCJIH aa npertcrananero B csspesreaaara aaysna nareparypa aa TBbp.ne npOTHBOpe'lHBH CXBamaHHJI B rosa OTHOIlI(1- HHe. Taxa nanpauep cnopen r. KOHJlPOB npes KbCHOTO cpe.nHOBeKOBHe B qHnpoBCKO 6HJIO ))'06HBaHO npeavymecraeno )l(eJIJl308• B npoTHBOBec H. Paurees H EM. ~aKcHMoB nonzrsp)l(aT aneara aa csmecreysaaero e)J,HHCTBeHO na cpefiponotiaa B paaoaa, KaTO ce n030BaBaT na HaJIH'IHeTO Ha H3BecTHO KOJIH'IeCTBO OJIOBO H CJIe)J,HTe OT cpe6po B MeCTHHTe IIIJIaKOBH OCTaHKH9. nO)),06Ha neycraaoaeaocr safieJIJl3BaMe H npH onpe)),eJIJlHeTO ecTecTBOTO Ha eKCnJIOaTHpaHHTe B MHHaJIOTO PY)),H. )loKaTo CTp. )lHMHTPOB H3Ka3Ba npezmonoxenaero, 'Ie MeCTHHJlT )l(eJIe30.n06HB ce e pa3BHJI B pe- 3YJITaT Ha ekCnJIOaTaQHJlTa Ha cH.nepHToBoTO HaXO)),Hme10, TO cnopezr MHeHHeTO na r. KOHHPOB TOH ce e OCHOBaBaJI aa H33eMaHeTO aa JIHMOHHTOBHTe "I1IanKH", 06pa3YBaHH Bbpxy canepara BCJIe.nCTBHe aa eCTeCTBeHOTO My H3BeTpJlHe11. Bes na y.nbJI)I(aBaMe cnacsxa Ha pa3HOrJIaCHJlTa no OTHOIlIeHHe Ha CTapHJI 'IHnpOBCKH MeTaJIo))'06HB, me 0606IIlHM, 'Ie B 3Ha'lHTeJIHaTa 'IaCT OT csurecraysaurare paspa60TKH no TeMaTa H3BOPOBHJlT MaTepHaJI e 6HJI Cb3HaTeJIHO npeaefiperaar HJIH e 6HJI aaronea H3KycTBeHo KbM ))'eHCTBHTeJIHO CJIO)l(aara reOJIO)l(Ka KapTHHa na paaoaa.

B Ha'laJIOTO aa pafiorara CH rrozrrepraxsre ztocrosepaocrra aa CBe)),eHHHTa aa MeCTHHH MeTaJIo.n06HB cnopen onacaaaero aa n. Bornan. Ille ce onarasre na aHaJIH3HpaMeTBbp)),eHHeTO My sa nOJIY'IaBaHe na npaKTH'IeCKH BCH'IKH Tpa.nHQHOHHO ))'06HBaHH no 3eMHTe HH

MeTaJIH CaMO B OrpaHH1feHHJI 1fHnpOBCKH paHOH H ,Z:{a ro "npHMHpHM" C reOJlo)KKHTe ,Z:{aHHH. Ha rrspso MJlCTO TpJl6Ba zta CnOMeHeM, 1fe B 6eJle)l(KHTe CH 11. Bornaa He nasa HHcpopMaQHJI 'sa pynapcso-sreranyprasaare 3M'bJl)l(eHHJI aa HaCeJleHHeTO OT npaBOCJlaBHHTe cemnna aa paaoaa, Taxa aanpasrep B onacaaaero e nporrycnaro ynosaeaaaaaero aa Bnamxo ceno (,Z:{H. C. MapTHHOBO), 1fHeTO aaceneaae oxeBH,Z:{HO e 6HJlO 3aeTO C )l(eJle30'z:{06HB (H ,Z:{O zmec JlH1faT OrpOMHH Kyn1fHHH OT )l(eJle3HH IIIJlaKH KaKTO B ceJlOTO, TaKa H OKOJlO aero). I1ponYCHaTO e H ynosseaaaaaero na Me'z:{0'z:{06HBa, npaKTHKYBaH no TOBa spesre OT )l(HTeJlHTe aa C. rOpHH 110M, a OT Hero ca sanaaeaa safene)l(HTeJlHH CJle,I{H-3Ha1fHTeJlHH nO,Z:{3eMHH H3- pa60TKH H IIIJlaKOBH HaTpynBaHHJl12•

Illo ce OTHaCJI ,Z:{O MeCTHHJI 3J1aTo,Z:{06HB, TpJl6Ba ,Z:{a YT01fHHM, 1fe CaMHJlT n. Bornaa JlBHO He e 6HJI HerOB osesanen. no BCJlKa BepOJITHOCT ynosreaasaaero My TpJl6Ba ,Z:{a 6'b'z:{e OTHeceHO K'bM no-paano, sacera HeYT01fHeHO apesse OT HCTOpHJlTa aa 1fHnpOBCKHJI MeTaJIo,Z:{06HB. B T03H pen aa MIlCJlHTe TpJl6Ba ,Z:{a cnosseaesr, 1fe Han'bJIHO HenpOY1feHH OCTaHKH OT 3J1aTO'z:{06HB ("pynH" H OTBaJIH) ce pa3KpHBaT npa C. KOnHJlOBllH H .llHBa CJlaTHHa, KaKTO BepOJlTHO H B xeprare aa CaMHJI rpan (CHCTeMa OT ranepaa, npoxonana B HaHOCHaTa xsarepaepaa Tepaca).

nO-06CTOHHO ute pasrnenaue ssnpoca aa 'z:{06HBa aa )l(eJlJl30, OJlOBO H cpe6po B paaoaa, 'z:{eHHOCT aa KOJITO n. Bornaa JlBHO e 6HJI oseaaneu. 3a pasrnesctaaero My paanonarasie C HJlKOH, MaKap H HeMHor06pOHHH nHCMeHH naMeTHHQH OT enoxara, a C'b~O H C H3BeCTHH Be~eCTBeHH OCTaHKH OT Ta3H 'z:{eHHOCT aa MeCTHOTO aaceneaae.

B HaH-paHHOTO nHCMeHO CBH,Z:{eTeJlCTBO OT 1525-1528r. aa HaJlH1fHeTO aa py,Z:{apCTBO H MeTaJlyprHJI B paaoaa aa C'b)l(aJIeHHe He ce ynosreaaaa eCTeCTBOTO aa 'z:{06HBaHHJI MeTaJI13• 3a Hero HaY1faBaMe enna OT ,Z:{OKYMeHT OT 1585 r., cnopen KOHTO ,Z:{'bJI)I(HMaTa K'bM xasHaT a cyMa OT 500 xr cpe6po 6HJIa H3nJIa~aHa B KIOJI1feTa 14. 3a MeCTHHJI cpe6po,Z:{06HB ce cnosreaaaa orne B ,Z:{Ba ,Z:{oKYMeHTa OT 1618r.1s, KaKTO H B T. Hap. qHnpoBcKH 3aKOH aa PY,Z:{HHllHTe OT 1638 r. 16 3a cpetispaare PY,Z:{HHllH npa qHnpoBllH HMa 6eJIe>KKa H B e,Z:{HH cpaBHHTeJIHOK'bCeH (OT Ha1faJIOTO na XVIII B.), HO Hec'bMHeHO nocrosepea MaTepHaJl1 7.

Pa3JIH1fHH no npOH3XO,Z:{ ca CBe,Z:{eHHJlTa 3a )l(eJIe30'z:{06HBa B paaoaa. AKO n01fTH BCH1fKH ,Z:{OKYMeHTH, yTB'bp>K,Z:{aBa~H HaJIH1fHeTO na cpe6po,Z:{06HB (c H3KJII01feHHe aa 3aKOHa sa PY,Z:{HHllHTe), ca OT ocpHllHaJIeH OCMaHCKH npOH3XO,Z:{, TO CBe,Z:{eHHJlTa aa )l(eJIe30,Z:{06HBa ce HaMHpaT caste B onHCaHHJI aa MecTHHTe KaTOJIHllH. B e,Z:{HO OT nix ce Ka3Ba, 1fe enacxon WJIHJI MapHHOB ,Z:{aBaJI na TYPllHTe pa3HH nonapsua, ocofieao ,,)I(eJIe3HH HHCTpYMeHTH OT CBOHTe py ,Z:{HHllH"18. OT no,Z:{06eH npoasxon e H ,Z:{oKYMeHT'bT, B KOHTO ce cnoxreaasa aa nOCJIe-

,Z:{eH rrsr aa MeCTHHJI )l(eJIe30'z:{06HB (1662)19.

Ilpaaa Bne1faTJIeHHe n'bJIHOTO OTC'bCTBHe na nHCMeHH H3BopH OT enoxara (OCBeH paarnex,Z:{aHHJI MaTepHaJI) aa HaJIH1fHeTO aa 'z:{06HB aa OJIOBO, KaK'bBTQ. HeH36e)l(HO e C'b~ecTByBaJI ycnopeznro C'bC cpe6po'z:{06HBa, nopana ecreCTBOTO Ha eKCnJIOaTHpaHHTe PY,I{H (raJIeHHT C'bC Cpe,Z:{HO c'b,Z:{'bp)l(aHHe aa OJlOBO OKOJIO

80%).

01feBH):{H0 aa OCMaHCKHTe BJIaCTH OT rrspBOCTeneHHO aaaseaae 6HJI cpe6po'z:{06HB'bT, ycnopezmo C KOHTO MecTHOTO HaCeJIeHHe pa3BHJIO OJIoBo'z:{06HBa H )l(eJIe30,Z:{06HBa.

Be~ecTBeHHTe OCTaHKH OT CTapHJI 1fHnpOBCKH MeTaJIo,Z:{06HB ce orpaaasasar c OKOJIO ,Z:{Ba,Z:{eceTHHa HHcTpYMeHTa HJIH 1faCTH OT pynapcxa C'bOp'b)l(eHHJl20, C zteceraaa 3Ha1fHTeJIHH no passrepare CH IIIJIaKOBH narpynsaHHJl21 H C OKOJIO 150 nO,Z:{3eMHH H Ha,Z:{3eMHH MHHHH H3pa60TKH22. Ilspsocreneaao aaaseHHe aa onpeztensae eCTeCTBOTO na eKCllJIOaTHpaaa B MHHaJIOTO PY,Z:{H HMaT IIIJIaKOBHTe HaTpynBaHHJI H OCTaHKHTe OT MHHHHTe H3pa- 60TKH. Te 06a1fe me OCTaHaT M'bpTBH CBH,I{eTeJIH na 6e3nJIO):{HH H3CJIe,Z:{OBaTeJICKH YCHJIHJI, ,Z:{OKaTO He 6'b'z:{aT aasrepesa cpencrsa sa KOMnJIeKCHOTO HM npoyssaae C'bC C'bBpeMeHHH TeXHH1feCKH cpe'z:{cTBa.

2. 3a 06xBaTa Ha 1fHnpOBCKaTa MeTaJIO,Z:{O- 6HBHa 30Ha KaTO .xaCOBO BJIa,Z:{eHHe. Pa3rJIe>K,Z:{aHHJlT H3BOPOB MaTepHaJI ztasa OCHOBaHHe zta OrpaHH1fHM 1fHnpOBCKHJI pynapcxa xac B passKHTe aa 12 cena, B 1fHJlTO 6poHKa C nOJIO)l(HTeJIHOCT e BJIH3aJIO OCBeH H3PH1fHO cnosreaaTHTe OT n. Bornaa qHnpoBllH, )l(eJIe3Ha H KOnHJIOBllH, ouie H BJIailiKO ceJIO H BepOJlTHO c. rOpHH JIOM, 1fHeTO npHC'bCTBHe aa HTaJIHaHCKHTe KapTH OT XVII B. e n01fTH HeH3MeHH023. Ts'spne rOJIJlMa e BepOJlTHOCTTa Me)l(,Z:{y OCTaHaJIHTe cenesr cena ,Z:{a e BJIH3aJIO H H31fe3HaJIOTO ,Z:{Hec pynapcxo ceJIO CBHHHlla, cnosseHaTO B OCMaHCKH ,Z:{oKYMeHT orne npes 1455 r. 24 B'b3MO)l(HO e H HaCeJIeHHeTO aa C. Topaa JIYKa ,Z:{a e H3n'bJIHJlBaJIO HJlKOH nOBHHHOCTH B nOJI3a na PY,Z:{HHllHTe, HO aa TOBa HJlMaMe xareropH1fHH ,Z:{aHHH. Jlancara aa KaKBaTO H na e H3BopOBa OCHOBa npecasa sacera BCJlKaKBH onHTH aa npaB,Z:{HBOTO onpeztensne na OCTaHaJIHTe pyztapcxa cena, BJIH3a~H B C'bCTaBa aa T03H cy JITaHCKH xac.

3. TeXHH1feCKaTa 060pY,Z:{BaHocT na 1fHnpOBCKHJI MeTaJIo,Z:{06HB. TpJl6Ba na nozrsep'raesr, 1fe B Ta3H HaCOKa CBe,Z:{eHHJlTa aa n. Bornaa ca e,Z:{HHCTBeHH H nopazur TOBa neoueHHMH. AKo Be~eCTBeHHTe OCTaHKH rOBOpJlT ,Z:{OCTaT'b1fHO sa Ha1fHHHTe na eKCnJIOaTaQHJI na pY,Z:{HHTe 60raTCTBa, TO e,I{HHCTBeHO B'b3 OCHOBa na TB'bp,Z:{eHHJlTa na n. Bornaa MO)l(eM na pa3I1IHpHM npe,Z:{CTaBHTe CH aa MeCTHHJI MeTaJIO,Z:{06HB 1fpe3 YT01fHJlBaHeTO Ha HJlKOH KOJIH- 1feCTBeHH xapaKTepHCTHKH. Cnopen TJlX B Ha1faJIOTO aa XVII B. npa qHnpoBllH 'z:{eHCTBYBaJIH ,,12 rOJIeMH nocrponxa C KOJIeJIa H ztpyra MaIlIHHH aa sonara", K'b,Z:{eTO ce 'z:{06HBaJIO

47

cpefiporo. OT TeXHOJIOrH'IHa rnezma TO'lKa H3B'bpIIIBaHaTa ztocera H.n;eHTH<pHKaQHSI aa 12- 're nocrpoaxa CDC "caMoKoBH"25 e Harr'bJIHO norpenraa, nopazm npocrara npaxaaa, 'Ie npa npoH3Bo,n;CTBOTO. aa cpe6po He e aeotixonava onepanasra KOBaHe26• no BCSlKa BepOSITHOCT TOBa ynosieaasane y Il. Bornaa TpSl6Ba na ce oraece K'bM cpe6po,n;06HBHHTe neuta, 'IHHTO ztyxana 6HJIH OTBapSlHH xpea npexscaar HaTHCK na rraJIQH, Ha6HTH pazraanao aa BO,ll;H03a,n;BH:lICBaH zrspaen BaJI. T03H 6pOH na nemare cnossara sa YCTaHOBSIBaHe na HSiKOH see orne y6erHaJIH OT aaysno npoyssaae KOJIH'IeCTBeHH XapaKTepHCTHKH aa 'IHrrpOBCKHSI cpefipo,n;06HB.

no cpaBHHTeJIHH ,n;aHHH H CBe,n;eHHSI, nosepnaaa OT CIOJIeHMaHOBHTe pynapcxa saKOHH2 7, MO:llCe zta ce YCTaHOBH, 'Ie rO,ll;HIIIHO B nsaaaztecerre 'IHrrpOBCKH cpe6po,n;06HBHH nelIlH 6HJIH CTarrSlHH OKOJIO· 1000-1050 TOHa pyna (npa ,n;BycMeHHa pafiora OT 150 ,n;HH B ronaaara), nO'ITH rro TOBa· npesre (1585) ,n;'bJI:lICHMaTa K'bM xasaara cysra (enaa nera) OT MeCTHHTe pynaana 6HJIa 150 000 ztapxesra cpe6po na KIOJI'IeTa (OKOJIO 500 Kr)28. CnenoBaTeJIHO ro,n;HIIIHHSlT ,n;06HB aa cpe6po B IIHrrpoBIlH ,n;OCTHraJI zto 2,5 TOHa. Oxeaamro ocpeztaeaoro csnspxaaae aa cpe6po B eKCrrJIOaTHpaHHTe pyzta 6HJIO OKOJIO 0,25 %. Hanara ce H3BO,n;'bT, 'Ie 06eKT aa eKCnJIOaTaUHSI ca 6HJIH He casro 60raTHTe aa cpe6po CYJI<PH,n;HH pyna CDC cpefipoaocea 'rerpaenptrr, CDC cpefispuo C'b,n;'bp:llCaHHe OT 1 ,n;o 20 %, HO H no-Sezmare raJIeHHTOBH py,n;H, npa KOHTO C'b,n;'bp:llCaHHeTO aa cpe6po e YCTaHOBeHO OT 0,1 no 0,15%. OT C'bmOTO KOJIH'IeCTBO pyna npa KyrreJIaQHSlTa Ha Cpe6pOTO TeopeTH'IHO TPSl6- BaJIO ,n;a ce nonyxar OKOJIO 550 - 600 TOHa OJIOBO ro,n;HIIIH02 9.

CrrOMeHaTHTe y n. Bernas ",n;pyrH MaIIIHHH na sonara" ca oseaaztao oramnara sa poutyaaae (rrspxeae) aa raJIeHHTa, KOHTO 6HJIH csopi-xeaa csuto C Bo,n;H03a,n;BH:lICBaHH nyxana, KyrreJIaUHOHHHTe orHHma H BepoSiTHO HSlKO~ npyra csoptoseaaa, CB'bp3aHH C npexozmare onepanaa (aanpmaep TpOIIIa'lKH aa pyztara) H np."?

HSiKOH OT nOCTaHOBJIeHHSlTa na CIOJIeHMaHOBHTe pyztapcxa 3aKOHH zrasar B'b3MO:llCHOCT zta ce YCTaHOBH H rrpH6JIH3HTeJIHHSlT 6pOH aa pa60THHIlHTe, 3aeTH C MeTaJIyprHSITa aa cpe- 6pOT031. Cnopen TSiX aa ortnnnara sa poutyBaHeTO pa60TeJIH TpHMa ,n;yIIIH, neunrre 6HJIH 06CJIY:llCBaHH OT 4-Ma pa60THHKa, a xynena-

. UHoHHHTe orHHma - OT rro e,ll;HH 'IOBeK. Karo ce HMa rrpezraan ,n;BycMeHHocTTa aa pafiorara, MO:llCeM ,n;a npecsreraesr, 'Ie 3aeTHTe B TOBa npoH3Bo,n;CTBO 'IHrrpOB'IaHH 6HJIH OKOJIO 190 ,n;YIIIH.

OT ocofiea aarepec aa HCTopHIlHTe na py,n;apcTBoTo H MeTaJIyprHSITa y Hac ca CBe,n;eHHSlTa aa Il. Borzraa OTHOCHO :lICeJIe30- ,n;06HBHHTe C'bOp'b:llCeHHSI. 3acera re ca e,ll;HHCTBeHHTe rrHCMeHH ,n;aHHH, C KOHTO pasno-

48

narasre sa Ta3H npoaasoncraena ,n;eHHOCT B 'IHrrpOBCKo OT nepaozta aa OCMaHCKOTO BJIa,n;H'IecTBO. Ha rrspso MSiCTO TpSl6Ba ,n;a cnosrenesr, 'Ie nocoxeaara B aaaopa 6pOHKa aa Bo,n;H03a,n;BH:lICBaHHTe :lICeJIe30,n;06HBHH C'b(?p'b:llCeHHSI (60) rro BCSlKa sepoaruocr e c60pu:a aa neunrre (BH,n;HHTe) H caMOKOBHTe. AKo B T03H paHOH e 6HJIO cnaseno C'bOTHOIIIeHHeTO Me)l(,ll;y TSiX (4: 1), KaKTO e 6HJIO YCTaHoBeHo B npaxraxara aa OCTaHaJIHTe :lICeJIe30,n;06HBHH uenrpose B crpaaara, me rrOJIy'lHM rrpH6JIH3HTeJIHO CJIe,n;HaTa KOJIH'IeCTBeHa KapTHHa 3a 'IHrrpOBCKHTe :lICeJIe30,n;06HBHH c'bOp'b:llCeHHSI OT spesrero:

OKOJIO 48 BH,n;HH H 12 caMOKOBa. YTO'lHSlBaHeTO aa Ta3H 6poHKa nasa rrpH6JIH3HTeJIHa rrpe,n;cTaBa H 3a 3aeTOTO HaCeJIeHHe rrpH MeCTHaTa MeTaJIyprHSi aa :lICeJISl30TO. 06cJIY:llCBaHeTO na nennrre 6HJIO OCHrypSiBaHO HOpMaJIHO npa ,n;BYCMeHeH pe:llCHM aa pafiora OT 8 ,n;YIIIH32 , a aa caMOKOBHTe OT 8-10 ,n;yIIIH33. CJIe,n;oBaTeJIHO caMoBIIHrrpoBIlH 6JIH30 500 ,n;yrnH 6HJIH rrpSiKo 3aeTH C MeTaJIyprHSITa Ha :lICeJISl30TO.

JII060rrHTHo, HO SlBHO C'bBCeM He,n;OCTaT'b'lHO aa onpeztenxaero aa 06eMa na nemare H OTTaM aa nenoxynnara HM npoztyxuas e ynosreaaaanero, 'Ie 're 6HJIH MaJIKH Bo,n;H03a,n;BH:lICBaHH c'bOp'b:llCeHHSl34• TOBa caeneaae 6H MOrJIO zta 6'b,n;e oraeceno H K'bM caMOKOBHTe, KOHTO rropa,n;H rro,n;'IepTaHOTo OT n. lior,n;aH MaJIOBo,n;He, KaKTO H rro HSiKOH TeXHOJIOrH'IHH rrpH'IHHH sepoarno C'bmO 6HJIH C OTHOCHTeJIHO rrO-MaJIKH paasaepa,

CJIe,n; BCH'IKO H3JIO:llCeHO ,n;OTYK OTHOCHO CTapHSI 'IHrrpOBCKH MeTaJIo,n;06HB MO:llCeM zta ,n;a,n;eM HOBa, HKOHOMH'IecKa oneaxa aa noeTH'IHOTO Ha3BaHHe, ynorpefieno OT Il. Bornaa sa T03H rpazteu-e-i.unerero na Ii'bJIrapHSI". B nonxpena aa raspnenaero CH caxro me cnosseaesr, 'Ie npes sropara rrOJIOBHHa aa XVI B. npoztyxuaxra aa cpe6po B IIHrrpoBIlH 6HJIa 6JIH30 rrOJIOBHHaTa OT cpefiponofiaaa aa Bancxa mSlBHHUa, eztaa OT HaH-pa3BHTHTe py,n;apcKo-MeTaJIyprH'IHH lleHTpOBe B Cpe,n;Ha Espona+".

4. Pyziapa H MeTaJIyp3H B IIHrrpoBcKo. np06JIeM'bT aa Hapo,n;HOCTHaTa npaaannexHOCT aa rrpo<PecHOHaJIHO nonrorsemrre 'IHrrpOBCKH MeTaJIo,n;06HBHHIlH H sa apesiero aa noasara HM B paaona He e HOB, HO MHoro- 6pOHHHTe pa3HOrJIaCHSI Me:llC,n;y asropare, aaHHMaBaJIH ce C rrpoysaaaero MY, ,n;OKa3BaT Hey6e,n;HTeJIHOCTTa aa npennoxeaare sacera XHrrOTe3H36. me osepraesr 6erJIo casro OCHOBHHTe onopaa TO'lKH na HaH-pa3rrpocTpaHeHHTe OT TSiX. Cnopen aaropare HM, npasneseaa OT MeCTHHTe pynaa 60raTcTBa caKCOHCKH pyztapa H MeTaJIyp3H, ce 3aCeJIHJIH B IIHnpoBUH npes XIII HJIH XIV B. CJIe,n; OCMaHCKOTO aaaoesaaae na 06JIaCTTa C'b,n;6aTa HM OCTaHaJIa HeH3- aecraa.

Pa3rJIe:llC,n;aHHSlT H3BOP nasa B'b3MO:llCHOCT na nornezmev no HOB Ha'lHH aa T03H ssnpoc. Cnopezi Il. Bornaa sese He H,n;BaJIH npyrn

xopa, a pa60TeJIH casso Te3H OT CeJIOTO. Ilozrpasfiapa ce, 'Ie B MHHaJIOTO ce pa3'1HTaJIO aa nomna OT npyrane, nporpecaoaanao nonrOTBeHH pa60THHIlH. Taxsa H3BO.n; HaMHpa noztspena H B cseaenae OT 1585 r., cnopezt KoeTO: "CTapaTa pas B CeJIOTO HH e MaJIKO. nOB~'1eTO ca nomna OT npyrane.'?" He ca JIH Te3H npaursnna cnOMeHaTHTe OT n. Bornaa npes cpeztara aa XVII B. caKCOHIlH, KOHTO 6HJIH nOJIY'lHJIH B cTapo BpeMe OT TYPQHTe rrpasoro zta 06HOBgT irspxsara B QHnpOBQH38; He Tpg6Ba JIH no ztpyr Ha'lHH zta ce nornenae aa C'b06meHHeTO na KaTOJIH'IecKHg BH3HTaTOp Macapexa (1626), cnopezt KoeTO '1HnpOBCKHTe KaTOJIHIlH 6HJIH HenpaBHJIHO HapH'IaHH 6'bJIrapa, 3amOTO 6HJIH aJI6<iHQH, caKcOHQH H naBJIHKgHH39; HHMa He rpsfiaa zta ce 3aMHCJIHM Ha.n; raspneanero na n. Bornaa, 'Ie '1HnpOB'1aHH ce pa3JIH'IaBaJIH He caMO B peJIHrH03HO OTHomeHHe OT npaBOCJIaBHHTe X<HTeJIH na paaoaa, HO oute no HpaBH, 06JIeKJIO H rOBop40? BCH'IKO TOBa aasexna aa MHC'bJITa, 'Ie npea sropara nOJIOBHHa aa XVI B., xoraro '1HnpOBCKHgT MeTaJIo.n;06HB 6HJI B pa3QBeT, aa pafiora B py.n;HHQHTe H npH MeTaJIyprH'IHHTe C'bOP'bx<eHHg ce pa3'1HTaJIO npeaasero aa aztsauta OT npyrane, seposrrro OT TpaHcHJIBaHHg H BJIamKO, caKcOHCKH MeTaJIo.n;06HBHHIlH (morepaan ?). no .llYMHTe aa n. Borzraa Mox<eM na 3aKmO'lHM, 'Ie npea rrspsara nOJIOBHHa aa XVII B. TaKOBa "nOn'bJIBaHe" aa 'IHnpOBCKOTO HaCeJIeHHe 6HJIO Be'le npeKpaTeHo.

5. 3a C06CTBeHOCTTa Ha.n; py.n;HHQHTe. nopazta 60raTcTBoTO na cpefispasrre CH py.n;HHQH MHpHncKHTe 3eMH aa QHnpoBIlH H cnoxeaaTHTe no-rope OKOJIHH 12 cena ouie K'bM xpas aa XV HJIH Ha'laJIOTO na XVI B. 6HJIH BKJIIO'IeHH B C'bCTaBa aa cYJITaHCKHTe xaCOBH BJIa.n;eHHg41. )J;encTBamHTe npa qHnpOBQH sepoaruo ce.n;eM pymmxa aa .n;06HB aa Cpe6pOHOCHH py.n;H 6HJIH .n;a.n;eHH B'bB BJIa.n;eHHe c TanHH na '1aCTHH JIHQa-T. Hap. aKTona3HTeJIH. qpe3 .n;OCTHrHaJIH no naura .llHH .n;OKYMeHTH OT 1618 r. ca aanaseaa HMeHaTa aa cenesrre aKTona3HTeJIH: "... a HMeHHO paare: KHe3 Ilepo, HBOBHQ Feoprn, JIYKa MapTHH, Ilerpe M~J)THH, C'b60 )J;HMHTPH, JIYKa Feopran H ROB'IHH ... "42 Csenenaero aa n. Bornaa, cnopen KoeTO " ... TYPQHTe, KOHTO xynysaxa Te3H MeCTa ... ", ce OTHaCg BepOgTHO K'bM MIOJITe3HMHTe (OTKyn'IHQHTe aa .ziaH'bKa), KOHTO npH6HpaJIH rrecsT'bKa H zipyra .n;ax<.n;Hg H 6ePHH.

~3a .n;JI'bX<HocTTa H cenamnuero aa ynpaBHTeJIg na qHnpoBCKHg pyztapcxa xac. Pa3- rJIex<.n;aHHgT H3BOP nasa e.n;Ho-e.n;HHCTBeHO, HO C'bmeCTBeHO caezteaae aa T03H OCMaHCKH CJIyX<HTeJI - CMeHgeMOCTTa My aa BCgKa rozmaa. KaTO HMaMe npensan YCTaHOBeHHg peX<HM H na zrpyra py.n;HH'IHH xaCOBH BJIa.n;eHHg OT TOBa spesse, Mox<eM na onpenenasr .n;JI'bX<HOCTTa na '1HnpOBCKHg ynpasaren KaTO eMHH-H MIOJITe3HM (a He KaTO aoiiaozta), T. e. TOH 6HJI CMeHgH ronaumo HaeMaTeJI aa py.n;HHg zrspxa-

7 ApXeOJlOrHII, 4, 1988 r.

BeH npHxo.n;OH3TO'lHHK, B CJIY'lag '1HnpOBCKHTe

py.n;HHIlH43. .

Cnopen II: Bornan cenamnnero aa MeCTHHg ynpasaren 6HJIO B qHnpOBQH. nO-paHHH .n;oKYMeHTH o6'~'Ie pa3KpHBaT no.n;'IHHeHOTo norrozceaae aa qHnpoBIlH OT 6JIH3KOTO C. )I(eJIe3Ha, KoeTO Mox<e na ce 06gCHH e.n;HHCTBeHO C HaMHpamOTO ce npes XVI B. ceztanante aa ynpasarens TaM, nanpassep " ... py.n;HHQHTe npa )I(eJIe)l(HHK, KOHTO cnazrar K'bM xasara bepKo<i>'Ie Ha nama caH.n;X<aKa ... " (1585)44; " ... c. KHnpOBeQ, no.n;Be.n;OMCTBeHO non MYKaTaTa aa C. )I(eJIe3HHK, bepKOBCKa xasa, CO<i>HHCKH cannxax ... " (1618)45 H np,

7. 3a TPH6YTHHTe OTHOmeHHg Ha 'IHnpOBCKOTO HaCeJIeHHe K'bM cYJITaHa. C'bC csezteaas 3a QeJIOKynHHg .n;aH'bK Ha 'IHnpOB'IaHH pa3noJIaraMeOT 6JIH30 naa sexa (XVI H XVII). B H3rpa.n;eHaTa Ha Ta3H OCHOBa .n;aH'b'lHa CKaJIa ynossenaaaaero aa n. Bornaa sa TpH6YTa aa qHnpOBQH OT 600 000 aK'IeTa46 arpae BaX<Ha caspasauta POJIg.

A6cOJIIOTHO PTHOCHTeJIeE
TerJIO p1.CT aa TpH
rO)lHHH .ll.aH1>K!B axsera B cpe6po 6yTa aa qH
npoBlUI
1525-2847 47553 I - 35Kr I
158548 1400000 -500Kr -14
1640 600000 -200Kr - 6
168749 380000 -100Kr - 3 Ta3H npH6JIH3HTeJIHO npaeztasa KapTHHa na .n;aH'b'lHHTe 3a.n;'bJIx<eHHg aa 'IHnpOB'IaHH OTpa3gBa OT'IaCTH H OTHOCHTeJIHHg P'bCT Ha MeCTHHg MeTaJIO.n;06HB (H3KJIIO'IeHHe Tpg6Ba na ce uanpaaa aa CBe.n;eHHeTO OT 1687r., nopaaa JIHnCaTa aa MeTaJIo.n;06HB no TOBa spesre B paaoaa). O'leBH.n;HO pa3QBeT'bT My Tpg6Ba zta 6'b.n;e OTHeceH K'bM aropara nOJIOBHHa aa XVI B. 3anO'lHaJIHn CJIe.n; TOBa 6'bp3 ynarrsx npHKJIIO'IHJI K'bM Ha'laJIOTO aa 60-Te ro.n;HHH aa XVII B. C n'bJIHOTO npeycraaoassane aa Ta3H npoaaaoncrsena .n;enHocT50.

8. 3a npH'IHHHTe, .n;OBeJIH no npeycraaoBgBaHeTO na 'IHnpOBCKoTO pynapcrso H MeTanypraa. 3a HeC'bMHeHOTO CHHx<aBaHe aa MeTaJIo.n;06HBa B paaoaa npes 30-Te ro.n;HHH aa XVII B. n. Boman ztan 06SlCHeHHe, C'b06pa3HO C .n;yxa Ha enoxaTa. OcHOBHaTa npH'IHHa 3a TOBa cnopen Hero 6HJIa B 60X<HSlTa aasseca, cnOMOrHaJIa aa BpeMeHHOTO YKpHBaHe na pyznnrre 60raTCTBa. TOBa 06SlCHeHHe ofiaae Ton .n;on'bJIHHJI H C HSlKOH 06eKTHBHH HKOHOMH'IeCKH npH'IHHH. Ha rrspso MSlCTO 6HJIO H3T'bKHaTO HaMaJISlBaHeTO aa KOJIH'IecTBOTO aa py.n;HOTO BemeCTBO. TOBa H3BeCTHe TpSl6Ba zta ce csspsce nO-CKOpO C H3'1epnBaHeTO aa B'b3MOX<HOCTHTe aa eKCnJIOaTaQHOHHHTe MeTO.n;H OT enoxara, OTKOJIKOTO C HeB'b3MOX<HOCTTa na 6'b.n;aT pa3KpHTH HOBH py.n;HHQH. )J;pyra, He nO-MaJIOBaX<Ha npH'IHHa, .n;OBeJIa zto ynazrsxa na MeCTHHSl cpefipoztofiaa, cnopen n. Bornaa 6HJIa B TB'bp.n;e rOJIeMHTe npoasaozt-

49

CTBeHH pa3Xo.AH crrpssro nesanfiara . .llo. roJIBMa crenea To.3H <i>aKT ce ,ll'LJDlCaJI aa HaCHlQaHeTo. Ha eBPo.rreHCKH~ rra3ap o.T 80-Te ronaaa aa XVI B. nacerne C aMepHKaHCKo. cpefipo, C xoero C'LOTHo.meHHeTO aa CTo.HHo.CTTa My IC'LM Ta3H aa 3JIaTo.To. ce aapynrana (or 1: 11 K'LM cpenara aa XVIB. no 1: 15 npes rrspsara nonosaaa aa XVII B.), T. e. na npaxraxa cpefiporo rro.eBTHH~JIo.. Ycnopenao C To.Ba 6aJIICaHCKHTe MeTaJIo.,llo.6HBHH QCHTPo.Be 3arro.'IHaJIH ,lla ycemar rro.CJIeAH~Te or TeXHH-

1 OeBeH HSlICOH JC'bCHH ~OICYMeHTaJIHH H3TO'lHHlCa OT XVII B. C Hey6eMTeJIHa HCTOpH'IeclCa ~OCTOBePHOCT aanpasrep CB~eTeJICTBOTO aa HHICOnOJICICHSI lCaTOJIH'IecICH enHCICOn AHTOH Crepaaoa, cnopea 1C0eT0 cemnnero CbllleCTBYBaJIO lCaTO lCaTOJIH'IecICH nearsp ome IC1>M 1330 r, (Acta bulgariae ecclesiastica ... : in Monumenta speetantia historiam slavorum meridionalium. Vol. XVIII. Zagrabiae, 1887, p. 308); npenoTB1>p~HTeJIHHTe ~6pOBHHWICH nHCMa, ~eHH aa q,aMHJIHSlTa COHMHpoBH'lH-IIHepH~, yTB1>plICJlaBalllH csmecrayeaaero aa qHnpoB~, MapTHHoBO H I'opaa Jlysa npena OCMaHCICOTO saaoeaaaae (fl. fleTPOB. COHMHPOBH'IH - 61>JIrapclCH 60JISlPCICH 'pon OT qHnpoB~. - BeICOBe, 1972, ICH. I, 16--20) H np. e~HHCTBeHHSIT n03HaT sacera Haii-paHeH UHCMeH naMeTHHIC, CB1>p3aH C HMeTO aa cemnnero, e OT cpenara aa XV B. (T1t.1)1t., II. C., 1966, c. 387).

2 TJ1I)J1, VII. c., 1986, c. 145.

3 Acta bulgariae ecclesiastica, ab A. 1565 usque ad A. 1799. Colegit et digessit P. Fr. Eusebius Fermendziu (sic. Fermendzin) ordinis S. Francisci, provinciae S. Joanis Capistrani, sacerdos. - In: Monumenta speetantia historiam slavorum meridionalium. Edidit Academia Scientiarum et Artium slavorum meridionalium. Zagrabiae, 1887, Vol. XVIII, p. XXII + 409, in 8°.

4 II. I) 0 r n a H I) a IC tu e s, Onacaaae aa l)1>JI£apHSI OT 1640. IIpeBO~ It.B . .!1;yii'leB: B Apx. II. IIp., ICH. 2, ron, II. C., 1939.

5 Iloaese ~aHHH sa TOBa Cb'lHHeHHe aa II. 1)0r~aH HMa B pafiorara aa It. B . .!1;y ii 'I e B. Coq,HiiclCaTa lCaTOJIH'Iecn apXHenHClConHSI. C., 1938; I) . .!1;HMHTpOB. Ilersp 1)0r~aH Baxurea - 61>JI£apclCH nOJIHTHIC H KCTOPHIC OT XVII BeIC. C., 1985.

6 .!1;"hJDICHM 6JIarO~apHOCT aa IIeHICa .!1;aHOBa, ICOSITO HH nosroraa sa npeo~OJISIBaHeTO aa H3BeCTHH Tpy.n;HOCTH B rrpesona, CB1>p3aHH C ynorpefeaare OT II. Bornaa HSllCOK MaJIelCTHH ~YMK H H3pa3H.

3a HaWH ~06aBICH, nOSicHlIBaII.UI H3pa3HTe, CMe CH CJIYJICHJIH C Te3H CIC06H [ ]. CIC06HTe < > CMe ynoTpe6HJIH aa JIOrH'IHO H3l1CHlIBaHe aa MHC1>JITa xpes ~06aBICH Hil H3pa3H, ynorpefena B aenpeaeneaare naCaJICH OT aasopa,

7 B rrpenxonaaa nacax IT. 1)0r~aH B1>3XBaJIlIBa 60raTCTBaTa aa "QapcTBO Bsnrapas".

8 r. KOHSIpOB. ')ICeJIeJopYMHTe aaxomnna B 1)1>JIrapaa, - ApxHB aa .!1;1>pJICaBHHTe MHHH, 1940, ICH. 3-4, 47-51.

9 H. Pa tne e a. qHnpoBCICOTO pynapcrso OT XIII no XVII BeIC. - MHHHO )leJIO 1950, ICH.3-4; EM. Max C HMOB. CTaPOTO PY)lapcTBO H MeTaJIyprHlI B qHITpOB~.B: C6. qHnpoB~. C., 1971, 133-154.

10 CTp . .!1;HMHTpOB. ')ICeJIe30PYMHTe aaxonama B qHnpOBCIC0.-EcTeCTB03HaHHe H reorpaq,HlI, 1927, ICH.

~, 169-174. .

11 r. KOHlIpOB. QHT. Cb'l., 47-51 H 57.

12 O. Davies. Ancient mining in the central Balkans. - Revue intemationale des etudes balkaniques. T. II (6). Beograd, 1938, p. 413.

13 H. TO~OpOB. l)aJIICaHCICHlIT rpaa, XI-XIXBeIC.

C., 1972, 87-88.

14 TIt.I)It., VII. C., 1986, c. 145.

15 .!1;. It. x 'I H e B. IIpHHOC nM B1>npoca sa cnaxaare B OeMaHcICaTa ~1>pJICaBa H TYPCICH ~OICYMeHTH BbPXY TlIX.C6HY, nan HCTOp . ..q,HJIOJIor., ICH. VII, 1909, 38-40.

16 QSlJIOCTHHlIT My TelCCT e ny6JIHICYBaH OT r.

K 0 H II P 0 B. PyJl3pcICH 3aICOHH B Cpe~OBeICOBHa C1>p6HlI H l)1>JIrapHSI. - B: C6. ~OICJIa~H OT II1>pBH CHMn03HYM no

50

'1eCKaTa CH H3o.CTaHaJIo.CT, Ko.BTo. npes XVI B. 6HJIa YMeJIo. xosmeacapaaa C asrpaxnaaero aa orposrea 6Po.H, ao o.T)lCHBeJHi apesrero CH MeTaJIyprH'IHH C'Lo.P'L)lCeHHB. Te3H H pen ztpyra rrpH'IHHH, CB'Lp3aHH C o.6lQHB',. ynarrsx aa OCMaHcKaTa HMrrepHB, ,llo.BeJIH no BBpHaTa Ko.HCTaTa~B aa II. Borzran sa npespsuraaero aa cpefiponofiasa B HKo.Ho.MH'IeCICH aeasronao npoaaaoncrso, Ko.eTO rrpH'IHHHJIo. snposesr H rr'LJIHo.To. My H30CTaBBHe B QHrrpo.BCKo. npes rrspsara rro.JIOBHHa na XVII B.

