;j;a l;la

fi!Èfha §
ñh hhs
fi!È wrdìfha
fiajfha kshq;=j
isá" fld<U .%Ekaâ
mdia m%foaYfha mÈxÑ
wd¾' ta' lukS
YHdu,S Ôú;laIhg
m;aj we;s nj ISSN 2012-8908
{d;Syq mji;s'
fi!È wrdìfha
mqj;am;la jYfhka ,shdmÈxÑlr we;' jvd hym;a foaYhla Wfoid
fiajfha kshq;=j 2011 uehs m<uq ldKavh miajeks l,dmh ñ, remsh,a 20 hs
isáh § ish ydï
mq;=kaf.a ysßyer
jk nj g
ÿrl;kh Tiafia
weh ish
wd¾Ól wmyiq;d ksid
orejka 150"000 la mdi,a yer hhs
fidfydhqrdg mjid
we;s njo jd¾;d
fõ'
,xld gD;a
wieNs oiqka ÿgq
isiqjdf.a mshd m%shkað;a wdf,dalnKavdr
fjä ;nd .kS mdie,a hk jhfia isák orejkaf.ka 150"000la muK ;u mjq,aj, mj;sk orejka mdi,a yerhdug wOHdmkfhka bj;a ùug
wd¾Ól wmyiq;d ksid mdi,a hdu kj;d oud we;ehs iólaIKhlska fy<s ;j;a fya;= ;sìh yels m%Ok fya;=jla úh yels
wka;¾cd,fhka
neúka" ta ms<sn`oj nj úoaj;=kaf.a woyihs'
,nd.;a wiNH ù ;sfí' <ud ixj¾Ok yd ldka;d lghq;= wud;HxYh Èjhsk mqrd .%dufiajd ;jÿrg;a fidhd n,d iuia : hla f,i fmr
o¾Yk iys; Ñ;%mg jiïj, lrk ,o iólaIKhlska fï nj wkdjrKh ù ;sfí' Tjqkaj mdie,aj,g mdi,a wOHdmkh" mdi,a
lsysmhla mdie,a hk
fï orejka blaukska mdi,aj,g fhduq lÍug lgqhq;= lsÍfuka <ud fhduqlsÍug yels mshjr wOHdmkh yd Wiia
;u mq;=f.a cx.u
ÿrl;kfha ;sfnkq wmfhdack wju lr.; yels nj;a <ud ixj¾Ok yd ldka;d lghq;= .kakd nj ta uy;d wOHmkh hk lafIa;%hka
wud:HdxYfha mßjdi flduidßia ir;a wfí.=Kj¾Ok uy;d m%ldY l< ;jÿrg;a m%ldY lr ;sfí' ;=ku wojk úg
ÿgq msfhl= ±ä f,i
mj;akd wOHdmk l%ufha mj;s k a f ka w¾nq o ldÍ
is;a ;ejq,g m;a j nj ,xld gD;a fjí wvúh i`oyka lrhs' we;s ÿ¾j,;d o orejka ;;a;ajhl h'
miq.sh 09 jk od
ish Èú ydks
lrf.k ;sfí'
udOH fõÈfhl=g ksoyia úh yels o@
f.dl/,a, nv
fmd,sia jifï mÈxÑ
43 yeúßÈ msfhl=
fuf,i ish Èú
ydkslrf.k we;s
w;r Tyq ;u ksjfia
;snQ fldgk
;=jlal=jlska fjä
;ndf.k we;ehs
fmd,Sish isÿl<
úu¾Ykj, §
wkdjrKh ù we;'
f.dl/,a,
m%foaYfha mdie,l
wOHdmkh ,enQ
YsIHfhl= jk ñh
.sh whf.a mq;%hd
i;=j ;snQ cx.u
ÿrl;khla
úÿy,am;sjrhdg yiq
ù ;sfí'
th ;uka Ndrhg
.;a úÿy,am;sjrhd
cx.u ÿrl;kh
mÍlaId lr ne,Sfï
§ tys wiNH Ñ;%mg
o¾Yk ;sfnkq ±l
isiqjdf.a
foudmshkag mdie,g
meñfKk f,i
okajd ;sfí'
úÿy,am;sjrhdf.a
±kqï §ug wkqj ñh idjµ m%jD;a;shla jd¾;d lsÍfuka Widúhg wmydi lf<a h lsis Èfkl rgla ;sridr ixj¾Okh lrd fufyh ùfï wjYH;djhla
