1) Forming Acyl Chloride

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS Type: Substitution Mechanism: Nucleophilic

Methyl Ethanoate Nucleophile: Cl-

Ethanamide 2) Reforming Acid
3 Type: Substitution Mechanism: Nucleophilic
4
5 Nucleophile: OH-
H20/NaOH

Ethanoyl Chloride 3) Forming Amide

2
Type: Substitution Mechanism: Nucleophilic
1
6 Nucleophile: NH2-
Ethanoic Acid
Conc. H2SO4 + Reflux

4) Esterification
Na2Cr2O7

Type: Substitution Mechanism: Nucleophilic

Nucleophile: OCH3-
7) Reduction
Ethanal
5) Esterification
Type: Reduction/Substitution
Dilute H2SO4 + Reflux

Type: Substitution Mechanism: Nucleophilic

Mechanism: Nucleophilic
Na2Cr2O7

-
Nucleophile: OCH3-
7 Nucleophile: H

Aldehydes and Ketones can also be

6) Alcohol and Acid Reformation
reduced to their parent alcohol using
this method. Type: Hydrolysis

Equation: With Water, you get the alcohol and parent acid, in
Ethanol
dynamic equilibrium

With NaOH, you get the alcohol and parent

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 + H2 Carboxylate anion. There is no equilibrium.