HCTOPHlI aa MHHHOTO neno B IOroH3To'lHa Eapona. T. II. C., 1975, 154--167.

17 Jacobi Peiaczevich. IlIyricum: in Scriptores regnum Hungaricarum, Dalmaticarum .•. , edidit. J. G. Schwandtner, Vindibonae, 1748, T. III, p. 790.

18 H. M H JI e B. KaTOJIHWlCaTa nponaraana B li1>JIrapHSI npea XVII BeIC. C., 1914, c. 25.

19 IIalC TaM, C. 27.

20 HlIlCOH OT TlIX ca ny6JIHICYBaHH: M. MHJIaHOB.

ApXeOJIOrH'IecICH o6elCTH H HaXO~H B 'IHnpoBCICHlI KpaH. -1t.3BeCTHSI aa MyJeHTe B Ceaeposananaa Bsnrapas. T. 5, 1980, 41-43.

21 CaMO B paaoaa aa rp. qHIIPOB~ 1I0HaCTOSlllleM MoraT na ce JIOICaJIH3HpaT cpeBHHTeJIHO TO'lHO, no OCTaHICHTe OT UlJIaKOBH HaTpynBaHHSI, ner lICHO paarpaHH'IeHH MeTaJIypr'!.'1HH o6eICTa: naa B '1epTHTe aa CaMHJI rpaa, CeBepHO OT uenrspa My, OT naere CTpaHH aa p. Crapa pexa, npa BJIHBaHeTO H B p. qHnpOBCKa OrOCTa; e~HH B M. JIHBarbeTO, H3TO'lHO OT rpaaa, npa ~eWHHJI CTonaHCKH )lBOP; e~HH B H3TO'lHHlI Kpaii aa M. CaMOKOB (aa OICOJIO 1-1,2 ICM 3-103 OT qHlIpoB~H) H e)lHH B sananaaa Kpaii ua csniara MeCTHOCT, na OKOJIO 250 M OT IIpe~O~HlI 06eICT. 3a oT6eJIlI3BaHe e, 'Ie H aa nerre o6eICTa CJIeMTe OT MeTaJIyprH'IHaTa ~eHHOCT HaBeJIC~aT aa MHC1>JITa aa CYllleCTBYBaHeTo aa ~eJIH npOH3BO)lCTBeHH 1C0MnJIeICCH - BH~H H caMOICOBH. 3Ha'lHTeJIHH WJIaKOBH aa'rpynsaaaa CbllleCTBYBaT H npa c. MapTHHoBO, HO 1I0paM OT)laJIe'leHOCTTa HM aa noaexe OT 6,5--7 KM OT qHnpoB~H Te ensa JIH ca 6HJIH CB1>p3aHH C ynosseaarnre B assopa 60 MeTaJIyprH'IHH CbOp1>JlCeHHlI.

22 Orpouaara 'IaCT OT Te3H H3pa60TICH ce npocrapar IIO X1>JIMOBeTe, pa3IIOJIOJICeHH ceBePHO OT qHnpoBUH. OT H3TOIC rpacero, no KoeTO ce rrpocnenasar, 3anO'IBa aan c. ')ICeJIe3Ha, IIpO~1>JIJlCaBa aa 3-C3 ~o M. Flpexon (C3 OT c. MapTHHoBO) H H30CTaBlIHICH MpaMopHaTa 30Ha, npozrsnJlCaBa aa C3 no c. rOpHH JIOM.

23 T03H q,aICT e mrrepecea He casao OT rnenaa TO'lKa sa HCTOpH'IeclCaTa reorpaq,HlI aa '1HnpOBCKHlI Kpaii. OT)laBHa e YTB1>p.n;eHO cxaautanero, 'Ie ClIeUHaJIHOTO Cb~1>pJICaHHe aa HTaJIHaHCICHTe reorpaqicsa xapra OT XVII B., rpernpanta ceseposananaare 61>JIrapclCH leMH, e H3pa60TeHO B1>3 OCHOBa npeMMHO aa CBe.n;eHHlI, naneaa OT '1HnpOBCKHTe lCaTOJIHUH. T03H aarepec aa '1HnpoB'IaHH nM cemnnero H )l0lCa3aHHlI My MeTaJIO.ll06HB no TOBa BpeMe npaasr sepoarao IIpeJlUOJIOJICeHHeTO HH sa BKJIIO'IBaHeTO aa C. rOpHH JIOM K1>M '1HnpoBCKHlI pynapcs« xac.

24TIt.IiIt., II. C., 1966, c. 387.

25 BJIC. H. MHJIeB. QHT. Cb'l., 26--27.

26 BJIC. no-nonpofino r. KOHlipOB. IIpHHOC IC1>M HCTopHlITa aa pynapcrscro H MeTaJIyprHlITa B Ii1>JIrapHlI. C., 1953, 125--139.

27 Ilax TaM, C. 127.

28 TJ1I)It., VII. C., 1986, c. 145; aa nerara, )l1>JIJlCHMa aa .!1;1>pJICaBHOTO CbKpoBHllle, BJIC. M 0 u r a d j e a d'O h sson. Tableau general de l'Empire Othoman ... Paris, 1820, p. 10.

29 Cnopea A. B 0 u e (La Turquie d'Europe. T. III.

Paris, p, 60) OT 400 OICH PYJl3 ce nOJIY'laBaJIH 200 OICH OJIOBO H 700 )lpaMa cpe6po (npH KpaTOBO).

30 BJIC. no-nonposao r. K 0 H II P 0 B. IIpHHOC ICbM ..• ,

125-139. \ .

31 Ilax TaM, 126--128.

32 Xp. Ma p s o s. ')IC~JIe3HHTe py~HHqH H Ma)laHH B CaMoKoBCIC0.-C6HY, KH. XV, c. 277; AJI. Aa ap e e a. Hsxoraunrara JlCeJIlI3Ha HH)lYCTPHSI y Hac.-J1HEM. C.,

1921, c. 129; H. MapICoB. Enao aHOHHMHO onacanae na caMOICOBCICHli )l(eJIC30~06HB OT 1880r.-rHllTM. T. 15 (non nesar).

33 Xp. MapICOB. QHT. CD,!., c. 281; AJI. An np e e a.

QRT. CD'!., c. 134; H. MapICoB. QHT. C1.'!.

_ 34 Ifpa npoyssaaero aa HlIICOH OT WJIaICOBHTe

HaTPynBaHHlI B qHnpoBCICO ce HaT1.ICHaXMe aa ~06pe OcPOpMeHH WJIaICOBH cPparMeHTH, O'!epTaBaWH CpaBHHTeJIHO lICHO ~1.raTa aa ~1.HOTO aa neurra (cerssear). IbMepBaHeTo HM MBa OCHOBaHHe na TBop~M, '!e BorpeWHoneWHOTo npOCTpaHCTBO aa '!HnpoBCICHTe )l(eJIe30~06HBHH neura, npa OCHOBaTa HM, e 6HJIO OICOJIO O,60M.

35 St. Kazimir. VYvoj produkcie drahych kovov. -In: Peniaze v nasich dejinach, Bratislava, 1976, p. 109.

36 B)I(. no-nonpofiao H. Map IC 0 B. Ilpoysaaaasra BopXY acropasra aa xepaara MeTaJIypmll no 61.JIrapcKHTe 3eMH (VII-XIXB.).-B: Tpynose no HCTOPHli H 'reopaa aa HaYICaTa H TeXHHICaTa. T. 3--:-4. C., 1987, 173-174.

37 TRIiR, VII. c., 1986, c. 145.

38 J. Coleto. Illyrici sacri. T. VIII. Venetia, 1819, p.

73.

39 (E. Fe r me n d z i n). Acta ... , p. 30.

40 J. Coleto. Op. cit., p. 73; H. MHJIeB. QRT. CD,!., c.32.

41 Haa-paaiioro CBe~eHHe aa ,!HnpoBCICHli pynapcxa xac e OT 1525--1528r. (B)I(. H. TO~OpOB. QHT. CD,!.,

87-88). '

42 .0:. R x '! H e It QHT. CD'!., c. 38.

43 B)I(. B. He~ICOB. OcMaHOTypcICa ~oMaTHICa H

naneorpadms. C., 1966, 58-59.

44 TRIiR, VII. C., 1~86, c. 145. 45.0:. RX'!HeB. QRT. CD'!., c. 38. 46 Erom TOBap = 100 000 aIC'!eTa. 47 H. TO~OpOB. QHT. CD,!., c. 88. 48 TRIiR, VII. C., 1986, c. 145.

49 A. P e cP H K. 1i0000apHli non TypcICO ynpaaneane, C., 1938, c. 59; B. WaHOB H '9. 3axapHeB. E~H TypcICH cPePMaH BoB Bpo3ICa c qHnpoBCICOTO BOCTaHHe H pa3pyweHHeTO aa qHnpOBllH. - B: Apx. Fl. IIp., rozt I (1938), ICH. 2, c. 58; Il, .0: 0 p e B. .o:OJCYMeHTH H3 TypcICHTe ~op)l(aBHH·apXHBH. q. I (1564-1872).-B: .o:oICYMeHTH sa 61.JIrapcICaTa HCTOpHli. T. III. C., 1940, c. 32.

50 H. MHJIeB. QHT. CD,!., c. 27.

U ne source peu connue concernant Ia production metallurgique de Ciprovci pendant

Ie haut Moyen Age ottoman

N_ MARKOV

( Resume)

La source proposee concernant 1a production metallurgique de Ciprovci pendant le Haut Moyen age ottoman represente un materiel singulier de cinq fragments, tires de la relation de P. Bogdan de 1640, connue sous le nom de .. Description du Royaume bulgare".

Dans la presente traduction ont ete faites certaines precisions et corrections en comparaison avec les traductions utilisees jusqu'a present par les historiens de la production metallurgique en Bulgarie de Iv. Dijeev et B. Dimitrov. En consequence, on a obtenu de nouveaux renseigments concernant la production metallurgique de Ciprovci de la premiere moitie du XVII< s. Cela nous donne une idee que dans les premieres decennies du siecle, dans la region de la ville de Ciprovci ont fonctionne 12 fours metallurgiques pour la production d'argent, dont la production annuelle atteignait jusqu'a pres de 2,5 tonnes d'argent et environ 550--600 tonnes de plomb. Est enrichi egalement Ie tableau de la production locale de fer par la

mention de la presence dans la region de 60 equipements - metallurgiques pour la production de fer, dont vraisemblablement 48 etaien de fours, tandis que 12-des martinets de forge. Contrairement a l'idee adoptee jusqu'a present de l'absence absolue de production metallurgique dans la region du village proche Zelezna pendant les annees 30 du XVII" s., les donnees de la source permettent de constater une baisse evidente dans la production, mais non pas sa cessation definitive pendant ces annees. Parallelement au commentaire de certains passages de la source, sont emises egalement certaines idees nouvelles concernant la demographic, l'etendue de la region metallurgique de Ciprovci en ce temps-la, le nombre de la population occupee dans la production metallurgique, etc.

Tout cela nous autorise a appecier Ie materiel etudie comme une source valable concernant I'histoire de I'exploitation miniere et de la metallurgic de Ciprovci pendant la premiere moitie du XVIIC s.

5\

Kpumuxa U peuensuu

EPI1HA OTO. YKPACEHATA KEPAMI1KA HA KY J1TYPI1TE CECKJ10 11 AI1MI1HI1 B TECAJ1I1R. MaRHU, 1985. 180c., 59 TaJI6HUH

Xa6HJIHTaIUlOHHHlIT TPYA aa EpHHa OTo OT YHHBepCHTeTa B I1HC6pyIC e nOCBeTeH aa B. MHJIOH'IH'I, ICORTO nOJIOllCH OCHOBHTe aa AKelIIHaTa nepaonaaauas aa aeoJIHTa B TecaJIIIlI. ABTopICaTa CH nocrasa sa sanasa no B1.3MOllCHOCT Aa pa3IIIHpH Te3H 3HaHHlI spes npHBJIH'IaHeTO aa HOBH MeTOAK H cpaBHHTeJIeH aHaJIH3 aa aese H3BeCTHHTe MarepHaJIH.

113CJleAOBaTeJIHTe aa HeOJIHTa aa r1.pIUlli H3nOJI3YBaT npa 06pa60TICaTa aa lCepaMHlCaTa npezta BCH'IICO crapara lCJIacHIjlHlCaIUloHHa CHCTeMa aa TOMnCbH, 1C01iTO 60paBH rJIaBHO C TeXHOJIOrH'IecICH ICpHTepHH H 1C0llTO B1.B see noMaJIlCa erenea orrosaps Ha AHelIIHHTe H3HCICBaHHlI cnpasro eAKO nbJIHO THnOJIOrH'leclCo H3CJIeABaHe aa T03H BHA MaTepHaJI. XapalCTepHcTHICHTe aa lCepaMlY(aTa OT Ta3H CHCTeMa HMaT TOJIICOBa IIIHpOIC XpOHOJIOrH'IecICH AHana30H, 'Ie MoraT na CJIYlICaT sa HHAHlCaTOpH aa nposseaa B paMICHTe aa rOJIeMH nepHOAH. Koraro 06a'le ce ThpcH B1.TpeIIIHOTO pa3BHTHe aa A3AeHa ICYJITypa, npaoparerHOTO HM H3nOJI3YBaHe 'IeCTO BOAK AOPH AO norpemaa H3BOAK.

113xollCAaHKH OT TOBa o6cTOllTeJICTBO, aaropsara e H3nOJI3YBaJIa 3a CBOli aHaJIH3 Ha YKpaceHaTa HeOJIHTHa KepaMHKa HliKOJIKO pa3JIH'IHH MeTOAa H B1.BellCAa B aayxao 06p1.lIIeHHe eABH HOB MeTOA, OT'IHTalll THnOJIOrHlITa aa CHMeTpHlITa aa opaaxseara. Til nOKa3Ba aarnenao peannara HCTOpH'IecKa CTOHHOCT aa HHljlopMaUHlITa, nOJIY'IeHa no II1.TlI aa OT'IHTaHe aa TeXHOJIOrH'I.ecKHTe KpHTepHH. Pe3YJITaThT e 0606111eH B Ta6JIHUH, ICOHTO OHarJIeAliBaT HHClCaTa XpOHOJIOrH'IeclCa 'IYBCTBHTeJIHOCT aa Te3H 110- Ka3aTeJIH.

06p1.111aHICH BHHMaHHe maBHO aa opHaMeHTHKaTa, aeropsara ce aansaa AO IIOCTHrHe enaa no-neraanua XpOHOJIOrH'IecKa KapTHHa aa HeOJIHTHOTO pa3BHTHe aa TecaJIHlI. 113BeCTHo e, 'Ie OpHaMeHThT e ceMaHTH'IHO Hailaarosapeaara, XpOHOJIOrH'leclCH H eTHOKYJITypHO Hail'IYBCTBHTeJIHaTa 'IaCT OT IIpaHCTOpH'IecKHTe H3BOpH. 3a CbllCaJIeHHe ztocera He pa3IIOJIaraMe C 3aAOBOJIHTeJIeH HHCTPYMeHTapHYM aa HerOBHlI THnOJIOrH'IecKH aHaJIH3. YCHJIHlITa aa Bpaaa- OTo ca HaCO'leHH HMeHHO IC1.M 3anbJIBaHeTO Ha Ta3H npa3HHHa.

JI1.pBaTa H sropara rnasa aa ICHHraTa ca IIOCBeTeHH aa MeTOAH'IecKH npo6JIeMH. OT OC06eH aarepec e nonpofiao OIIHcaHHlIT B1.B aropara rnaaa MeTOA aa aHaJIH3 no THIIOBeTe cHMeTpHH, KoilTO e npeaecea TYK OT ·lCpHCTaJIOrpaIjlHlITa. JI1.pBOHa'laJIHOTO CMYllleHHe aa 'IHrarens OT IIO'lTH 6e3IIpeueAeHTHoTo npxso npeaacsae aa MeTOABTe Ha IIpHpOAHHTe HaYKH B1.PXY apXeOJIOrH'IecKH MaTepHaJI 61.P30 OTCThnBa MliCTO aa y6ellCAeHHeTo B YMeCTHOCTTa aa aanpaeeaas OT asropxara elCcnepHMeHT. OKa3Ba ce, 'Ie MHoro OT THIIOBeTe CHMeTpHH, Ha6JIIOAaBaHH npa KpHCTaJIHTe, He cauo 'Ie HMaT npesa aHaJIOrHH B apXeOJIOrH'IecICHli opaassear, HO TlIXHaTa nosea.vpaanpoCTpaHeHHe H 3aHHICBaHe HMaT xpoaonorasecsa H eTHOKYJITypHa CToilHOCT. B CJIeABalllHTe rJIaBH ca IIOICa3aHH KOHKpeTHHTe THIIOBe CHMeTpHH, xapaxrepaa sa OTAeJIHH HeOJIHTHH ICYJITYPH. E,lUIO 6erJIO cpaBHeHHe C opHaMeHTHlCaTa Ha HeOJIHTHHTe H paHHoeHeOJIHTHH ICYJITypH OT E1.JIrapHli IIOlCa3Ba, 'Ie Til e IIOA'IHHeHa aa csunrre IIPHHUHIIH aa CHMeTpHliTa (MaKap H B APyrH ICOM6HHaUHH). T03H ljlaKT CO'lH nepclIelCTHBHOCTTa aa IIpHJIOllCeHHlI OT B. OTO MeTOA sa 61.AelllHTe H3CJleABaHHlI aa npaHCTOpH'IeCKaTa opHaMeHTHKa. TB1.PAe e B1.3MOllCHO enao cpasaaTeJIHO H3CJIeABaHe B paMICHTe aa UlIJIaTa HeOJIHTHa OilKYMYHa A3 nazte IIpH IIpHJIaraHeTO aa T03H MeTOA 60raTa HOBa 06111ecTBeHO-HKOHOMH'IecKa H eTHOICYJITypHa HH«!>opMaUHII.

52

JIperJIeA aa HCTop .. :lITa aa H3CJIeABaHeTO aa TeCaJIHiICKaTa HeOJIHTHa opHaMeHTHKa HaMHpaMe B TpeTa rnaaa, B1.B 1jl0pMaTa aa Ta6JIHUH TYK e 06XBaHaTO pa3BHTHeTO aa cxsamaaasra OTHOCHO OTHOCHTeJIHaTa XpOHOJIOrHlI aa TeCaJIHilclCHli HeOJIHT. KapTHHaTa e TaKaBa, 'Ie 6H MOrJIO na ce lCallCe - KOJIKOTO H3CJleAOBaTeJIH, TOJIICOBa OTHOCHTeJIHH XpOHOJIOrHH. 061110B3eTO, AOMHHHpaT MHeHHlITa aa aBTOXTOHHOTO pa3BHTHe Ha TeCaJIHilcKHTe HeOJIHTHH KYJITYPH (xoraro KOHTHHYHTeThT e HeABYCMHCJIeH), HO IIpH nossara aa HHOBauHH TB1.PAe 'IeCTO aa npenea IIJIaH H3JIH3aT TeHAeHUHH re na ce 0611CHliBaT C BJIHlIHHlI OTB1.H. 061110 B3eTO, T03H pen aa MHCJIH He e 'IYlICA aa csspeseeaaara npaHCTOpH'IeClCa aayxa, MalCap BepHIjlHlCaUHlITa aa TalCHBa cranoaama na e H31CJI1O'IHTeJIHO TpYAHa.

QeTB1.pTaTa rnaaa e IIOCBeTeHa aa opHaMeHTHKaTa aa paHHOHeOJIHTHHTe KYJITYPH JIPOTOCecKJIO, JIpeAcecKJIO I, JIpeAcecKJIO II (paaaa MarYJIHua) H Flpencecxno III (KbCHa MarYJIHua). YCTaHoBliBa ce, 'Ie OTAeJIHHTe opaaMeHTH H THIIOBe CHMeTPHH ca 06B1.p3aHH C KOHKpeTHH TeXHOJIOrH'IecICH xareropaa KepaMHKa. 113BoAHTe aa asropxara H3UlIJIO nOTB1.pllCAaBaT nepHoAH3aUHlITa na B. MHJIOH'IH'I aa paHHHlI HeOJIHT aa TeCaJIHlI. B paMICHTe aa JIpeAceCKJIO III asropxara npocnenasa IIpOMIiHa B opHaMeHTHKaTa, KOliTO 6eJIellCH KOHTHHYHTH8HOTO npepaCTBaHe aa KYJITypaTa MarYJIHua B KYJITypaTa CeCKJIo. CTaBa AYMa sa YTB1.pllCAaBaHeTO aa HMnpecoKepaMHKaTa H aa 'IepBeHHlI "oTMHBaH" opaaveur, KOHTO IIpOAbJIlICaBaT CBoeTO CbllleCTBYBaHHe H B paMICHTe aa KYJITypaTa CeCKJIO. Ta3H KOHcTaTaUHlI HMa BallCHO aaaneaae aa CHHXPOHH- 3aUHlITa C 6bJIrapcKHTe MaTepHaJIH H oco6eHO C Te3H OT 3alIaAHa E1.JIrapHlI, ThM KaTO H ABeTe TeXHHKH ce nosasaar TaM B xpas aa rrspsara nOJIOBHHa na paHHHlI HeOJIHT. OT TOBa CJIeABa, 'Ie Kapaaoso II H nOJIHXpOMHHTe erana aa ICYJITypaTa aa 3alIaAH06bJIrapclCaTa pncyaaaa KepaMHlCa ca CHHXPOHHH C KYJITypaTa Cecxno,

B nera rnasa e pasrnenaaa opHaMeHTHKaTa aa KYJITypaTa CecKJIO. MliCTOTO aa nOJIHpaHHII opaasaear OT npenxozunrre erana cera ce saesra OT 'IepBeHHlI "oTMHBaH" opaaxsear, 6e3 TOBa na anaca csuiecraeaa nposrxaa B H3IIOJI3YBaHHTe. MOTHBH. B nO-KbCHHTe erana aa KYJITYpara ($a3H II BIIII A) ce noasaaa B1.pTlIlllaTa CHMeTpHlI, KOliTO e xapaKTepHa 3a nO-KbCHOTO pa3BHTHe Ha opHaMeHTHKaTa B TecaJIHlI. OUOBOP aa asnpoca 06a'le, K1.Ae e n1.pBOH3TO'lHHIC1.T aa T03H HOB THII CHMeTPHlI, sacera He MOllCe na ce ztane, T1.H lCaTO TOM npennonara HaJIH'IHeTO aa TO'lHH CHHXPOHH33UHH CbC CbceAHHTe TepHTOpHH, C KaKBHTO zmec He pa3IIOJIaraMe.

Ha 6a3aTa na THnOBeTe CHMeTpHH H3CJIeAOBaTeJIKaTa OTKpHBa penana 06111H eJIeMeHTH MellCAY KYJITypHTe CecKJIO H AHMHHH, ljla3a TCaHrJIH. Til npeanonara, 'Ie aa H3BeCTeH IIepHOA Te3H KYJITYPH ca CblllecTBYBaJIH eAHOapeseeaao B pa3JIH'IHH 'IaCTH na TecaJIHlI. TOBa craaosame He e npHeMJIHBO, T1.H lCaTO e H3BeCTHO, 'Ie KYJITypHTe ce CMeHlIT B rOJIeMH 6JIOKOBe, a B CJIY'Iali He CTaBa AYMa sa JIOKaJIHO 3aMeCTBaHe aa KYJITypaTa CecKJIO OT KYJITypaTa AHMHHH, a aa AbJI60KH H3MeHeHHlI B uana IOroH3To'lHa Eapona.

JIeTa rnaaa e nOCBeTeHa na aHaJIH3a aa opnasseaTHlCaTa aa KYJITypaTa ,lJ;HMHHH. Bese ny6JIHICYBaHHTe TpYAOBe aa X. Xaynrsraa TYIC 06JIeIC'IaBaT 3Ha'lHTeJIHO paoorara aa asropxara, Crpararpaecsare Ha6JIIOAeHHlI OT pa3IConICHTe aa cenaumara MOrHJIa ArHlI COIjlHlI If AaBaT B1.3MOllCHOCT na 06oc06H HlIlCOJIICO HOBH nonerana B pa3BHTHeTO na ICYJITypaTa AHMHHH H na nane MaJIKO nopa3JIH'IHO CbA1.pllCaHHe aa HlIICOH OT ljla3HTe If. $OPMYJIHpaHH ca CJleAHHTe ljla3H H IIOAljla3H: AHMHHH 1- QJa3a TCaHrJIH; AHMHHH II a-ljla3a Apana; AHMHHH II B-ArHlI COIjlHlI 5; ,lJ;HMHHH III a-ArHlI COIjlHII 4; AHMHHH III B-ArHlI COIjlHlI 3 (y XaYIITMaH-ljla3a OTUaJCH A); ,lJ;HMHHH IV a - ArHII COIjlHII 2 (y Xayrrrssau

- 4Ia3a OTQaICH B);. ~HMHHH IV B - ArHB C04lHB 1 (ICJIaCH'IecICo ~HMHHH); ~HMHHH IV C-IC'bCHO ICJIaCH'IecICo ~HMHHH. KepaMHICaTa aa T. Hap. ICYJITypa Jlapaca e oraeceaa OT Ii. OTo maBHO IC1.M HeHHaTa 4Ia3a ArHB C04lHB 5, HO ce npocneassa ICaTO C1.npOBOlK.J{aIQO IIBJIeHHe H.B zrpyrare erana aa ICYJITypaTa. C TOBa TB nOTB1.plK.J{aBa ICOHCTaTaQHHTe aa K. raJIHC OT pa3IConICHTe My aa CeJIHIQHaTa MOrHJIa 3apICO, 'Ie T. Hap. Jlapaca He e caMOCTOBTeJIHa xynrypa H 4IaICT1.T, 'Ie B XpOHOJIOrHna aa rp1.QICHIi HeOJIHT naec C1.IQecTB)'Ba npasaaaa, OTrOBapBIQa no B~peMe aa HalIIHII cpenea H IC1.ceH eHeOJIHT.

Ilpa YCTaHOBeHOTO ICO~HHYHTHBHO pa3BHTHe aa ICYJITypaTa ~HMHHH B TecaJIHB opHaMeHTaJIHHTe CHCTeMH H TeXHHTe THnOBe CHMeTpHH He ca crporo 06B1.PJaHH IC1.M OT~eJIHHTe 4Ia3H, a npeMHHaBaT OT enaa 4la3a B npyra, B

ANNA ET JARO SASEL. INSCRIPTIONES LATINAE, quae in lugoslavia inter annos MCMII et MCMXL repertae et editae sunt. _:_ SITU LA, t. 26. Ljubljana, 1986. 533 p. et I tabula.

ABTOPH aa TOBa xpynao aaysao npOH3Be~eHHe (T. III) ca OTHOBO AHHa H Jlpo Illamen OT CJIOBeHCICaTa aICaJIeMHII aa HaYICHTe B JII06JIIiHa. Te 06Hapo~Baxa C1.IQO npenxoaHHTe ztaa TOMa (1963 H 1978r.). TyIC peueasapaaasr TPy~ ofixaaura BCH'IICH JI a T H H C IC H H a n n H C H*, OTICpHTH aa reparopasra aa ~. CcJ)P IOrOCJIaBHII H H3~aJIeHH npea nepaona 1902-1940 r. 8 Hell BJIH3aT pHMCICHTe npOBHHQHH:

J];aJIMaQHII, nO'ITH QBJIa Fopaa MH3HB, rOJIeMH 06JIaCTH OT Fopaa H J];OJIHa llaHOHHII, ICaICTO H MaJIICH '1aCTH OT J];OJIHa MH3HII, TpaICHII, HOPHIC H HTaJIHII (PerHOH X). Bnarpad» CICHTe naMeTHHQH ca noapenea» no npOBHHQHH, ICaTO sa BceICH Ha~HC ca OT6e.nllJaHH:. MIiCTOTO aa HaMHpaHe, JIaTHHCICHIiT TeICCT, C1.QTBeTHaTa nareparypa H ICpaT1.IC ICOMeHTap. 8 xpas na TOMa ca npHJIOllCeHH 13 MHoro QeHHH H H ~ e IC C H aa: M1.lICICHTe H lICeHCICHTe HMeHa, TeXHHTe lcorHOMHHH, HMeHaTa aa PHMcICHTe HMnepaTopH H aa HMnepaTopcICHIi ~OM, aa ICOHcYJIHTe, CnHC1.IC aa BoeHHHTe '1aCTH (JIerHOHH, nOMOIllHH BOHeICH H 4IJIOTa), peJIHrHII, PHMcICHTe TPH6H, rpaJICICOTO yrrpaaneaae, reorpaocea nOlCa3aJIeQ, C1.rJIacYBaHe aa CIL III HAn. ep, C HOMepaQHBTa aa HaJInHCHTe B HOBHB TOM aa aaropare. Ilpanoxeaara B ICpali reorpaecsa sapra ynecasaa nOJI3YBaHeTO aa TOMa, lCaICTO H nasa npencraea sa pa3JIH1fHaTa HaCHTeHOCT aa enHrpa4lcICHli MaTepHaJI B pa3JIH1fHHTe 06JIaCTH. HeC1.MHeHO HanHcaHHIIT C rOJIBMa ~06pOC1.BeeTHOCT H KOMneTeHTHOCT Tpy~ aa AHHa H Jlpo Illauren uie nOJI3YBa He casro IOrOCJIaBCICHTe enarpaoa, apXeOJI03H H cneQHJIHCTH no crapa HCTOPHII, HO H cneQHaJIHCTH OT npyra CTpaHH. Fopecnosseaarare npoBHHQHH ca 6HJIH B C1.Ce~CTBO H B TeCHH Bp1.3KH C ~H. 61.JIrapcICH 3eMH, KOHTO npes enoxara aa Flpamumara ca BJIH3aJIH B npenenare aa J];OJIHa MH3HB (003 Cesepaa J];06py~a), rOJIeMH 1faCTH OT TpaKHB H MaJIKO JeMH OT I'opaa MH3HlI H MaKeJ{OHHII.

B T03H TOM ce HaT1.KHaXMe Ha pe~Qa H~HCH C QHBHJIeH H soeaea xapaxrep, KOHTO HMaT OTHOlIIeHHe C HalIIHTe 3eMH npea pHMCKaTa enoxa.

llO-~OJIy ute ce cnpeM Ha HIIICOJIKO npassepa:

OT C. Kpynau ~O llHPOT npOH3XO~ ensa MHJIHapHa~ KOJIOHa (N! 1459) (aa rp1.QlCH e3HK), H3~rHaTa B 1feeT aa HMnepaTOp IOJIHH cJ)HJIHn ABryCT Apa6 H aa aerosara csnpyra MapQHII OTaQJIHB Cesepa ABrYCTa, xoraro ynpaaaren aa npoBHHlUI1i Tpaxas 6HJI CelCCT cJ)YPHHH lly6JIHaH (247). 3a nOCTaBIiHeTO aa KOJIOHaTa ce nOrpHlICHJI rpaa llaYTaJIHB (KlOCTe~), CBH.lleTeJICTBO, 1fe T03H paHoH npHHa,lUIelICaJI K1.M ceaepaara 1faCT aa rpanesara My TepHTopHB. Hec-&MHeHO Ta3H KOJIOHa CTOBJIa aa IleaTPaJIHHII nvr CHHr~HYM - BH3aHTHOH B orcessara HaHCYC- Cepnaza,

81.B <pparMeHTHpaH Ha~HC (sanaseaa nOCJIe~HTe '1eTHpH pena) OT C. rOJIy6aQ.Ha J];yHasa B Fopaa MH3HB ce rosopa sa JIHQe, 1C0eT0 npoH3XO~O OT Ecsyc (c. Farea, 06IQHHa rYMHIUI, JIoBClIIICa 06JIaCT)-n(atione) (O)escenses (sic?) (Nil 1373).

OT lCacTeJIa THMaKYM MHHYC B Fopaa MH3HlI npoaaxoxnar ~ MHoro HHTepecHH aazmaca, CB1.p3aHH C 1C0JIOHHlI PaQHaPHB (~. c. Ap1fap, B~HCKa 06IQHHa, MHXaiiJIoBrpaJIClCa 06JIaCT), Kono OTCTOH OT Hero aa

Ta3H CBeTJIHHa CTaBa IICHO, 1fe OT.lleJIHHTe 4la3H He MoraT 61..llaT PB3KO pasrpaaaseaa enaa OT npyra H 4IoPMYJIHpanero HM e _B1.3MOllCHO no-cxopo aa 6a3aTa aa CTaTHCTH1feCKHTe npHOpHTeTH 3a OT~eJIHHTe nOKa3aTeJIH. Ilpa TOBa nOJIOllCeHHe H3CJIe.llOBaTeJIIiT BHHarH e H3npaBCH npen onaCHOCTTa .ll~ !PoPMYJIHpa nOBC1fe HJIH nO-MaJIKO aa 6POH 4Ia3H OT peanao, C1.IQecTBYBaJIHTe.

, PeQeH3HpaHHllT TPY.ll aa B. OTo e Kpa'lICa aanpen B TOBa aanpaaneaae. OT rnenaa TO'lKa aa IiaJIlCaHCICaTa npaacropas TOH e eJIHH aarepecea MeTO.llH'IecKH npHHOC H np~nH'IecKoTO My aanonaysaae B pafiorara aa BceKH, KOHTO ce JaHHMaBa C HeOJIHTa aa IOfOH3T01fHa Espona, e sa rrpenopsxaaae,

XEHPHETA TOJ];OPOBA

OKOJIO 60 KM ceBCpOH3TO'lHO. 8 nl.pBHII naMeTHHK ce cnosreaaaar HMeHaTa aa 1fetHpHMa 6paTII, .llBaMa OT KOHTO - lly6JIHH EJIHH llPOKy'JI H lly6JIHH EJIHH ABHT, 6HJIH .lleKypHOHH (rpaJICKH C1.BerHHIUI) HaPaQHapHB. B1.B BTOpHIi Ha~HC H"ICOH CH KJIeMeHTHH 6HJI OTJIH1feH C B1.HlIIHHTe OOJIe3H Jl:a nesypaoaara-c-otrnatus) o(rnamentis) dec(urionalibus) col(oniae). TOH He e 6HJI rpaJICKH C1.BCTHHK, HO 6HJI BHCOKO OTJIH1feH HeC1.MHeHO nopaaa rOJIeMH 3aCJIyrH K1.M T03H rpan (N! 1316, 1317).

H3BCCTeH 6POH Ha~HCH 6HJIH H3JIHfHaTH OT BoeHHH JIHQa aa I HTaJIHHCKHJIerHOH (c nOCTOBHeH narep B HOBC, aa 4 KM H3T01fHO OT CBHIllOB OT 69 r. aa H. e. HaTaT1.K), ICOHTO 6HJIH TaM aa CJIyllC6a HJIH ca ce 3aceJIHJIH ICaTO BCTepaHH saenno C'b,C CBOHTe ceMeHCTBa. TyIC IQe ce cnpess HaICpaTKO B1.PXy TBX.

B enacxoncrara 6a3HJIHKa aarpaa CT06H (MasenoHHII) OT VB. aa H. e. 6HJI BTOPH'IHO ynorpeeea KaTO CTpOHTeJIeH MaTepHaJI eJIHH H~HC OT sropara nOJIOBHHa na La, HMeTO aa JIHQeTO He e aanaseao. To e CJIYllCHJIO B IV cJ)JIaBHeB JIerHOH ICaTO QeHTypHoH, a C1.1ll0 TaICa B X JIerHOH - IiJIH3HaK (c narep B1.B 8HH.ll060Ha, JIB. 8HeHa) H B I HTaJIHHCICH JIerHOH (B HOBe). Ha.llnHC1.T e HaMp06eH H 6HJI H3.llHrHaT OT zrsuiepsra cJ)HJIOTepa (1253).

HIiKOJIKO naMeTHHKa npoxaxoxnar OT J];aJIMaQHII. 8 aHTH'IHOTO ceJIHIQe CKeJIaHH (tlH. Cpe61.pHHQa) raH IOJIHH XepKYJIaH HanpaBHJI nocaemeaae aa ACICJIenHH H XHrHB. TOH 6HJI OOHe4lHlUlapHH KOHCYJIapHC aa I HTaJIHHCICH JIerHOH B ~OJIHa MH3HlI ( ... b(ene)f(iciarius) co(n)s(ularis) leg(ionis) I Ital(iacae) Moes(iae) Inf(erioris) ... ) J];aTa II B. (N!1522). J];pyrHTe TpH HaJInHCa OT J];aJIMaQHII ca OT CaJIOHa H OT OICOJIHOCTTa. Y JInHH IOCTHH 6HJI OOHe<PHQHapHH aa I HTaJIHHCKH JIerHOH H lICHBIiJI 30 rO.llHHH (II B.) (N!2087). 81.B 4IparMeHTHpaH naMeTHHIC ce cnosreaasa ;tHQe OT I HTaJIHHCKH JIerHOH (HMeTO He e aanaseao), 1C0eT0 cJIYlICeJIo 23 rOtlHHH (III B.) (N!2611). 8 npyr, CHJIHO paspytuea naMeTHHIC ce cperua HMeTO aa I HTaJIHHCKH JIerHOH (III B.) (N! 1612).

B TpH enarpaocxa naMeTHHKa ce ynosreaaaar JIHQa OT V MaKe.llOHClCH JIerHoH{N! 1532, 2807, 2089). 06a'le Te ce narapar B1.B, II B., T. e. xoraro BC'Ie T03H JIerHOH HanYCHaJI Ecsyc H ce oTnpaBHJI sa Tpe3MHC, lC1.tleTO B 168 r. ro H3OCTaBHJI, aa na crane aa tlpyr nOCTOIlHeH narep B Iloraaca B J];alCHli no 271 r.

OT npoBHH1UI1i J];aJIMalUlli npoaaxoxnar HIiKOJIKO aannaca aa JIHQa OT XI KJIaBJIHeB JlerHOH, OTHaCIIIQH ce K1.M rrspaara nOJIOBHHa aa Ls, H MaJIlCO cnen TOBa. T03H JIerHOH, cnea lCaTO B3eJI Y1faCTHe B nsere ~KHHCICH BOHHH aa HMnepaTOp TpUH B 10l/J02 H 105/I06r., 6HJI HaCTaHeH aa nOCTOIlHeH narep B J];YPOCTOPYM (CHJIHCTpa). Te ca BallCHH sa npocnensaaae HCTopHIiTa aa JIerHOHa H sa .llBHlICeHHeTO aa HerOBHTe BoeHHH 1fHHOBC.

PeQeH3HpaHHlIT TPY.ll C1.tl1.pllCa 60ran H pa3HOO- 6pa3Ha HH4IoPMalUlB B1.PXy eTHH'IecKHII C1.CTaB H pa3JIH'IHHTe acnexra aa 06IQc:'cTBCHHII, BoeHHHII; peJIHrH03HHlI H '1aCTHHB lICHBOT aa PHMCKHTe npO'HHIUIH, KOHTO zisec BJIH3aT B nOJIHTH1fecKHTe rpaHHIUI aa CcJ)PIO.

CJIe~IQHTe TOMOBC IQe 06XBaHaTJIaTHHCICHTe HaJInHCH, ny6JIHKYBaHH cnea 1940r. Te ce O'laKBaT cbIQO C rOJIliM HaY'leH aarepec,

* HlIlCOJIKO aannaca B T03H TOM ca aa rp1.QKH e3KK, a ~pyrH ca 6HJIHHrBH (JIaTHHCKH H rp1.QKH).

PYMEH H8AH08

53

lIpezAed

XXXIII HaI1;HOHaJIHa KOHcpepeHI1;H5l B

OT 9 )l0 12 MaH 1988 r, ApxeonorH'IecICHliT HHCTHTYT C MYleH IIpH bAH, rJIaBHa )lHpeICIlHlI "KYJITYPHOHCTOPH'IecICO HaCJIe)lCTBo" IIpH KOMHTeTa sa ICYJITypa H HaY1fHO-llPOH3BO)l~ CTBeHa )lHpeICIlHlI "KYJITYPHO-HCTOPH'IecICO HaCJIe)lCTBo", peen. IiICTOpH1feCICHlIY MY3eH B Bnaroesrpan, opraaasapaxa B rpana XXXIII HaIlHOHaJIHa 1C0H4!epeHIlHlI 110 apXeOJIOrHlI. Bsxa OT'IeTeHH pe3YJITaTHTe OT apXeOJIOrH'IecICHTe pa31C0IIICH H IIpoY1fBaHHlI npes 1987 r. Bsxa o6c1.)leHH H B"bllpocH, CB'bp3aHH C MeTO)lHlCaTa aa apxeonorH'IecICHTe pa31C0IIICH, C"bBMecTHaTa pafiora C HIiIIIK, B'bllPOCH aa apxeonorasecsara xapra aa li'bJIrapHlI, aa MeTO)lHlCaTa aa CllaCHTeJIHHTe pasICOIIICH.

