Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
over ATM
1
Clarence Filsfils
cfilsfil@cisco.com
Tech. Consulting - EMEA
2
Agenda
ATM Backbone:
ATMF/ITU-T Qos mechanisms
IP Layer: Diff-Serv • Per Connection Qos
Mechanisms • Very strict Qos
• Connectionless Per packet • Traffic classes:
precedence (DS-byte) indicating CBR, VBR, VBR-RT, UBR, ABR
“priority” for each packet
• Traffic Parameters:
• limited number of COSs
PCR, MCR, SCR,..
Clarence Filsfils - atm-mpls-cos Cisco Systems Confidential 4
IOS “IP ATM COS”: Principles
• Router’s traffic • The ATM service
must be compliant contracted must be
with respect to provided! (at least, loss
ATM service less!)
contracted
VC1
VC2
SAR
PCI
Per-VC Queues/
Traffic Shaping
ATM Shaping: CBR,
VBR, ABR (all 3
modes) and UBR High-performance
SAR
Clarence Filsfils - atm-mpls-cos Cisco Systems Confidential 9
Per-VC WRED : Intelligent
IP Packet Discard Traffic
Threshold Exceeded Shaping
VIP2-50 PA-A3-XX
VC1
VC2
VC3
No discard
Per-VC Per-VC on PA
WRED: Queues
Intelligent Discard
Clarence Filsfils - atm-mpls-cos Cisco Systems Confidential 10
Per-VC WRED (cont.)
• ATM router interface “shapes” according to VBR,
CBR or ABR* requirements
• Very low loss on ATM network is essential
–Easy with CBR, VBR
–Good match to ABR allowing elastic use of all available
bandwidth (assuming low loss implementation, e.g. BPX)
–Not effective with UBR VCs
* ABR : Future
Clarence Filsfils - atm-mpls-cos Cisco Systems Confidential 11
Per-VC WRED CLI
WRED profile:
random-detect group <group-name>
exponential weighting constant <1.16>
precedence <0..7, rsvp> <min-th> <max-th> <mark-p>
• Two Modes:
– Protected VC rule : when a protected VC goes
down, the bundle goes down
– Protected group rule : when all members in the
protected group fail, the bundle is delared DOWN
–When a bundle is declared down, no traffic is
forwarded out of the bundle (EVEN some VCs are
still up).
Protected VC
Explicit
bumping
Implicit
bumping
Protected
group
• Cf “atmvcbundle.doc” or Manuals
Still OVERLAY!
Clarence Filsfils - atm-mpls-cos Cisco Systems Confidential 31
Agenda
ATM-TSR
Tag
IP Diff-Serv COS
end-to-end
Non-Tag
Conventional
Router Non-Tag
Tag Edge
Routers Frame-TSR
Clarence Filsfils - atm-mpls-cos Cisco Systems Confidential 34
MPLS CoS: 3 steps
STEP2
IPv4 MPLS
IPv4
STEP1 STEP3
• Step1: NON-MPLS
– CAR/QPPB/CiscoAssure
– WFQ/WRED
P/p CoS3 25
Prec: xyz
P/p CoS4 12
Clarence Filsfils - atm-mpls-cos Cisco Systems Confidential 37
MPLS CoS: 3 steps
• Straightforward!!!
• Same Mechanisms as IP CoS
• Class Marker
– MPLS CoS instead of Precedence; or
– MPLS Label instead of Precedence
Overlay Model:
IP Intelligence
Around
Peer Model:
IP Intelligence
at every hop
ATM TSR
B
London Paris
A
Per VC
ABR
Tarifa
• Equal sharing of link A-B is not always desirable:
– Configure relative bandwidth on router-pair basis,
e.g. Tarifa-KleinStadt = 1; London-Paris = 100
• Resource Allocation :
– Sharing of Bandwidth across Edge Pairs via “Relative BW” on a per
TSP basis
– Sharing of Bandwidth across COS performed
through WRED on Edge
Clarence Filsfils - atm-mpls-cos Cisco Systems Confidential 47
Multi-VC TBR mode
Control Plane
ATM TSR
ATM TSR
• Edge ATM-LSR:
per CoS WFQ + per CoS WRED
• ATM-LSR:
per CoS WFQ + per CoS WEPD
Per COS
WFQ
• Single-VC ABR:
– No Loss in the ATM fabric
– Discard possible only on the Edge performed by Routers
– Resource Allocation optionally per Pair of Edge Routers. Sharing of
bandwidth across COS indirect via WRED profiles
TDP TDP
TDP
TDP
TDP
TDP
ATM VP
TDP
• FR analogy:
– sell 64 kb/s CIR for 99.5% of the time
– reserve 64/overbooking kb/s + admission
control + selective discard + …
ICR
ECR VPN 256k
VPN_A 128k SP
site 2 ICR ECR
256k 128k
ICR
VPN_A
256k site 3
• Then:
– loss property is 10^(-n1)
– RTT is < m1 ms
• Enforcement of ICR:
– CAR: policing in/out of profile
• Enforcement of ECR
COS_7
COS_7