.sh wh yd Tyqf.a hk fpdaokdjg fmd,Sish úiska w;awvx.=jg f.k mQf.dv Widúhg ;sìh fkdyels h' tu ksid mj;akd md,kfha ¥IK" wl%ñl;d" ÿ¾j,;d
ìß`o 09 jk od bÈßm;a l< ,xld B ksjqia udOHfõ§ idka; úfÊiQßh uy;d miq.sh fmkajd§u ckudOHfha uQ,sl hq;=lu h' uy ck;dj;a rch;a
orejd bf.kqu 12 jk od ksoyia úh' mqj;a jd¾;dlrKfha § óg jeäfhka j.lSulska fomilska ;nd is;d n,kafka kï ckudOHlrejd isg.; hq;af;a ta
,nk mdie,g f.dia lghq;= lrkakehs wjjdo lr" tu m%jD;a;sh m, lsÍu fya;=fjka fjí fomsßig ueÈks' ckudOHlrefjl=f.a ks¾NS;Ndjh;a" Yla;sh;a /`§
we;s w;r tys § wvúhg mkjd ;snQ ;djld,sl ;yku o mQf.dv ufyai; a d% ;a wêlrKh mj;skafka ta uOHia:Ndjh ;=< h' ksjerÈ ±lau yd mßk;Ndjh ;=<
wod, cx.u úiska bj;a lf<a h' h'
ÿrl;kfha jQ o¾Yk hy md,kh ;=<ska rgl wd¾Ól" idudÔh" foaYmd,ksl iqN w;awvx.=jg m;aùug udihlg muK fmr ,xld B ksjqia
Tjqkag fmkaùug isoaêh i`oyd" Yla;su;a úmlaIhla fiau j.lSfuka lghq;= lrk udOHfõ§ Ydka; úfÊiQßh uy;d wdKavqfõ ixpdrl jHdmD;sh ksid
úÿy,am;sjrhd ckudOHh Ndú;djla o ;sìh hq;= h' f.dúìï wysñ jQ mdku m%foaYfha f.ú,shlf.a y`vg lkaÿka whqre'
mshjr f.k ;sfí' rfÜ md,lhka lrk lrk foahg tfyhs lshk udOHfõ§ka g cdhdrEmh ñysir PdhdrEm tallh
tu isoaêfhka miq
±ä f,i is;a fjß ù jefkk ,xld msrjqï fmd<
fõokdjg m;a jQ md¾,sfïka;= ixlS¾Khg ióm YS% chj¾Ok mqr" we;=,a fldaÜg ykaÈfha msysgd fndfyda fofkla wid" ±l ;sfí'
mshd ksjig meñK we;s ,xld LKsc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:djg wh;a bkaok msrjqï fmd< b;d wldrHlIu ta ms<sn`oj tu ia:dkh Ndr l<ukdldrjrhdg ±kqï ÿkako l=uk
ksjfia ;snQ ;=jlal=j nj fndfyda jdyk ysñhka yd ßhÿrka mjihs' fyda ldrKhla ksid ;u fiajlhkaj md,kh lr.ekSug Tyqg fkdyels
f.k fuf,i fjä miq.sh uehs 11 jk od iji ;=kg muK tu ia:dkfhka fiajh nj fmfkkakg ;sìKs'
;ndf.k we;ehs ,nd .kakg .sh fndfyda fokdg olskk a g ,eî ;snf q Ka tys fiajlhska j;auka wdKavqj u;g ;s; jeks u;aøjH úfrdaë jHdmD;s l%shd;aul
fmd,Sish mjihs' fyd`Èka îu;aj isák nj hs' lrñka isák úg uyckhdg m%isoaêfha fiajh imhk fujeks rcfha
iuka .uf.a f;,a ñ,§ .ekSug meñfKk jdykj, isák ldka;djka ms<sn`oj wdh;k ;=< îu;ska yd wisysfhka jev lrk fiajlhka yd md,lhka
Y%S ,xld .dähka mjd fkdis;d tu fiajlhka îu;aj l=Kqyrmfhka nek .kakd nj isàuo ydiHhg lreKls'
 02 2011 uehs