XXXIII HaIlHOHaJIHa 1C0H4!epeHIlHlI 6e oTlCpHTa OT IIp~. BeJIH3ap BeJIICOB, H. n, napesrop aa ApxeonorH1feCICHli HHCTHTYT C MY3eH IIpH bAH. TOH H3TbICHa rOJIeMHTe IIOCTHlICeHHlI aa 6'bJIrapclCaTa apXeOJIOrHlI npes H3TeICJIaTa 1987 r. B HaIlHOHaJIeH H B MellC,!lYHapo)leH aCllelCT H HaCO'lH 1C0H4!epeHIlHlITa IC'bM HlIlCOH BallCHH H sepeureaa IIp06JIeMH, lCaTO IIPHBellC)laHeTO B H3BeCTHOCT Ha HaWeTO ICYJITYPHO HaCJIe)lCTBO (cePH03HO H30- CTaBa IIy6JIHICYBaHeTo Ha pe)lHIla 3aB'bpWeHH sese apXeOJIOrH'IecICH 06eICTH), He06xo)lHMOCTTa OT 1I0)l0- 6pllBaHeTO aa MeTO)lHlCaTa aa apxeoJIOrH'IecICHTe pa31C0IIICH 1fpe3 BHe)lpllBaHeTO aa 1I0Be'le C"bBpeMeHHH Hay'IHO-TeXHH'IecICH cpencrsa IIpH )lOICYMeHTaIlHlITa, He06xo)lHMo e aICTHBH- 3HpaHe Ha pa60TaTa 110 apXeOJIOrHxecsara xapra aa li'bJIrapHlI, 110 HallHCBaHeTO aa MHorOTOMHaTa "ApXeOJIOrHlI aa b'bJ1rapHlI".

IIo Tpa)lHIlHlI II'bPBOTO sacenaHHe aa apxeonorasecxara 1C0H4!epeHIlHlI 6e nOCBeTeHO aa apXe0J10rH'IecICHTe pa31C0IIICH H llPOY'IBaHHlI Ha TepHTopHliTa aa rpaaa )lOMaICHH, B cJ1Y'Iali aa apXe0J10rHlITa aa IIHPHHCICHli ICpaH.

IiIJI. ROBlCoB, )lHpeICTOp aa IiICTOPH'IecICHli MYleH, npencrasa C"bCTOllHHeTO H IIp06J1eMHTe aa ICYJ1TYPHOHCTOPH'IecICOTO HaCJ1e)lCTBO B IIHPHHCICHli ICpaH. TOH nonsepra, 1fe B nepaona CJ1e)l 1970 r. 110 BpeMe aa roraaa nposeneaara HaIlHOHaJIHa 1C0H4!epeHIlHlI B Bnaroesrpaa e 6HJ1a pa3pa60TeHa apxeoJIOrH1fecKa llporpassa, 1C0llYO sa IIOCJ1e,!lBaJIHlI II nepaoa e Be1fe 1I01fTH H3I1'bJlHeHa. AeHCTBHTeJ1HHTe pe3YJ1TaTH OT Te3H

54

apXeOJIOrHQeCKa Bnaroearpan

IIpOY'IBaHHlI 6l1xa IIOCO'leHH B CJ1e)lBaUUlTe )l01CJla,!lH: aa 11. IIepHH1feBa (AIiIM), 1iIJ1. KYJ10B (Bnaroesrpan) - 3a IIpaHCTOpH'IecICHTe ICYJ1yypH H apXe0J10rH'IecKH pa31C0IIICH, aa A. Teproaa (AIiIM) sa npoY'IBaHHlITa aa 1paICHHCICaTa ICYJ1Typa B IIHPHHCICHli ICpaH, )lOBeJ1H no J10lCaJIH3HpaHeTo H pa3ICpHBaHeTO na 3Ha'lHTeJ1eH 6pOH 06eICTH OT I XHJ1. IIp. H. e., aa M. DalCJ1HHOBa (AIiIM) - sa IIpoY1fBaHHlITa B HHICOIIOJ1HC an HeCTPYM, aa b. U,BeTICOB (Bnaroesrpan) - aa 110- ceJIHlllHHlI lICHBOT B IIHPHHCICHli ICpaH npea cpe)lHOBeICOBHeTo, aa D. Heuresa (AIiIM)-3a IIpoY1fBaHHlITa H npo- 6J1eMHTe aa cpe)lHOBeICoBHHlI MeJ1- HHIC.

3ace)laHHeTO aa 10 MaH 6e IIOCBeTeHO Ha OT1feTHTe Ha ceICIlHHTe IIpH AIiIM aa HaH-BallCHHTe pa31C0IIICH H OTlCpHTHli npes 1987r. Ha llpe)106e)lHOTO saceaaaae 6l1xa H3CJIywaHH nae ceICIlHH: 110 npaacropas H 110 TpaICHHCICa apXeOJIOrHlI.

CeICIlHlITa 110 IIpaHCTopHli llpe)lCTaBH spes )lOICJ1a)la aa IiIB. Fanos (AIiIM) pe3YJ1TaTHTe OT IIpOY'IBaHHlITa Ha o6eICTHTe OT elloxaTa Ha naJIeOJ1HTa, xpea noxnana aa CT. 1I0xa)lllCHeB (KIOCTeH)lHJ1)- pe3YJITaTHTe OT pa3ICpHBaHeTO aa CeJIHlQeTO IIpH C. CJ1aTHHO H spes 0606IQHTeJ1- HHlI )l01CJ1a)l aa 1iIJ1. IiIJIHeB (j(M60J1) -pe3YJ1TaTHTe OT IIpoY1fBaHHlITa aa HeOJ1HTHHTe H XaJIICOJ1HTHH 06eICTH aa TepHTopHliTa aa b'bJ1rapHli. {)co- 6eHO snesarneaae B noxnana aa CT. 1I0xa)lllCHeB aanpasa OTICpHTHTe npenaera, CB'bp3aHH C apxeoacrpoHOMHlITa (OT TOBa CeJIHlQe npoaaxoxna H HaH-CTapHliT J1YHeH lCaJIeHnap), xaxro H enaa OTKpHTa CTaTYHlCa Ha lICeHa - 3a6eJ1ellCHTeJ1eH lIaMeTHHIC Ha IIpaHCTOpH'IecICOTO H3ICYCTBO.

D CeICUHilTa no TpaICHHCICa apxeoJIOrHlI rosopaxa: M. K'bH'IeB (HOBa 3aropa)-3a norpefianaare 06pe)lH OT 6pOH30BaTa enoxa B llpoY1feHHTe npea 1987r. 06eICTH; M. Jlasapoa (Bapna), K. Ilopoxaaoa (IiI-T 110 TpalCOJIOrHlI) H D. IIOIIOB (QMIiIAC0301l0J1) - 3a BallCHHTe MHor06pOHHH HaXO,!lICH - lCepaMHlCa H lICHBOTHHCKH, oc06eHO ICOHCICH ICOCTH, npoasxOllC,!lalllH OT paHH06pOH30BOTO ceJ1HlQe IIpH YP)lOBH3a, IIPH)l06HTH IIpH 1I0)lBO)lHH llpoY'IBaHHlI; A. ROIlOBa (DH)lHH) - sa nocenaunsaa lICHBOT npea 6p03HOBaTa H lICeJ1li3HaTa enoxa B npoyaaaaaara llpe3 1987 r.; ,A. reprosa (AIiIM) HAT. Ilacapes (D. T'bPHO-

BO)-3a CllaCHTeJ1HHTe pa3KonKH Ha rpasaacxara MOrHJ1a IIpH c. KsnaHOBO, npH KOHTO ca 6HJ1H OTlCpHTH eJJHHCKH HMIIOPTHH npenssera, cjlalCT, KOHTO nOCTaBII HHTepeeHH IIp06J1eMH sa rrsrmuara H MecTaTa, no KOHTO )lOCTHra eJ1HHCKaTa TbprOBHlI H BP'b3- ICH; r. KHTOB (AIiIM)-3a MOrHJ1HHlI HeKpOnOJ1 IIpH C. Pasaorop B PO)lOIIHTe, K'b)leTO ca OTICPHTH KYIIOJ1HH rp06HHIlH, sacera e)lHHCTBeHHTe B Bsnrapas, asrpaneaa aa Ha.!lMopclCa BHCO'lHHa nan 1 ()()() M H C"b)l'bpllCaIQH YHHKaJIHH HaXO)lKH OT K"bCHOeJ1HHHCTH'IecKaTa enoxa; r. HexpH30B (HIiIIIK) aanpasa 0606weHHe na npoY1fBaHHRTa Ha TpaICHHCICH HeICpo- 1I0mi H CBeTHJ1Hwa OT lICeJ1l13HaTa enoxa,

D celCIlHRTa 110 aHTH'IHa apxeoJIOrHR T. IiIBaHoB (AIiIM) npencrasa 0606wHTeJ1eH .!l01CJ1a)l aa HerOBHTe )l'bJIrOrO)lHWHH npOY'IBaHHlI aa cjloPYMa aa YJ1I1HlI EcICYC. lIpe3 enaa MHoro npenasao H3pa60TeHa )lOKYMeHTaIlHR OT apx. 10. «Il'bPKOB 6e npe)lCTaBeH B nJ1aH H B peICOHCTPYICIlHII HaH-)l06pe npoY'IeHHIIT cjlOPYM B b'bJ1rapHR. Oc06eHO anesarneaae npaBIIT xpasrsr aa KanHTOJIHHClCaTa rpaana H xpasn.r aa «Il0pTYHa. CT. ,AaMIIHoB (HIiIM) H II. baJ1a6aHOB (Byprac) npencraaaxa xpes cjlHJ1M C"bBpeMeHHOTO C"bCTOIlHHe H .!lOCTHlICeHHRTa Ha pa3KonICHTe B ,AeYJ1TYM. OTKPHTH ca sese 3Ha'lHTeJ1HH IIJlOWH OT TepHTopHliTa Ha pHMCKaTa K0J10- HHlI, OTKpHTH ca OCTaHICH OT 6POH- 30BH CTaTYH, OT Ha)lnHCH C BallCHH sa acropasra aa rpana )laHHH. D. CTOH'IKOB (110M) H P. IiIBaHOB (AIiIM) npencrasaxa pe3YJ1TaTHTe OT pasKOIIKHTe B AJ1MYC, na, 110M - sa IIp'bB n'bT ca OTKpHTH OCTaHKH OT K"bCHOaHTH'IHaTa ICpenOCT H OT cpenaose- 1C0BHHlI rpaa (D. CTOH1fKOB) H pe3YJ1- TaTHTe OT TepeHHOTO 06XOllC)laHe aa 'IaCTH OT J1HMeca B pakoaa AJ1MYCPauaapas (D. CTOH'IKOB H P. IiIBaHOB). 10. bOllCHHOBa (Bnaroesrpan) )lOKJIa)lBa 0606IQeHO 3a pe3YJ1TaTHTe OT pa3KoUICHTe Ha aHTH'IHHlI HelCpo- 1I0JI npa c. MYJ1eTapOBo, .!laJ1H MHoro HaXO,!lICH - HMllopTHpaHa rp'bUKa xepaMHlCa, TepaKoTH, HaKHTH H np. Cn. Mauros (Bpaua) .!lOICJIa.!lBa aa pas- 1C0IIICHTe aa pHMCK~ BHJ1a C MaB30J1eH npa c. Ypaexe.

D ceKUHlITa no cpenaosesosaa apXe0J10rHlI, 1C'b.!leTO e pafioreao aa HaH-MHoro 06eICTH B usnara crpaaa, Te 6l1xa npencraseaa 0606weHo. Hp,

Illepeaa (AI1M) aanpasa nO,Llp06Ha HHlj>opMaIJ;HJI C aHlUIH3 aa pe3YJITaTHTe OT apxeonoraxecxare npoysBaHHJI aa Cpe,LlHOBeKOBHHTe ceJIHIIJ;a H rpanose C ornen aa np06JIeMHTe, 'IC,OHTO CTOJIT B TJlXHOTO no-naraT'bWHO npoyssaae. CT. DOHeB (IllyMeH) H CT. BHTJIJlHOB (WYMeH) ,LlOKJIa,LlBaXa aa pa3KOnKHTe Kpail: IOlKHaTa KpenOCTHa CTeHa aa B'bTpeWHHJI rpan B'bB BeJIHKH I1pecJIaB, )1.. Torrraaoa (AI1M)-3a pe3YJITaTHTe OT npoyssaaara OT aero KpenOCT Kpacen ICpail:, I1aHarIOpHIIJ;e, B. )1.HMOBll (HI1M) H D. )1.HMHTPOB (HI1M)-3a pasxonICHTe aa MaHaCTHpa "CB. RoaH FlpenTe1fa" aa OCTpoBa ICpail: C030nOJI. OrKPHTH ca sese MOHYMeHTaJIHH, nofipe aanaseaa OCTaHKH OT T03H BalKeH sa HCTOpHJlTa aa C030nOJI cpenuoaesoaea MaHaCTHp.

.3aCe,LlaHHeTO aa II Mail: 6e noc-:

BeTeHO aa np06JIeMHTe aa MeTO,LlHKaTa Ha apXeOJIOrH1fecKHTe npoY1fBaHHJI H aa npo6JIeMH, CB'bp3aHH C'bC B3aHMOOTHOWeHHJlTa H C'bBMecTHaTa pafiora C HI1I1K no np06JIeMHTe aa ICoHCepBaIJ;HOHHo-peCTaBpaIJ;HOHHaTa ,LleHHOCT npe,LlHMHO aa TepHTOpHJIra aa I1HPHHCKHJI Kpail:.

Apx. Pocea MHHKOB (HI1I1K) rosopa no np06JIeMHTe aa TepHTopHaJIHHJI nonxoa K'bM KYJITypHOTO HacJIe,LlCTBO H apXeOJIOrH1feCKaTa xapra aa D'bJIrapHJI H no np06JIeMHTe aa excnepasseara Bnaroearpaa, B KOJIeKTHBHHJI ,LlOKJIa,Ll aa M. )1.oMapa,LlCKH, T. DaJIa6aHOB, K. MeJIaMe,Ll, E. Feaxesa (AI1M), H3HeceH OT M. )1.oMapa,LlCKH, 6J1xa pasrnenaaa pe,LlHIJ;a np06JIeMH, CB'bp3aHH C aspa- 60TBaHeTo aa apxeonorasecxara xap'ra aa D'bJIrapHR: acropaorpadias aa np06JIeMa, HanpaBeHOTO nocera, 3Ha- 1feHHeTO aa npaBHJIHO H KOMIlJIeKCHO npOBelK.L{aHHTe TepeHHH npoY'IBaHHJI H np. M. CTaH1feBa (AI1M) rosopa no HJlICOH np06JIeMH Ha MeTO,LlHKaTa Ha

cnaCHTeJIHHTe pa3KonKH C orJIe,Ll Ha npanoca aa 6'bJIrapcKaTa apXeOJIOrHJI

B TOBa OTHoweHHe, onar, HaMepHJI npH3HaHHe B MelK.L{yHapO,LlHaTa HaYKa.-

I10 Te3H ,LlOKJJa,LlH ce passaxa OlKHBeHH, no HJlKOH B'bnpOCH KPHTH1fHH pasroaopa, Olj>opMHxa ce H HJlKOH npeMOlKeHHJI, npOH3TH1faIIJ;H OT npennoaeaas B casrare ,LlOKJJa,LlH: na ce cssnane np06JJeMHa rpyna, KOJITO ICaTO nporpassea KOJleKTHB na nonroTBH opraHH3aIJ;HJlTa H npaKTH1fecICoTo OC'bIIJ;eCTBJlBaHe aa apxeonorasecsara sapra aa D'bJlrapHJI, na ce nO,LlrOTBH H3,LlaHHe C'bC CTaTHH, nOCBeTeHH aa omrra aa ,6'bJIrapcKH apXeOJl03H B MeTO,LlHKaTa aa nposexnaaero na cnaCHTeJlHHTe pa3KonKH.

I1OCJle,LlHOTO cJle,Ll06e,LlH0 sacenaaae aa 11 MaH 6c nOCBeTeHO aa MeTO,LlH1fecKH B'bnpOCH, aa repeaaara apxeonorasecxa ,Lleil:HoCT. A. Pa,LlYHsesa (AI1M) ,LlOICJla,LlBll aa npanaranara MeTO,LlHKa npa pa3KpHBaHeTO aa YHHKaJIeH KYJITOB 06eKT OT enoxaTa aa XaJIKOJlHTa. De ,LlOKJla,LlBaHO no H3nOJI3YBaHaTa MeTO,LlHKa aa HJlKOH MelK,LlYHapO,LlHH eKCne,LlHIJ;HH: na 6'bJlrapo-aananaorepvaacsara npa c. )1.paMa OT P'bKOBO,LlHTeJIJI aa 6'bJIrapCKHJI exan P. KaTHH1fapOB, aa 6'bJIrapo-repsraacsara (T )1.P) npa c. PynKHTe, KpaH qHpnaH, OT P'bKOBO,LlHTeJlJl aa HeMCKHJI exan .Ll-p MHXaHJl DeH,LleJl- TOH npencrasa H ztoceraunnrre OCHOBHH pe3YJlTaTH; aa 6'bJIrapoaHrJIHHCICaTa HHKOnOJIHC an I1CTPYM OT P'bKOBO,LlHTeJIJI Ha 6'bJIrapcKHJI exan H. c. JI. CJIOKocKa. De ,LlOKJIa,LlBaHO H aa MelK.LlYHap0,LlHaTa KOMW1eICCHa eKCne,LlHIJ;HJI DaJI1fHK, opraHH3HpaHa no rrporpassa aa CI1B:

C'bTpY,LlHH1feCTBO aa apXeOJI03H H KOHcepsaropa OT HP D'bJIrapHJI (AI1M H HI1I1K), OT CCCP, qeXHJI, IToJIwa H Ha6JIIO,LlaTeJIH OT Ky6a, BHeTHaM H npyra COIJ;HaJIHCTH1feCKH crpaaa, Pa- 60TeHo e aa xpenocr-ra aa )1.HOHH-

ConOJI, DaJI'IHK. 3a apXeOJIOrH'IecKHTe paseonxa ,LlOKJIa,LlBa CT. H. c. )1.. OB'IapOB (AI1M), a sa apXHTeKTYpaara ICoHCepBaIJ;HJI- B. Ilorros (HI1I1K). Hanpasa BIle'laTJIeHHe, 'Ie 'npa enaa CHHxpoHHa H ,Ll06pe opraHH3HpaHa C'bBMeCTHa pafiora B npaC'bCTBHeTO aa BCH1fKH He06xo,LlHMH CIleIJ;HaJIHCTH MoraT na ce nOCTHrHaT MHoro ,Ll06PH pe3YJITaTH sa onaseaHeTO Ha oTICpHBaHHTe apxHTeKTypHH OCTaHKH, KaTO ce CneCTJlBa e,LlHH ,Ll'bJI'br nepaon OT BpeMe aa npoexra H o6C'blK,LlaHHJI aa pa3JIH'IHH HHBa H HHCTaHIJ;HH.

3aKJII01fHTeJIHO CJIOBO npa aaKpHBaHeTo aa ICoHlj>epeHIJ;HJlTa aanpasa CT. H. C. P. KaTHH'IapOB, rnaBeH ,LlHpeKTOp Ha rJIaBHa ,LlHpeKIJ;HJI "KYJITYPHO-HCTOPH'IecKO HaCJIe,LlCTBO" npa KOMHTeTa sa KYJITypa. TOH 06'bpHa BHHMaHHe aa rOJIJlMaTa apXeOJIOrH'IecKa aKTHBHOCT npes 1987 r., xoraro e 6HJlo pafioreao aa 170 ofexra, I10,Ll1fepTa rOJIJlMaTa pOJIJI aa MYleHHHTe pa60THHIJ;H apXeOJI03H OT BCH1fKH MYleH B crpaaara, KOHTO MHoro aKTHBHO ca pa60THJIH B MHOr06poil:HH eICCne,LlHIJ;HH. 113T'bKHa nOJIOlKHTeJIHHTe MOMeHTH B nporpaMaTa na KOHIj>epeHIJ;HJlTa H aKTHBHOTO Y1faCTHe aa npHC'bCTBYBaIIJ;HTe na KOHIj>epeHIJ;HJlTa no nOB,LlHrHaTHTe B'bnpoca, aa penaua BalKHH npennosceHHJI. Toil: HaCO'lH BHHMaHHeTO IC'bM penaua BalKHH npe,LlCTOJlIIJ;H 3a,Lla1fH B 06JIaCTTa aa apXeOJIOrH1feCKHTe npoY'IBaHHJI H MY3eil:HoTo ,LleJIO B nyxa aa npeycTpoHCTBOTO B 06JIaCTTa Ha AYXOBHaTa clj>epa, nO-KOHKpeTHO B 06- JIaCTTa Ha HaYKaTa H KYJITypaTa.

3a Y1faCTHHIJ;HTe B KOHlj>epeHIJ;HJlTa 6e opraHH3HpaHa eKCKyp3HJI C HaY1fHa aanasa B CaHAaHcKH, MeJIHHK H POlKeHCKHJI MaHaCTHp.

V Me)l(,lJ;YHapO,lJ;eH CMMI103MYM 110 rtpeaaara MCTOPM.SI na qepHoMopMeTO

V MelK.LlYHap0,LleH CHMn03HYM no npeaaara HCTOPHJI na lfepHoMopHeTo ce C'bCTOJI B spas aa cerrressapa 1987r. B rpY3HJI. Toil: ce CBHKBa nepHO,LlH1fHO npea TPH rO,LlHHH H BceKH rrsr pa60TH no npenaaparenao onpenenena resra, KOJITO T03H rrsr 6e: "qepHoMopHeTo npea VII-VB. np. H. e.: nHCMeHHTe H3TO'lHHIJ;H H apxeoJIOrHJlTa (npo6JleM'bT sa peaJIHOCTra)". HerOBH opraaasaropa ca I1HCTHTYT'bT no apXeOJlOrHJI H HHCTHTYT'bT no sceo6IIJ;a HCTOPHJI npa AH CCCP H l.\eHTJ.p'bT sa apxeonoraxeCKH H3CJle.LlBllHHR npa I1HCTHTyTa no HCTOPHJI, apXeOJlOrHR H eTHorpalj>HJI npa AH HaTpY3HHClCaTa CCP. KOHTO

onpenensr Y'IaCTHHIJ;HTe B Hero H H3npaIIJ;aT JlH'IHH nOKaHH ,Ll0 BCH1fKH. IT pHC'bCTBYBaxa Y1feHH OT 12 CTPaHH - AHrJlHJI, D'bJIrapHJI, r )1.P, r'bpIJ;HJI, I1cnaHHJI, Ilomna, PYM'bHHJI, CAm, <Ilpr, <IlpaHIJ;HJI, XOJlaH,LlHJI, qexoCJlOBaICHJI. KaKTO H npe,LlCTaBHTeJIH aa OKOJlO 25 HaY'IHH HHCTHTYIJ;HH OT CCCP.

OcHoBHaTa 1faCT OT pa60TaTa aa CHMn03HYMa nporese B rp. BaHH (3ana.L{Ha rpY3HR). TYK, aenocpenerBeHO ,Ll0 H3BeCTHHJI apxeonorasecsa 06eICT, e nocrpoeaa HOBll MO,LlepHa crpaaa, B KOJITO aa ,LlOJlHHJI eTalK e nonpeneaa MY3eil:Ha eICCIl03HIJ;HJI aa pe3YJlTaTHTe OT pa3KonICHTe, a aa

ropaare ztaa eraxa ce HaMHpaT pa60THH Ka6HHeTH, nafioparopaa, 6H6JlHOTeKa H MO,LlepHa sacenarenaa 3aJIa C npOlKeKIJ;HOHHa TeXHIlKa H anapaTypa 3a CHHxpOHeH npeBO,Ll. TpJl6Ba na ce oT6eJlelKH, 'Ie OTJlH'IHaTa opraHH3aIJ;HJI n03BOJlH 6'bP30 H eKCne,LlHTHBHO na ce 06C'b,LlJlT rOJIJlM 6POH 06eMHCTH ,LlOKJIa,LlH H na ce OT,LleJiH ,LlOCTaT'b'lHO BpeMe aa paaaCICBaHHJlTa. Ha BCH'IKH Y'IaCTHHIJ;H 6J1xa pa3,Lla,LleHH xcepoKOnHJI C n'bJIHHJI TelCCT aa ,LlOKJIa,LlHTe, npeseneaa C'bOTBeTHO aa PYCKH H aHfJIHitcKH e3HK. Taxa BCH1fKH HMaxa B'b3MOlKHOCT npe,LlBapHTeJIHO zta ce 3an03HaJiT C TJlX, KOeTO cnecra MHoro BpeMe H

55

nane npocrop aa paarspaasara ce ;lHCKYCHJI. IIpe3 lllIJIOTO apesee aa CHM003HYMa 6e ocarypea CHHXpoHeH npesoa aa aHrJIHHCKH, cppeHCI:H, HeMCKU H PYCKH e3HK, xoere npesraxaa e3HKOBaTa 6apHepa U 003BOJIH aa BCH'IKU paBHOOpaBHO na Y1faCTBYBaT B paoorara aa CHM003HYMa.

IIo TPa)l.HUHJI CHM003UYM'bT 6e OTKPUT C DJIeHapHO 3acell.aHHe B reJIaTH (xpasaoso-apxarexrypea KOMnJIeKC OT VII B.), pa3nOJIOlKeH aenaJIe'l OT rp. KYTaHCH. MaHaCTHp'bT, OCHOBaH OT nap ~aBHIl. CTpoHTeJIJI, e npesea KYJITypeH nearsp, I:OHTO ce CMJlTa sa rrspaara rpY3HHCKa axa)l.eMHJI. B aero aa rpyJHHCKH ClUI: ca ce rrpesexaana penarta aHTH'IHH aaTOpH, KaTO IIJIaTOH, APHCTOTeJI H Il.p. Ta3U KyJITypHa TPa)l.H~UJI ce noaasplKa U B HaWH )l.HH-cera B reJIaTH CPYHI:UHOHupa Hapoaaa aKllIl.eMHJI C npencenaren axan, Illora ~H)l.3uryJIH, KOHTO OTl:pU C TODJIO 0pUBeTCTBHe CUMn03UYMa. Ha TOBa sacenaaae 6J1Xa H3HeceHU CJIell.HHTe 1l.0KJIa)l.H: )I(.-II. Mopen (<IIpaHUHJI) "rp'bUl(aTa KOJIOHH33~ aa 3anllll.: cpasaeaae MelKll.Y TeKCTOBeTe H apxeonoraseCKUTe naaaa", C. 6eKxaY3eH (XOJIaHIl.HJI) "MeCTHOTO aaceneaae U 'IYlKneanare: acnexra aa rpsmara KOJIOHH3a~HJI npes apxaasaara enoxa", B, Pull.lKyeH (CAm) "ApXaH'lHaTa apxarexrypaa ceymrrypa H MHTOBeTe sa n'bTeWeCTBHJI", II. JIeBeK (<IIpaHUHJI) ,,~HHaMHa:aTa aa Eperpa". Cnen neJIOBaTa 'IaCT 6e opraHH3HpaHo ooceLQeHHe aa MCTopHKo-apXeOJIOrH'IeCKHJI MyJeH B rp. KYTaHCH H aa pa3KOOl:HTe aa Cpell.HOBeKOBHaTa xpeOOCT B rpana,

IIpe3 CJIe)l.BaLQHTe Il.HH 1l.0KJIa)l.HTe 6J1Xa rpyrmpaaa 00 opo6JIeMH, 06XBaLQaLQH onpeneneaa reorpaipcxa apeana. B'bOpOCHTe aa TepHTopHHTe, CB'bp3aHH C'bC 3aOa)l.HOTO l.IepHoMopae, npsxo 33CJlraXa aaurara crpaaa, M. Jlaaapos (Bapaa) aanpasa 06- WHPHO H3Ka3BaHe, B KoeTO asaeee HaH-HoBHTe OTKPHTHJI U npoy'lBaHUJI, CB'bp3aHH C rpsurara 1:0JIOHU33UHJI aa 3aoall.H000HTUHCKOTO KpaH6pelKHe. ~OKJIall.'bT aa B. Haaaeaoaa (COcpHJI) "IIp06JIeMH aa TpaKHHcKaTa peJIHrHJI B CBeTJIHHaTa aa nHCMeHHTe U3TO'lHH~H U apXeOJIOrH'IeeKHTe OTl:PHTUJI (VII-VB. np. H. e.)" npell.H3BUKa onpaaaaa HHTepee, T'bH l:aTO B Hero ce H3Heeoxa MHoro HOBH KOHKpeTHU cpaKTH, KOHTO He ca U3BeCTHH B aayxaara mrreparypa. TOBa e nOBOIl. na ce oT6eJIelICH, 'Ie He caste 00 T03U opofiJIeM peaaua OTKpHTHJI U OOCTHlKeHHJI aa 6'bJ1rapca:HTe apxeonosa TB'bpll.e )l.'bJIro OCTaBaT Heoy6JIHl{YBaHH H CJIell.OBaTeJIHO He003HaTH B '1~Te Hay'lHH Kp'brOBe OOPa)l.H "OOnHBHu (3a6aBJIHe aa p'bKOnHCHTe c rO)l.HHH, nesaraaero HM e)l.HHCTBeHO aa 6'bJ1rapcKH e3HK) H cyOOnHBHH (6aBHO OO)l.rOTBJlHe Ha MaTepHIUIHTe OT HJlKOU asropa) OpH'IHHH, KoeTO e B YLQ'bp6 aa 6'bJ1rapcKaTa HaYKa. C OCOOOH aarepec 6e nocpemaa H 1l.01:JIIlIl.'bT aa M. Fapnaa (<IIpaHUHJI) "T'bprOBHJlTa C aM«PoPH". TOR 001l.'lePTa, 'Ie 0c0OOHO 0CTp0 ce DOCTaBJI B'bDpOC'bT 33 apxeoncrasecsoro H3- CJIe)l.BaHe aa pa60THJIHHQHTC 3a aM-

56

«PoPU aa BCH'lKH reparopaa, 3aLQOTO Te ca 3aDJIaWeHH OT n'bJIHO YHULQOlKaBaHe.

CJIell.BaLQOTO saceaaaae 6e 00- CBeTeHO na np06JIeMHTe, aacsrauta Cesepnoro l.IepHoMopHe. B Hero OCHOBHa 'IaCT saesraxa 1l.0KJIa)l.HTe aa C'bBeTCKUTe Y'leHU: r. KOWeJIeHKO, B. Ky3He~OBa (MOCKBa) "rp'bUl(aTa KOJIOHH3aUHJI sa Bocnopa", 10. BUHOrpanos, M. 3oJIaTapbOB (MOCKBa) "HaH-ll.peBHHJlT Xepconec", 10. BHaorpanoa, JI. ~OMaHCI:HH, K. Map'IeHKO (MOCKBa) "CpaBHHTeneH anaJIH3 -aa OHCMeHUTe U apxeonoraxeCKHTe U3TO'lHUUH no npofinesaa sa paaaara UCTOPUJI aa CesepoaanaztHOTO l.IepHoMopHe", A. merJIOB (JIeHHHrpall.) "CeBepOOOHTUHCKaTa T'bPrOBHJI C lKUTO npes aropara OOJIOBUHa aa VII-V B. np. H. e. (no OHCMeHH H apxeonoraxecsa naaaa)". TYK ressaTU'IHO cnanaxa H 1l.0KJIall.HTe na ~lK. XaHHIl. (AHrJIHJI) "XepOIl.OTOBaTa "reorpacpHJI aa CKHTHJI!': pexare U "CYPOBHJlT nOJIYOCTPOB" H aa 36. IiYKOBCI:H (IIoJIwa) "KOMDJIel:C'bT OT rp'bKO-CKHTCI:H npenssera OT BUTawKOBa". B paMKUTe aa )l.HCKYCHJlTa no Ta3H Op06JIeMaTHKa 611xa U3HeceHH U Il.Be aarepecaa C'b06LQeHHJI aa HOBOOTl:pHTH 000nu B IIaHTHKaneH (B. TOnCTUI:OB, Mocxsa) H B Xepsroaac (M. Tpeacrep, Mocssa).

IIp06JIeMUTe aa M3TO'lHOTO l.Iepaossopae 611xa Il.HCKYTUpaHH U3B'bH sacenarenaara 31UIa. Y'laCTHH~HTe nOCeTHxa KpenOCTTa UUoponaHH (npeaaaar Coponanac), K'bll.eTO ce npoaexztar MHOrOrOIl.HWHH passonKH, P'bKOBOll.eHH OT B. ~lKanapHIl.3e. TOH asaece aa MIICTO 1l.0KJIail. sa nOJIY'IeHHTe pe3YJITaTH H HCTopHIITa aa 0OOKTa. Cnen TOBa Y'IaCTHHUHTe ce 33n03Haxa C 06ena K06YJleTH-IIH'IBHapH, pa3nOJIOlKeH na '1epHOMOpCKHJI 6pJlr, Hell.aJIe'l OT rp. liaTYMH. Ha TOBa MJlCTO e aanaseaa 6e3 npexscaaae nocenauraa TpaIl.H~HII, OT KOIITO HaH-paHHHTe CJIe)l.H aa lKHBOT ca OT enoxara aa HeOJIHTa, a HaHK'bCHHTe - OT xpas aa XIX B. TYK e JIOKaJlH3HpaHo ceJIHLQeTO IOcTHaHonOJlHC H HMa aanaseaa CTapHHH OT K'bCHOaHTH'IHaTa H paHHoBH3aHTHHCKaTa enoxa. Oc0OOHO HHTepeceH e npoY'IBaHHIIT aa caMHII MOPCKH 6pJlr nesponon, B KOHTO ca KOHCTaTHpaHH crporo Il.HcpepeH~HpaHH '1aCTH C norpe6eHHJI aa n.PUH H aa MeeTHH lKHTeJlH. Fpofioeere ca BKonaRH B nJlC'b'lHHII repea H aa MJlCTO 6J1xa OCTaBeHH 06pa3UH OT pa3JIH'IHHTe THnOBe norpe6eHHJI. TOBa n03BonH na ce BHIl.H TO'lHO norpe6aJIHH'1IT PHTYIUI U pa3nOJIOlKeHHeTo aa 60raTuII UHsearap, npe)l.HMHO OT lCepaMH'IHU C'bIl.OBe. IIpu pa31:0nKUTe C'bLQeeTBYBa ll.06pe ypeneaa apxeonorasecxa 6a33, B KOJITO B cne~HIUIHO nOMeLQeHHe no KOMDJIeKCU e nonpenea MaTepUIUI'bT, OTI:PHT npa pasxonsare aa sexponona.

Ha ssnpocare, CB'bp3aHU C KOJlx~ (M3TO'lHO l.IepHoMopHe), 6J1Xa nOCBeTeHH U CJIell.HHTe 1l.01:JIall.u: O. JIop)l.KUOaHH)l.3e, T. MHl:eJIllIl.3e (T6HJIHCU) "M3TO'lHOTO l.IepHoMopHe (KOJIXH)l.a) opel VII-VB. np. H. e.aHTH'IHHTe nHCMeHH U3TO'lHHUH H

apxeonoraara", ~lK. 1i0pll.MaR (AHrJIHJI)"IIorJIell. B'bpXY KOJIxH)l.a", ~. Bpayan (AHrJIHJI) .Xeponor, p06- CTBOTO H 06nHi1.T aa KOJIXUTe". P. OJIMOC (McnaHHII) aanpasa mrrepeCHO C'b06LQeHHe aa eztaa pHCYBaHa Ba33, narapaaa OT',420 r. np, H. e., KOJITO e OTl:pHTa npeaa ner rOIl.HHH B Enne, B HaH-eJIUHH3HpaHaTa '1aCT aa UOOPUHCKOTO Kpaii6pelKHe. Bspxy aasara ca u306pa3eHH cneaa, CB'bp3aHH C MHTa aa aproaasrare. E. CHMOH (<IIPr) aanpasa noztpofiea aHlUIU3 aa H306palKeHHlITa B'bpXY xparepa, KaTO CMIITa, 'Ie BepOJITHO Te oTpa311BaT 'IaCT OT TeaTPIUIHo OpOH3Bell.eHHe C TeMaTHKa, caspaaaa C noceuteaaero aa aprOHaBTHTe B KOJlXHll.a.

Pa60TaTa aa cHMoo,3YHMa C'bBnazma C 4O-rOIl.HWHHHaTa(1947r.)OT 3aOO'lBaHeTO aa Baacsara apxeonorasecxa eKCne)l.H~UJI. IIo T03H OOBOIl. enao OT 3aCell.aHHIITa 00 nOCBeTeHO na ressara "BaHu B CUCTeMaTa Ha KOJlXHIl.CKaTa ll.'bplKaBa". C'bTPYIl.HHUHTe aa eKnell.UUHJlTa asaecoxa OTll.eJIHH C'b06LQeHHJI, B KOHTO ce pasrnesaaxa Op06JIeMH aa apxarexrypara, peJIHrasra, IOBeJJHpCTBOTO, KaKTO U aa caMOCTOIITeJlHH 000KTH B'bB Baaa. Oc0OOH HHTepee npe)l.H3BHKBa ypeneaara B MY3ell H3JJOlK6a aa HaH-HoBoTO OTlCpHTHe B'bB BaHH - 6YKBlUIHO Il.HU npena 3aOO'lBaHeTO aa CHMn03HYMa e 6HJJO pa3KonaHO lKeHCKO norpe6eHHe C 60raTH 3JJaTHH HaKHTH H KepaMH'IHH KOJlXCKU C'bIl.OBe OT· sropara nOJlOBUHa aa IV B. np. H. e. Taspne xapaxrepsa e Il.BOHKaTa 3JJaTHH 06uUH. B KOHTO ce oTKpHBaT BCH'IKH TeXRHKH U eJJeMeHTU, U3BeeTHH OT Il.pyru HaKUTU B KOJlXHll.a. Te ca yxpaceaa C nUpaMHll.lUIHH BUCYJlKU U C p03eTKH C cpurypa Ha nTU'IKa B cpenara. XIUIKaTa HM e C nponsnrosara cpoPMa. p,eKopHpaHa C MIUIKH nepJlH'IKH. KOHTO 06pa3YBaT TpH'br'bJIHU~H B'bpXy rnanxara OOB'bPXHOCTenaa OC06eHOCT, KOIITO e THnH'IHa sa 3JIaTapCTBoTo B KOJIXHll.a.

IIo np06JleMuTe aa Bana CTaaaxa MHOfO OlKUBeHU pa3UCKBaHUII. T'bH KaTO BCH'IKH npsxo ce aanoanaxa C pa3JlH'IHUTe npoyxeaa 000KTU B T03U "rpall. aa XpaMOBeTe" U eIl.HOapesrenao HMaxa B'b3MOlKHOCT na '1yllT TIIXHOTO aayxao 0611cHeHHe B asneceaare C'b06LQeHulI. Ha CUMOO- 3HYMa 6ewe onoaecreao H npaaarenCTBeHOTO pemeaae T03U BalKeH apxeoJlOfH'IeCKU 06eKT na ce npeaspae B MY3eH aa OTKPHTO U C'bOTBeTHO na ce YCKOPU H 3aCUJIU pafiorara no pecraspauaara H xoacepsauaara ua pa3KOnaaare apXeOJlOrH'IeeKH oaMeTHUUU B'bB Baaa. B noxnana aa rn. P'bKOBOIl.UTeJl na paaxonssrre O. JlopnxanaHHIl.3e 6e nonsepraaa U BalKHaTa POJIII ua T03U apxeonorasecxn 000n aa aspacreanero aa Hay'lHu xanpa, Bspxy MaTepHaJlH OT Baua ca aanncaaa H ycneumo 3aLQHTeHH rOJlIIM 6POH Il.Uceprauaa, TyK ca OOJly'lHJlH npaera'1eeKa U TeOpeTU'IHa nOll.fOTOBKa MHOro apXeOJI03u.

Ha 3aKJlIO'IUTeJlHOTO sacenaaae Y'laCTHU~HTe onpenenaxa U TeMaTa aa CJIell.BaWUII VI CHMn03HYM. a HMeHHO: "PaHHaTa UCTOPUII aa l.IepHOMopHeTO-n'bpBaTa nosaa aa ce-

JIHlIla H n'bpBH KOHTaKT C n.pUHTe, OTpa3eHH B rpsnxara MHTOJIOrHX H enoc." CHMn03HYM'bT ute ce C'bCTOH npea 1990 r. B'bB BaHH.

CHMn03HYM'bT. 6e nposenea aa MHoro BHCOKO aaysao paeaame, 113- aeceaare aa Hero, KaKTO H aa IV cHMn03HYM AOKJIaAH H pa3HcKBaHHxTa no TXX BC'blllHOCT sese OTAaBHa HaACKaqaT TepHTOpHaJIHHTe rpaHHUH, BKJIlOqeHH B HaHMeHOBaHHeTO My. Herosara TeMaTHKa 06XBalIla no csutecrao H CpeAH3eMHOMopHeTO H He ce orpaaasaaa casso C np06JIeMHTe aa KpaH6pellCHeTO, a BKJIIO'IBa H noIIIHpOKHTe HCTOPH'IecKH 06JIaCTH, CB'bp3aHH C Te3H ABa apeana. IIoJI3aTa OT pafiorara aa CHMQ03HYMa JIHqH H

OT HapaCHaJIHX aarepec K'bM Hero aa Y'leHH OT pa3JIHqHH CTpaHH. IhHeceHHTe AOKJIaAH, KaKTO H OllCHBeHHT~ AHCKYCHH amocrpapaxa csuto TaKa H HanpeA'bKa B H3CJIeABaHeTO Ha Ta3H TeMaTHKa, ocofieao B CTpaHH, KaTO CCCP, AHrJIHX, CbpaHUHx, r'bpUHX, KOHTO HMaT nosexe OT CTOJIeTHe TpaAHUHH B npoysaaaero aa np06JIe" Ma. B cpasaeaae C UX 6'bJ1rapeKaTa HaYKa H3OCTaBa, KoeTO He e onpasAaHO. B rpaHHUHTe na aamara crpaaa ce HaMHpa rOJIXMa xacr OT 3anaAHOTO qepHoMopHe C rOJIeMH H BallCHH rp'bUKH KOJIOHHH. He06xoAHMO e aaY'lHOTO H3CJIeAaBHe na He ce orpaaasaaa casso C TXX, HO na ce npoysar H Bp'b3KHTe ~M C XHHTepJIaHJ{a, C MeCT-

HOTO HaCeJIeHHe, na ce npOCJIeAXT B3aHMOBp'b3KHTe H B3aHMHHTe BJIHXHHX B COUHaJIHO-HKOHOMHqecKHX, KYJITypHHX H peJIHrH03HHx lICHBOT npes

, pa3JIHqHHTe enOXH. He aa nOCJIeAHO 'MXCTO CTOH H npo6JIeM'bT sa npeoCMHCJIXHeTO aa nHCMeHHTe H3TOqHHUH C OrJIeA Ha HarpynaHHx npe3 nOCJIeAHHTe rOAHHH HOB apxeonorHqecKH MaTepHaJI. Tpx6sa Aa ce H3CJIeABaT penana KOHKpeTHH npo- 6JIeMH, KOHTO me n03BOJIXT na ce HanpaBJIT nO-IIIHpOKH 06061IleHHx H H3BOAH Ha HHBOTO Ha C'bBpeMeHHaTa HaYKa.

B. HAR,nEHOBA

Bt.nrapo-yarapcxa cpema no asnpocare Ha paHHocpe~HOBeKOBHaTa apxeOJIorlf~ no ,[(OJIeH If Cpenca ,[(YHaB

Ha 13 OTKOMBPH 1987r. B EYAaneuta ce C'bCTOIi cpeuia na O'bJIrapeKH H ynrapcxa apXeOJI03H B paMKHTe na ABYCTpaHHaTa HCTOpHqecKa KOMHCHX. 3aceAaHHXTa ce np0BeAOXa B EYAaneuteucxas yHHBepeHTeT nOA 061Il HaCJIOB "IIpa6'bJIrapH, aaapa H MaAlICapH B HCTopHIiTa aa IOroH3ToqHa Eapona". OT 6'bJ1rapeKa crpaaa ysaCTBYBaxa CT. H. C. on. OBqapOB, P'bKOBOAHTeJI Ha CeKUHXTa no CpeAHOBeKOBHa apXeOJIOrHX, CT. H. C. M. BaKJIHHOBa, CT. H. C. JI. ,nOHqeBaIIeTKoBa, CT. H. C. P. Pauies H H. C. )1(. AmlJl.lICOB; a OT yarapcxa-e npodr, Ii. EpAeH, npodi. A. EOHa, rea, AHpeKTOp aa HaUHOHaJIHHII MYleii: A. CbOAOP, npodi, A. POHaTalIl, q. EaJIHHT, E. CHMOHOBa, K. Meuiepxasa, E. rspaw, E. M. CbOKe HAp.

Cpeutara 6elIle OTKpHTa OT npodi. E. IIaJIOTalIl, csnpencenaren aa ABYCTpaHHaTa 6'bJlrapo-YHrapeKa HCTOpHqeCKa KOMHCHII. CJleA Hero' rosopa R. EOHa, P'bKOBOAHTeJl aa xarezrpara no apXeOJlOrHII B EYAanelIleHCKHII YHHBepeHTeT H AOMaKHH aa cpeutara. IIpeAo6eAHOT('I sacenaHHe 6elIle P'bKOBOAeHo OT H. EpAeH OT ApxeOJlOrHqeCKHII HHCTHTYT npa Yarapcxara aKaAeMHII aa HaYKHTe. To 6elIle nOCBeTeHO aa B'bnpOCHTe, pa3pa60TBaHH OT 6'bJlrapeKHTe apxeoJl03H. Haa-aanpen 611xa H3C11YlIlaHH AOKJlaAHTe Ha H. C. )1(. AJlaAlICOB ,,3a ceMaHTHKaTa aa KOMn03HUHHTe B'bPxy KaHH M 2 H 7 OT HaAbCeHTMHKJlOIIIKOTO C'bKpOBHlIle" H aa CT. H .C. M. BaKJlHHOBa "Ha6JIIOAeHHII aspxy AeKopaTHBHaTa CHCTeMa H KOMn03H" UHlI aa C'bKpOBHlIleTO OT Ham, cear MHKJlOIII". B rrspaas AOKJlaA H306palICeHHlITa ce caspsaxa C HpaHCKHlI XYAOllCeCTBeH Kp'br, a CMHC'bJI'bT aa

8 Apxeonoras, 4, 1988 r.

KOMn03HUHHTe 6e norspcea B xaneaAapHHTe npa3HHUH H OCHOBHHTe MOMeHTH B lICHBOTa na qOBeKa, qeCTO n'bTH npeacraasa KaTO rOAHIIIHHlI xpsroapar, Bssnpaera 6e resara na on. Jlacno, 'Ie KaHH 2 H 7 npmraanexar K'bM cepsaaa aa HeH3- BeCTHa npanneca, KoeTO 06l1CHliBa TlIXHaTa CMHCJlOBa aarosapeaocr H yqaCTHeTO HM B cBaT6eHHTe uepessoHHH. B'bB BTOpHli AOKJIaA 6e pasrnenaaa yxpacara na C'bAOBeTe, KaTO Tli 6elIle CB'bp3aHa C H3BeCTHHTe Aocera 6'bJlrapeKH naMeTHHUH. Ii ABaTa AOKJlaAa npeAH3BHKaxa onpeAeJleH HHrepec H no TliX asexa OTHOlIleHHe Ii. EpAeH, Ii. CbOAOP, q. EaJIHHT, on. Oasapoa.

CJleA TOBa 6l1xa npoxereaa H OCTaHaJlHTe TpH 6'bJ1rapeKH AOKJlaAa: aa CT. H. C. JI. ,noHqeBa-IIeTKoBa "CpeAHOBeKOBeH HeKpOnOJl npa C. OA'bPUH, BapHeHCKa 06J1aCT", na CT. H. C. on. OBqapOB "KOCMOrOHHqHH ClOlICeTH B HliKOH naMeTHHUH OT paii:oaa na ,nOJleH H Cpenea ,nYHaB" H aa CT. H. C. P. Patues ,,$opMHpaHe aa xaacxara pe3HAeHUHlI B IIJlHcKa". JI. ,noH'IeBa-IIeTKoBa asaece peayrrraTHTe OT pa3KonKHTe CH Ha rOJleMHlI HeKpOnOJl npa C. OA'bPUH, 60raT C MaTepHaJlH, KOHTO saaarepecyaaxa MHoro yarapcxare KOJlerH. on. OB'IapOB pasrnena OCHOBHO ABa KOCMOrOHH'IHH MOTHBa - "CBeTOBHOTO A'bpBO" H "He6eCHHlI MHTH'IeH JlOB", KOHTO ce cpeuiar cpea pHcyHKHTerpacllHTH KaKTO y Hac, raxa.. H aa 'reparopasra na Yarapaa. P. Pamea ce cnps aa nossara na Haii:-paHHHTe nocrpoiixa OT rana aa IOpTH B near-spa aa IIJlHcKa H osepra nepaoAHTe na yxpenseaue aa xaacxara pe3H,lleHUHlI. iii Te3H AOKJla,llH 6l1xa

nocpeutaara C rOJIXMO BHHMaHHe H no HliKOH nOBAHrHaTH B'bnpOCH asexa AYMaTa iii. Epnea, q. EaJIHHT, on. OB'lapOB.

CJle,llH06eAHoTo aacenaaae 6elIle nOCBeTeHO Ha AOKJlaAHTe Ha yHrapCKHTe CTeUHaJlHCTH. IIp'bB 6elIle ztoxrram-r aa Ii. Epnea "KaKBo e noceran 6paT lOJlHaH?", B KOii:TO ce paarnexnarue rrsreurecrauero aa noMHHHKaHCKHlI MOHax IOJlHaH OT l.I,aparpaa npes qepHo MOpe H Kepx no Bonra AO EHJllIP, C'bCTOllJlO ce npes XIII B. B KpaHHHlI nyHKT aa CBoeTO rrsreuiecraae MOHaX'bT ce cpemaan C eaaa OT rpymrre Ma,llllCapH, OCTaHaJIH B CBOliTa npaponaaa H npH061IleHH I\'bB BOJlllCKO-KaMCKa E'bJlrapHli.

K. Memepxasa OT HaUHOHaJlHHlI MY3eii: B Bynaneina H3ThKHa ,nOJlHO,llYHaBCKHlI npOH3XOA aa HliKOH yarapCKH naMeTHHUH OT T. Hap. "enoxa" aa aaananssaaero aa pOAHHaTa. B noxrrazta 6l1Xa 06061IleHH AaHHH aa IOlIC. HOTO 6aJ1KaHCKO BJlHlIHHe - 6'bJ1rap-

CKO H BH3aHTHii:cKO. ABTOP'bT C¥"Ta, 'Ie penaua npenssera ca nouma no T'bprOBCKH rrsr, KaTO rJIaBHaTa 'IaCT OT TIIX ca CB'bp3aHH C XPHCTHlIHH3aUHlITa aa crpanara. Ha6J1IOAaBa ce H H3BeCTHO MecTHO nonpaxamre no BHOCHH IOlICHH 06pa3UH.

Ilpodr, A. POHaTalIl OT YHHBepCHTeTa B Cerezt roaopa sa acropasra aa npoyxaaaaara aspxy HaAnHCHTe OT HaAbCeHTMHKJlOIIIKOTO C'bKPOBHute, aa KOHTO TOH e nOArOTBHJI H MOHorpacllHlI, cera non nexar B'bB BHeHa. TOH nOCO'lH aapaxnaaero aa reopaare sa npoasxona aa 3HaUHTe H oxepra TpH fJlaBHH np06J1eMa npa TlIXHOTO H3Y'laBaHe: e.llHoBpeMeHHH JlH ca PYHHqecKHTe 3HaUH C H3pa60Txara aa csztosere: eAHOBpeMeHHH JlH

57

ca 're nOMellC,IlY CH; OT enaa psxa J1H ca HanHCaHH?

li. clJO,ll0P HaCO'lH BHHMaHHeTO aa npHC'hCTBYBamHTe K'hM anJ1HKaUHHTe sa KOCa C H306pallCeHHlI aa KOHHHUH, cpemaaa B 'yarapcxare naMeTHHUH. ToD ra CB'hp3Ba C H3BecTHHTe OT 6'hJ1rapHli naMeTHHUH H no'rspca 06mHlIT HM npOH3XO,ll B Ceaepea KaBKa3 Y aJIaHCKHTe nneMeHa. BTOPHliT B'hnpOC, ita KOHTO TOD ce cnps, 6ewe aa KOHCTPYKUHHTe c J1eKa q,opMa (lOpTH) H sa TlIXHOTO npHC'hCTBHe B Yarapas npes cpenaoBeKOBHeTO. nOCJ1e,llHHlIT asnpoc 6ewe aa KOTJ1HTe C B'hTpeWHH yma, nofipe paanpocrpaaeaa B KapnaTCKHlI 6aceDH, HO cpeniaaa H Y Hac.

B H3Ka3BaHHlITa no ,IlOKJ1a,llHTe aa yarapcxare KOJ1erH B3eXa Y'IaCTHe ,lJ;. OB'IapOB, q. 6aJIHHT, li. clJO,ll0p.

113JIo)l(6a B KaCTeJI

BeeKH, KODTO e 6HJ1 B nOMneH, n03HaBa csspesaeaaara apXe0J10rHxecxa 06cTaHOBKa aa T03H BallCeH PHMCKH rpan, 3arHHaJI non J1aBaTa aa Be3YBHH npes 79 r. B Hero sa C'hllCaJ1eHHe HliMa ypenea MY3eD, a aHTHKBapHYM'hT, B KOHTO ce na311T aaxonKHTe OT ofiexra H e aarsopea aese nosese OT 20 rO,llHHH! Bcsmaocr H3J10llC6HTe OCTaBaT e,llHHCTBeHHlIT Ha'lHH, no KOHTO apXe0J103HTe OT T03H paitoa MoraT na aanosaaar wHpoKaTa ny6J1HKa C HeopeK'hCHaTO YBeJ1H'IaBaUJ.HTe ce oaMeTHHUH OT paseonxare, npena Te na 6'h,llaT HaTpyoaHH H 3a6paBeHH 00 CKJIa,IlOsere. B rrspaare ,IlBe H3J10llC6H OT rJIaBHHTe eKCOOHaTH 611xa H3BeCTHaTa 6poH30Ba CTaTY" aa AOOJIOH, OTKPH'ra B .. K'hmaTa aa IOJ1HH n0J1H6HH" B nOMoeH, H TlIJ10TO aa 6l1fama lICeHa OT OllJIOHTHC. nOCJ1e,llHHlIT OaMeTHHK e aarepecea C TOBa, 'Ie OpH B'h3CTaHOBliBaHeTO aa lICeHCKaTa q,Hrypa e H3n0J13YBaH HOB npospasea MaTepHaJI-q,H6eprJ1aC (,IlOTOraBa ce e H300J13YBaJI caseo rHOC). TOH n03- BOJ1l1Ba OpH H3rOTBliHeTO Ha OTJ1HBsara na ce BH,IlH 06J1eKJIOTO H, KaKTO H BCH'IKHTe npeznsera, KOHTO saraaa-

J1aTa e aocena CDC ce6e CH. .

B nOCJ1e,llHO BpeMe BHHMaHHeTO aa Y'leHHTe npo,ll'hJ1l1CaBa na 6'h,lle aacoseao K'hM OnJIOHTHC, paHoH, KOHTO B pHMcKaTa enoxa sepoarao e 6HJ1 BHJ1Ha 30Ha aa nOMneii (6J1H30 ,IlO ,IlHeWHOTO cename Tope AHYHUHa'ra ,IlO Hearron). TYK 611xa passonaaa .!lBe MHoro 60raTH pHMcm BHJIH. Bnnara OT TlIX ce CB'bp3Ba CDC ceMeicTBOTo aa Flonea, sropara :a:eaa aa HMO. Hepoa, a ,IlpyraTa, KaKTO nOJCa3Ba OTlCpIlTJlllT Dpc3 1984 r, nps-

58

Harepecaa 6ewe 3a6eJ1ellCKaTa aa npodi, A. POHaTaw aa 6'hJ1rapoMa,llllCapcKHTe KOHTaKTH He caMO B ,IlpeBHH apessena, HO H nO-K'hCHO npea IX-X B. aa TepHTOpHlITa aa li3TO'laa H Cpenna Espona, KOliTO TOH nonxpena H C e3HKOBH npassepa.

B paMKHTe aa cpemara 6'hJ1rapCKaTa rpyna nocera Ecrepross, Banrerpaa, HallHOHaJ1HHlI MY3eH B Bynaneuta H ApXe0J10rH'IecKHlI HHCTHTyT npa YAH. Te3H nocemeaas 6l1Xa n0J1e3HH He casso C TOBa, 'Ie ce nane B'h3MOllCHOCT zta ce BH,IlliT naMeTHHlIHTe H MaTepHaJIHTe aa MecTO, KaKTO H MecTHHTe My3eH, HO ce OC'hmeCTBHxa H HOBH KOHTaKTH C YHrapcKHTe apXe0J103H.

BeH'IKH Y'laCTHHUH B cpeutara 611xa e,llHHO,llywHH B oneasara CH, 'Ie Tli 6e n0J1e3Ha H ,IleJ10Ba paasrsaa aa

MHeHHlI. Flpen 6'hJ1rapcKHTe H yarapCKHTe cpe,llHOBeKOBHH apXe0J103H CTOliT MHoro 06mH np06J1eMH H TeMH sa H3CJ1e,llBaHHlI, B MHoro Cq,ePH ce ,IlOJ1aBli 06mHOCT H PJ1H3KH CTaHOBHma, KoeTO npasa 6'L;AemOTO C'bTPY,llHH'IeCTBO B'b3MOllCHQ, '00J1e3HO H lICeJ1aHO. Hssaaaxa ce npenopsxa aa sacaneane aa KOHTaKTHTe H aa paaurapasaae aa 06xBaTa sa TeMaTHKaTa C orJ1e,ll Ha BKJ1IO'IBaHeTO B Hell H Ha npo6J1eMH OT pa3BHTHli q,eO,llaJ1H3'hM K'hCHOTO cpenaoaesoaae, KoeTO csuto 6H 6HJ10 MHoro n0J1e3HO H nnonoTBOpHO. Y'IaCTHHUHTe ce pa3,1leJ1HXa C nOllCeJ1aHHlI sa nO-'1eCTH H nO-,IleJ10BH cpema MellC,lly Y'leHHTe B 06J1aCTTa aa cpenaoeexoaaara apXe0J10rHlI OT 6'hJ1rapcKa H yarapcsa crpaaa,

)1(. AJIA,[{)I(OB

na 3JIaTHH CaHT AH,IJ;)I(eJIO B

HaKHTH OT OrrJIOHTHC PHM

CTeH C nesar, C HliKOH CH JIYllHH Kpac TpeTH. liMeHHO B nocnenaara pesa,IleHlIHaJIHa BHJ1a pYCTHKa (nocrpoeaa npes II B. np, H. e. H 3arHHaJIa npes I B npa H3pHrBaHeTo aa Be3YBHH) ca HaMepeHH 65 HaKHTa, aa KOHTO e nOCBeTeHa TpeTaTa H3J10llC6a B KaCTeJ1 CaHT AH.!lllCeJ1o B PHM, oTKpHTa npes anpan 1987 r. (3aJIa naOJ1HHa).

HaKHTHTe ca HaMepeHH aa ,IlBe pa3J1H'IHH MecTa B'hB BHJ1aTa. IfspsaTa rpyna e nexana aa nona aa nosaeuteaae, -saenao C OCTaHKHTe OT ,Il'hpseHa KaCeTICa, MOHeTH, CT'hICJ1eHH unnneaua, ICOCTeHH np'h'lICH H CT'hICJ1eHH nJ1aCTHHKH, sarpynana non PyxHaJIHlI ropea erase. no BClIICa seposrHOCT TOBa ca lIeHHOCTHTe aa ceMeHCTBOTO, ICOHTO ca 6HJ1H npH6paHH B ,Il'hpBeHO caH,!l'h'le, H TOaJIeTHHTe npaHa,!lJIellCHOCTH aa coficraeaanara aa BHJ1aTa. Bropara rpyna e OTKpHTa B npyro nossemeaae, B ICoeTO ca ce CICPHJIH '1aCT OT 06HTaTeJ1HTe Ha BHJIaTa. B Hero ca HaMepHJ1H OOCJ1enen nO,llCJ10H 30 ,IlyWH, noaesero lICeHH, '1HHTO CICeJ1eTH ca cICyn'leHH B ,Il'hHOTO sa crasra. HaICHTHTe ca OTICpHTH MellC,Ily npennereaare CICeJ1eTH, saenno C MOHeTH (3J1aTHH, Cpe6'hPHH H 6poH30BH) H OCTaHICH OT nJ1aTHeHH H ICOllCeHH '1aHTH'IKH. Casso npa e,llHH OT CICeJ1eTHTe e OTKpHT Me'l.

HaICHTHTe ca npe,llHMHO 3J1aTHH, '1eCTO yxpaceea C reMH OT THOOBeTe, paanpocrpaaena npes paaaara HMneparopcxa enoxa. KaICTo npa no,Il06HH HaXO.!lICH OT XepKYJ1aH H nOMneH, H TylC JIHnCBaT eK3eMllJIlIpH, H3pa60TeHH B nO-CJ10llCHa TeXHHICa, ICaICBHTO HanpHMep 611xa nOICaJaHH B H3B'bHpe,llHO 60raTaTa H3J1oll[6a sa 3J1aTOTO HiiTapaHTo (liTaJIHlI). 6HlICY-

rara OT OnJ10HTHC ca eq,eKTHH, HO Bee nax He MHoro CK'hOH, T. e. TOBa ca HaKHTH, npenaasaaseaa sa e,llHH cpenHO 60raT 06mecTBeH CJ10H.

Ilpa 06HUHTe ce cpeuiar pa3J1H'IHH THOOBe-cq,epH'IHH, pa3,1leJ1eHH C MepH,IlHaJ1HH )KJ1e60Be, rnanxa HJ1·H C nepna, B'hB q,opMaTa na KOWHH'IKa, 06pa3YBaHa OT penaua MaJIKH KaM'bsera, MOHTHpaHH B OT,IleJ1HH rneana, C BHCYJ1KH OT nepna HJ1H OT rnanxa TeJ1, 3aB'hp3aHa B Kpall.

OropJ1HUHTe ca naa BH,Ila-K'hCH (monilia) H ,Il'hJ1rH (catellae), '1eCTO C BHCYJ1Ka B'bB q,opMa aa xpsr HJ1H J1yHyJ1a. K'hCHTe ca HJ1H OT 3J1aTHH BepHlICKH, HJ1H OT BepHlICKH, yxpacena C H3YMPY,llH. OT ,Il'hJ1rHTe TP1I6Ba,lla ce cnosaeae enaa oc06eHO 60raTa orspJ1Hua, B xpaamara aa KOliTO ca saxpeneaa nO,llBHlICHH TOKH-p03eTICH, spea KOHTO ce e npaxasana K'hM ztpexara.

Cpen rpHBHHTe ca 3aCT'hneHH ICYXHTe H J1eHTOBH,IlHHTe, KaTO nOHIIxora rrspsare ca yspaceaa C reMH, a npyrare C peJ1eq,HH MOTHBH. Mexny Haii-HHTepecHHTe MoraT na ce noco'1aT 3J1aTHHTe rpHBHH C H306pallCeHHe na Beaepa H C T. Hap. "nOMnellHCKa Beaepa". liMa H eK3eMnJ1l1pH C q,opMa aa 3MHlI, HHKpYCTHpaHa C KaM'hHH. CaMO e,llHH q,parMeHT ce OTHaCli K'hM rpHBHHTe, C'hCTaBeHH OT CB'hp3aHH nOJ1yccpepH'IHH eJ1eMeHTH.

Ilpscreaare ca HaH-rOJ1eMHIIT 6POH OT HaKHTHTe H TOBa e J1ecHO 0611CHHMO, KaTO ce HMa npenaan q,aKT'hT, 'Ie npea pHMCKaTa enoxa BeeKH '10BeK, He3aBHCHMO ,IlaJIH e M'hllC HJ1H lICeHa, e MOllCeJI na HOCH nosese OT e,llHH npscrea. Flosesero OT TliX ca 3J1aTHH, a ezma MaJIKa '1aCT OT TliX ca

cpefispaa. 3aCTbneHH ca KaKTO COBeeM npOCTH MO.lleJlH - r nanxa xanxa, yxpacena C rpaayna, C paBHO JIlHT'le, TaKa H nO-CJlOlKHH-C mHT'Ie, yxpaceao C rpasapaa OpHaMeHT, ressa HJlH penerp, BbB BH.ll aa YBHTa 3MHlI C ABe cpemynonoxaa rnasa.

3ae.llH0 C HaKHTHTe B H3J10lK6aTa e rrpencraseaa H enaa rnaneaa lKeHCKa cTaTYlI, oTKpHTa B 60raTa nosmeaHCKa Kbma, sa na ee nane aenocpenCTBeHa npeneraaa sa PHMcKHTe MaTPOHH, KOHTO ca aocena yxpameaaa OT rana aa OTKpHTHTe B Onnoarac,

Yxpaureaasra OT BHJlaTa aa JIyUHH Kpac TpeTH HMaT 3Ha'lHTeJlHa apxeonorasecxa CTOHHOCT, KOllTO He ce onpe.lleJlll HHTO OT KOJlH'IeCTBOT~ HM, HHTO OT MaTepHaJIHaTa HM ueaa (KOllTO B .llpeBHOCTTa Bee nax e 6HJ1a BHCOKa), a OT namnrre, KOHTO re npennarar sa COUHaJIHO-HKOHOMH'IeCKaTa .lleHCTBHTeJlHOCT. YHHKaJIHOTO COCTOJlHHe aa apXeOJlOrH'IeCKHlI KOMnnexc BCblUHoCT n03BOJlllBa na ce aanpaasr HHTepeeHH Ha6mo.lleHHlI OTHOCHO pa3npOCTpaHeHHeTO Ha CKbmrre HaKHTH, BKyca H THnOJlOrHlITa

Aranac Hsanoa Ilonos (1. IV. 1925-16. IV. 1987 roztaaa)

Araaac l1BaHoB Ilonos e ponea aa I. IV. 1925 r. B c. MeJlHHUa, .s!.M60JlCKH oxpsr, Flpes 1951 r. sasspmsa CneUHaJIHOCT HCTOpHlI B CoCPHHCKHlI YHHBepcHTeT "KJlHMeHT OxPH.llCKH". Csuiara roztana nocrsnsa Ha pa60Ta KaTO Y'lHTeJl B MexaHoTeXHHKYMa B rp. Ka3aHJlbK, aa KOHTO nO-K'LCHO e H 3aM.-.llHpeKTOp. )].06- para My CneUHaJIHa nO.llrOTOBKa H YMeHHeTO na pa60TH C Y'IHTeJlH H Y'IeHHUH BO.llH .ll0 Ha3Ha'iaBaHeTO My KaTO HHcneKTOp - MeTO.llHCT no HCTOpas, B OKPblKHHlI ornen "Hapo.llHa npocaera", Crapa 3aropa. Tlpea Te3H rO.llHHH, aonea OT CBOll aarepec KbM MHHaJlOTO, TOH ee 3aeMa C ezma rpynaa, H3HCKBama MHoro apesse HI CHJlH pafiora - H3.llHpBaHe, KapTOrpacpHpaHe H H3CJle.llBaHe Ha KpenoCTHTe OT CTapOnJlaHHHCKaTa yKpenHTeJlHa CHCTeMa. Te3H H3CJle.llBaHHlI noK'LCHO TOH 0606maBa B xaanaaarcsaTa CH .llHCepTaUHlI "Cpe.llHOBeKOBHaTa YKpenHTeJIHa CHCTeMa no IOlKHHlI CKJlOH na 113TO'lHa H 'IaCT OT Cpenaa Crapa nnanaaa", KOllTO aauurraaa ycneurao npes 1969 r. Ilpes 1982r. Te3H H3CJle.llBaHHlI ca 060raTeHH C HOBH KOHKpeTHH npoY'IBaHHlI H 06Haponaaaa B MOHorpacpHlITa .Kpenocra H YKpenHTeJlHH cbopblKeHHlI B KbPHCKaTa cpenaoaeeoena 06J1aCT".

OT 1971 r. ATaHaC Ilonoa e H36paH aa HaY'IeH COTPY.llHHK B Ol1M BeJlHKO TbPHOBO H orroraea CBbp3Ba lKHBOTa H .lleHHOCTTa CH C naMeTHHUHTe aa crapara CTOJlHua H TlIXHOTO H3Y'IaBaHe. OT 1975 r. Ilonos npewaaasa na pafiora B C03.lla.lleHHlI <J)HJlHaJI aa ApXeOJlOrH'IeeKHlI HHCTHTYT C MYleH npa 6AH B1.B BeJlHKO T1.PHOBO H OT 1977 no 1981 r. e HerOB P1.KOBO.llHTeJl. Ilpes 1979 r. e H36paH sa CTaplIIH HaY'IeH CbTPY.llHHK.

HaY'IHoTo TBOp'leeTBO aa ATaHac Flonos ofixaauta OKOJlO 110 aarnasas: CTaTHH, CTY.llHH H MOHOrpacpHH, KOHTO pasrnexnar np06J1eMH aa cpenaosexoenara 6MrapcKa apxeonoras H enHrpacpHKa; xpenocra

H KpenOCTHO CTpOHTeJICTBO no Crapa nnaaaaa, Cpenaa ropa H Crpaaaxa: npo6J1eMH Ha cpe.llHOBeKOBHHlI 6bJlrapcxa rpan; H3CJle.llBaHHlI BbPXY CTOnauara Tspaosrpan-e- rpaaoycrpoilCTBO, CPOpTHcpHKaUHlI, XY.llOlKecTBeHH aaaasra; COUHaJIHO-HKOHOMH'IeeKH lKHBOT. Oc06eHo MlICTO B HerOBOTO TBOp'leeKO neno saessar npoyxaaHHlITa H ny6J1HKaUHHTe Ha pe3YJlTaTHTe OT pasxonxare aa MaHaCTHpa "BeJlHKaTa naspa", aa KOHTO TOH noCBeTH rrosese OT 15 rO.llHHH. IlpoysBaHHlITa aa MaHaCTHpa "BeJlHKaTa naspa" nosenoxa no HlIKOJlKO BalKHH OTKPHTHlI, KOHTO 3aBHHarH me OCTaHaT CBbp3aHH C HerOBOTO HMe: HeH3- BeCTHaTa no HerOBHTe paasonxa xpenOCTHa CTeHa KpaH .s!.HTpa, pasxpaBaHeTO aa H3BeCTHHlI . nororaaa casro OT nHCMeHHTe H3BOPH MaHaCTHp "BeJlHKaTa naspa" - H311CHlIBaHeTO Ha HerOBHlI nnan, CTpoHTeJlHa HCTOPHlI H YCTPOHCTBO, HlIKOH no-ofiuta asnpoCH, cmapaaa C "HOBHlI rpan" H HerOBOTO MlICTO B CTpYKTypaTa aa CTOJlHuaTa, YKpenllBaHeTO Ha CTOJIHuara H pa3KpHBaHeTO na npoxonaCTbJl6Hme, CB1.p3Bam Llapeseu C "HOBHlI rpan". MHor06pOHHHTe aannaca B1.PXY np'LCTeHH, MeTaJl, KaMbK H KepaMHKa Araaac Flonos ny6J1HKYBa B MOHorpacpHlITa CH "Cpe.llHOBeKOBHH aannaca, MOHorpaMH, 6YKBH H 3HaUH OT TbpHOBCKaTa "BeJlHKa naspa", H3JI1I3JIa KaTO IV TOM OT nope.llHUaTa "QapeBrpa.ll TbPHOB" npea 1984 r. MaJlKO npena aeroaara CMbpT 6e 06cb.lleH H npHeT 3a ne'laT KaTO TOM OT nopenauara .Llapearpan TbPHOB" HerOBHlIT OCHOBeH TPY.ll "BeJIHKaTa .naapa "CB. 40 M1.'IeHHUH".

Araaac Ilonos e CDCTaBHTeJI H peaaxrop aa MHoro C60PHHUH, !COHTO H3JI1I30Xa B seer na 1300-ro.llHlIIHHaara OT 06pa3YBaHeTO aa 6bJIrapCKaTa .llbplKaBa H 800 rO.llHHH OT B'LCTaHHeTO aa AeeHeBUH H Bb3CTaHOBlIBaHeTO aa 6MrapcKaTa .llbplKasa: "BeJIH'IHeTO na Tspaoarpan", "QapcTBYBamHlIT rpan TbPHOB",

aa PHMCKOTO 3JIaTapcTBo B e.llHH TO'lHO onpe.lleJIeH XpOHOJIOrH'IeCKH nepaon, a HMeHHO aropara nOJIOBHHa aa I B. E.llHOBpeMeHHo C TOBa MaTepHaJIHTe OT BHJIaTa MoraT na nanar

, KOHKpeTHa npencrasa sa KOJIH'IeeT'·BOTO H nponaaaara ueaa aa npeznaeTHTe, KOHTO BeeKH OT 06HTaTeJIHTe aa BHJlaTa e nparexaaan, H CJIe.llOBaTeJlHO -3a pa3npocTpaHeHHeTo H npHTelKaHHeTO aa 3JIaTO H HaKHTH OT pa3JIH'IHH 06meCTBeHH KJIaCH.

M. PEXO

"KYJITYPaTa aa cpe.llHOBeKOBHHlI TbPHOB", "BeJIHKO T1.PHOBO B HCTOpH'IeCKaTa cb.ll6a aa 6bJIrapcKHlI aapon", "BeJIHKO TbPHOBO . Cpe.llHOBeKOBHa H Bb3pOlK.lleHCKa KYJITypa" H MH . ztp. AT. Ilorroa e aBTOp H penaerop na T. I OT TpHToMHaTa "l1CTOPHlI aa BeJIHKO TbpHOBO".

He MOlKeM na He cnOMeHeM Y'IaCTHlITa aa AT. Ilonoa B MHoro MelK.llYHap0.llHH H HaUHoHlUlHH KOHrpeca, KOHcpepeHUHH H CHMn03HYMH, npoaexnana Y Hac H B 'IYlK6HHa. TOH 6e enaa OT r JIaBHHTe opraaasaropa aa HaY'IHaTa KOHcpepeHUHlI. nocaereaa na 800-rO.llHlIIHHHaTa OT B'LCTaHHeTO na AceHeBUH. npoaeneaa BbB BeJIHKO TbpHOBO.

Araaac Ilonos He 6elIIe Ka6HHeTeH Y'IeH. TOH Y'IaCTBYBalIIe aKTHBHO B 06meCTBeHO-nOJlHTH'IeCKHlI lKHBOT na rpana H oxpsra. Ilonos OT.lleJIH MHoro epesre H eaeprus sa yxpensaHeTO aa <J)HJIHaJIa aa ApXeOJIOrH'IeCKHlI HHCTHTYT H YTBbplK.llaBaHeTO My KaTO aBTopHTeTHO HaY'IHO 3BeHO; aa opraHH3HpaHeTO H H3nbJIHeHHeTO Ha Mama6HaTa npOY'IBaTeJICKa nporpaMa 3a H3Y'IaBaHeTO Ha cpe.llHOBeKOBHHII TbpHOB. Araaac Ilonos 6elIIe .llbJIrOrO.llHlIIeH npencenaren aa O!CPblKHOTO PbKOBO.llCTBO aa 6bJIrapCKOTO HCTOpH'IeeKO .llPYlKeeTBO "npolj>. BaCHJI 3JIaTapcKH" H 'IJIeH,Ha QC aa 611)]., aasr-npencenaren aa OKPblKHHlI COBeT aa KYJITypa, npencenaren aa KOMHCHlITa no xpaeaaasae, 06mHHCKH CbBeTHHK. TOH 6elIIe 'IJIeH aa PbKOBO.llCTBOTO aa npyxecrso "r. KHPKOB", lKeJIaH H 'IeeTO TbpceH JIeKTop.

3a CBOllTa MHorOCTpaHHa .lleHHOCT Araaac Ilonoa 6e aarpaxnaaaa C .llbplKaBHH aarpana: opzteaa "KHpHJI H MeTO.llHH" III H I CT., "qepBeHo 3HaMe aa TpY.lla", C 106HJIeHHH Me.llaJIH H OTJIH'IHlI.

Araaac Ilonoa HanYCHa lKHBOTa, H3nMHeH C MHoro H.lleH H TBOp'leeKH aM6HUHH. l1cKa MH ce na npHnOMHlI Mb.llpaTa lKHTeHCKa Ij>HJIOCOIj>HlI OT

59

xaa OMypTarOBHlI HaJ(IIHC OT KOJlOaara B rrspxaara "CB. 40 M'b'leHHllH" - ..... '1oBeKk.LI06pe.LIa lKHBee, yMHpa H npyr ce paxaa. H aesa po.LIeHHlIT

1I0-K'bCHO, KaTO rnena Te3H IIHCMeHa .LIa CH CIIOMHH sa T03H, Koiho ra e HallpaBHJI ... " IIpoY'lBaHHlITa Ha ATaHac Ilonoa H HerOBHTe TPY.LIOBe ca

OHli HeIlO.LIBJlaCTeH aa apessero H safipasara lIaMeTHHK, KoiiTO Toii IIpHlKHBe CH H3.L1HrHa.

CIIHCbK na rpyziosere na ATaHaC IIOIIOB

1963

I. MeTO.LIH'IeCKO nocofiae 110 Crapa HCTOpHli. C., 1963 (B C'baBTOpcTBO), 84-95, 113-162.

1967

2. Cpe.LIHOBeICOBHHlIT Kp'bH.-liIiH.n:, XXV, 1967, 233-251.

1968

3. Ponsra aa BoeHHOYICpellHTeJlHaTa CHCTeMa B H3TO'IRaTa H uearpanaa '1aCT aa Crapa IIJIaHHHa npes BpeMe aa 6'bJ1rapcICaTa cpe.LIHOBeKoBHa zrsplKaBa.-BHC, 1968, 4, 61-72.

1969

4. Cpe.LIHOBeICOBHHTe ICpeIlOCTH TB'bP.LIHlla H M'brJlHlK. -liIiH,lJ;, XXVII, 1969, 267-279.

1972

5. CTapOIlJlaHHHClCaTa yspenarenaa CHCTeMa B sauurra aa cpe.LIHOBeICOBHHlI T'spaosrpaa, -HOHMBT, V, 1972, 65-121.

1974

6. Cpe.LIHOBeICOBHH ICpellOCTH 110 PycaJlHHCICHli npoxon B Crapa IIJIaHHHa.-HIiH,lJ;, XXIX, 1974,337-353. 1975

7. BoeHHooT6paHHTeJlHH OC06eHOCTH aa ICpellOCTHaTa CHCTeMa aa IlapeBen.-BHC, 1975, 4, 74-84.

1976

8. H306palKeHHe aa 3Meii B'bpXY crpaIj>HTo-ICepaMHICa. - BeICOBe, 1976, 3, 79-81.

9. EIIHTeTH H onpeneneaas IC'bM HMeTO aa cpe.LIHOBeICOBHaTa CTOJlHna TspHOBrpa.LI.--rMCIi, II, 1976, 282- 298.

1977

10. Haxo.LIICa OT KOCTeHH IIJ1aCTHHKH sa paaaana. - BHC, 1977, I, 185- .187.

II. 06HTaTeJlHTe aa Ilapeseu npes XII-XIV BeIC.-BeKOBe, 1977, 5, 35-40.

12. KpellOCTH 110 Cspaena Cpe.LIHa ropa.-HIiH,lJ;, XXXI, 1977,39-82. 1978

13 ... HOBHlIT rpaa" B cpe.LIHOBeKOBHaTa CTOJlHlla T'bPHOBO. - BeICoBe, 1978, 2, 5-13.

14. BoeHHoTollorpalj>clCHlIT Ij>aICTOP IIpH H3rpalKJ(aHeTO aa oT6paHHTeJIHHTe C'bOp'bllCeHHlI aa IOlKHHlI CJ(JIOH aa Crapa IIJIaHHHa.-BHC, 1978, 2, 11~129.

15. T'bPHOBO CIIOpe.LI lKHTHeTO aa PoMHJI BH.LIHHCICH. - B: Ifpocnasa aa BeJlHKO T'bPHOBO. c., 1978,243-245. 16. CTapoIlJlaHHHCICH ICpenOCTH sa OT- 6paHaTa aa T'bPHOBO. - B: Ilpocnaaa aa BeJIHICO T'bPHOBO. C., 1978, 17~ 175.

17. Le monogramme-signature de Ivan Alexandre (1331-1371)-signe de I'institution royale. - Etudes balkaniques, 1978, t. IV, 132:--137.

18. MOHOrpaM1>T aa nap HBaH AneICcalf.Ll'bp. -H611,lJ;, XXXII, 1978, 69-82 •.

19. Le monaster.e "La Grande Lavre"

60

de la capitale medievale de Tarnovo. -BHR, 1979, 4, 7~78.

20. Kpenocraara CHCTeMa aa cpenHOBeKOBHaTa CTOJlHna T'bpHOBrpa.LI. -BHC, 1979, 4, 124-143.

21. Deux forteresses bulgares mentionnees par Manuel Philles et Georges Pachimere, - Byzantinoslavica, 1979, I fase., 28-32.

1980

22. T'bpHOBrpa.LI. - B: CTapH 6'bJlrapcxa CTOJlHIlH. C., 1980, 135-151, 23. Yxpenasaae aa rpaaauare aa 6'bJ1rapcKaTa .LI'bplKaBa. - BHC, 1980, 2, 123-132.

·24. Kpenocraara CHCTeMa aa CTOnanara T'bPHOBrpa.LI. - B: 1300 ro.LIHHH li'bJIrapHli. BeJlHKO T'bPHOBO, 1980, 6~87.

25. T'bpHOBCICaTa lKHBOIIHCHa llIICOJla. - TYPHCT, 1980, 12, 12-14.

26. 3a COllHanHO-HKOHOMH'IecKHlI 06- JlHIC aa T'bpHOBrpa.LI npes XII-XIV B. - B: Cpe.LIHOBeICOBHHlIT 6'bJlrapcKH rpaa, C., 1980, 153-165.

27. MOHorpaMH aa 6'bJ1rapcKHTe nape. - B: li'bJIrapcKo cpe.LIHOBeKOBHe. Bsnrapo-csaercxa C60PHHK B xecr aa 70-rO.LIHllIHHHaTa aa IIpOIj>. Hsaa ,lJ;yii'1eB. C., 1980, 172-192.

28. T'bpHOBCKaTa BeJlHKa rraspav-> HIiH,lJ;, XXXIII, 1980, 83-98.

1981

29. 3a Ha.LIIIHCH aa nap HBaH Acea II B trspxaara "CB. qeTHpH.LIeceT M'b'leHHllH" B'bB BcJlHKO T'bPHOBO. -liIIp, 1981, I, 62-73.

30. Apxeonorasecxa npoyxaaaaa B T'bpHoBrpa.LI.-MIIK, 1982, 2, 1~ 13.

31. CTOJlHllaTa T'bpHOBrpa.LI B'bB BoeHHOIIOJlHTH'IecKHTe KOHIj>JlHKTH npes XII-XIVB.-BHC, 1981, 3, 27-33.

32. IIpHpo.LIHa cpena, rpanoycrposCTBeHa H o6eMHO-IIJ1aHHpoB'b'lHa CTpyKTypa Ha cpeJ(HOBeKOBHHlI rpa.LI aa X'bJlMa Llapesen XII-XIV BeIC.rMCIi, 6, 1981, 61-70.

1982

33. KpellOCTH H YKpellHTeJlHH C'bOP'blICeHHlI B Kp'bHCKaTa Cpe.LIHOBeICOBHa 06J1aCT. C., 1981. 165c.

34. T'bPHOBO - Haii-rOJlllMOTO KYJlTypHO cpeznnne aa li'bJIrapHli npes XII-XIV B. - B: BeJlHKO T'bPHOBO npea BeICOBeTe. C., 1982.

35. QapcICH MOHorpaMH H xepan.LIH'IHH H306palKeHHlI OT T'bpHOBrpa.LI (XIII-XIV BeIC) - B: li'bJIrapHlII300. HHCTHTYllHH H .LI'bpllCaBHa TPa.LIHllHlI. C., II, 1981, 343-360.

36. HaXO.LIICH C XepaJI.LlH'IHH H306palKeHHlI B 6'bJ1rapHli npes XII-XIV B. -HIiH,lJ;, XXXIV, 1982, 49-64. 37. La ceramique artistique de Tirnovgrad.XIII-e-XIV-e 5., XVI.-Inter-nationaler Byzantinistenkongress, Akten II / 5, Jahrbuch der Osterreichisehen Byzantinistik 32/5, 215-224. 38. CTpaH.LllKaHClCo-calCapcICHli paiiOH

npes Cpe.LIHOBeKOBHeTo. - BHC, 1982, 6, 94-109.

39. T'bpHOBrpa.LI, CTOJlHlla aa BsrrrapHli npes XII-XIV BeK. - B: II'bpBH MellC.LIYHap0.LIeH xoarpec no 6'bJ1rapHCTHKa. Bsnrapcxara .LI'bpllCaBa rrpea BeKOBeTe. 1. Cpe.LIHOBeKOBHa 6'bJ1rapCKa .LI'bplKaBa. C., 1982, 1l~1l9. 1983

40. Ilaneorpaocra xapaxrepaeraxa na apXeOJlOrH'IecKHTe HaXOJ(KH OT T'bpHOBClCaTa .. Benaxa naspa". - PB, 1983, 1, 64-74.

41. T'bpHOBrpa.LI CIJope.LI apxeonora'1eCKHTe rrpoysaaaas. - B: BeJlHKO T'bPHOBO H BeJlHKOT'bPHOBCKHlIT Kpaii npes BeKOBeTe. T. 1. BeJlHKO T'spHOBO, 1983, 39-53.

42. JIH'IHH HMeHa OT apXeOJlOrH'IecKH HaXO.LIICH H npoyseaaas. ~ Bexose, 1983, 4, 55~.

1984

43. La ville medievale bulgare d'apres les recherches archeologiques, - BHR, 1984, I, 63-73.

44. MeTanyprH'IHoTo npOH3BO.LICTBO B T'bpHOBrpa.LI (XIII - XIV B.). - B:

C60PHHK B nasser aa npoq» CTaH'IO BaKJlHHOB. C., 1984, 204-207.

45. Cpe.LIHOBeKOBHH Ha.LIIIHCH, MOHOrpaMH, 6YKBH H saaua OT T'bPHOBCKaTa .. BeJlHKa naapa" (= Llapesrpan T'bPHOB, T. IV). C., 1984. 187 c.

46. Ilaneorpadcxo-esasosa oco6eHOCTH aa T'bPHOBCKHlI Ha.LIIIHC aa nap liBaH Acea II. - ApXeOJlOrHlI, 1984, 4, 19-24.

47. Cpe.LIHOBeKOBHaTa CTOJlHna T'bpHOBO B THTYJlaTypaTa aa narpaapca H nape. -B: Ilpecnaa, 3, Bapna, 1984, 283-291.

48. Cpe.LIHOBeKOBHH KpellOCTH B CTpaH.LIlKa H Caxap, - B: CTpaH.LIlICaHCKo-CaKapcKH C60pHHK. ManKO T'bPHOBO. T. I, 1984, 312-317.

49. IIp'bCTeH-IIe'laT C rJlarOJlH'IeCKH IIHCMeHH snana. - Besose, 1984, 6, 72-74.

50. CTpaH.LIlICaHCKo-CaKapcKHlIT rpaHH'IeH paaoa npes Cpe.LIHOBeKOBHeTo. - B: CTpaH.LIlICaHCKO-CaKapcKH c60pHHIC. M. T'bPHOBO, T. II, 1984, KH.2, 73-84.

51. IIp06J1eMH aa Ka'leCTBOTO aa aa·Y'lHoH3CJle.LIOBaTeJlcKaTa pafiora no apxeonoras. - B: IIoBHllIaBaHe xaxeCTBOTO Ha HaY'lHoH3CJle.LIOBaTeJlcKaTa .LIeiiHocT. B. T'bPHOBO, 1984, 89-92. 1985

52. T'bpHOBCKaTa BeJlHKa naspa .. - B:

QapcTBYBaUlHlIT rpaa T'bPHOB. C., 1985, 113-134.

53. KepaMH'IHH H3.L1eJlHlI OT T'bPHOBCKaTa naspa. - B:· QapcTBYBaUlHIIT rpaa T1,pHOB. C., 1985, 167-172. 54. Crpaiparo-sepasraxa OT T'bPHOBrpaa C MHTH'IHH H306pallCeHHlI. - B:

QapcTBYBalltHliT rpaa T'bPHOB. C., 1985, 173-184.

55. CTOJlHnaTa T'bpHOBrpa.LI B'bB BOeHHOIIOJlHTH'IecKHTe KOHIj>JlHKTH npes

XII-XIV B.-B: Be.nH'IHeTO aa TbPaosrpan, C., 1985, 113--121.

56. )\pxeonOrH'IecKHTe npoy'lBaHHR B crapara cronaua T'spaosrpan. - B:

BenH'IHeTO aa 'I'spaoarpan, C., 1985, 315-319.

57. rpaaoYCTpOHCTBeH H apXHTeKTypea 06nHK aa Ilapesen, - B: Berra'1HeTO aa Tspaoarpan. C; 1985, 320--324.

58. T'bpHOBCKaTa "BenHKa naapa CB. qeTHpH.!leCeT M'b'leHH~". - B: Bena'1HeTO aa T'bpHoBrpaa.C., 1985, 344-349.

59. HaXO.!lKH OT .Benaxara naspa". - B: BenH'IHeTO aa T'spaosrpaa, C., 1985, 362-365.

60. Xepannasaa H306pa)l(eHHR npea XII-XIV B.-B: BenH'IHeTO aa T'spaoarpaa, C., 1985, 379--381.

61. Fpanoycrpoacrsea H apXHTeKTypea 06nHK aa Llapeaen, - B: LlapCTBYBalllHHT rpaa T'bPHOB. C., 1985, 25--42.

62. JIHraTypH B KHH)I(OBHaTa H seureaa nHCMeHOCT OT T'bPHOBO. T'bPHOB" CKa KHH)I(OBHa mxona. T. IV. C., 1985, 346-359.

63. B03HHKHOBeHHe H pa3BHTHe cpen-

HeBeKOBHOro fionrapcxoro ropo.!la.B: V Me)l(.!lYHapO.!lHblH xoarpecc cnaBRHCKOH apxeonoraa. KHeB, 1985, 9-10 (C'baBTOPH: ~. Aarenos, ~.OB'IapoB).

64. TbipHoBCKaR naspa CBRTbIX CoPOKa MY'IeHHKOB. KHeB, 1985, c. 30. 65. T'bpHOBCKaTa Benaxa naspa. - B:

Benaxo T'bPHOBO B HCTOpH'lecKaTa C'b.!l6a aa 6'bMapcKHR aapon, B. T'bPHOBO, 1985, 48--60.

66. Tspaoarpan cnopen apxeonora'1eCKHTe npOY'IBaHHR. -BHC, 1985, 4, 53--68.

67. )\ceHOB~H H "HOBHaT rpan", - BeKOBe, 1985, 4, 5-10.

68. Ysperrea BO.!lOCHa6.!lHTeneH npoXO.!l OT Llapesen no RHTpa. - MIlK, 1985, 3, 14--16.

69. T'bpHOBCKaTa Benaxa naspa. C., 1985. 55 c. (Rn6YM-BO.!la'l).

70. Ilapearpan T'bPHOB. C., 1985. (rrvresomrren) (C'baBTOp H. AarenOB).

71. 10 rO.!lHHHIl>HnHRn aa ApxeonorH'IeCKHR HHCTHTYT H MY3eH npa Ii'bnrapcKaTa aKa.!leMHR Ha HaYKHTe B'bB Benaxo T'bPHOBO. - Apxeonoras, 1985, 3, 8-14.

72. Les Asenides et le "ville neuve" de Tarnovo. - BHR, 1985, 2, 79----83. 73. Texte incantatoire sur une ceramique Ii sgrafito du monastere "La Grande Lavra" de Veliko Timovo. dcuPll!Ltx aTOV I. KtxptxyttxV07tOtJAO Byzantina, t. 13. 0taatxAOVtxll, 1985, 863- 866.

1986

74. )l(HBonHc, cxyrnrrypa H xY.!lO)l(eCTBeHH 3aHaRTH. - B: HCTopHR aa Benaxo T'bPHOBO. T. l. C., 1986, 283-320.

75. 800 rO.!lHHH OT B'bCTaHHeTO aa Acea H Ilersp H B'b3CTaHOBgBaHeTO aa 6'bnrapcKaTa .!l'bp)l(aBa. - Apxeonorax, 1986, 2, 57-58.

1987

76. )l(HBOT H TBOP'lecTBO, nOCBeTeHH aa HCTOpH'IecKaTa HaYKa (70-ro.!lHwHHHaTa aa axan, ~. Aarenoa, '1neH aa li'bnrapcKaTa aKa.!leMHR aa HaYKHTe). -)\pxeonOrHg, 1987, 3, 69----72.

77. T'bPHOBO B xynrypara aa cpenaoBeKOBHa li'bnrapHR. - B: BeMKO TspHOBO. Cpe.!lHOBeKOBHa H B'b3pO)l(.!leHCKa xyrrrypa. C., 1987, 7-14.

t:t. )\JIEKCHEB

B nasrer na npodi, Credian AJI. I1BaHoB (1908-1987)

Ilpea 1987r. HH HanYCHa BH.!lHHIIT 6'bnrapcKH ocreonor np04l . n-p CTe4laH HBaHoB. PO.!leH aa 18. IX. 1908 r. B C04lHR. TOH aaaspnrsa rHMHa3HR B Ilnoaaaa, a npes 1932 r. - BeTepHHapHa Me.!lH~HHa B C04lHII. Benaara cnen TOBa e H36paH aa aCHCTeHT H npocexrop B Karenpara no aHaTOMHR, XHCTonorHII H eM6pHonoras aa .!lOMaWHHTe )l(HBOTHH B'bB BeTepHHapHOMe.!lH~HHCKHR 41aKynTeT. OT 1939 no 1945 r. e '1aCTeH XOHOPYBaH nouear, a BnOCne.!lCTBHe H penoBeH .!lOlleHT no Tonorpa4lcKa aHaTOMHII aa .!lOMaWHHTe )l(HBOTHH B KaTe.!lpaTa no aHaTOMHR aa .!lOMaWHHTe )l(HBOTHH. OT 1950r. e npoeecop, a OT 1957 r. no neacaoaapaaero CH - P'bKOBO.!lHTen aa csmara xarenpa.

HaY'lHHTe HHTepeCH aa npodi.

CT. HBaHoB 6gxa H3KnlO'IHTeJIHO WHpoxa, TOH H3Y'laBawe Mo»illoJIOrHHTa na pa3JIH'IHH rpyna MneKonHTaelllH H nTHlIH. Ycnopenao C npenonaaarenCKaTa CH .!leHHOCT TOH pa60Tewe B HaH-TecHH KOHTaKTH C apXeOJI03HTe. H3cJIe.!lBRn e .!leCeTKH XHJIR.!lH KOCTH OT apxeorrorasecxa 06eKTH. HaysHHTe My 3aKJIIO'IeHHII csmecrseao norrsnaaxa H H3MeHHxa npencrasare 3a CTonaHCTBOTO Ha .!lpeBHOTO Hacenenae no 6'bnrapcKHTe 3eMH. TOH He ce OrpaHH'IH caMO C onpenensaero aa OCTeOnOrH'IHHII MaTepHaJI H aerosara HHTepnpeTallHII OT 6HOnOrH'IHa rnenaa TO'lKa. HO nanpaaa csmecraena

HCTOpH'IeCKH H3BO.!lH. C npacsuiara My lIeJIeYCTpeMeHOCT TOH C'b6HpaWe CBe.!leHHII OT pa3nH'IHH H3TO'lHHlIH H cpaaassaure npesaare .!lOMaWHH H .!lHBH )l(HBOTHH OT CHHXPOHHH 06eKTH C'bC C'bBpeMeHHH. OLQe C n'bpBOTO CH

apXe0300JIOrH'IHO H3CJIe.!lBaHe

"B'bpxy BH.!lOBaTa H.!leHTH4IHKa~1I aa MeTaKapnaJIHHTe H MeTaTap3RnHHTe KOCTH npa eKBH.!lHTe, C npaaoc K'bM B'bnpOCa aa pO.!lCTBeHHTe OTHoweHHII Me)l(.!lY sefipara H KOHli" (Ton, CC)\, 25, 1948/1949r.). TOH npasa ronliM npanoc B cpaaanrennara Mop4JonorHII H H.!leHTH4IHKallHII aa eKBH.!lHTe.

Flspeoaasamro H3CJIe.!lBaHHIITa aa CT. HBaHoB He ce pa3JIH'IaBaT csmecrseao OT Te3H aa HerOBHTe npenuiecraeuaua B li'bnrapHIi. Xapaxrepao sa TRX e H3Cne.!lBaHeTO aa OT.!lenHH KOCTH OT apXeOJIOrH~ecKHTe 06eKTH ("B1>pxy enaa HaXO.!lKa aa Bos primigenius Bojan OT K'bCHO HCTOPH'1eCKO BpeMe y Hac", .. K'bM asnpoca sa noasara aa CBHHRTa KaTO .!lOMaWHO )l(HBOTHO y Hac", "IIpHHOC K'bM B'bnpoca aa .!lOMaWHHTe )l(HBOTHH npes K'bCHHII HeOJIHT H KaMeHHO-Me.!lHaTa enoxa y Hac" - BCH'IKHTe B Fon, CC)\ 26, 1950). Ilocreneaao CT. HBaHoB HaMHpa CBOH CTHJI H H3Cne.!lOBaTenCKH noxepx. H3cJIe.!lBaHHRTa 06xBamar see rro-ronaxs 6POH KOCTH (MaTepHaJIHTe OT .. Fpanauiero" H MeCTHOCTTa ~)I(e.!l)l(OHH n03H KpaH c. IIonHHa. Canacrpeacxo, IIpecnaB-

MOrHJIaTa. "Rca Tene" npa Flnoe.!lHB). Te ce H3B'bpWBaT no xaaztpara H .!l'bn60'lHHH, KoeTO cssnaaa rrpencrasa 3a npoCTpaHCTBeHoTo pa3npe.!leJIeHHe Ha KOCTHTe B 06eKTu, 3a xpaHaTa Ha KOHKpeTHH CO~RnHH rpyna, )l(HBeJIH B onpeneneaa KBapTRnH aa cenautero H T. H. IlpOY'lBaHHlITa My paaurapsBaT n03HaHHlITa sa BH.!lOBOTO pa3HO- 06pa3He na namara 41aYHa. OT Hero aa np'bB rrs'r ca OTKpHTH penana npencrasarena aa .!lpeBHHR )l(HBOTHHCKH CBRT. KaTO enea nonarap, JIOC. 3y6'bp, nYHKa, naraua, rscxa H .!lPYra, WHpOKHTe Hay'lHH aarepeca aa CT. HBaHoB ce HaCO'lBaT He casso K'bM rrpoysaaae aa MaTepHRnHaTa xyrrrypa aa .!lpeBHOTO aaceneaae, H3Y'laBaHKH 1ICHBOTHHTe. KOHTO ca nonaraaa B rp060BeTe aa M'bpTBHTe, TOft ce .!lOKOCBa no penaua MOMeHTH, CB'bP- 3aHH C .!lYXOBHaTa KynTypa aa xopara. Tpyzrsr .. )I(HBOTHHCKH KOCTHH OCTaTD~ OT HeKpOnOJIa no HOBH Ilasap" H nocera e ofipaseu sa nO.!l06HH H3Cne.!lBaHHlI B eBponeHCKaTa apxeo- 300JIOrH'IHa nareparypa. B Hero ce npOIlBRBa ronesraar HHTeJIeKT aa yseHHR. KOHTO YMeno aarepnperapa ocTeonorH'IHH, eTHorpa4lcKH. HCTOPH'IecKH H npyra CBe.!leHHII. aa na rrpenane 3aB'bpWeHOCT H IT'bnHOTa aa H3CJIe.!lBaHeTO. HeMRnKa '1aCT OT YCHJIHRTa aa H3TDKHaTHli Haw cnenaanHCT 6l1Xa nOCBeTeHH aa H3Y'laBaHeTO Ha TpaKHHCKHTe KOHe, OTKpHTH npH

61

norpefeaas Kpaii C. J>perOBO, KaJIOllHOBO H JlHKOBO. Toii H3Y'IaBa C'bInO lICHBOTHHCKHTe OCTaHKH OT HlIKOH TpaKHiicKH CBeTHnHIna. CLBMecTHHTe H3Cne,n;BaHHlI aa CT. I1BaHoB H B. BacHneB cne,n; 1975r. ce XapaKTepH- 3HpaT C npOY'IBaHe aa ronessa CepHH OT KOCTeH MaTepHaJI, KoiiTO nasa B'L3MOllCHOCT aa no-ronassa CHryPHOCT H 06eKTHBHOCT aa H3BO,IJ;HTe H aa noron liMa n'LnHOTa Ha BapHaUHOHHHTe penose. B MOHorpaepHHTe "CenHIn' aara MOrHJla npa rOJIJIMO )J;en'leBO" (1975) H "E3epo-paHH06poH30BOTO cenaute" (1-979) ca pa3pa60TeHH neTaRnHO 3a HCTopHlITa Ha ,n;peBHOTO lICHBOTHOB'L,n;CTBO no HaWHTe 3eMH npes KaMeHHOMe,IJ;HaTa H 6poH30BaTa enoxa, no ,n;OKYMeHTaJIeH ocreonora'1eH n'LT e YCTaHOBeHO, 'Ie npes npaHCTOpH'IecKO spesse HaWHTe 3eMH ca 6HnH 06HTaBaHH OT aaceneaae, KoeTO e HMaJIO cpaBHHTenHO BHCOKO pa3BHTO lICHBOTHOB'L,n;CTBO. YCTaHO~

seaa e CTPYKTypaTa aa cranara, TeXHHlIT epH3H'IecKH THn, MopeponorH'IHHTe HM xapaKTepHCTHKH H T. H.

HaY'IHHTe aarepeca aa CT. I1BaHOB 06XBaInaT BCH'IlCH apxecnoraxeCKH nepaona OT aeonara no cpeJJ;HHTe BeKOBe. Te ca CB'Lp3aHH C xaxecraeao HOB eran B pa3BHTHeTO aa apxeosoonoraara Y Hac. Or aacnensase aa e,n;HHH'IHH no,n;6paHH KOCTH TOR npeMHHa K'LM n'LJIHOTO npoyxeaae aa uenas OCTeOnOrH'IeH MaTepHaJI OT apxeOnOrH'IecKHTe 06eKTH.

B'L3nHTaH B ,n;yx Ha TO'lHOCT H aKypaTHOCT, CT. I1BaHoB BHHarH ce rtpazrspscaure K'LM crporo YCTaHOBeHHTe epaKTH, K'LM KPHTH'IHOCT H M'L.Il'LP CKenTHUH3'LM. 3a Hero 611xa '1YlICJJ;H ecpeKTHHTe, HO nouro 06OCHOBaHH XHnOTe3H. ny6nHKYBaJI e aan 40 CTaTHH H CTy,n;HH. 3Ha'lHTenHa '1aCT OT TlIX ca nOCBeTeHH aa apxeosoonorH'IHH np06neMH. TOR e HanHCaJI C'bInO ce,n;eM Y'Ie6HHKa aa BY3, HlIKOH

OT KOHTO ca rrpeasnaaaaa MHoroxparao. Ilpernexnaaxa rpynosere MY, me BH,n;HM, 'Ie aerosara ,n;eRHOCT B 06nacTTa Ha apxe0300norHlITa e H3- KnlO'IHTenHO nnonoraopaa He C KOnH'IecTBoTO aa ny6nHKaUHHTe, a C Ka'leCTBOTO HM - C' TlIxHaTa ,n;'Ln60- '1HHa H Hay'lHH npHHOCH. TaKa TOR cnesena ysaxeaae H npH3HaHHe y Hac H B '1YllC6HHa. Harpaxnasaa e MHOrOKpaTHO, B T. 'I. C opnea "KHpHn H MeTo,n;HR" I crenea,

CT. I1BaHoB 6ewe 06pa3ell aa npHHUHneH H .Il06pOC'bBecTeH ysea, nOCBeTHn nenas CH nH'IeH lICHBOT aa H36paHaTa HaYKa. DcH'IKH HHe - 6HBWH cryneara H xonera, C KOHTO e C'bTpy,n;HH'IHn, me '1YBCTBYBaMe BHHara HeB'L3BpaTHMaTa 3ary6a aa 06pa3- UOBHlI npeno,n;aBaTen H BeeOT,n;aeH Y'leH npodi, CT.I1BaHoB.

JI.HI1HOB

B nasrer na HllKOJIa AHreJIOB (1912-1988)

Ha 18 cpeBpyapH 1988 r. cnen TellCKO 60Jle,n;YBaHe nosaaa H. c. Haxona rHTeB Aarenos, 3aBellC.IlaIn ornen .Apxeonoras" npa OKp'LlICeH HCTOPH'IecKH MY3eii Benaxo T'LpHoBO, B nepaona 1956-1972r. HeroBHlIT 60raT TBOP'lecKH n'LT H safienexarenea npaaoc B ofinacrra na apxeonorasra, MY3eiiHoTo neno H xpaesaaaaero rerrspsa me 6'L,n;aT oneaasana H C Te'leHHe aa BpeMeTO uie osepraaar KOHTypHTe aa eJJ;Ha epYH.IlaMeHTaJIHa H nno,n;oTBopHa ,n;eRHOCT.

Haxorra Aarenos e ponea aa 10 IOnH 1912 r, B )J;e6eneu, BenHKOT'LpHOBCKO. Cpe,n;HOTO CH 06pa30BaHHe nonysaaa B Il'spsa M'LlICKa rHMHa3HlI, COepHlI, cnen KoeTO nOCT"LnBa B CY "KnHMeHT OXPH,n;CKH" B"LB epaKynTeTa no xnacasecxa epHnonorHlI C aropa CneUHaJIHOCT HCTOpHlI. Bnocnencreae CB'Lp3Ba C'b,n;6aTa CH C Pyee H pycenCKHlI KpaR KaTO Y'lHTen no KJIaCH'IeCKH e3HUH H HCTOpHlI.

Conaaaara YHHBepcHTeTcKa nonrOTOBKa KOHKpeTH3Hpa aarepecare My K'LM 6'LJIrapcKOTO MHHaJIO H nonxpaasa ll1060BTa My K'LM H3Cnenosarencsa pafiora. TOR CTaBa axTHBeH '1neH Ha apxeOnOrH'IecKoTO ,n;PYllCecTBO B Pyee H C nonsepraao '1YSCTBO 3a OTrOBopHOCT npe,n; Hay'lHHTe np06neMH 3anO'IBa na H3JJ;HpBa CTapHHH H ,n;OKYMeHTH, .n;a nPOY"Ba cenama H MOrHJlH. Manxara apxeonorasecxa c6HpKa K"LM M'LlKKaTa rHMHaJHlI B Pyee C 690 eKCDOHaTa H 62 KHHrH B pe3YJITaT Ha HerOBaTa ,n;etHOCT ,n;OCTHra 8000 npe.llMeTa H 1250 TOMa Ha)"IHa JJJITCPIlTypa. Cnea npe-

62

Bp'LInaHeTO Ii B rpancsa MY3eR npea 1944 r. H. Aarenos CTaBa ,n;06posonea ypenaax, a OT 1949 r. e npl,B ,n;HpeKTOP aa HOB0C'b3,n;a,n;eHHlI ,n;'LPlICaBeH MY3eR.

B nepaona 1948-1953 r. C'bBMeCTHO C npoep. Feopra I1n. Feopraes H. Aarenos nposexna paasonxa aa cennumara MorHna .IlO Pyce. no C'bInOTO apesse nocneznrasr pa60TH B C'bBMecTHaTa eKCne,IJ;HUHlI aa My3eHTe OT Pyee, Bapaa, Illyssea H CHnHCTpa aa rrpoysaaae na cpe,n;HOBeKOBHOTO cemnne npa C. Llap Acea, CHJlHCTpeHCKO. I1HTepecHTe My nOCTeneHHO pasunrpsaar xpsra CH H ee HaCO'lBaT K'LM 06eKTH OT Il spsara 6'LnrapcKa ,n;'LpllCaBa H K'LCHOTO cpenHOBeKOBHe. Pe3ynTaTHTe OT npoyxBaHHlITa CH ny6nHKYBa B 113BecTHlITa aa ApxeOnOrH'IeCKHlI HHCTHTYT. no HerOBa HHHUHaTHBa e nOCTaBeHO Ha'1aJIOTO aa nopenauara "MaTepHaJIH sa HCTopKlITa aa Pyee H PyeeHCKO".

OT 1956 r. H. AHrenOB npeMHaaaa na pafiora B OKp'LlICeH HCTOPH'1ecKH MY3eR, BenHKO T'LpHOBO, K'L.IleTO 3aBellC,n;a ornen .Apxeonoras''. P'LKoBO,IJ;HTen e Ha npOY'lBaHeTO Ha cenaunrara MOrHJla no C. XOTHHua, K'L,n;eTO ce OTKpHBa H3BecTHOTO snarHO C'bKpOBHIne. C'LBMecTHO C JlHKa HHKonOBa pa60TH no npoysaaae aa EMeHCKaTa neuiepa, Ha 6a3aTa aa aarpynaaas ornrr T03H nepaon OT .u;eiiHOCTTa My e saasarenea H nonesea, CB'Lp3aH C YCHneHa pafiora sa 060raTliBaHe aa MY3eRHHlI CPOHJJ;, aa C'b3,n;aBaHe aa HOBa eKCn03HUHJI, aa onassaae naMeTHHIIHTe aa KynTypaTa H TlIXHOTO nonynllpH3HpaHe.

C'LWeBpeMeHHO H. AHrenOB naCO'lBa BHHMaHHeTO CII K'LM ascnensaae aa cpe,n;HOBeKOBHHlI Tspaosrpaa H aerosara apxarexrypa - KpenOCTHH CTeHH, U'LPKOBHO CTpOHTenCTBO, lICllnHInHH xaaprana H np. TOR npss pa60TH no B'Lnpoca 3a T'LPHOBCKHTe saaaara H ,n;OKa3Ba cnoxaara COUHanaa crpyxrypa aa rpana, Taxa pesynTaTHTe My C'L'IeTaBaT apxeonoraseCKHTe MeTo,n;H C HCTOpH'IecKaTa HHTepnpeTaUHlI Ha BeInecTBeHHlI naMeTHHK. ABTOP e aa MHor06pORHH CTaTHH, CTy,n;HH, MOHorpaepHH H C'L- 06weHHJI. KaTO '1neH aa KOneKTHBa aa npOY'IBaHe aa lJ,apcKHJI nsopeu TOR xoparapa CTaHOBHIneTO aa paHHoBH- 3aHTHRcKaTa 6a3HnHKa KaTO ,n;BOpUOaa TpoHHa 3aJIa. OT'IHTaRKH KOHepHrypaUHlITa Ha TepeHa H CTpaTHrpaepCKaTa xapaKTepHcTHKa Ha HacnOABaaero, Te3H HerOBH H3BO,n;H B noHaTaT'LWHaTa pafiora nonyxaxa nsnHO noraspxneaae. C'LBMeCTHo C JlHxa Haxorrosa H COHA Feoprnesa YCTaHOBHxa H ,n;aTHpaxa OCHOBHH CTpOHTenHH nepHo,n;a aa naopeua . naTpHapWeCKHJlT KOMnneKC e casaoCTOATenHO npoysea OT H. AHrenOB. B Hero TOR oTKpHBa C'b3,n;aBaHeTo aa MaHaCTHpcKH KOMnneKC ycnopenao C 60nllpcICHJI 3aM'LK, a cnen 06J1BJlBaHeTO aa T'LpHOBO sa cronana npesupHaT B narpaapnrecxa HHCTHTYUHJI. 113J1cHeHa e CTpOHTenHaTa My HCTOPHlI H apXHTeKTypHHTe peuieaas.

H. AHrenOB HMa npHHOC aa YCTaHOBJIBaHe H. H3J1CHJlBaHe aa noCTOnH'IHHJI nepaon aa BenHICO T'LpHOBO, ICaTO pa60TH no npOY'IBaHe aa TPaICHiicKOTO cemnne, aa paHHOBH-

3aHTHHCKHB rpa~, Ha cTapo6onrapCKOTO nOCeJIeHHe H nepaona aa BH3aHTHHCKOTO po6cTBO, c;rpeMeHKH ce na OCBeTJIH apXeOJIOrH'IecKHTe nasrer~~H Ha 6a3aTa Ha HCTOpH'IeCKHTe H 06111ecTBeHo-HKOHOMH'IecKHTe yCJIOBHB aa C'bOTBeTHaTa enoxa. Taxa HanpHMep paHHOBH3aHTHHCKHB KOMTIJIeKC non OCHOBHTe aa ~PCKHB nsopeu H OTTaM uanara KpenOCT TOH paarnexaa KaTO npHeMHHK aa aHTH'IHHB rpan HHKOnOJIHC an l'ICTpYM H cBbp3Ba C 06lllHTe npo~ecH Ha npeXOM OT aHTH'lHOCT KbM cpe~HOBeKOBHe.

B co3~a~eHHB npes 1966 r, 06- utoaaponea KOMHTeT sa pa3BHTHeTO aa BeJIHKO TbPHOBO KaTO HCTOpH'IeCKH, KyJITypeH H TypHCTH'IecKH rpaa H. AHreJIOB 6elIJe penosea Y'laCTHHK B sacenaaaara aa lUi H HerOBOTO MHeHHe TellCelIJe KaTO aa aent n03HaBa'l aa np06JIeMHTe, OTHaCBlllH ce no cpenaoaexoano TbpHOBO.

IIo HerOBO rrpennoxeaae ce npennpae ~gJIOCTHO npoyseaae aa xpeuocrra Ilapeseu - MeTO~, KOHTO ce OKa3a rpynea, HO npaBHJIeH. TOBa nosene ~o Bb3MOllCHOCTTa na ce paaspae ~gJIOCTHO BbTpelIJHHBT rpan, na ce YCTaHoBBT HerOBHTe rpanoy-

CTpOHCTBeHH pelIJeHHB, xapasrepvr H CTeneHTa Ha MaTepHaJIHaTa My KYJIrypa,

C He nO-MaJIKO saaseaae 6elIJe _. rrpezmpaero OT Hero H3CJIeMaHe enHOBpeMeHHO Ha BCH'IKH KyJITypHH HaCJIOBBaHHB, 06pa3YBaHH B npozrsnlICeHHe Ha nOBe'le OT TpH xHJI~OJIeTHB. e~HHCTBeH Ha'lHH npa KOHTO MOllCexa 06eKTHBHO ~a ce pasrpaaa'IaT OT~eJIHHTe HCTOPH'IecKH erana H enoxa,

IIo pemeaae aa AHM npa IiAH OT 1968 r. H. AHreJIOB e H36paH sa 3aM. rJIaBeH pbKoBO~HTeJI aa apxeoJIOrH'IecKHTe paaeonxa aa Ilapeaen, IIoeMaHKH KOJIeKTHB OT MJIa~H apXeOJI03H, C '1YBCTBO sa OTrOBOPHOCT npezt rOJIBMaTa saztasa TOH C JIH'IHHB CH npasaep nOKa3BalIJe B3HCKaTeJIHOCT. C aepea ycer B aarepnperanasTa Ha o6eKTHTe 6aJIaHCHpalIJe BapHaHTHTe, TylIJHpalIJe KpaHHHTe yBJIe'1eHHlI, KoeTO H3~HralIJe aBTOpHTeTa My Ha Cne~HaJIHCT H pbKOBO~TeJI.

B aKTHBa aa H. AHreJIOB e Y'laCTHeTO My C Hay'lHH ~OKJIa~H Ha MellC~yHapo~HHTe sonrpeca no BH3aHTOJIOrHB npes 1962 r. B Byxypenr H IIbpBHn soarpec no CJIaBlIHCKa apXeOJIOrHB npes 1965 r. BbB Bapmasa.

KaTO aKTHBeH 'IJIeH aa Csiosa aa Hay'lHHTe pa60THH~ H IibJIrapcKoTo HCTOPH'IecKO ~pyllCeCTBO sa CBOBTa ~bJIrOrO~lIJHa aayxaa H 06111eCTBeHa ~eHHOCT e nOJIY'laBaJI aarpana H bTJIH'IHB. MellC~y KOHTO opnea .. KHI'M H MeTO~HH" III CT. (1970) H II CT. (1972).

CJIe~ neHCHOHHpaHeTO CH npea 1972 r. H. AHreJIOB ce saspsuta B Pyce, Kb~eTO OTHOBO pa3BHBa axTHBHa 06111ecTBeHa ~eHHocT. H36paH e aa npenceztaren aa ApYllCeCTBOTO aa npHBTeJIHTe aa MY3eHTe H naMeTHH~HTe Ha KYJITypaTa H pa60TH ~bJlfH rO~HH KaTO aKTHBeH H earycaasapaa paneren aa HCTOPH'IecKHB <PPOHT.

H3JIOllCeHOTo TyK e 6JIe~ onar na ce noxaxe enaa MHorOCTpaHHa H TIJIO~OTBOpHa ~eHHOCT aa nonpantero aa apXeOJIOrH'IecKaTa HaYKa. Oute no~aJIe'l OT nornena OCTaBaT TBOp'leCKHTe TbpceHHB H TellCHeHHB. Ho HanpaBeHOTO OT H. AHreJIOB naec HaMHpa H3pa3 B 06XBaTHaTa pafiora no np06JIeMHTe aa npoysaaaero H escnoaapaaero na cpenaosesoaaaa Tspaoarpan. H TOBa e npHHOCbT My aa pa3BHTHeTO aa 60nrapcKaTa apXeOJIOrHB' B CJIylKl5a aa aanrara HCTOpHil H xymypa,

CIIHC'bK na IIy6JIHKaUHHTe na HHKOJIa AHreJIOB

1. HOBOOTKPHTH cemuna no 6pera aa AYHaBa MellCJ\Y Pyce H TYTpaKaH.-HAH. XVIII. 1952,370-378.

2. Pa3KonKH aa cenmnaara MOrHJIa no Pyce npes 1948-1949 r, - HAH, XVIII, 1952, 119-194 (coaBTOp F. lb. I'eopraes).

3. Pa3KonKH aa cenamaara MOrHJIa J\O Pyce npea 1950-1953r.HAH, XXI. 1957, 41-127 (Cb3BTOP r. HJI. Feopraes).

4. Cenaunrara MOrHJIa npa c.

XOTHH~a. Hscn. B 'IeCTa na axan, A. Ae'leB. c .. 1958. 389-404.

5. 3JIaTHOTO csxpoemue OT XOTHHUa.-ApxeoJIOrHlI. I. 1959. 1-2. 38-46.

6. Pa60THJIHHua aa nJIOCKH KOCTeHH HJ\OJIH B cemnuaara MOrHJIa npH c. XOTHHua. TbPHOBCKO. - ApXeOJIOrHII. III. 1961, 2, 34-38.

7. Pa3KonKH na EMeHcKaTa nelllepa.-HAH. XXIV, 1961. 297-- 316 (csasrop jI. HHKOJIOBa).

8. ABa PHMCKH HaJ\rp06HH naMeTHHKa OT c. CBaJIeHHK, PyceHCKO. -HAli, XVII. 1950, 277-279.

9. IIaMeTHa nnosa OT p. Bena 110M. PyceHCKo.-HAH, XVII, 1950, 279-280.

10. Haxonxa OT Appiaria'- naec .. KaJIeTo", 7 KM H3TO'lHO OT c. Psxoso. - HAH, XVII, 1950, 274- 277.

II. Crapofisnrapcsa Ha~nHC OT Kpall ua IX B. OT c. Llap Acen, CHJIHCTpeHCKH oKpbr. - ApXeOJIOrHB, XXII, 1980, 2. 35-39.

12. Fpaxnaacxa nocrpoaxa B J\OJIHHa-ra aa IiBJI 6pllr npa IIpecJIaB. -HAH. XX, 1955. 429-444 (csasTOp CT. CTaH'IeB).

13. KbM HCTOPHliTa aa CKaJIHHlI MaHaCTHp npH c. HBaHoBo. - Ap-

XeOJIOrHlI. IV. 1962. 3, 16-20.

14. ApXeOJIOrH'IeCKH pasxonxa H npoyssaaas B TbpHOBO. -liop6a, .N!?

65. 1962.

15. IIp06JIeMH aa OT~eJI .. ApxeoJIOrHB". - B: I 00 rO~HHH OKpbllCeH HCTOPH'IecKH MY3eH BeJIHKO TbpHOBO. C .• 1971, c. 3.

16. T'spaoarpan npes BeKOBeTe. - B: BeJIHKO TbpHOBO. c., 1976, c. 3.

17. T'spaoarpan npes BeKOBeTe (pe3YJITaTH OT apXeOJIOrH'IeCKHTe pasKonKH 1966-1975r.}.-B: 8eJIHKO TbpHOBO. C .• 1977. c. 2.

18. Tspaosrpan npea BeKOBeTe (pe3YJITaTH OT apXeOJIOrH'IecKHTe paaKonKH 1966-1976 r.). - 8: Flpocnasa sa BeJIHKO TbpHOBO. C., 1978, 40- 60.

19. AHTH'IHO H paHHoBH3aHTHHCKO cenaute. - 8: HCTOPHII aa 8eJIHKO TbPHOBO. T. I. C .• 1986, 36-58.

20. KbM asnpoca sa CTapHTe H306pallCeHHlI Ha cpe~HoBeKoBHHlI rpan TbpHOBO.-HOMT. IV, 19.68. 1-16.

21. CpeJ\HOBeKOBHHlIT rpan TbPHOBO cnopen H3BopHTe OT XIIIXIV B. H nocerauraare- apXeOJIOrH'1eCKH pa3KonKH.-HOM8T, II. 1964, 1-18.

22. Kpenocraa CTeHH H xpenoCTHH CbopbllCeHHlI aa cpenuosexoBHaTa 60nrapcKa CTOJIHua TbpHOBO. -HOMT, I, 1962, 57-72.

23. Cpe~HOBeKOBeH KBapTaJI aa XbJIMa .. MoMHHa xpenocr" BbB BeJIHKO TbpHOBO. - ApXeOJIOrHlI. V. 1963. 1. 53-56 (Cb3BTOP jI. HHKOJIOBa).

24. Cpenaoaesoaaa U'bpKBa B aana~HHII CKJIOH aa X'bJIMa "MoMHHa KpenocT".-HOM8T, II. 1964. 19- 28 (C'baBTOp jI. HHKOJIOBa).

25. Cpenaosexoaea HeKpOnOJI B T'bPHOBO (ceaeposanazuro OT rapa Tpane3Hua).-HOMT. I, 1962, 23- 34.

26. Cpe~OBeKOBHH MOHeTH OT Tpanesaua B T'bPHOBO.-liOM8T, II, 1964, 93-102.

27. KOJIeKTHBHH HaXO~H aa MOHeTH OT B. T'bPHOBCKH OKp'br.HOMBT, II. 1964. 87-91.

28. CnaCHTeJIHH pasxonsa aa Llapeaen npes 1961 r. - ApXeOJIOrHlI. IV, 1962,4, 20-29.

29. KpenOCTHH CTeHH H nopra aa xonMa Ilapeseu B rp. 8. T'bPHOBO. (Pa3KonKH H npoysaaaas npe3 1963r.}.-HOM8T. III, 1966, 1-20.

30. IOlICHa aanpexaa spenocraa CTeHa Ha UapeBe~.-liOM8T, II, 1964, 35-43.

31. )l(HJIHlllHO CTpOHTeJICTBO

npes Cpenaosexoaaero (Llapeaeu paaspasa TaHHHTe CH). - 8: 8eJIHKO T'bPHOBO. C .• 1968, C: 5.

32. OTKpHTHTe aa Ilapeseu crpazta H YJIHUH. - 8: 8eJIHKO T'spHOBO. C., 1973, c. 3.

.33. ApXHTeKTypaTa aa ~Bopeua. - 8: ABOpeU'bT aa 6'bJIrapcKHTe nape npea BTOpaTa 60nrapcKa ~'bpllCaBa -UapeBrpaJ\ TbpHOB. T. L C., 1973, 39-166 (Cb3BTOPH C. Feopraesa H jI . HHKOJIOsa).

34. KyJITYPHH nJIaCTOBe npena asrpaxnaaero aa ~Bope~a. - B: ABOpetrsr aa 60nrapcKHTe uape npes 8TOpaTa 6'bJIrapcKa zrspxaaa, - Ilapesrpan T'bPHOB. T. I. c., 1973, 259-353.

35. HMnHcH OT nsopena aa Ilapeseu, - 8: ABOpe~'bT na 6onrapCKHTe uape npe3 8TopaTa 6'bJIrapcKa ~'bpllCaBa. - Llapesrpaa TbpHOB. T. I. c., 1973, 167-196.

63

36. Hapeseu 1972. - B: BeJIHICO TI.pHOBO. C., 1973, c. 4.

37. IJ;apcKHlIT naopeu B Ilapeseu, - B: BeJIH'IHeTO aa Tspaoarpan, C., 1985, 325-331 (Cb~OTO BbB B. BeJIHKO TbPHOBO, 1980, C. 6).

38. Flarpaapmecxasr KOMllJIeKC aa Llapeseu IIpe3 XII-XIVB.-IJ;apesrpan TbpHOB. T. 3. c., 1980.234 c. 39. Pa3KOlIICH H IIpoY'lBaHHlI Ha Ilarpaapmasra Ha Llapesen. - B: BeJIHKO TbpHOBO. c., 1974, c. 3.

40. CTap06bJ1rapcICH Ha.lllIHC OT Ilarpaapurasra aa Llapeaen, -liAli, XXXIII, 1972, 299-304.

41. Flarpaapumsra cpezuuue aa

.IlYXOBeH lKHBOT (1300 rO.llHHH IibJIrapHl'I).-B: liop6a.N!! 76,1981, IIPHJI. CBeT JIHK .N!! 6.

42. IJ;apcKHlIT naopeu H Ilarpaapurasra aa Ilapeseu, - B: LlapCTBYBa~HlIT rpan TbpHOB. C., 1985, 43--63.

43. TbpHoBrpa.ll-UeHTbp aa XY.Il0lKeCTBeHH aaaaara IIpe3 CpenaoBeKOBHeTO. - B: liop6a, .N!! 17, 1969.

44. T'spaoarpan-s-uerrrsp aa

IIPHJIOlKHO H3KYCTBO IIpe3 XIIIXIV B. C., 1970. 8 C., 10 JI. q,OTOpeIIPO.ll.

45. KbM BblIpoca aa pa3BHTHeTo aa aaaaarare B Cpe.llHOBeKOBHHlI

,lJ;MMMT'hP Hn, ,lJ;MMMTPOB (1927-1988)

Ha 6. IV. 1988 r. cnen KpaTKO 60JIe.llYBaHe IIO'lHHa }J;HMHThP liJIHeB }J;HMHTpOB-apXeOJIor BbB BapaenCKH MY3eR.

Ponea e aa 1. II. 1927 r. Ii CeBJIHeBo. Flpes 1946 r. aasspursa KJIaCH'IecKHlI OT.IleJI aa MblKKaTa rHMHa3HlI B Fopaa OPliXOBHua H 3alIHCBa KJIaCH'IecKa q,HJIOJIOrHlI B COq,HRCKHlI YHHBepcHTeT. Flpes apesse aa cnenaaHeTO CH Y'IaCTBYBa B pa3KonKHTe Ha TpaKHRcKHlI rpazt CeBTOnOJIHC KpaR Ka3aHJIbK H TOBa OKa3Ba peurasauto BJIHlIHHe aa 0pHeHTaUHlITa My B apxeoJIOrHlITa. Ilpes 1952r. e aaaaasea aa aCHCTeHT B Apxeonorasecxaa MY3eR BbB Bapaa, Kb.lleTO pa60TH .Il0 CMbPTTa CH. Ilpea 1955r. e H36paH sa HaY'IeH CbTPYJlHHK, a npe3 1977r.aa crapura HaY'IeH CbTpY.IlHHK. 3a~HTaBa KaH.llH.IlaTCKa .IlHcepTa~lI IIpe3 1975r., a npes 1987r. My 6e IIpHcszteaa HaY'IHa CTelIeH .Il0KTOP aa HCTOPH'IecKHTe HaYICH. Ilpasaaaae aa IIPOcPecHOHaJIHaTa My KBaJIHq,HKa~HlI 6e BICJIIO'IBaHeTO My B CbCTaBa aa CIIeUHaJIH3HpaHHlI CbBeT no CTapa H cpe.llHOBeKOBHa HCTOpHlI, apXeOJIOrHlI H eraorpadias IIpH BAK. }J;bJIrH rO.llHHH 6e npenonaearen IIO HCTOPHli Ha MaTepHaJIHaTa H .IlYXOBHaTa KYJIrypa B liHCTHTYTa no MelK.IlYHap0.lleH TYPH3bM H BHCIlIHlI HHCTHTYT sa aaPO.llHO CTOlIaHCTBO - Bapaa.

HaY'lHHTe anrepeca aa }J;HMHThP ,lJ;HMHTPOB ce Oq,OPMlIT IIO BpeMe aa Y'IaCTHeTO My B .IlBe KOJIeKTHBHH eecnenanaa, IIpoY'IBa~ IIpe3 50-Te rO.llHHH cpeJlHOBeKOBHHTe KpenOCTH IIpH Kasapaa H Ilap Acea. Ilpea 1957 r. TOR 3anO'IBa caMOCTOllTeJIHH pa3KonKH Ha paHHocpeJlHOBeKOBHH IIaMeTHH~ BbB BapHeHCKO. Oc06eHO llJIO.llOTBOpHa e TepeHHaTa MY H3CJIe-

64

.Il0BaTeJICICa pafiora npea 60-Te ro.IlHHH, xoraro npOY'IBa TpH nexponOJIa KpaR }J;eBHlI, CeJIH~e H aespoIIOJI KpaR DJIbCICOBO, CeJIH~e IIpH Bpecrax, HeKpOIIOJI IIpH 3aBO.lla sa MaHOMeTpH BbB Bapaa H H3.1lHpBa OCTaHKH OT MHoro HeH3BecTHH paHHOcpe.llHOBeKOBHH CeJIH~a. Ilpes 70-Te rO.llHHH TOR opraamapa H PbKOBO.llH IIpoY'IBaHHl!Ta Ha BaJIOBeTe npH IIIKOPIIHJIOBUH, Bapaa, H IJ;oHeBo. B IIJIaHOBeTe My aa aacrosrnara ronaaa q,HrYPHpaille npozrsnxeaae aa excne.IlHUHlITa OT 1954r. sa .Il0IIpOY'IBaHe aa cpe.llHOBeKOBHHl! IIbT llJIHCKa}J;pbCTbP H pa3KOlIKH Ha paHHOCpe.llHOBeKOBeH HeKpOIIOJI IIpH KapasraHHTe, 06~HHa BbJI'IH .Il0JI.

CJIe.ll KpaTKOTpaRHH 3aHHMaHHlI C IIaMeTHHUH OT paHHoxpHCTHlIHCKaTa H paHHOBH3aHTHRCKaTa enoxa }J;HMHTbP }J;HMHTPOB ce OTTefJIl! OT Ta3H IIp06JIeMaTHKa H HaCO'lBa BHHMaHHeTO CH KaTO aBTOp KbM IIaMeTHHUHTe aa paHHOTO 6bJ1rapcKO cpenaoBeKOBHe. Orne rrspsara My nesaraa pafiora aa HeKpOIIOJIa npa Pa3.1leJIHa My cnesenaa IlIHpOKa H3BecTHOCT cpen ClIeUHaJIHCTHTe. li naec saenno C KHHraTa aa CT. CTaH'IeB aa aespoIIOJIa rrpa HOBH Flaaap Ta3H eparxa CTaTHli e ezma OT HaR-'1eCTO UHTHpaHHTe pa60TH IIO IIp06JIeMa. Bepea aa IIpHHUHlIa na BbBelK.Ila 6e3 6aBeHe HOBOOTKpHTHTe IIaMeTHHUH H MaTePHaJIH, TOR ofiaaponsa npensapaTeJIHH Cb06~eHHlI aa BCH'IKH IIpoY'IeHH OT Hero 06eKTH H HalIHCBa HlIKOJIKO 0606~aBa~H pa60TH, cpen KOHTO ce OTKpOliBaT CTaTHHTe aa IIoceJIH~HaTa MpelKa B CeBepOH3TO'laa DbJlrapHlI, aa KepaMHICaTa H rrorpe6aJIHHlI 06pe.ll B HeICpOIIOJIHTe OT BapHeHCKO.

Tspaoarpan IIpe3 XIII-XIV B.liOMBT, V, 1972, 51--63.

46. Cpe.llHO~KOBHa crpadnrro-

KepaMHKa.-B: Dop6a, .N!! 66, 1973. 47. XY.IlOlKecT~eHa xepaseaxa OT Tspaoarpan, C., 19.74, q,oToaJI6YM.

48. Pa3BHTHeTOHa 3aHaliTHTe B CpeJlHOBeKOBHHlI T'spaoarpan, - B:

BeJIH'IHeTO aa T'spaosrpan, C., 1985, 332-338 (Cb~OTO BbB B. BeJIHKO TbpHOBO. C., 1978, c. 2).

49. Ha.llIIHCH, MOHorpaMH, 6YKBH H 3HaUH. - B: Cpe.llHOBeKOBHHlIT qepBeH. T. 1. C., 1985, 236-271.

ll. CJlABqEB

OT Ha'laJIOTO na 70-Te rO.llHHH 3aHHMaHHlITa na }J;HMHTbP }J;HMHTpOB IIOCTerreHHO ce xoauenrpapaxa OKOJIO IIp06JIeMHTe aa npafisnrapCKaTa HCTOPHli H KYJITypa. Ilnoa aa Te3H 3aHHMaHHlI 6e MOHorpaq,HlITa My "llpa6bJIrapHTe IIO CeBepHOTO H 3arra.llHOTO qepHoMopHe", 3a~HTeHa KaTO .Il0KTopcKa .IlHCepTaUHlI IIpe3 1987 r. Y CIIOpe.llHO C pafiorara CH Ha.ll Ta3H resaa TOR ofinaponaa penaua CTaTHH, IIOCBeTeHH aa eTHOKYJITypHH IIp06JIeMH aa paaaoro 6bJIrapcKO cpemroaexosae, aa KOHTaKTHTe MelK.IlY CJIaBlIHH H npafisnrapa, aa spsaKaTa MelK.IlY KbCHOaHTH'IHaTa H paHHocpe.llHOBeKOBHaTa KYJITypa. Pa60- THTe My OT T03H span nepaon ce OTJIH'IaBaT C OTJIH'IHO II03HaBaHe Ha q,aKTH'IecKHlI MaTepHaJI H crpevex KbM 06eKTHBHO Bb3CTaHOBliBaHe na HCTOpH'IeCKaTa .IleRCTBHTeJIHOCT.

Borarasr rrOJIeBH OIIHT H IIy6JIHKaUHHTe aa }J;HMHTbP }J;HMHTPOB My ClIe'leJIHXa H3BecTHOCT KaKTO Y Hac, raxa H cpezt ClIeUHaJIHCTHTe OT CCCP, PYMbHHlI, Yarapas, r<I>p. Bnaroztapeaae na HerOBHTe IIpOY'IBaHHlI cpenHOBeKOBHHlIT q,OH.Il aa BapHeHCKHlI MY3eR 3Ha'lHTeJIHO ce 060raTH H .IlHeC TOR e 3a.llbJIlKHTeJIeH IIYHKT aa pafiora aa MHoro '1YlK.IlecTpaHHH ClIeUHaJIHCTH, nocemasaum DbJIJ3.PHli.

)l,HMHTbP }J;HMHTPOB OCTaBli CIIOMeH aa epynapaa H3CJIe.llOBaTeJI, OIIHTeH MY3eeH pa60THHK H aKTHBeH IIOlIYJIlIpH3aTOp Ha Cpe.llHoBeKoBHoTO HH KYJITypHO-HCTOPH'IecKO HaCJIe.llCTBO. C npezcneapesseaaara My CMbpT apXeOJIOrH'IecKaTa KOJIerHl! B crpaaara ry6H BHCO!,O KBaJIHq,HUHpaH ClIeUHaJIHCT, npexpacea '10BeK H rpascaaaaa.

CIIHC'bK

aa IIO-BaJKHHTe naysna rpynose

aa CT. H. C • .n. H. H. ,L(HMHT'bP HJI. ,ilHMHTPOB

I. PaHHocpeJlHOBeICOBeH aeeponOJI npa rapa Pa3JleJIHa. - ApxeoJIOrHII, I, 1959, 3-4, 56----60.

2. PaHHoxpHCTHIIHCKH peJIecllH OT Bapaeacxo.v--Apxecnoras, III, 1961, 2, 17-21.

3. bH30He - KapBYHa. - HBA)]., XIII, 1962,64-109 (CbaBT. M. MHp'1eB H r. TOH'IeBa).

4. PaHHoBH3aHTHRcICO 3JIaTHO CDICpoBHlIle OT Bapaa. - Apxeonoras, V, 1963, 2, 35---40.

5. PaHHocpeJlHOBeICOBeH aezponOJI npa c. bJI"bCICOBO, BapHeHcKH oICp1.r.-HHMB, I1I1XVIII/, 1967, 127-147.

6. HnOH B1.npocH no npoysaaHeTO aa paHHocpeJlHOBeICOBHHTe CeJIHina B CeBepOH3TO'lHa b"LJIrapHII.MnK, 1967, 4, 1-5.

7. KeMmlx:pH H ROHHifeICH ICeMnclx:pOBH KanHTeJIH OT paHHoBH3aHTHRcKaTa enoxa B1.B BapHeHcKHII apXeOJIOrH'IecICH MY3eR. - HAH, XXX, 1967, 41-57.

8. HIIICOH B1.npOCH no aacrposaaHeTO aa paHHocpeJlHOBeICOBHHTe ceJIHlIla B CeBepOH3TO'lHa b"LJIrapHIi (VIII-Xis.). - B: I Miedzynarodowy kongres archeologii slowianskiej. T. IV. Warszawa, 1976, 71-78.

9. PaHH061.JIrapcICo censure npa

c. Bpecras, Bapaeacso. - HHMB, VI, /XX/, 1970, 113-136.

10. CTapo6"LJIrapcICH HeICpOnOJI 2 npa )].eBHJI.-HHMB, VI /XXI/, 1970, 21-47.

II. HOBOOTKPHT paHH06"LJIrapCICH HeICpOnOJI npa )].eBHII. - HHMB, VII /XXII/, 1971, 57-76.

12. PaHH06"LJIrapcICH HeKponOJI 3 npa )].eBHJI. - HHMB, VIII /XXIII!

1972, 45-65.

13. Kepasraxara OT paHH061.JIrapexsrre HeICpOnOJIH B1.B Bapaeacxo. -HHMB, IX/xXIV/, 1973,65-99.

14. npHHOC IC1.M H3Y'laBaHeTo aa CTap061.JIrapcKoTo )J(HJIHlIle B CesePOH3TO'lHa b"LJIrapHJI. - HHMB, IX /XXIV/, 1973, 101-109.

15. )].peBHe60JIrapcICHe aespo-

nOJIH B BapHeHcICoM oxpyre, - B:

CJIaBJlHHTe H CpeJlH3eMHOMOPCICHIiT CBIIT, VI-XI B. C., 1973, 75-91.

16. Florpefiamrasr 06peJl npa paHH061.JIrapcKHTe HeICpOnOJIH D1.B Bapaeacro (VIII-X B.). - HAH, XXXIV, 1974, 51-94.

17. PaHH061.JIrapcICH MaCOB rp06 npa r;paJl)].eBHII. - HHMB, X/xxV /, 1974, 109-143 (C"LaBT. r. MapHHoB). 18. HOMaJlCICa ICepaMHKa B CeaePOH3TO'lHa b1.JIrapHJI. - HHMB, XI /XXVI/, 1975, 37-58.

19. HJlICOH HOBH JlaHHH sa paaHaTa HCTOpHIi Ha npa6"LJIrapHTe no )].OJIHHII )].YHaB. -ApxeoJIorHJI, XVII, 1975, 4, 26--32.

20. HJlICOH B1.npOCH B1.B Bp1.3Ka C H3Y'laBaHeTO aa crapoosnrapcsoro MaCOBO )J(HJIHlIle OT VI-XI B. B CeBepoH3TO'lHa b"LJIrapHJI. - B:

ApxHTeKTYPaTa aa n1.pBan H BTOpan 6"LJIrapcKa Jl"Lp)J(aBa. C., 1975, 212-245.

21. )].By06PllJleH paHH06"LJIrap-

C1CH HeICpOnOJI npa Bapaa, - B: FlpeCJIaB, II, C., 1976, 107-124.

22. no B1.npoca sa rpo6HHTe )(8- MepH C TpynoH3rapJlHe B paaaocpenHOBeKOBHHTe HeICpOnOJIH B CeBePOH3- TO'lHa b"LJIrapHIi. - HHMB, XII /XXVII/, 1976, 8-18.

23. HJlICOH '1epTH aa cTap06"LJI-

3aIQHTeHH ~HCepTa~HH

HRaH CTecllaHoB b1. 'I a a pOB.

.. TeXHOAOZUilHU pa3H06UOHocmu U ocooenocmu npu uouemoceueuusma, rfioPMUpaU/U IIUPKYAQllUOHHama cpeoa npes XII-XV 6eK" (ICaH.ZlH.IlaTCICa JlHcepTaUHJI). Peu:eH3eHTH: CT. H. C.

I crenea Jl-P :R o p n a a Ka

IOpy ICO aa, npocll. Jl-P n e r s p

Ile r p o s.

)].HcepTaUHOHHHJIT TpYJl C 239 CTpaHHUH TeICCT e C"bCTaBeH OT YBOJl, '1eTHPH rJIaBH, KaTaJIOr aa JleTaHJIHO npoyseaare e,llHHH'IHH eIC3eMUJIRpH H MOHeTHH HaXO.llXH, XXVII Ta6JIHUH C HJIlOCTpaU:HH aa MOHeTH H IX naarpassa na cnexrpanaa aHaJIH3H. XpoHOJIOrH'IecICHTe· paMICH aa TeMaTa

9 Apxeonoras, 4, 1988 r.

06XBaIn;aT nepaona OT 1185-1396r., ICOHTO cIIaKTH'IecICH CDBn8):lllT C rpaHHUHTe aa B"L3CTaHOBJIBaHeTO H paaBHTHeTO aa 6"LJIrapcKaTa Jl"Lp)J(aBa, CJIeJl B"LCTaHHeTO na 6paTJlTa Acea H Ilersp, JlO 3aBJI8JlJlBaHeTO H OT ocMaHCICHTe HaweCTBeHHUH.

B trspsa rnasa e aanpasea 0630- pea npernen B pa3BHTHeTO aa MOHeToce'leHeTO B1.B BH3aHTHJI, BeHeUHJI H C1.p6HJI, ICaTO OCHOBHO BHHMaHHe e OTJleJIeHO B1.PXy MOHeToce'leHeTO Ha 6"LJIrapcICHTe BJI8JleTeJIH. Ha MOHeroceseaero aa nOCO'leHHTe Jl"LP)J(aBH e nanpaseaa ICpaTKa xapaerepacrzea Ha H3BeCTHHTe MOHeTHH THDOBe no BJI8JleTeJIH, HOMHHaJIH H MOHeTapHHUH. Flpa aarepnperapaaero na

<rapcsara MaTepHaJIHa ICyJITypa.HH)]., XXXI, 1977, 19-32.

24. HeKpOnOJI1.T npa rapa Pa3- JleJIHa,-HHMB, XIV /XXIX/, 1978, 120-152.

25. Hesoropue aonpocsr TIHOICYJILTYPHOii HCTOpHH aaceneaaa no npaaossy 6epery HH)J(Hero )J.yHali B V-VIIsB.-Actes du lie Congres International de Thracologie. II. Bucarest, 1980, 451-454.

26. B1.3HHlCBaHeTo aa rpaJlCICH uerrrpose B CeBepOH3To.'1Ha b'bJlraPHJI. - B: CpeJlHOBeKOBHHIIT 6"LJIrapCICH rpaa, C., 1980, 35-45.

27. Bapna H 6JIH3ICaTa H OICOJIHOCT npes VII-IX B. - HHMB, IlV33/1982, 55-77.

28. Flpafisnrapa H CJlaBIIHH B1.B BapHeHClCHIi ICpaii HenocpeJlCTBeHo CJIeJl CD3)UlBaHeTO aa 6"LJIrapcICaTa Jl1.p)J(aBa. - B: CpeJlHOBeICOBHa b"LJIrapas H lfepHOMOpHeTO. Bapaa, 1982, 89-98.

29. 3a '1HCJIeHOCTTa aa JlYHaBCICHre npa6"LJIrapH. - B: C60PHHK B naMeT aa CTaH'IO BaICJIHHOB. C., 1984, 34--39.

30. La culture materielle sur la rive septentrionale gauche du BasDanube aux VI,,-Xe siecles, - EB, 1985, I, 114-132.

31. npa6"LJIrapHTe no CeBepHOTO H 3an3JlHOTO qepHoMopHe (K1.M ssnpoca sa TJlXHOTO npHC"bCTBHe H HCTOPHII B .llHeWHHTe PYCKH 3eMH H ponsra HM npa 06pa3YBaHeTO aa 6"LJIrapcICaTa ,Jl1.p)J(aBa). Bapaa, 1987. 302 c.

P. PAWEB

TelH npo6JIeMH ca H3nOJI3YBaHH BCH'IICH HaH-HoBH npoyqBaHHJI, nOCBeTeHH aa cnOMeHaTHTe MOHeToce'leHHJI.

BTOpa rJUlBa BJCJl]O'IBa neT OTJleJIHH nO,JlTCMH.

n1.psaTa OT TJIX pa3rJIC)J(JUl TeXHOJIOrH'lHHTe nponeca, xapaerepH3HpalllH CICHcllaTHOTO MOHeToce'leHe B nepaona XII-XIV B. Hanpaaen e onar sa TJlXHOTO l{JIJlOCTHO cacreMaTH3HpaHe H rpynapaae no erana B caMHlI nponec aa MOHeToce'leHe. TeXHOJIOrH'lHHTe onepanaa, npenCTaBeHH B T03H nponec, ca rpynapaaa B '1eTupH OCHOBHH HaCOICH, pa3rJIe)J(Jl8lllH ssnpocare aa; TeXHOJIorHJlTa npa nparorsaae aa MeTaJIa, H3pa- 60TBaHeTO aa MOHeTHH 3arOTOBICH-

65

nJIaCnIHH, H3rOTBliHeTO aa MOHeTHHre nesara H CaMHlI npouec aa orne'IaTBaHeTO aa MOHeTHHTe lIApa. B xozta aa npoysaaae aa nOCO'leHHTe TeXHOJIOrH'IHH eTan~ ca pa3rJIeAaHH H OTAeJIHHTe pa3HOBIIJlHOCTH H aHOMaJIHH, C1>n1>TCTBYBaIllH MOHeTHOTO npoH3BOACTBO npes cpeAHOBeKOBHeTO.

Bropara nOATeMa npencraas B1>npOC'LT 3a BTOPH'IHOTO nOKpHTHe C MeTaJI aa 6HJIOHOBHTeMOHeTH, ysaCTBYBalllH B napH'IHOTO ofipsuteaae aa 61>JIrapcKaTa A1>pllCaBa. n1>pBO e npeACTaBeHO Oq,HUHaJIHOTO nOKpHTHe na MOHeTHTe C1>C cpe6po B nepaona XII-XIV B., KaTO B CJIY'Ial! KOHKpeTHO eOTAeJIeHO BHHMaHHe aa 6HJIOHOBHlI' HOMHHaJI. BTOPOTO aanpaBJIeHHe paarnexna MeAHHTe H 6HJIQHOBHTe MOHeTH C BTOpH'IHO nOKpHTHe OT 6JIaropoAeH MeTaJI C uen q,aJIlIIHq,Hl\HpaHe aa TlIXHaTa HOMHHaJIHa CTOHHOCT.

TJX:1:aTa nOATeMa npoysaa B1>npoca sa MOHeTHOTO opssaaae, aapssaaae H aaxynaaae npes XIIIXIV B. Hanpaaea e omrr sa CHCTeMaTH3HpaHe aa OTAeJIHHTe erana aa pa3BHTHeTO aa T03H nponec, CsmeBpeMeHHO ca nOT1>pceHH TeXHOJIOrH'IHH MeTOAH H cnocotia, KOHTO ca

KOHCTaHTHH liBaHOB .n; o xe s.

"MOHemOCeileHe U MOlU!mHO 06[J'b~eHue 6 ,TbPH060 6 nepuooa 1185- 1193 e," (icaHAHAaTCKa Ali:cepTal\HlI). Pel\eH3eHTH: CT. H. C. I CT. A-P AopAaHKa IOpYKoBa, non, AOPAaH AHApeeB.

Ilpes nOCJIeAHHTe HlIKOJIKO neceTHJIeTHlI·B pe3YJITaTa Ha npoq,ecHOHaJIHaTa pafiora na apXeOJIOrH'IecKHlI KOJIeKTHB, npoysaaut CTapHHHTe aa T1>PHOBO, 6l1xa OTKpHTH HlIKOJIKO XHJIlIAH 61>JTrapcKH H '1ylJ(AeeTpaHHH cpeAHOBeKOBHH MOHeTH. Tpll6Ba A8 oT6eJIellCHM, 'Ie HliMa APyr rpazt B D1>JIrapHlI, B KORTO na ca HaMepeHH TOJIKOBa MHoro MOHeTH OT XIIXIV B., HaA 13000, KOHTO npencrasJIliBaT COJIHAHa OCHOBa sa eAHO UJIOAOTBOPHO HYMH3MaTH'IHO H3CJIeABaHe He caMO B1>PXy MOHeTHTe aa 61>JIrapCKHTe BJIaAeTeJIH, HO H sa MOHeToce'1eHeTO aa DaJIKaHHTe rrpes XIIXIVB.

JIHllCaTa aa 0606maBa1ll0 H3- CJIeABaHe aa cpeAHOBeKOBHHTe MOHeTH OT T1>PHOBO onpenena uenra H sanaxare aa AHcepTal\HOHHaTa pa- 60Ta: UlIJIOCTHO H nOApo6Ho HYMH3- MaTH'lHO npoy'lBaHe Ha eAHHH'lHHTe H KOJIeKTHBHHTe HaxOAKH OT T1>pHOBO H TlIXHOTO npHBellCAaHe KaTO H3BOP sa nOJIHTHKO-HKOHOMH'leeKaTa HCTOpHli He CaMO aa rpana, HO H aa 61>JIrapcKaTa A1>p)J(aBa B nepHOA8 aa pa3BHTHli q,eOAanH31>M.

B AHcepTal\HOHHaTa patiora ca H3nOJI3YBaHH H npoY'leHH OT aBTopa 5998 eAHHH'IHH H 31 KOJIeKTHBHH HaXOAKH C1>C 7018 eK3eMUJIlIpa, HJTH 061110 13016 MOHeTH, OTKpHTH B paaoaa HaT1>pHOBO AO 1985r.

li3CJIeABaHeTo ce C'LCTOH OT ABe '1aCTH. li3JIOllCeHHeTo (227 MalIIHHOnHCHH CTpaHHl\H) BKJIIO'IBa }'BOA, ce-

66

H3nOJI3YBaHH npH npOBellCAaHeTo Ha MOHeTopll3BaHeTO H MOHeToHa'lynBaHeTO. CHCTeMaTH3HpaHH ca B TpH HanpaBJIeHHlI- P1>'IHO opsaaane xpea aoxana, MeXaHH'IHO - spea 3aM6a, H P1>'IHO Ha'lynBaHe Ha MOHeTHHTe liApa.

Ha 'IeTB1>pTO MliCTO e pasrnenaa np06JIeM1>T aa nosaara H pasnpocrpaaeanero aa MOHeTOJIeeHeTO no 61>JIrapcKHTe 3eMH npea XIII B. li3- nOJI3B.aHH 6l1xa AaHHHTe sa JIeTH MOHeTH, OTKpHTH aa TepHTopHliTa aa aanrara crpaaa.

nOCJIeAHaTa nera nOArJIaBa pasrJIellCAa H3BeeTHHTe nocera npene'IaTaHH CpeAHOBeKOBHH 6),JlrapcKH lI:fOHeTH, OTKpHTH aa TepHTopHliTa aa crpaaara, nOT1>pceHH ca npH'IHHHTe sa nosaara H pa3BHTHeTo aa MOHeTHOTO npenesaraaae. C1>llleCTBeHO MlICTO e OTAeJIeHO Ha TeXHOJIOrH'IHHTe npoueca, 06yCJIaBlIIllH MOHeTHOTO npeaacaxaae.

B TpeTa rnasa ca pa3rJIeAaHH B1>npOCHTe sa paanpocrpaaeaaero aa capaecxare aaana-rpadnrrn B1>PXy anepnepcaoaare, Cpe61>pHHTe H 6HJIOHOBHTe MOHeTH na BH3aHTHli H Beaeuas. Pa3rpaHH'IeHH ca TpH ocHOBHH nepHOAa B pa3BHTHeTo H

AeM rJIaBH H 3aKJIIO'IeHHe. B CHCTeMaTH3HpaHeTo H aHaJIH3HpaHeTo aa TOBa rOJIliMO MOHeTHO KOJIH'IeCTBO e npHJIOllCeH KOMnJIeKceH MeTOA, KaTO AaHHHTe ca orpaaena B 41 rpaq,H'IHH Ta6JIHnH C THnOJIOllCKH, CTaTHCTH'1eeKH, XpOHOJIOrH'IeH H MeTpOJIOrH'IeH aHaJIH3 aa OTAeJIHHTe MOHeToce'IeHHlI. Te3H Ta6JIHl\H 3aMeCTBaT TpaAHl\HOHHHlI 3a TaKHBa H3CJIeABaHHlI 06eMHCT onacarenea KaTaJIOr. B OTAeJIeH aJI6YM ca npeACTaBeHH 498 q,OTOCHHMKH aa OCHOBHHTe MOHeTHH THnOBe H BapHaHTH, KaKTO H AaHHHTe OT MHKpOCneKTpaJIHHlI aHaJIH3.

Pa3rJIeA8HH ca 3200 exaesmnapa 61>JIrapcKH MOHeTH OT 60 THna, KaTO 40 OT TliX ca Ce'leHH B T1>pHOBCKaTa MOHeTapHHna. AHaJIH3bT aa aassepeHHTe na TbPHOBO HliKOJIKOCTOTHH MeAHH 6),JlrapcKH HMHTaUHH, KaKTO H npHBJIH'IaHeTO Ha OCTaHaJIHlI ny6JIHKYBaH MaTepHaJI cnossornaxa na ce YTO'lHH OTHOCHTCJIHaTa XpOHOJIOrHlI aa 6~JIrapcKoTo HMHTaTHBHO MOHeToce'leHe, 'IHeTO Ha'laJIO MOllCe na ce nampa KbM 1200-1203 r. Cnopen AaHHHTe OT apXeOJIOrH'IeeKHTe npoY'lBaHHlI H MHKpOCneKTpaJIHHlI anaJIH3 MO)J(e na ce npennorrara, 'Ie 'IaCT OT TOBa HHTeH3HBHO MeAHO MOHeTOcesene, H3AaBaHO MaKap H aa KpaTKO apesre, 6HJIO npOH3BellCAaHO B TbPHOBO. TOBa ca MOHeTH OT HMHTaTHBHHlI THn C.

3a npsa n1>T ca npeACTaBeHH H 2 MeAHH MOHeTH aa Haaa Acea II. CbnOCTaBeHH C aassepeaare 'IYllCAeCTpaHHH MOHeTH OT 20-Te H 4O-Te rOAHHH (061llo 2500 exs.), noraspx;llaBa ce MHeHHeTO, 'Ie MOHeToce'leHeTO aa T03H 6),JlrapcKH nap 6HJIO H3AaBaHO npeAHMHO C Bb3nOMeHaTeJIeH xapaxrep, a He TOJIKOBa aa HylJ(AHTe aa napH'IHOTO 06pbllleHHe.

~Hor06pOHHHTe MeAHH MOHeTH

OTllIYMlIBaHeTO na TpaAHl\HlITa aa rpaq,HTonOCTaBliHeTO. Hanpaaea 6e onHT 3a T),JlKX!aHe Ha 'IaCT OT BKJIIO'IeHHTe 6JIH30 200 aaaxa-rpaq,HTH B HaCTOlllllOTO H3CJIeABaHe.

BTOpa 'IaCT BK~'1Ba KaTaJIOr aa eAHHH'IHHTe H KOJI~KTHBHHTe HaXOAKH, OTKpHTH aa TepHTopHliTa na crpaaara, nOJI3YBaHH B HaCTOlllllOTO H3- CJIeABaHe. Pa3rJIeAaHH ca 30 KOJIeKTHBHH HaXOAKH OT crpaaara npeAHMHO OT peraoaa aa CTOJIHnaTa BeJIHKO TbPHOBO, 3anaAHa H CeeePOH3TO'lHa D),JlrapHlI, KaTO npa TlIXHOTO OnHCBaHe ca oT6eJIlI3aHH OTAeJIHHTe TeXHOJIOrH'IHH Pa3HOBHAHOCTH, peracrpapaaa MellCAY MOHeTHHlI MaTepHaJI.

KaTO nbpBO no pOAa CH l\lIJIOCTHO HYMH3MaTH'IHO H3CJIeABaHe aa TeXHOJIOrH'IHHTe nponeca H oco6eHOCTH B CpeAHOBeKOBHOTO MOHeTOcexene AHcepTanHoHHHlIT TpYA na liBaH Db'lBapOB npHBellCAa AaHHH B H3l1CHliBaHeTO aa peAHlla npoq,HJIHpaaa np06JIeMH. npHHOCH B CpeAHOBeKOBHaTa HYMH3MaTHKa, Te C1>3AaBaT H3BOPOBH npeAnOCTaBKH sa q,opMYJIHpaHeTO Ha HOBH HAeH H Te3H.

3. XPliCTOBA

na KOHcTaHTHH Acea (454 eK3.) AaBaT Bb3MOllCHOCT na ce H3rpaAH TO'lHa xpoHOJIOrH'IHa KJIacHq,HKal\HlI aa HerOBHTe uieer MOHeTHH THna. Ilpeztcraaea e HOB, urecra MOHeTeH THn. ~OHeTOCe'leHeTO aa KOHCTaHTHH AceH e pa3rJIeAaHO KaTO pe3YJITaT OT 3aKOHOMepHa HICOHOMH'IeeKa He06xoAHMOCT, KOOTO H3HrpaJIO ponsra aa napaxaa peq,opMa. no apeMeTO na KOHCTaHTHH Acea TbPHOBCKaTa MOHeTapHHl\a npOH3BeJIa 1-2 MHJIHOHa MeADH Kopy6eCTH MOHeTH.

OTKpHTHTe MOHeTH aa liBaH Illaunran (061ll0 984 eK3.) cnosroraaxa na ce H3CJIeABaT nO-nllJIOCTHO HerOBHTe Cpe61>PHH, 6HJIOHOBH H MeA- ~ HH MOHeToce'leHHlI. Ilpeacrasea e HOB, '1eTBbpTH THn cpe6bPHH MOHeTH aa Haaa Illaursaaa, 'IHeTO OTCH'IaHe e CB1>p3aHO C HerOBaTa KopoHal\HlI npes npOJIeTTa aa 1371 r, YCTaHoBH ce, 'Ie npa ynpaBJIeHHeTO aa Hsaa Illamsraa ca H3AaBaHH 'IeTHpH cpe- 6bPHH MOHeToce'leHHlI, a He ABe, KalCTO AOCKOPO 6ewe H3BeeTHO.

Hasrepemrre B T1>PHOBO MeAHH MOHeTH aa APyrH 61>JIrapcKH nape HJIH CaMOCTOllTeJIHH BJIaAeTeJIH, KaTO ~HnO Acen, liBaH-CpallHMHp H JlKOB CBeTOCJIaB, ce osasaxa C Ba)J(HO aaaxeaae sa nOAPo6HOTO npoyxsaae aa TeXHHTe MOHeToce'leHHlI.

no .0THoweHHe aa '1ylJ(AeCTpaHHHTe MOHeTH HaH-rOJIliM AlIJl aaessar HaMepeHHTe BH3aHTHHcKH MOHeTH aa KOMHHHHTe, aa COJIYHCKHTe H HHKeHCKHTe BJIaAeTeJIH, aa naJIeOJI03HTe H JIaTHHCKHTe HMHTaTHBHH MOHeTOce'leHHlI.

Ha 6a3aTa Ha HeH3nOJI3YBaHH nocera B CpeAHOBeKOBHaTa HYMH3MaTHKa nHCMeHH H3BOPH H AaHHHTe OT aHaJIH3a aa MOHeTHHTe HaxOAKH OT TbPHOBO H OT APyrH paHOHH aa Bsnrapaa e H3l1CHeH B1>npoC1>T sa

npoaaxona aa '1aCT OT MHor06poi-

. HHTe JIaTHHCXH Me)lHH HMHT;mHH.

OeBeH B KOHCTaHTHHonOJl H COJIYH TIIXHOTO npoH3BO)lCTBO 6HJIO ocsnteCTBliBaHO H B ;:ZY6POBHIOC (cepas 6-,ll-

, .Y).

Te3H H3BO)lH nOCTaBJIT B HOBa' CBeTJIHHa xapaKTepa H oco6eHOCTHTe aa 6l>JJrapcXOTO napH'IHO 06pomeHHe OT rrspsara nOJlOBHHa aa XIII BeX, B XOeTO Ba~Ha POJlll H3nl>JJHlIBaJIK T. Hap. n.prOBCKH MOHeToce'leHHlI, xaKBHTO ce lIBliBaT Me)lHHTe HMHTaTHBHH MOHeTH, ceseaa B KOHCTaHTHHOnOJI H ,lly6poBHHX. Or ztpyra crpaaa, nOJIY'IeHHTe HOBH )laHHH MOraT )la nOCJIy~aT KaTO nOBO)l aa no-

Flpotpecop BEJHI3AP BEJIK 0 B, )lHpeKTOP aa ApXeOJIOrH'Ie-

KHHrOllHC

06I1lH C'L'IHHeHHJI

AmtlHaC06, Amasac ~UMump06.

BpaHHHo [TOJl6YXHHCKH oxpsr]. HCT. osepx. C., QcI>, 1986.

AmaHac06. Feopeu. K'bM HCTOpasecxara reorpaipas aa IO~Ha ,llo- 6py)l~a.-,ll06py~a, 4, 1987, 29- 37.

AHTH'IHH xpenOCTH, CTaHUHH H XaCTeJIH H cpe)lHOBeXOBHHII ,llP'bCT'bp.

Ilaue«, KUpUA Xp .• Heossxo HeOlfAK06 H Xpucmo HAuell. YWHHUH. HCTOPH'IecXH oseps sa PO)lHOTO C. YWHHUH, Pasrpancxa 06JIaCT. C., 0<11, 1987. 224c., 8 JI. HJI., noprp, (bH6JI .. PO)leH xpait).

~06pe6, Cmauuo. X'bPCOBO, Pa3- rpancxa oxpur[Hcr. oseps]. C., QcI>, 1987. 119 c. C Ta6JI., 12 JI. HJI., noprp., cPaxc. (bH6JI. PO)leH xpait).

HopoaH06, Kupu». CeBePOH3TO'laa TpaKHII- KOHTalCTHa soaa B EBponeitcxHII IOrOH3TOX. - B: II M~nyaap. ICOHrp. no 6'bJ11'apHCTHKa, CocPHIi 1986 r, ,llOKJIa)lH. 6: bl>JJrapcXHTe 3eMH B aHTH'IHOCTTa. bl>JJrapHJI npes Cpe)lHOBeXOBHeTO. C., 1987, 74-86.

Flpes npaacropasecsara H aaTH'lHaTa enoxa (11-1 XHJI. np. H. e.).

Kepau, Kypm. Hait-)lpeBHHlIT ~HTeJI aa AMepHKa. HCTOPHIi aa cesepoasrepasaacsara apxeonoras. Ilpea, OT aHrJI. XPHCTO KOBa'leBCICH. C., bl>JJr. Xy)lO~HHIC, 1987. 264 c. c:

M., 20 JI. HJI.

Kpamsa ucmopun na ,l.(06pyo:JICa.

C'bCTaB. H 06ma pen, BeJIJCo TOHeB H ~. 3ap'leB. Bapaa, f. Baxanoa, 1986. 439 c.

Peu.: JII060MHp ~OH'IeB, HnHll TO)leB H iKexo rIonoB.-HrIp, 1988, H.! 3, 98-102.

HaTan.WHO nO.Ap06Ho npoyssaae na HHTeH3HBHHTe n.proBCKH Bp1>3KH Me~)ly Bsnrapaa, BeHCUHJI H ,lly6c pOBHHK. -

OT BH3aHTHiCXHTe MOHeTH, H3- nOJI3YBaHH B T'bPHOBO B Kpall Hil XIII H rrspsara nOJIOBHHa aa XIV B., HaitMHoro6poitHH ca H3)laHHIITa aa FlaJIeOJI03HTe (06mo 818 e)lHHH'lHH aaXO)lKH) OT 128 MOHeTHH mna. TOBa e Haii-rOJIIiMOTO KOJIH'IeCTBO MOHeTH aa rIaJIeoJl03HTe, oTKpHBaHo y Hac. Bcpe)l n.PHOBCXHTe HaXO)lXH ce OTxpaxa 15 HOBH THna Me)lHH MOHeTH aa MHxaHJI VIII, AH)lPOHHK II H AH)lPOHHX III, ~oaH V, MaHYHJI II Ilaneonor.

MHor06poiiHHTe HaMepeHH MOHeTH npencraanaaar oco6eHO BalKCH H3BOP H aa CTOnaHCXaTa HCTOpHli aa rpana npea HcrOBHII CTOJlH'leH nepaon, XapaKTepHO.311 napH'lHOTO 06p'b-

, meaae aa T'bPHOBO C, 'IC TO ce <pa3BHBaJIO B'bB B'b3XO)lJlU{a JlHHHlI.

BcH'lKH pe3YiTaTH H H3BO)lH OT TOBa KOMnJICICCHO H3CJIC)lBaHC BHaClIT onpeaenea npHHOC sa ome no-rrsnHOTO H3J1CHIIBaHC Ha nOJIHTHICO-IOCOHOMH'IecKaTa HCTOpHIi HC caMO aa T'bPHOBO, HO H aa 6'bJ11'apcICaTa )l'bp~aBa npea XII-XIV B.

3. XPHCTOBA

CXHII HHCTHTyT H MY3ci npa bAH, C' CXHlI apxeonorasecea

H36paH aa penosea '1JIeH aa Fepssaa- (<IIpn.

HUKOA06, H. ApxeoaCTpoHOMHIITa H HliKOH B'bnpocH, KOHTO TJI noanara. - <IIH3., acrpoa., H)lCOJl., cPHJloc. C6., I, 1985, 124-131.

Opaue«, AmaHaC U H6tlHKa Opa'1e6a. PCICOHCYpYICUKli aa ICaMCHHH H OJIOBHH ICOTBH OT DIa6JIeHcKaTa MY- 3CitHa c6HplCa. - Apxeozoras, 1988, H.! I, 18-29.

Or aHTH'IHOCTTa H cpenaosexoBHCTO.

Ilonoe, BAllOUMUp. rIpoclJecop BeJIH3ap BeJIKOB - HOCHTCJI aa Xep)lepoBaTa Harpa)la Ha BHeHcKHII YHHsepcarer sa 1987 r. - BeKOBe, 1988, H.! 2, 68-71.

Poooncxu C60pHUK. T. VI. C., bAH, 1987.

Peu.: Tonop PaHreJIOB. rIPKHOC B H3Y'laBaHe MHHaJIOTO aa PO)lOnHTC. PO)lOnH, 1988, H.! 4, c. 23.

Cuoepoe, H6aH Xp, f'bPMCH (CoQ>HHcKa 06JIaCT). [HCT. osepx], C., 0<11, 1987. 137 c., 8 JI. HJI., I noprp. (bH6JI. PO)leH Kpait).

CmeifjaH06, Ileno, BHPOBCKO

[Maxaanosrpancso]. [HCT. osepx], C, 0<11, 1987. 79 c. C K., 8 JI. HJI., noPTP. (bH6J1. PO)lCH Kpaii).

XXXII HallUOHaAHaKoHrpepeHIlUlf no apxeonoeun 6 pa3zpaO. - ApxeoJlOrHlI, 1988, H.! I, 69-70.

OT 11 no 14 Mai 19871'.

XXXIII HallUOHQAHa KoHifjepeHilUlf' no apxeonoeun. Bnaroearpazt 1988 r. APXCOJIOcH'IecXH OTKpHTHII H pas-

o KonKH npes 1987 r. Bnaroesrpan, , 1988. 226 C.

C'b)l'bp~ C'b06meHHlI H pe31OMCTa aa )lOKJIa)lH sa pa3Konm aa cemnna H °o6eKTH OT npaaeropmecxara, aHTH'IHaTa H cpe)lHOBeXOBHaTa enoxa.

HHCTHTYT

Angelov, Dimitdr. Geschichte und

Archaologie, - Bulg. histor. rev.,

1987, No I, 89-97.

Ovcarov, Dimitdr. Une reneontre scientifique entre archeologues bulgares et hongrois.-Bulg. histor. rev., 1988, No 2, 121-123. _

, Slownik staroiytnosci I slowianskich: Encykl. zarys kultury Slowian od czasow najdawniejszych do schylku wieku XII. T. 7. 2. Supplcment A-C. Red. Gerard Labuda,' Zdzislaw Stieber. Wroclaw ect., Ossolineum, 1986. 626 p. ill.

npaHCTOpHJI

A6paM06ll. MaJI. Bpansara-c.Apeac;a npezeser na ICYJITa B 6'bJ11'apCKHTe 3eMH. - B: II MClI:JlYHap. KORTp. no 6l>JJrapHCTHKa, CocPHlI, 1986 r. JlOKJIa)lH. 6: b'bJlrapclCHTe 3CMH B )lpeBHOCTTa. b'bJlrapHli npes cpe)lHOBCKoBHeTo. C., 1987, 41--47.

Hpea npaaeropaseceara enoxa. DoHe6, AAeICCan06p. Hsxoa npo- 6JIeMH, CB'bP3aHH C KbCH06poH30BHII HCKponOJI npa c. Opcos, MHxaitJIoBrpanesa oxpsr, - B: II Me~Hap. KORT}): no 6l>JJrapHCTHKa, CocPHlI, 19861'. ,llOKJIa)lH. 6: Bsnrapcsare 3CMH B )lpeBHOCTTa. bl>JJrapHII npes cpe)lHOBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987, 48-52.

Baiico6, H6aH. rIOrpe6eHHII C H)lOJIH OT npaHCTOpH'IeCKHII HeKponOJI Kpait ceJIO ,llypaHICYJIaK, TOJI6yXHHCKH oKpor.-,ll06py~a, 4, 1987,77-82, 8 JI. npHJI.

Ilasauomoe, HlltlH. 3a apxeonorH'IecKHTC KyJITypH OT paaaara 6POH- 30Ba enoxa B Cesepaa bl>JJrapHII.B: II M~Hap. KORTp. no 6wapHCTHKa, COcPHII 1986 r. ,llOKJIa)lH. 6:

67

Bsnrapcxare 3eMH B ~peBHOCTTa. bbJlrapHII npea Cpe~OBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987, 32-36.

Tooopoea, Xenpuema. KaMeHHO. Me~HaTa enoxa B bbJIrapHJI (V XHJI. np. H. e.). C., Hayxa H.H3KYCTBO; 1986. 264 c. C HJI., 12 K., 70 Ta6J1.

Pen. Mag ABpaMOBa. - )].06py,ll)Ka, 4, 1987, 133--135; E. Pleslova.-Archeol. rozhledy, 1988, N03,

p. 352.

Comsp, Eugen. Les relations entre les cultures Cucuteni et Gumelnita.In: La civilisation de Cucuteni en contexte europeen. Jasi, 1987,81-87.

Die deutschen Ausgrabungen auf der Otzaki-Magula in Thessalien, 3. H. Hauptmann. Das spate Neolithikum und das Chalkolithikum. Bonn, 1981. (Beitrage zur ur-und friihgeschichtlichen Archaologie des Mittelmeer-Kulturraumes, 21).

Pen.: Xeapaera To~opoBa.)].06pY,ll)Ka, 4, 1987, 127-132.

Hartuche, N. Date privind evolutia culturii Gumelnita in Nord- Estul M unteniei §i nordul Dobrugei. - Istros, 2-3 (1981-1983), 1983, 29-34.

Huot, Jean-Louis. Les ceramiques monochromes lissees en Anatolie a l'epoque du bronze ancien. T. 2. Paris, Geuthner, 1986. 221 p. texte, 325 p. pl., 81 c.

THnOBe KepaMHKa H OT 6bJ1rapCKHTe 3eMH (Tpos VIIb2).

Makkay, Janos. Early Stamp Seals in South-East Europe. Budapest, Akademiai kiado, 1984. 123 p., 31 Abb.

Peu.: Eugen Comsa.i-=Prae-

histor. Zft., 63, 1988, No 1, 119--120.

Ozdogan, Mehmet. Taslicabayir, A Late Bronze Age burial mound in Eastern Thrace. - Anatolica, 14, 1987~ 5-39.

AHaJIOrHH B 6bJ1fapcKH HaXO~H.

AHTH'IHOCT

Geja306, Hea». )J,peBHO aacnehe Tpaxaje, Bpoasaaa IIJIaCTHKa H3 PHMcsor ~06a y Hal{HOHaJIHOM apxeoJlOUlICOM My3ejy. -byrapcKa y H3- rpaztasa, 1987, N! I, 18-19.

BacUAe6, BaCUA, Il, bPOH30BH Cb~OBe OT aexponona npa Tpe6eHHlIle. JbCJIe~BaHHJI BbPXY aHTH'fHOTO MeTaJI006pa60TBaHe. C., bAH, 1988. 124 c. C HJI. (Pa3KonICH H npoyssaaas, 19).

BeIlK06. Besusap, IIOJIHTH'IeCICOTO 3HaqeHHe aa 6bJITapcKHTe 3eMH npes IV B. OT H. e. - B: II Mel£.llYHap. xoarpec no 6bJ1fapHCTHKa, Coq,HJI, 1986 r. )J,OKJI~. 6: Bsnrapcsare 3eMH B ~peBHOCTTa. bbJlfapHJI npes cpezmoaesoeaero. C., 1987, 18-23.

IIo apxeonormeexa AAHHH. BIlQX06. KUpUA. TpaICHHClCH CBeTHJlHma-JIe'le6HH l{eHTJ>OBe [no e3HKOBH ~aHHH].-<I>HJI0JIOrHJI, 1987, Joe 19--20, 19--27.

&p6QH06a. MaJI. Tpaxo-nenacfHicICa TepHTOpHaJIHa 06l1lHOCT. - BeKOBe, 1988, N! 2, 16--19.

Fepeoea, ~UIlIUl. Csspoaamara Ha TpaKHJI H XHDep60peHCICHJI MHT. - B: II Me~p. KOHrp. no 6bJ1- rapHCTHKa, Coq,HJI, 1986r. )].OKJI~. 6: bbJlfapcKHTe leMH B ~BHOCTTa.

68

bbJIrapHJI npes Cpe~HOBeKOBHeTo. C., 1987, 53-73.

rUHe6. Teopeu. CbKPOBHlIleTO OT KpaJIeBO [Taprosamxo]. C., JibJIr. xy~OlKHHK, 1983. 63 c. C HJI.

Fopoanoe, Ilemsp u Tamnna KbH'le6a. bPOH30BH cjJHrYPKH aa KOHHHl{H H KOH'IeTa OT paaoaa aa HOBa 3aropa.-ApxeoJlOrHJI, 1988, Joe I, 30-36.

06PO'lHH napose, cBbp3aHH C nOqHTaHeTO Ha TpaKHHcKHJI KOHHHK.

Fouesa, Lsamosapa. 3aBemaHO OT TpaKHTe. Haysao-xynoa. KH. C., Ore'1ecTBO, 1987. 112 c. C HJI., IC., 8l{B. HJI.

MaTepHaJIHa KyJlTypa, apxeonorHqecKH naMeTHHl{H.

~peMcu306a-Hell'lUH06a. Ileemana. KbCHOaHTHqeH HeKpOnOJI Kpai rpa~ KbP~lKaJIH. - ApXeOJIOrHJI, '1988, Joe I, 36--43.

Kum06. Feopeu. TpaKHHCKH MOo rH.lUI OT 111-1 B. np. H. e. KpaH C. )].OHpeHl{H, JIOBeUlKH oxpsr. - B: II MelK~yHap. KOHrp. no 6bJ1rapHCTHKa, Coq,HJI, 1986 r. )].OKJI~H. 6: bbJIrapCKHTe 3eMH B ~peBHOCTTa. bbJIrapHJI npea cpe~OBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987, 37-40.

KOIle6a. Becenuna. TpaKHHcKoTO CbKpOBHlIle OT Por03eH. bH6JIHOrp. YKa3aTeJI. Bpana, OKp. ~Hp. KYJlTYPHO-HCTOPH'IecKO HaCJIe~CTBO, 1987. 12 c.

Kouseseo», reHaiJuu. POJIHHaTa aa naprare, [Haysaononyn, OqepK aa naprcxoro H3KYCTBO]. IIpeB. OT pyc. Bbp6HHKa Ha~eHOBa. C., Bsnr, xy~OlKHHK, 1987. 136 c. C K:, CX., HJI., 32 JI. HJI.

KpblKUH. Cepeea M. <l>paKHHl{H B rpesecsax roponax CeBepHOrO IIPH'1epHOMOpLJI. AaTopecjJ. Ha ~HC ... "Ka~. aa HCTOp. H." M., Mry HM.

M. Jlossoaocoaa, 1987. 23 c.

Jlasapoe, Muxau». )].peBHOTO MOPJIUIKO CBeTHJlHlIle aa KaJIHaKpa.Mop. CBJlT, 1986 [carn.], 47-49.

Jlasapoe, MuxQUIl. qepHo MOpe - KPbCTODbT Ha ~peBHH l{HBHJlH3al{HH.-Mop. CBJlT., 1987, Joe 7, 40- 44.

Mapa306. Hea». 3alllo e 6HJ1o sapoaeao CbKpOBHlIleTO OT Por03eH. OnHT 3a OTrOBOp. - IIpo6JI. KYJlTYpara, 1988, Joe 2, 26--39.

Ilempoea, C6emlla Bopucoea. KaDHTeJIbT npes pHMcKaTa. enoxa B MH3HJ1 H TpaKHJI. ABTOpecjJ. aa JlHC ... "KaH~. aa HCTOp. H.". C., 1988. 31 c.

Cmauueea, Maeoamma. CmH'1eBHJlT '1aCOBHHK [B ceno JI03eH, Coq,HHCKO]. - COcjJHJI, 1987, Joe 7, 18-19.

Taueea, Mapeapuma. TpaKriCKaTa napcxa BJIaCT. - B: II Mel£.llYHap. KOHrp. no 6bJ1fapHCTHKa, Coq,HJI, 1986 r. )J,OKJI~H. 6: Bsnrapcxare leMH B ~BHOCTTa. Bsnrapaa npe3 Cpe~OBeKOBHeTo. c., 1987, 24-31.

Touee, JlI06eH. 3a rpanoycrpoaCTBOTO Ha TpaKHTe no 6bnTapcKHTe 3eMH.-TexH. MHCbJI, 1987, Joe 4, 83-88.

Tpeucmep, M. 10. Haysaas KOHcjJepeHl{HJI ,,<l>paKHiClCH BKJI~ H3 cena POrOleH". - B)].I1, 1988, Joe 2, 243- 244.

Cscrosrra ce B )].bplK. MyleH aa H306pa3. H3KYCTBa "A. C. IIyUlKHH"

aa 23 cerrresrapa 1986 r. C ysacraero aa CbBeTCKH H 6bJ1rapcKH Y'leHH.

(/)011. AlleKcano"p. TPaKHHCKHJlT Op.pH3bM. - B: 11 Mel£.llYHap. KOHrp. no 6bJ1rapHCTHKa, Coq,HJI, 1986r. )J,oKJla~H. 6: bbJIrapcKMTe leMH B ztpeeHOCTTa. bbJIrapHJI nPe3 Cpe~OBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987, 7-17.

(/)011. AlleKcano"p. TpaKHHCKHJlT OpcjJH31,;M: aceneaara y '10BeKa. - qoBeK, eBOJIIOl{HJI, KOCMOC, 1986, Joe I, 61-70.

(/)011. AIleKcano"p. TpaKHHcKoTO.

CbKpoBHll{e OT c. Por03eH. -)].apHTeJlH, 1987, Joe 2, 14-16.

XeHUHz. RoaXUM. )f(eJIe3006pa-· 60TBalllH pa60THJlHHl{H B ~OJIHaTa ~HaBCKa 06JIi:u;T sa BpeMeTO MelK.ZlY KbCHaTa aHTH'fHOCT H paHHOTO cpe~HOBeKOBHe. - B: II MelI(,Zl)'Hap. KOHrp. no 6bJ1rapHCTHKa, Coq,HJI, 1986 r. )].0- KJI~H. 6: bbJIrapcKHTe leMH B npeaHOCTTa. bbJIrapHJI npes cpeJIHOBeKOo BHeTO. C., 1987, 177-186.

l/U'lUK06a. MapUJI. Csemapcsara rpo6HHl{a - oc06eHOCTH aa apxaTeKTOHH'IHaTa ~eKOpal{HJI. - B: II MelK~yHap. KOHrp. no 6bJirapHCTHKa, Coq,HJI 1986r. )].OKJI~. 6: bbJlrapCKHTe leMH B ~peBHOCTTa. bbJIrapHJI npea Cpe~HOBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987,87- 92.

Berquist. A. et T. Taylor. The origin of the gundestrup cauldron.Antiquity, 61, 1987, No 231, 10-24.

AHaJIH3 aa H306palKeHHJlTa sspxy cpetispaare Cb~OBe OT TpaKHiCKOTO CbKpOBHlIle OT II B. np. H. e. OT POrOleH.

Fol, Alexander. Plovdiv'86: from Object to Subject - Matter in Thracology.-Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 7, 1988, No I, 115-120.

Hartuche, N. et O. Bounegru Doua plilci ale Cavalerului Trac din colectiile M uzeului Brailei, - Istros, 2-3 (1981-1983), 1983, 219-223.

Or OKOJIHOCTHTe aa Tpe3MHC H KaJIaTHC.

Ivanov. Teofil. Nicopolis ad Istrum - romische und friihbyzantinische Stadt in Nordbulgarien. - Bulg. histor. rev., 1988, No 2, 48-72.

Kitov, Georgi et Pawel Pawlow.

Kultura tracka na ziemiach okregu loweczanskiego. [IIpeB. OT 6bJ1f. aa nOJI. es.]. s., [I1KO-HHIPoPM], 1987, 65 c. C ua, HJI.

Manfrini-Aragno, Ivonne. Bacchus dans les bronzes hellenistiques et romains. Les artisans et leur repertoire. Lausanne, 1987. 227 p., 84 p. ill.

IIpe~CTaBJI 6p.oH30BH cjJHfYPKH aa Baxxyc H OT 6bJ1rapcKHTe 3eMH.

Novaensia. Badania Ekspedycji Archeol. Uniw. Warszawskiego w Novae. T. l. Studia, materialy. Red. Ludwika Press. Warszawa, Wyd. Uniw. Warszawskiego, 1987.328 p. ill.

Sirbu, Valeriu. Piese romane §i bizantine descoperite in zona Durostorum - Pacuiul lui Soare, aflate in colectiile Muzeului Braila. - Istros, 2-3 (1981-1983), 1983, 191-196.

reMH, cjJH6YJIH, MaJIKH KpbCTsera, JlaMnH H np.

Taylor. T. Flying stags: Icons and power in Thracian art. - In: The archaeology of contextual meanings. Cambridge, 1987, 117-132.

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3a MOHorpa<pHHTe aa: M. Dusek.

Die Thraker in Karpatenbecken. Amsterdam, 1979; A. H. MeAHJK06a. CKH<pHIi H TpaKHitcKHH MHp. M., 1979; H aa V. Vasilev. Seitii-agatirsi pe teritoriul Romaniei. Clui-Napoca, 1980.

Cpe,lJ;HOBeKOBHe

AAaoJIC06. )/(U6KO H HUKOAau 06'1apo6. )J,aHHH sa npafisnrapcxo npHC'bCTBHe B PO,llOnCKaTa 06J1aCT.B: II MelK,llYHap. KOHrp. no 6'LJ1rapHCTHKa, . CO<pHII, 1986r. )J,oKJla,llH. 6: li'LJIraPcKHTe JeMH B ,llpeBHOCTTa. li'LJIrapHli npea Cpe,llHOBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987, 294---300.

no apXeOJlOrH'IecKH, c<PparHCTH'IHH H aHTponOJlOrH'IHH ,llaHHH.

AAaoJIC06. )/(U6KO. )J,aHHHTe OT HeKpOnOJlHTe KaTO H3BOP aa penarasra aa npafianrapsrre. - B: C60pHHK ,llOKJI. OT III aau, KOH<p. aa MJla,llHTe HCTOpHUH, nJlOB,llHB 1981. c., 1985, 7-12.

AAaoJIC06. )/(U6KO. 3a HMeTO H C'LIUHOCTTa aa B'LPXOBHHlI npa6'LJIrapcxa 60r. -1i'LJIr. eraorp., 1987,.Nil 4,72-77.

Asexcuee, Hop(jaH. T'LPHOB-

rpa,ll-COUHaJIHO-HKOHOMH'IecKH 06- JlHK. - B: II MelK,llYHap. 1C0Hrp. no 6'LJ1rapHCTHKa, CO<pHlI, 1986 r. )J,oxnana. 6: li'LJlfapcKHTe 3eMH B npeeHOCTTa. li'LJIrapHli npes cpenaoaexoBHeTO. c., 1987, 464---473.

no apXeOJlOrH'IecKH ,llaHHH. AHzeA06. j(UMum'bp. li'LJIrapHH'LT B ,Cpe,llHOBeKOBHeTo. (Cserornen, H,lleOJlOrHlI, ,llYlIIeBHOCT). Bapaa, r. liaKaJIOB, 1985. 337 c.

Pen.: L(BeTaHa qOJloBa. - Bulg. histor. rev., 1988, No I, 91-95.

Aneenoea, CmetjJKa U JIHJOMUAa llonueea-Ilemxoea. C'LCTaB1>T aa Haeeneaaero B )J,06pY,ll)((a OT spas aa X no KPali aa XV B. - B: II MelK,llYHap. KOHrp. no 6'LJ1rapHCTHIC3, Co<PHli 1986 r. )J,0)(Jla,llH. 6: Bsnrapcxare 3eMH B ,llpeBHOCTTa. Bsnrapas npea Cpe,llHOBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987,373-383.

Cnopen apXeOJlOrH'IecKHTe npoY'lBaHHlI.

AnocmoA06. DlaHKo. Op'L)((He H CHapll)((eHHe OT noxona H nonecpaaeHHeTO ICpaii Bapna npe3 l444r.J.bB. Han, BoeHHOHCTOp. MYJeR, 7, 1987, 80-84.

ApxeOAOZUlieCKU OaHllU no cnopa sa zpo6a ua BaCUA JIe6cKu 6 lI'bpK6ama "C6. Ilemxa Ca.MapOJICuiiCKa". )J,OICYMeHl'H H CTaHOBHIUa. C'LCTaB. HHKoJlaH TO,ll0POB. C., IiAH, 1988. 484 c. C HJl., CX.

B'LB Bp'L3Ka C apxeonorasecxxre pasxonxa npes 1956r.

AtjJaHac'beB. reHHaOuii E. CHCTeMa 060POHLI CaJITOBCKOR 3eMJIH. - B: II Me)((,llyHap. 1C0Hrp. no 6'LJ1fapHCTHKa, Co<PHlI, 1986 r. )J,OJ(Jla,llH. 6: li'LJlfapcKHTe JeMH B ,llpeBHOCTTa. li'LJlfapHli npes cpe,llHOBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987, 211-226.

APXHTeKTYPHH Tpa,llHUHH HJlH BJlHlIHHlI OT npa6'LJ1fapcKaTa oT6pa-

HHTeJlHa TeXHHKa.

DeWeBAUe6. DOJlH. Iloaasaaaero aa Ha3BaHHeTO "D'LJIrapHlI" B nexarHHTe KapTH npea XVI- XVIII B. - B: - II MelK,llYHap. KOHrp. no 6'LJlrapHCTHKa, CO<pHlI, 1986 r. )J,oKJla,llH. 6: D'LJIrapcsare 3eMH B ,llpeBHOCTTa. BsnrapHli npea Cpenaosexosaero. C., 1987, 567-594.

DOJICK06. AmaHac. Ih06palKeHHe na e,llHH 61>JlrapHH B'LPXY uearpanHHTe BpaTH aa "CaH Flaerpo" B PHM. - OTe'leCTBO, 1988, .Nil 9, c. 26.

Ih06palKeHHe OT XV B. aa KOHCTaHTHHOnOJlCKHlI narpaapx AOCH<p II, 6'LJlrapHH no npOH3XO,ll.

DOHe6. Cmou'lo. K'LM B'LnpOCa sa rpa,ll0ycTpOHCTBOTO aa B'LTpelllHHlI rpan Ilpecnaa npes XB.-B: II Me)((,llYHap. KOHrp. no 6'LJlrapHCTHKa, CO<pHlI, 1986 r. )J,oKJla,llH. 6: li'LJIra{1- CICHTe JeMH B ,llpeBHOCTTa. D'LJIrapHli npea Cpe,llHOBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987, 431-436.

DOCUAK06. C6emAUH. KTHTopHTe [H CTeHHaTa )((HBOnHc) OT Ap6aHacH. -)J,apHTeJlH, 1987,.Nil 4, 25-27.

BaKAUH06a. Mapzapuma. Tlpo- 6J1eMH aa eraoreaesa aa 6'LJ1rapHTe B Pononcsara 06J1aCT npea cpenaoseKOBHeTO. - B: II MelK,llYHap. KOHrp. no 6'LJ1rapHCTHKa, C0<pHlI, 1986 r. )J,oxnana. 6: li'LJIrapcKHTe 3eMH B npeaHOCTTa. li'LJIrapHli npea cpenaosexoBHeTO. C., 1987, 279-293.

BacUAe6, Paoocnae. PaaaocpenHOBeKOBHH cenauta VIII-X B. B paHOHa aa nJlHCKa. - B: II MelK,llYHap. KOHrp. no 6'LJ1rapHCTHKa, CO<pHII, 1986 r. )J,OKJla,llH. 6: D'LJIrapclCHTe aeMH B ,llpeBHOCTTa. li'LJIrapHli npes cpe,llHOBeXOBHeTO. C., 1987,400-406.

Bacuneea, j(atjJuHa. rOJleMHlIT nsopeu B nJlHCKa. Meron aa npoexrapaae. - TeXH. MHC'LJI., 1987, .Nil 2, 89-92.

Bacunuee, AceH. li'LJIrapcKH CBeTUK B H306pa3HTeJlHOTO H3KYCTBO. C., CeOTeMBPI!I. 1987. 246 c. C HJl.

Peu.: HepoM. Flaaen Crepaaoa.

Ii'LJlrapCKH enessear B npasocnaaaara HKoHorpa<pHli. - )J,yxoBHa KYJlT., 1988, .Nil I, 31-32.

BeHoeA, Muxaen. Paaxonxa aa o6eKT "Kapacypa" no c. PynICHTe, Craposaropcsa OKP'Lr. - B: II Me)((nyaap, KOHrp. no 6'LJlrapHCTHKa, Co<pHlI, 1986 r. )J,oKJlaJlH. 6: D;bJlrapcKHTe JeMH B JlpeBHOCTTa. li'LJIrapHli npea CpeJlHOBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987,200-204.

BeHeouK06. H6aH. 3J1aTHHlIT CTOlKep aa npa6'LJ1rapHTe. [113cJleJlBaHe). C., Hap. ICYJlTypa, 1987.

BumAJlH06. CmOJlH. OTOTIJlH-

TeJlHH C'LOp1>lKeHHlI B paaocpenaoaeKOBHHTe 61>JlrapcKH )((HJlHma. - B: II Me)((JlYHap. KOHrp. no 6'LJ1fapHCTHXa, CO<pHlI, 1986 r. )J,OKJla,llH. 6: li'LJIrapCKHTe 3eMH B JlpeBHOCTTa. li'LJIrapHli npes Cpe,llHOBeICOBHeTO. C., 1987, 420-430.

Bnaeecxa-Cmanueea. AHHa. I>'LJIrapcxara crpadnrro-sepaseaxa HHlIKOH npo6J1eMH Ha cpeJlHOBelCOBHaTa xynrypa (XIII-XIVB.).-B: CoopHHK JlOKJI. OT III aan, KOH<p. aa MJla,llHTe HCTOpHUH, nJlOB,llHB 1981 r., C., 1985, 18-21.

B'bJICap06a. )/(U6Ka. MHTOJlO-

rasra aa IO)((HHTe CJlaBlIHH (6'LJ1fa-

pare), - B: II Me)((JlYHap. KOHrp. no 6'LJ1rapHCTHKa, CO<pHlI, 1986r. )J,oKJlaJlH. 6: li'LJIrapcKHTe JeMH B JlpeBHOCTTa. D'LJIrapHli npes CpeJlHOBeKOBHeTo. C., 1987, 390-399.

, BMe6. Ilemsp. AHaJIH3 aa HliKOH rpa<pH'IHH H CHHMKOBH MaTepHaJlH sa rpof 95 B U'LpKBan "CB. Flapacsesa CaMapJl)((HRCKa" B C0<pHlI.-ApxeoJlOrHlI, 1988, .Nil I, 7-17.

Taeoea, Kpacuuupa. np06J1eMH na HCTOpH'IecKaTa reorpa<pHli aa Ceaepaa TpaKHII npea Cpe,llHOBeKOBHeTO. - B: II MelKJlYHap. KOHrp. no 6'LJ1rapHCTHKa, Co<PHlI, 1986 r. )J,oKJlaJlH. 6: li'LJIrapcKHTe 3eMH B npeaHOCTTa. D'LJIrapHli npea cpeJlHOBCKOBHeTO. C., 19'87, 595~.

Feopeuee, Bacus D. Baroura B cnOMeHHTe aa CTapH '1y)((,llH rrsreureCTBeHHUH.-Co<PHlI, 1987, Nil 7, 43- 44.

Feopeuee, IIa6eA. HuoH oco6eHOCTH B pa3BHTHeTO aa MOHYMeHTaJIHOTO cTpOHTeJICTBO VIII-IX B. B Ilnacsa. - B: II MelK,llYHap. KOHrp. no 6'LJ1rapHCTHKa, CO<pHlI, 1986 r. )J,oKJlaJlH. 6: li'LJlfapcKHTe 3eMH B JlpeBHOCTTa. D'LJIrapHli npea cpe,llHOBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987, 407-419.

Feopeueea, COHJI. ApXeOJlOrH'IeCXH npoY'IBaHHlI aa MHHaJIOTO sa naceneaaero B POJlOnHTe. - B: II MelKJlYHap. 1C0Hrp. no 6'LJ1rapHCTHKa, Co<PHlI, 1986 r. )J,OICJla,llH. 6: D'LJIrapCKHTe 3eMH B JlpeBHOCTTa. li'LJIrapHli npes cpeJlHOBeICOBHeTO. C., 1987, 312 -331.

MaTepHaJIH OT cpeJlHOBeKOBHaTa enoxa.

Fypeeu«, ApOH H. np06J1eMH aa CpeJlHOBeKOBHaTa Hapo.llHa KYJlTYpa. [Hscneaaaae]. C., HaYJCa H H3KYCTBO, 1985.

Peu.: Becenaa naHaHOTOB. 113- CJleJlBaHe B1>PXY HapOJlHaTa ICYJlTypa aa CpeJlHOBeICOBHeTO. - E3. H JlHT., 1987, .Nil 2, 132-134.

j(JlCaM606. H6aH. HOBH ,llaHHH aa HlIICOH KpenOCTH H cenama B C'LIUltHCKa Cpeaaa ropa. - B: C60PHHIC JlOKJI. OT III aau, KOH<p. aa MJla,llHTe HCTOPHUK, nJlOBJlHB 1981 r. c., 1985, 4---6.

OT cpenaoeexosaara enoxa. j(JlCaM606. H6aH. PHcYHKH-rpa<PHTH OT Cpe.llHOBeKOBHaTa U'LpKBa B KpenOCTTa AHeBcKo KaJIe. - ApxeoJlOrHlI, 1988, .Nil I, 57-62.

j(JlCUHZ06. Feopeu. ApXeOJlOrH'1eCKHTe pa31C0nKH na sepxsara "CB. Ilerxa CaMapJllKHHCKa" B CO<pHli [npea 1956r.)-Te9PHli H <paKTH.-B:

II Me)((JlYHap. KOHrp. no mJlrapHCTHxa, Co<PHlI, 1986 r. )J,0)(Jla,llH. 6: Ii'LJIrapcxare JeMH B JlpeBHOCTTa. Ii'LJIrapHli npea cpeJlHOBeKOBHeTo. C., 1987, 739-749.

Iluuumpoe, DOJICUOap. HOBO CBHJleTeJlCTBO sa KYJlTa K'LM KJlHMeHT OXPHJlCKH B cpe,llHOBeKOBHHlI Ben- 6'LJl)(( [6poH30B Kp'LCT eHKOJlUHoH). -CrpYMa, 1987, .Nil I, 188-190.

Hom06. Basepu. qeTHpH )((eJle3HH crpesseaa OT CTap06'LJ1fapcXQTO cemnue npa C. 1i0)((YPOBO, TOJl6yXHHCKH OKP1>r. - )J,06py Jl)((a, 4, 1987, 93-95, 1 npan,

Kpuusmo, j(bHJAa. K aonpocy 0 60JlrapcKoM anansrsecree aa Ans-

69

; cPeJ1b):le B IX B. - 8: II Me)l(.llyHap.

KOHrp. no 6bJ1rapHcTHKa. COcPHlI 1986 r. J].oKJ1a):lH. 6: IibJIrapcKHTe 3eMH B npeanocrra. IibJIrapHlI npea cpeaaosexoaaero. C .• 1987,265-272.

ApXe0J10rH'IecJ;H CJ1e):lH sa 6bJ1- rapcxo npHCDCTBHe.

Ky.nmypama -na cpeouoeexoeuun 'TbPII06 .. Pea. AUHac Florros H BeJ1H3ap BeJ1KOB. C., IiAH. 1985. 214 c.

Peu.: Petre Diaconu. - Istros, 5, 1987, 441-442.

Jlenaxuu, B. JIHK, J1HUO H HeKOTopble HKoHorpacPH'IecKHe OC06eHHOCTH 06pa30B KHpHJ1J1a H Mecpo):lHlI B 1i0J1rapHH. - 8: CJ1aBlIHHTe - npa- 6'bJ1rapHTe - 8H3aHTHlI. Cerea., 1986, 143-164.

Maxeoouoe, pUMumbp. MaaacTHp'bT .. CB. KOHCTaHTHH H Eneaa" KpaH HBaHJ10Brpa):l [OT XIII BeK).J].YXOBHa KYJ1T .• 1987. NQ 4, 26--33.

Mamee, Hea«. HpJ1aH):lCKHlIT CB. naTpHKHH B KyJ1Tll K'bM CB. 6paTlI KHPHJ1 H MeTO):lHH (C ornen CTeHOnaca B M'brJ1HlKKHlI MaHaCTHp .. CB. HHKOJ1aH 'IY):lOTBOpeU" - CTap03aropcxa enapxas). - J].YXOBHa KYJ1T., 1987. NQ 5. 26--33.

Mi.llaMeiJ. Kams. 3a HlIKOH openHOBeKOBHH norpe6aJIHH 06H'IaH B PO):lOnHTe. - 8: II MelKJlYHap. KOHrp. no 6bJ1rapHCTHKa, COcjlHlI, 1986 r. J].oKJ1a):lH. 6: IibJIrapcKHTe 3eMH B npesHOCTTa. IibJIrapHlI npes cpenaosexoBHeTO. C., 1987, 301-311.

MUA~eB.Amaliac. MaTepHaJIHaTa H AyxoBHaTa KYJ1TYpa B 6bJ1rapcKHTe 3eMH npes paaaoro cpeAHOBeKOBHe - VI-X B. - 8: II Me)l(.llYHap. KOHrp. no 6'bJ1rapHCTHKa, COcjlHlI. 1986 r. J].oKJ1a):lH. 6: Bsmapcxare 3eMH B npesHOCTTa. Bsnrapaa npes cpenaoaeeoBHeTO. C. 1987. 448--463.

Muuaeea, Oxcaua. K'bM TbJIKYBaHeTO aa cuenare no KaHH NQ 2 H 7 aa C'bKpOBHllleTO OT Hans cear MHK-' J1orn.- np06J1. H3KYCTBOTO. 1988, NQ 1.49-53.

MuxaitAoB. Cmaueu. 8 nJ1eH aa eAHa J1ereHAa HJ1H KaK e):lHH nHCaTeJ1. paspemaaa HaY'IHHlI B'bnpoc aa rpofia na JIeBcKH.-BeKoBe, 1988, NQ 2, 55-63.

8'bB apsaxa C pasxonxare na uspcaara .. CB. Ilerxa CaMapAlKHHcxa" B COcjlHlI npes 1956r.

MuxaitA06. Cmaueu, Teopeu P:HCUIli!OB. BbAO BbAOB U Buonema Iluuoea. PaHHocpeAHOBeKOBHOTO ce-' mnue npa ceJ10 CThpMeH. C. IiAH. 1982. 144 c. C HJ1.

Pen.: Petre Diaconu. - Istros, 5, 1987. p. 440.

Hasee, Beuuecnae. KTHTOP PaAHBoH.-J].apHTeJ1H, 1987, NQ 3, 25-27.

C'b3AaBaHe H CTeHonHCH aa U'bPKsara aa KpeMHKoBcKHlI MaHacTHp .. CB. Teopra" OT 1497 r.

Hennep, H. 8J1HlIHHe BH3aHTHHCKOH KYJ1bTYPLI B 3aTHccKoM xpae BeHrpHH H aonpocsi 60J1rapcKoro nocpennasecrsa. (HoBLIe AaHHble B CB1I3H C apXe0J10rH'IecKHMH HaXOAKaMH X-XIII BB.). - 8: CJ1aBlIHHTe - npafisnrapsrre=> 8H3aHTHlI. Ceren, 1986. 137-141.

Hennep, H60Jl M. 8J1HJlHHe BH- 3aHTHHcKOH KYJIbTYPbl B 3aTHccKoM xpae BeHfPHH H sonpocsr 60J1rapcKo-

70

PO nocpezmxsecraa, HOBLIe .naHHble B CBJl3H C apXeOJIOrH'IecKHMH HaXOAKaMH X-XIII BB. -Cupo6'bJ1rapHCTHKa. 1987, NQ 2, 41--45.

Hetueea, Buonema. Fpano-

YCTPOHCTBOTO aa MeJ1HHK npea KDCHOTO CpeAHoBeKoBHe (XV-XVII B.). - Texa, MHC'bJ1, 1987, NQ 3, 83-87.

Heuseea. BUOAema. J].YXOBHHlIT lKHBOT B MeJ1HHK npea XIII-XIV B. - 8: II MelK.nYHap. KOHrp. no 6'bJ1fapHCTHKa, Codias, 1986 r. J].oKJ1aAH. 6:

Bsnrapcrare 3eMH B npesaocrra. Ii'bJIFapHlI npes CpeAHOBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987, 501~514.

Q'bpKOBHaTa apxnrexrypa H

CTeHHa lKHBonHC.

HUKoAoBa. BilKa. Q'bPKOBHOTO cTpOHTeJ1CTBO B T'bPHOBO npa rrspBHTe AceHeBUH. - 8: II Me)l(.llyuap. KOHrp. no 6bJ1rapHCTHKa, COcjlHlI, 1986 r. J].oKJIaAH. 6: 1i'bJ1rapcKHTe 3eMH B ApeBHOCTTa. Bsnrapas npes cpeAHOBeKOBHeTO. C .• 1987,480--485.

Oeuapoe, PUMumbp. CJ1e):lH OT npafisnrapare B naHoHHlI. - 8: II MelKJlYHap. KOHrp. no 6bJ1rapHCTHKa, CocjIHlI, 1986 r. J].OKJ1a):lH. 6: Ii'bJIrapCKHTe 3eMH B ApeBHOCTTa. 1i'bJ1rapHlI npes cpenaoeesosaero. C., 1987, 236 -239.

OB~ap06. PUMUmbp. Taxa aape'IeHHlIT rp06 aa 8acHJ1 JIeBCKH - HCTHHH H 3a6J1Y):lH. - ApXe0J10rHJI, 1988, .NQ I, 1-7.

8'bB Bp'b3Ka C pasxormrre aa uspxsara .. CB. Ilerxa CaMapAlKHHCKa" B COcjlHlI npea 1956r.

Osuapoe, Huuonau, EcTeTHKOcjIHJ1OCOcjlcKH OCHOBH aa H306pa3HTeJ1- HOTO H3KYCTBO npes XIII-XV BeK. - 8: C60PHHK AOKJ1. OT III aan. KOHcjI. aa MJla):lHTe HCTOPHUH. nJ10B):lHB 1981 r. c., 1985, 13-17.

OB~ap06. ToiJop. MeTaJI'bT B 6HTa aa CJ1aBJlHHTe no 6'bJlfapcKHTe 3eMH (xpas aa VI-VIIIB.).-8: II MelKAYHap. KOHrp. no 6bJ1rapHCTHKa, COcjlHJI, 1986 r. J].oKJ1aAH. 6: 1i'bJ1rapcKHTe 3eMH B ApeBHOCTTa. 1i'bJ1rapHJI npes cpeAHOBeKOBHeTO. C, 1987,384-389.

llAJlK06. 3iJpaBKo. 06J1acTTa na Cpenaa CTPYMa npes XIII-XIV B. (Tlocenamea lKHBOT). - 8: II Me)l(.llYHap. KOHrp. no 6bJ1rapHCTHKa, COcjlHJI, 1986 r. J].OKJ1a):lH. 6: 1i'bJ1rapcKHTe 3eMH B npesaocrra. 1i'bJ1rapHli npes cpeaaoaesoaaero. C., 1987,332-335.'

no apXe0J10rH'IecKH H nHCMeHH ):laHHH.

llOAblBJlllllblit. pMumpuit. rOpOA B nOJIHTH'IecKOH MLICJ1H cpenaesexoBOH 1i0J1rapHH. - 8: II Me)l(.llYHap. KOHrp. no 6bJ1rapCTHKa, CocjIHJI, 1986 r. J].oKJIaAH. 6: li'bJlfapcKHTe 3eMH B ApeBHOCTTa. Bsnrapas npes cpeAHOBeKOBHeTo. C., 1987. 557-566.

Fpansr KaTO nOJ1HTH'IecKH H KYJ1TOB nearsp,

Ilonoe, Amanac. MaHaCTHp'bT .. 8eJIHKaTa Jlaspa" B T'bPHOBO H AceHeBUH. - 8: II Me)l(.llYHap. KOHrp. no 6bJ1rapHCTHKa. CocjIHJI, 1986i. J].oKJIa):lH. 6: li'bJlfapcKHTe 3eMH B npesHOCTTa. li'bJlfapHJI npes CpeAHOBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987, 486--500.

Patuee, Pmuo, J].YHaBCKa li'bJlfapHJI H QeHTpaJIHa A3HJI. - 8: II MelKAYHap. KOHrp. no 6'bJIrapHcTHKa. CocjIHlI, 1986 r. J].0KJ1a):lH.6: Ii'bJIFapcKHTe

3eMH B ApeBHOCTTa. IibJIrapHlI npes cpe):lHOBeKOBHeTo. C., 1987,205-210.

P0606. MUpKO. J].onbJIHHTeJ1HaTa YKpenHTeJ1Ha cHCTeMa aa cpenaoseKOBHHJI rpan T'bPHOBO. - 8: II MelKAYHap. KOHrp. no 6~J1rapHCTHKa, CocjIHlI 1986r. J].OKJI3.!lH. 6: IibJIrapcKHTe 3eMH B ApeBHOCTTa. IibJIrapHlI npea CpeAHOBeKOBHeTO. C .• 1987,474--479.

CpeiJlloBeKOBIIUJlm epao (jepBeli.

T. I. QHTa):leJ1aTa aa rpana, C, IiAH, 1985. 290 c.

ABT.: C Feopmesa, 8. J].HMoBa, J].. HBaHOB 8. Hemesa HAp.

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Tooopoea, Esucaeema. CpeAHOBeKOBHr.. IibJIrapHlI H xopafionnaaaHeTO. - 8: II Me)l(.llyuap. KOHrp. no 6'bJ1rapHCTHKa, COcjlHJI, 1986 r. J].oKJ1aAH. 6: IibJIrapcKHTe 3eMH B npeeHOCTTa. IibJIrapHJI npea cpeAHOBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987, 605-613.

no HCTOPH'IecKH H apXeOJIOrH'IeCKH AaHHH (rpacjlHTH C Kopa6HH H306palKeHHJI).

Tomee, Tomio. POAOB MaHaCTHp aa BJ1a):leTeJ1HTe B Flpecnaa, - CTap06bJ1r. J1HT., 1987, NQ 20, 120--128.

TYAewK06. HUKOA~it. ApxHTeKrypa aa 6'bJ1rapcKHTe MaHaCTHpH. [H3CJ1eABaHe). C, TexHHKa, 1988. 196 c. C 'IepT., HJ1., 6 J1. UB. HJ1.

f/>Aep06. B. c. 8TOPall MelKAY. HapO):lHali KOHcPepeHUHJI .. npa60J1- rapsr B 8OCTO'lHOH H QeHTpaJIbHOH Eapone B VI-XBB .", WYMeH. 21-25 X. 1986r.-CA, 1988, .NQ 2, 300- 304.

f/>AopeBa. Enena. CpeAHOBeKOBHH CTeHonHcH-8YKOBO 1598. MOHOrp. C .• 1i'bJlf. XYAOlKHHK. 1987. 172 c. C HJ1.

XapaAaM6ueBa. Anna. HOBOOTKpHTH Kp'bCTOBe-eHICOJ1nHoHH. - BeKOBe, 1987, NQ 2, 72-74.

OT PaBHa H npoB3J\HJI. Xepuan, hoaxUM. ApXeOJIOrH'IeCKHJIT rpan .HTpYc H paaaara HCTOpHJI aa IibJIrapHlI. - 8: II MelKJlYHap. KOHrp. no 6'bJlfapHCTHKa, COcjlHJI, 1986 r. J].0KJ1a):lH. 6: li'bJlfapcKHTe 3eMH B ApeBHOCTTa. li'bJlfapHJI npes CpeAHOBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987, 189--199.

lllepeea, HpuHa. K'bM npoysaaHeTO aa nocenaumas lKHBOT B IOroH3TO'lHa IibJIrapHJI npes KDCHaTa asTH'IHOCT H paHHOTO CpeAHOBeKOBHe.- 8: II MelKJlYHap. KOHrp. no 6'bJlfapHCTHKa, COcjlHlI, 1986r. J].OKJ1a):lH. 6: li'bJ1fapcKHTe 3eMH B .IlpeBHOCTTa. 1i'bJ1rapHlI npes CpeAHOBeKOBHeTo. C .• 1987, 368-372.

BK06cOH. A. !T. 1i0JIfapHJI. - 8:

A. JI. .HICo6coH. 3aKoHoMepHocTH B pa3BHTHH cpeAHeBeKOBOH apXHTeKTYpbl IX-XV BB. 8H3aHTHJI, Fpenas, IOlKHOCJIaBlIHCKHe CTpaHbI, Pycs, 3aKaBKa3be. JIeHHHrpa):l, 1987, 102- 125 .

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H YMH3Ma THKa ,l(UMump06, KaMeH. EJIHHHCTH'1ecICO MOHeTHO essposmne OT HH- 1C0nOJIHC an HeCTYM (IGCH 829). ~ ApXeOJIOrHII, 1988, N! 1, 44-56.

,l(uMump06, KaMeH. Hl06pallCeHHII aa TPalCHiiclCH BJIa,lleTeJIH OT .noeJIHHHCTH'IeclCaTa enoxa. - B: II MellC.nYHap. 1C0Hrp. no 6'bJIrapHCTHlCa, CoIPHli/1986r. AOICJIa,llH. 6: Ii'bJIrapCKHTe leMH a .npeBHOCTTa. li'bJIrapHli npes cpenaoaexoaaero. C., 1987, 83-105.

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Hznamoe, Becenun. K'bM HCTOpasra aa KapBYHcICaTa cpensoseKOBHa 06JIaCT (XIII-XIV BeIC).A06py.nllCa, 4, 1987. 19-28.

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II MellC.nYHap. 1C0Hrp. no 6'bJIrapHCTHxa, COIPHII. 1986r. AOICJIa)lH. 6: 1i'bJIrapcxare leMH B npeeaocrra, Ii'bJIrapHil npes cpemrosexoeaero. c., 1987, 668---677.

Jlauee, MumKO. no nOBO.n aa enaa ny6JIHKallHlI. - 8eKOBe, 1987, N! 5, 85-88.

CTaTHliTa aa Teonopa Kosaxeaa "KOJIeKTHBHH MOHeTHH HaxO,llKH OT nepaona aa OCMaHCKOTO aJIa,llH'IecTao a nJIeaeHclCo".-HlB. MYleHTe Ceaeposan. Ii'bJIrapHlI, 11. 1986.

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22-23. '

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OT Teop. ICOHIP., anpan 1987. C., CTOJIH'lHa ,llHp. KYJIT.-HCT. HaCJIe.nCTBO, CTOJIH'IHO HYMH3M . .n-BO r. C. PalCoBCICH, 1987. 88 c.

Xapumouoe, Xpucmo. CHMBOJIH Ha BeJIH'IHe H TBOp6H Ha HllCYCTBOTO [Cpe,llHOBeKOBHH 6'bJIrapcKH nesara], - Ponomofiae, 1987, ]II!! 9, 43---44.

Xpucmoe, EMaHYUA. C'bKpoBHIlle OT PHMCKH MOHeTH OT c. Foneur, CHJIHCTpeHCKH oKp'br. - A06py.nllCa, 4, 1987, 87-92, 3 JI. npHJI.

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Second Part of the 3rd and 4th Centuries in the Light of Coin Finds.- Wiadomosci numizm., 29._ 1985. No 1-2, 33---44.

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Ii'bJIrapcICHTe leMH a .npeBHOCTTa. Ii'bJIrapHII npes Cpe,llHOBeKOBHeTO. C., 1987, 437---447.

Dimitrov, Kamen. Images of Thracian Rulers of the Pre-Hellenistic Epoch. - Bulg, histor. rev., 1988, No: 1, 56-59.

Jordanov, Ivan. Sredniowieczne panstwo bulgarskie (VII-XIVw.) w swetle danych numizmatycznych i sfragistycznych. - In: BulgariaBalkany - Siowianszczyzna. Poznan, 1985, 19-31.

EnHrpacpHKa

AHdpee6, HopdaH. Enaa HeH3- BeCTHa BJIaWKa npaaneca B nsopa aa uap HBaH AJIeICCaH)l'bp. - B: II MellCnyaap, KOHrp. no 6'bJIrapHCTH,ca, CoIPHlI, 198-6 r. AOKJIa,llH. 6: BsnrapcxaTe leMH B npesaocrra. li'bJIrapHli npea cpennosexosaero. c, 1987,638---650.

Ha.nrpo6HHlIT Ha.nDHC OT mpICBaTa "Ca. xerapaaecer M'b'leHHIlH" a Tspaoso.

BeAK06, B. IX MelK.llYHapo.neH KOHrpec no rp'bUKa H JIaTHHCKa eOHrpaIPHIC3. - ApXeOJIOrHlI, 1988, ]II!! 1. 68---69.

OT 31 asrycr .no 7 cerrrexrspa 1987r. B COIPHli.

Fepacuuoea- TOM06a, BaCUAKa.

Ha.nDHCHTe KaTO HlBOP sa ICYJITypaTa aa MHlHlI H Tpaxaa (I-III B.). - B:

II MellCJlYHap. 1C0Hrp. no 6'bJIrapHCTHKa, COIPHlI, 1986r. AOKJIa)lH. 6:

Bsnrapcsare leMH B .npeBHOCTTa. Ii'bJIrapHII npea cpenaoaesoaaero, C., 1987, 106-115.

Ilanoe, Xpucmo M. HOBH crpaHHllH OT acropasra aa Cl>HJIHnOnOJI H npesaa TpaKHII npes K'bCHaTa aHTH'IHOCT. - B: II MelK.llYHap. KOHrp. no 6'bJIrapHCTHKa, C., 1986 r. AOICJIa)lH. 6: Bsnrapcsare leMH B .npeBHOCTTa. Ii'bJIrapHII npes cpe.nHOBeKOBHeTO. c., 1987r. 169-176.

no enHrpa4lcICH .naHHH. JIe6UHcKaR, H. A .. Erne pal 0 nHpOTCKOH Ha.nnHCH. -B: Ilpofinesesr aHTH'IHOrO HCTO'lHHICOBe.neHHII. C6. Hay'l. Tp. M.-JI. 1986, 88-95.

Mesaue», AHdpeil. AM4loPHH ne'laTH OT rOJIeMHJI OCTpoB H "HHBaTa" Kpaii ceJIO AypaHKYJIaK, TOJI6YXHHClCH oxpsr, -.n.06pY)lllCa, 4. 1987, 83-86, ' 5 JI. npHJI.

MU'le6, Muxaun. Ilpanacsa aa rpaMaTHUH OT BJIaWKO ceJIO.OICOJI'IHUa, 1987, 119-131.

3a pa3'1HTaHe aa CKaJIHHTe nannHCH OT XVIII B.

TodOP06, H6aH. KOTHcIII (183-

166r. np. H. e.).-B: II MelIC.nyHap.' KOHrp. no 6'bJIrapHCTHKa, COIPHlI, 1986 r. AOICJIa,llH. 6: Bsnrapcsare leMH B .npeBHOCTTa. li'bJIrapHli npes cpenaoeexoaaero. C., 1987r. 116- 'p2.

. no nHCMeHH H enHrpa4lcICH .naH-

HH.

XadJICue6, Kocma. HUOH npo- 6JIeMH B T'bJIICYBaHeTO na Ha,nnHCHTerpaIPHTH. - B: II MellCJlYHap. 1C0Hrp. no 6'bJIrapHCTHKa, Co4IHlI, 1986r. AoICJIa,llH. 6: Ii'bJIrapCICHTe leMH a .llpeBHOCTTa. li'bJIrapHli npes cpeaaosesoBHeTO. C., 1987. 663---667.

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Inscriptions byzantines de Thrace (VIII-XV siecles), Edition et commentaire historique. - Arhailogikon Deltion, 35, 1980 (1986), 241-282, pI. 58-78.

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Strobel, Karl. Untersuchungen zu den Dakerkriegen Trajans. Studien zur Geschichte des mittleren und unteren Donauraumes in der Hohen Kaiserzeit. Bonn, 1984.284 p., 3 tabl. (Antiquitas. Reihe I, Bd. 33).

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'Tryjarski, Edward. Methodology and Prospects of the Study of Protobulgarian Tamgas. - B: II MelIC.nyHap. KOHrp. no 6'bJIrapHCTHKa. C., 1986r. AOICJIa)lH. 6: li'bJIrapcKHTe leMH B .npeBHOCTTa. Ii'bJIrapHli npea cpenaoBeICOBHeTO. C., 1987, 651---662.

MY3eiiHO zre no H KOHcepBa:U;HJI

AAeKCaHdp06, EMUA. Hece-

6ap-rpa.n MY3ej.-IiyrapcKa y aarpannsa, 1987, ]II!! 3, c. 15.

BAaduK06a, EAeHa. OT .npeBHOCT'ra .no HaWH ,llHH. - Ii'bJIr .-CbB. .nPYlK6a, 1987, N! 8, 14-15.

Csanasane eICCD03HUHl1Ta aa Hall. apxeonorasecm MY3eH B CoIPHli.

FeH06a, HoxaHHa. npo6JIeMH aa MY3eHHaTa nenaroruea. Hl OOHTa aa eKClCyplOBO,llHaTa .neiiHOCT aa Ha- 1lH0HaJIHHlI HCTOPH'leclCH MyleR C Y'leHHIlH OT V lCJIac aa ECny.HCTOp. H 06IlleCTBOlH., 1987, N! 2. 3~3.

HaiideH06a, &p6UHKa. H3JIollC6a ..3JIaTOTO Ha Pauaapaa". - HlKYCTBO, 1988, N! 4, 34-38.

n060pHUlCotl. Tooop, Ilpasea pelICHM aa naMeTIIIIIlIITe aa KYJITypaTa B Haponaa peny6JJ1Ka Ii'bJIrapHli. C., HaYKa H H3ICYCTBO, 1982. 292 c.

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CT. nETPOBA

71

Cb.ll:bP)I{AHME

ifoaxuM Xep uan, Muxaen Benoen, Buonema Hetueea - ApXeOJIOrlfqeCKIf npoysaaaaa B Kapacypa Hea« Mapa306- "O.llPIfCKlfliT nsn" B Por03eHCKOTO

CbKpOBHlne I , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12

MA TEPI1AJUf I1 CbOEW.EHlUI

Kocmaouu KUCb06 - rp06HIf HaXO.llKIf OT 3eMJIIf-

utero aa C. RrO.llIfHa B l.I,eHTpaJIHIfTe Ponona 23

Teopeu AJleKCaIlOp06-0Pb.ll1f1i na rpyna If npenjaera

aa 6lfTa OT MOHTaHa / " 28

MUpKO P0606- ,lJ.onbJIHIfTeJIHa yxpemrrenaa CIfCTe-

Ma Ha Cpe.llHOBeKOBHIfJl rpa.ll TbPHOBO 38

HUKOJlau Mapxoe=: Enaa MaJIKO n03HaT 1f3BOP aa qlfnpOBCKlfli MeTaJIO.ll06IfB npe3 KbCHOTO OCMaHCKO

Cpe.llHOBeKOBlfe / '. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. 45

KPI1TI1KA I1 PEl.I,EH31111

Xenpuema Tooopo6a-EplfHa OTO. Yjcpaceuara xepaxnrxa aa xyrrrypare CCCKJIO If ,lJ.IfMIfHIf B Tecanas, MaHHU 1985. 180 C., 59 Ta6JIlfUif .. . .. 52

Pyueu if6allo6-Anna et Jaro Sase!. INSCRIPTIONS LA TlNAE, quae in Jugoslavia inter annos MCMII et MCMXL repertae et editae sunt.-SITULA, t. 25, Ljubliana, 1986. 533 p. et 1 tabula 53

IlPErJIE,lJ.

XXXIII HaUIfOHaJIHa apxeonoraxecxa KOH<j>epeHUHlI

B Enaroesrpan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 54

B. Haaoeuoe-« Y MelK.llYHap0.lleH CHMn03YHM no .llpeBHaTa IfCTOPlfli Ha qepHoMopHeTo'" . . . . .. 55 )/(. AJlaO.JIC06 - EbJIrapo-YHrapcKa cpeiua no asnpo- .

CHTe Ha paHHOCpe.llHOBeKOBHaTa apXeOJIOrHlI no ,lJ.o.lIeH If Cpenea ,lJ.YHaB '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57

M. Pexo-113JIOlK6a aa 3JIaTHH HaKHTH OT OnJIOHTHC

B KaCTeJI CaHT AH.lllKeJIO B PHM. . . . . . . . . . . .. 58 if. AJleKCue6--lATaHac I1BaHoB IlonoBJ (1925-1987) 59 fl. HUII06-B naxser ua nporp, Crerpaa AJI. I1Ba-

HOB (1908-1987) 61

fl. CJla6'le6-B naxrer aa HHKoJIa AHreJIOB (1912-

1988). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..• 62

P. Pauiee -J,lJ.HMIfTbP I1JIlfeB ,lJ.HMHTpoBI (J'J:t/-

1988), -.. . . . . .. 64

Tausumenu oucepmauuu ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 65

KIIU20nuc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 67

TABLE DES MA TIERES

Joachim Hermann, Mich;el Wendel, Violeta

NeIeva-Etudes archeologiques a Karassoura·· 11

Ivan M arazov - La part des Odryses dans Ie tresor de Rogozen I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22

MATERIAUX ET COMUNICATIONS

Kostadin Kisjov- Trouvailies sepulcrales du terroir du village Jagodina, dans les Rhodopes du centre'·. 27 Georgi Aleksandrov- Outils de travail et objets de la

vie de Montana I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 38 Mirko Robov-Systeme de fortification compiemen-' taire de la ville medievale de Tarnovo i- • • . . • .• .44 Nikolaj Markov- Une source peu connue concernant

la production metallurgique de Ciprovci pendant

Ie Haut Moyen age ottoman j • . • • . • . . . . . . . .. 51

CRITIQUE ET OUYRAGES RECENSES

Henrieta Todorova-EpHHa OTO. Yxpaceaara xepaxraxa na KYJITypHTe CeCKJIO H ,lJ.HMIfHH B TeCaJIHlI. MaHHU 1985. 180 c., 59 Ta6JIHUH .... 52

Rumen Ivanov-Anna et Jaro Sase!. INSCRIPTION LA TINES, quae in Jugoslavia intor annos MCMII et MCMXL repertae et editae sunt.-SITULA, t. 25, Ljubliana, 1986. 533p. et I tabula 53

REYUE

XXXIIIe Conference archeologique nationale a Blagoevgrad /. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 54

V. ,N~jde_nova----: ye Symposium international sur

I histoire antique du littoral de la Mer Noire .. 55 G. Alad~ov-Re~nion bulgaro-hongroise sur les problemes de I archeologie du Haut Moyen age le

long du Danub~ inferieur et moyen.. . . . . . . . .. 57

M. Reho-ExpoSItlOn de parures d'or de Oplontis a Castel San I Angelo a Rome.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 58

J. Alexiev--iAtanas Ivanov Popovl (1925-1987). .. 59

L. Ninov-En rnemoire du prof. Stefan AI. Ivanov (1908-1987). '.' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61

P. Sluvcev-En memoire de Nikola Angelov (1912-

1988) '.' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62

R . Rachev-jDIlTIitar Iliev DilTlitrov!c1927-1988) .. 64 Dissertations soutenus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 65 Bibliographie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 67

rO,[{I1IIIHO Cb,[{bP)KAHI1E

CTATMM

BMe6, l1embp-AHaJIH3 na HIiKOH rpa$H'IHH H CHHMKOBH MaTepHaJlH aa rpof 95 B Q'bp~BaT~. "CB. Flapacxeaa Casiap-

,llJKHHCKa B CO$HII .

JIeU/aK06, KpaCUMUp - OCHOBim KJlaCH$HKaUHOHHH npHHUHnH 3a KepaMHKaTa OT paHHaTa H Cpe,llHaTa 6pOH30Ba enoxa B

TpaKHII .

Mapa306, H6aH-"O,llpHCKHIIT nan" B Poro-

3eHCKOTO C'bKpOBHlIle . .' .

06'lap06, ,l(uMumbp - Taxa Hape'leHHIIT rpof aa Bacan JIeBcKH - HCTHHH H

3a6JlY,llH .

06'lap06, HUKoAau, Tomeea, l1empaHaK'bM B'bnpOCa aa CKaJIHaTa CpeJlHOBH3aH-

THifcKa JKHBOnHC XI-XII B .

Opauee Amauac, Opaueea H6aHKa-PeKoHCTpyKUHII aa KaMeHHH H OJlOBHH KOTBH OT

IIIa6JleHcKaTa MY3eHHa c6HpKa .

Ilauauomoe H6aH, Anexcauopoe CmerfiaH- 3a xyrrrypara Marypa-Kouorpeaa no

6'bJlrapcKHTe 3eMH .

Pyceea, bOp.RHa-npHHOC K'bM uapxynaUHIITa na Cpe6'bPHH MOHeTH B TpaKHII

npe3 eJlHHHCTH'IecKaTa enoxa .

Xepuas DoaxuM, Beuoen Muxaen, Heuieea Buonema - ApXeOJlOrH'IeCKH npoy'lBa-

HHII B Kapacypa .

MA TEPMAJIM M Cb06I1(EHMR

A nexcanopoe , Feop2U-OP'b,llHII aa rpyzia H

npenseera aa 6HTa OT MOHTaHa .

bOpUC06, bOpUC Il. - CTapoxpHCTHIIHcKHTe 6a3HJlHKH (IY-YI B.) Kpaii C. KapaHOBO,

6ypracKa 06JlaCT .

BMe6, l1embp-ApxeoaCTpOHOMH'IeCKO H3- cnenaane sa CJl'bH'IeB 'IaCOBHHK OT paao-

Ha Ha Cepnaxa .

Fem06, JIIOOMUA - PaHHH PO,llOCKH ne'laTH

OT Ka6HJle .

Fop6aH06, Ilemsp, KbH'le6a Tam.RHa-6pOH- 30BH $HrYPKH aa KOHHHUH H KOH'IeTa OT

paaoaa na HOBa 3aropa .

,l(:JKaM606, H6aH - PHCYHKH-rpa$HTH OT cpenaoaexoaaara uspxaa B KpenOCTTa

AHeBCKO KaJle .

Ilocopoocemu, Ilapuo - C'bKpOBHlIle OT 3JlaTHH HaKHTH H cpefispna npenssera OT

PaUHapHIi .

Iluuumpoe, KaMeH- EJlHHHCTH'IeCKO MOHeTHO C'bKpOBHlIle OT HHKOnOJlHC an

HeCTYM (IGCH 829). . .

,l(uMumpo6 KaMeH, Iluuumpoea-Hyounoea CeCUAU.R - K'bCHOaHTH'IHH H cpenaoseKOBHH MOHeTH OT uexponorra xpaa c.

Cxpaseaa, Co$HHcKa 06JlaCT .

,l(peMcu306a-HeA'lUH06a, Lleemana - K'bC-

HOaHTH'IeH HeKpOnOJl KpaH rpa,ll

K'bP,llJKaJIH .

H6aHo6, TeorfiuA-3a narara aa CTpOHTeJlHHII TYXJleH H.a,qnHC OT "MoMHHa 6aHII" B

~HOKJleUHaHOnOJl .

KUCb06, KocmaouH-rp06HH HaXO,llKH OT 3eMJlHlIleTO aa c. RrO,llHHa B Ilearpan-

HHTe PO,llOnH .

Mapxoe, HUKOAau-E,llHH MaJlKO n03HaT H3BOP sa 'IHnpOBCKHII MeTaJIO,ll06HB npea

K'bCHOTO OCMaHCKO BJla,llH'IeCTBO .

HUKOA06 H., JAame6 CA., Baceneea K.ACTpOHOMH'IecKHIIT CMHC'bJl aa TpaKHH-

CKHII naMeTHHK TaTYJl .

Pauiee, Paiao - PaHHocpe,llHOBeKOBHH ,llBOH-

HH ne'laT'IeTa-aMyJleTH .

P0606, MUPKO - ,non'bJlHHTeJlHa yKpenH'renna CHCTeMa aa cpe,llHOBeKOBHHII rpan

T'bPHOBO .

Cmanueea, Ma20aAUHa-CJl'bH'IeB 'IaCOBHHK

OT OKOJlHOCTTa Ha Cep,llHKa .

CmOU'le6, Tooop- TpaKHHCKO CKaJIHO CBeTHJlHlIle npa c. liaHJlOBO, CB'bp3aHO C KyJlT

K'bM JIYHaTa , , , .

KH.

3 4

3

2

2

4

4

3

2 3

3

2

3

4

4

2 2

4 2

2

SOMMAIRE DE L'ANNEE

C.

ARTICLES

Valev, Petiir- Analyse de certains materiaux graphiques et photographiques du tombeau 95 dans l'eglise ,,sveta Paraske-

va Samardzijska" a Sofia .

Lestakov, Krasimir- Principes fondamentaux de classification pour lit ceramique de l'age du bronze tardif et moyen en

Thrace .

Marazov, Ivan-"La part des Odryses" dans

Ie tresor de Rogozen .

o vcaro v, Dimi'tiir- L'ainsi dit tombeu de

Yasil Levski - verites et erreurs .

Ovcarov Nikolaj, Toteva Petrana-Contribution au probleme de la peinture byzantine moyene rupestre XIe-XIIe ..... _ ..

Oracev Atanas, Oraceva /vanka- Recon-' struction d'ancres ancienns en pierre et en plomb de la collection du Musee de Sabla

7

12

13

18

15

Panajotov Ivan, Aleksandrov Stefan - La culture Magoura-Kotzofeni :., 'dans les

terres bulgares _ ;', .

Rouseva, Borjana-Contributin a la circulation de monnais d'argent en Thrace

pendant l'epoque hellenistique .

Hermann Joachim, Wendel Michael, Neseva Violeta - Etudes archeologiques a Karas-

sura .

28

MATERIAUX ET COMMUNICATIONS Aleksandrov, Georgi-OutHs de travail et

objets de la vie de Montana .

Borisov, Boris D. - Les basliques paleochretiennes (lye-YIe s.) pres du village Kara-

novo, region de Burgas .

V 'alev, "Petar - Etude archeoastronomique de cadran solaire de la region de Serdica Getov, Ljudmil- Sceaux d'eponymes rho-

diens anciens de Cabile .

Gorbanov Petar, Kantieva Tatjana- Figurines en bronze de cavalies et de poulains

du departernent de Nova Zagora .

Dzambov, Ivan- Dessins-graffiti de l'eglise medievale dans la forteresse Anevsko ka-

Ie .

Giordgetti, Dario- Tresor de parures d'or et

d'objects d'argent de Ratiaria .

Dimitrov, Kamen- Tresor monetaire "helle-

nistique de Nicopolis ad Nestum

(IGCH 829)

Dimitrov Kamen, Dimitrova-Choudilova Sesilia- Monnaies de la Basse antiquite et medievales de la necropole pres du village Skravena, departement de Sofia

Dremstzova-Netcinova, Cvetana- Necropole .de la Basse antiquite pres de la ville de

Kardzali .

Ivanov, Theophil- Au sujet de la date de I'inscription de construction en briques de "Momina banja" a Diocletianopolis ....

Kisjov, Kostadin- Trouvailles sepulcrales du terroir du village Jagodina dans les Pho-

dopes du centre .

Markov, Nikolaj- Une source peu connue concernant la production metallurgiQ.ue de Ciprovci pendant Ie Haut Moyen age

ottoman .

Nikolov N., Zlatev S/., Vasslleva K. - Le sens astronomique du monument thrace Ta-

tul .

Rachev, Racho- Petits secaux doubles-amu-

lettes du Eas Moyen age .

Robov, M irko - Systeme de fortification cornplementaire de la ville medievale de

Tarnovo , .

Stanceva, Magdalina-Cardan solaire des

environs de Serdika .

Stoycev, Todor- Le sanctuaire rupestre thrace pres du village Bajlovo, lie au culte

envers la Lune .

38

42 22

30

57

30

44

51 36

27

23

45

28 57

38 39

32

t.

p.

17

3 4

13 22 7

3

21

29

2

15

2

27

4

II

4

38

3 2 3

46 50 26

36

3

62 38

56

2

57

43

3

29

4

27

4

51

2 2

32 61

4 2

44 42

2

38

X aJlWC06, AA!ppeO - PYHH'IecKHTe 3HaUH H aanrmca OT Bonxxa DDJlrapHJI H TeXHHTe

,llYHaBCKH napan~nH .

KPI1HfKA 11 PEI.J.EH31111

AAeKCUe6, HOpOaH-Cpe,llHOBeKOBHHJIT 4epBeH. T. I. Ilaranenara aa rpana, c.,

DAH, 1985. 290c .

&Jle6a, IOAuR-,AHMHT1>P n. ,AHMHTPOB, MapHJI 4H'IHKOBa. KOCHOaHTH'IHaTa rpofinaua npa CHnHCTpa. C., D1>nrapcKH XY,llOlKHHK, 1986. 120c., 20 UBeTHH, 49 xepno-fiena HmoCTpaUHH, 8

rpaq,H'IHH cxeMH H 'IepTelKH .

H6aHo6, PYMeH-Karl Strobel. Untersuchungen zu den Dakerkriegen Trajans. Studien zur Geschichte des mittleren und unteren Donauraumes in der Hohen Kaiserzeit (ANTIQUITAS Reihe I, Band 33). Bonn, 1984. 284p., 3 tab ....

H6aHo6, Py:WeH-Anna et J~ro·.Sasel.

INSCRIPTION LATINAE, quae in Jugoslavia inter annos MCMII et MCMXL repertae et editae sunt. - SITULA t. 25 Ljubliana, 1986. 533 p. et I tabuia: ... :

Pausee, PaUlo-J1.. J1.HMHTpOB. Ilpafn,nrapare no cesepnoro H sananaoro 4epHOMopHe. (K1>M B1>npOCa aa TIIXHOTO npHCDCTBHe H HCTOPHII B ,llHeWHHTe PYCKH 3eMH H ponara HM npa 06pa3YBaHeTo na 61>nrapCKaTa rrspacasa). B., "ToJlop Ba-

KanOB", 1987. 302c. C Hn .

Tooopoea, XeHpuema-DpHHa OTO. YKpaceaara KepaMHKa aa xyrrrypare Cecxno H ,AHMHHH B Tecanas. Maaau 1985.

180c., 59 Ta6nHuH , .

nPErJIE,A

A naaoco« , )/(U6KO - D1>nrapo-YHrapcKa cpelila no B1>npOCIITe na panaocpennoseKOBHaTa apxeonoras no ,AoneH II Cpenea

,AYHaB , .

A JleKCUe6 , HopoaH-ATaHac I1BaHoB Tlonoa

(1925-1987) .. , , .

BeJlK06, Be nusap - IX MelK,llYHapOJleH KOHrpec no rpuuxa II naTHHCKa ernrrpadmxa Bb:JICap06a; )/(u6Ka-AMepHKaHcKH y'!eH-

rOCT Ha D1>nrapHII .

Bs aeea, IOJlUR- neTH MelK,llYHapO,lleH KO-

nOKBHYM no aHTII'!HH M03aiiKII .

KY3MaHo6, Feopeu - Flpotpecop Benasap

BenKoB Ha 60 rO,llHHH .

MUJI'Ie6a-,auMump06a, Anexcanopa=: BzrsxHOBeH 113Cne,llOBaTen Ha AHTH'IHaTa ap-

xeOnOrHJI B D1>nrapHJI .

Haaoeuoea, Bbp6uHKa-"V MelK,llYHapO,lleH cHMn03HYM no npesaara HCTOpHIi aa

4epHoMopHeTo .

HUH06, JIa3ap-B rtasser aa npod» Crepaa

An. I1BaHoB (1908-1987) .

Pausee, PaUlo-,AHMHTDP Hnaes ,AIIMIITPOB

(1927-1988) - .

Pexo, MapUR-BH,llHa aranaaacxa Y'IeHa B

Bsnrapas .

Pexo, MapuR-113nolK6a aa 3naTHH HaKHTH OT Onnoarac B Kacren CaHT Aaaxeno B

PIIM .

CAa6'1e6, llembp-B rrasser aa HIIKona

Aarenoa (1912-1988) .

XXXII HaUIIOHanHa KOHq,epeHUHJI no ap-

xeOnOrHJI B Paarpazt .

XXXIII HaUHOHanHa apxeonoraxecsa KOH-

q,epeHUIIJI B Bnaroesrpan .

3aujumeHu oucepmauuu . .- , .

Smqumenu oucepmauuu .

3alqumeHu oucepmauuu , .

KHHrOnHC

Ilempoea, CmoRHKa .

Ilempoea, CmoRHKa , .

Ilempoea, CmoRHKa , .

Ilempoea, CmoRHKa , , .

KH. C.

3 47

3 54

4 53

2 62

4 52

4 4

3 2 2

3

4 4 4 3

4 4

4 2 3 4

I 2 3 4

65

Halikov, Alfred-Signes et inscriptions runiques de la Bulgarie de la Volga et leurs

paralleles danubiens .

CRITIQUES ET OUVRAGES RECENSES Aleksiev, Jordan-Cpe,llHOBeKOBHHIIT 4epBeH. T. I. Llnrancnara aa rpazia. C.,

6AH, 1985. 290c , , .

Valeva, Julia - ,AHMIIT1>P n. ,AIIMIITPOB, Ma p n s 411'!HKoBa. K1>CHOaHTH'!Ha rp06HIIua npa Canacrpa. C, 61>nrapCKII XY,llOlKHIIK, 1986. 120c., 20 UBeTHlI, 49 xepao-Scrm IImocTpaUIIII, 8

rpaq,II'!HII cxeMII II '!epTelKII .

Ivanov, Rumen-Karl Strobel. Untersuchungen zu den Dakerkriegen Trajans. Studien zur Geschichte des mittleren und unteren Donauraumes in der Hohen Kaiserzeit. (ANTIQUITAS Reihe 9, Band 33). Bonn, 1984. 284p., 3 tab ....

Ivanov, Rumen-Anna et Jaro Sasel.

INSCRIPTION LATINAE, quae in Jugoslavia intor annos MCMII et MCMXL repertae et editae suint. - SITU LA, t. 25,

Ljubliana, 1986. 533 p. et I tab ,

Rachev, Racho-iJ.. ,AIIMHTpOB. npa- 6bnrapIITe no ccaepnoro II sanannoro 4epHoMopHe. (K1>M B1>npOCa aa TIIXHOTO npIIC1>CTBlle II IICTOP"1l B JlHeWHIITe PYCKII 3eMII II porrara 11M npa 06pa3YBaHeTO aa 61>nrapCKaTa Jl1>plKaBa). B., "ToJlop Ba-

xanos", 1987. 302 c. C an .

Todorova, Henrieta-6pIIHa OTO. Yxpacenara xepasraxa aa xyrrrypare Cecxno II ,AIIMHHH B Tecanas. Matinu, 1985. 180c.,

59 Ta6nIlUII., , : .

63

57 59 68 60 64 65

REVUE

Aladiov, Givko- Reunion bulgaro-hongroise sur les problernes de l'archeologie du Haut Moyen age Ie long du -Danube inferieure

A'e~}e~%erd~~~'At~~a's' . Jvanov: . Popov

(1925-1987) /' .

Velkov, Velizar-Ixe congres international

d'epigraphie grecque et latine .

Vaiarova. Zivka- Savant americain, hote

de la Bulgarie .

Vii/eva, Julia-Cinquieme colloque inter-

national de mosaiques antiques .

Kouzmanov, Georgi-Professor Velizar Vel-

kov a 60 ans .

Milceva-Dimitrova. Aleksandra - Chercheur inspire de l'archeologie antique en Bulga-

rIe , .

Najdenova, Viirbinka- ve Symposium international sur I'histoire antique du littoral

de la Mer Noire .

Ninov, Lazar- En Mernoire du prof. Stefan

AI. Ivanov (1908-1987) .

Rachev, Racho - Dimitar I1iev Dimitrov

(1927-1988) .

Reho, Maria-Savante eminente italienne en

Bulgarie .

Reho, Maria- Exposition de parures d'or de Oplontis a Castel Sant Angelo a Rome Slavcev, Petiir-En memoire de Nikola

Angelov (1912-1988) .

XXX lie conference nationale d'archeologie a

Razgrad .

XXXI lIe Conference archeologique nationale

a Blagoevgrad .

Dissertations soutenus .

Dissertations soutenus .

Dissertations soutenus .

58

55 61 64 60

58 62 69 54 67 61 65

70 68 62 67

Bibliographie Petrova, Stojanka Petrova, Stojanka Petrova, Stojanka Petorva Stojanka

t.

P 53

3

65

3

54

63

4

53

2

62

4

52

4 4

57 59 68 60 64 65

3 2 2

3

58

4 4 4 3 4 4

55

61

64 60 58 62 69 54 67 61 65

4 2 3 4

I 2 3 4

70 68 62 67

PE!{AKl{HOHHA KOJIErHJI

AKao. !{HMHTbP AHrEJIOB (2Aa6eH peoaxmop ), npodi. BEJIH3AP BEJIKOB (sas«. 2A. peoaxmop ), cm.u.c. I em. AJIEKCAH!{PA MHJIlIEBA (cespemap ), 001/. JIIO!{MHJI rETOB, cm.u.c. PYMEH KATHHlIAPOB, cm.u.c. I em. HBAH MAPA30B, cm.u.c. !{HMHTbP OBlIAPOB, npo(/J. nETbP nETPOB, cm.u.c. I em. XEHPHETA TO!{OPOBA, cm.u.c MAPHJI lIHlIHKOBA, cm.u.c. I em. HOP!{AHKA IOPYKOBA

Anpec aa penaxnaara

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ISSN 03l4-1103

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