§ h' kuq;a th ±ka wm fldßhdkq w¾ooaùmfha yd

ixj¾Okfha ydialñka uq¿ f,dalhu w;r b;d iq<N frda.hla' bka§h fjr,nv ;Srfha
fvx.= yd wfkl=; a fï frda.h me;sr .sfha
ffjria frda. ms<sn`o idïm% o dhs l ks c N+ ñ hg

r;afjkakg
;;a;ajh o fuhg wu;rj h' fuhg iDcq
f,iu n,mEfõ by< .sh

mgkaf.k ;sfí fkdfojks fõ'

uef,a ß hd frda . h
i`oyd ;ju;a ks Y a Ñ ;
f.da,Sh WKqiquhs'
16ŸC g jvd WIAK;ajh
by< hdu ksid f,dalfha
jeis j , l% ñ l m% ; s M , hdug n,mdk m%Odk;u ;sfnkjd' m% Ó ldr fkdue;s nj
i`ÿka chj¾Ok i`oyka' th iEu úkdä
kj m% f oa Y uef,a ß hd
wfma l a I dfjks ' kuq ; a idOlh jk ldnka lDIs l ¾udka ; fha § jdyl uÿrejka úis k a
mD;=úfha l,la mej; 03 lg u jrla f,dalfha
miq.sh ld,fha § we;s jQ vfhdlaihsâ jdhqj fuka u fï ;;a ; a j h w;am;a lr.ksñka isák
wd hym;a mßir fldfya fyda ;ekl ñksia
.xj;= r ;;a j hka fuu jeäfhkau mßirhg uqod jeäfhka u n,mdkafka nj i`oyka fjkjd' ±kg
WIa K ;a j h widudkH Ôú;hla ì<s.kakg ;rï
wfmalaIdjka fnd`o lr yßkafka Okj;a rgj,a iq¿ mßudK ëjr jd¾Yslj f,dj mqrd
f,i by< hdu f.da,Sh me;sr f.dia ;sfnkjd'
oukakg fya;= úh' úisks' tys m%;sM,h f,i m%cdjkag h' iq¿ mßudK ñ<s h k 400 lg muK
WKqiqu by< hdu f,i uef,a ß hdfõ ks c ìu
wfkla w;g f.da,Sh f,dalfha wdydr ëjrhd f,i i,lkafka uef,aßhdj je<f`okjd'
ye`Èkaúh yels h' õkafka f,dalfha
WKq i q u yd foa Y .= K s l ksYamdokhg ndOd t,a, nyqÈk ëjr hd;%d" w;s fvx.= frda.h
th iDcq j wmf.a ksj¾;k l,dmh hs' tys
fjkia l ï ks i d l= v d ù ;sfí' úYd, fg%da,¾ hd;%d" fyda iïnkaOfhka o we;s ù
tÈfkod Ôú;hg yd by< WIaK;ajh
mßudK f.dúhka uqyqK ±kg we;s wd¾Ól fk!ld u.ska ëjr we;s ;;a;ajh Bg iudk
jD;a;Skag n,mEï t,a, uef,aßhd jdylhd jk
fokafka b;du;a fÄokSh foaYmd,ksl moku u; l¾udka;fha fkdfhfok h' fvx.= jdyl uÿrejka
lrkjd' tfia u th wefkdamS,sia uÿrejdf.a
brKulg h' .xj;= r bÈß oYl ls y s m h ;= < yd yeô<s ±,a jeks idudkHfhka Ôj;a
wmf.a fi!LHhg me;srhdug msgqjy,la'
jeks ;¾ck ksid wefußldj" hq f rda m S h úkdildÍ mka k l% u jkqfha fi,aishia wxYl
;¾ckhla fjkjd' 1995 - 2000 hk
Tjqkaf.a l=vd bvï rgj, fyda cmdkh jeks Ndú; fkdlrk whhs ' 16 g jvd by<
f.da,Sh WKqiqu by<hdu ld,h w;r ;=r
myiqfjka úkdi fjkjd' Okj;a rgj, id.skak iuia : ëjr m% c dfjka WIaK;ajhlska hq;=
flfrys n,md we;s uef,aßhdj ol=Kq
ksh.h ksid Tjqka ,nd ks i d uyckhd mS v djg 80]la u iq ¿ mßudK mßirhlhs' uqyqÿ uÜgfï
lreKq fndfydauhla wm hq f rda m fha " reis h dfõ"
.ka k d l= v d wia j eka k m;a ùug we;s bvlv ëjrhska fõ' Tre" mdre" is g wä 3000 lg jvd
jeks ÿma m ;a rgj,a j ,
ck;dj úiska we;s l< by< m% f oa Y j, fvx.=
tajd fkdfjhs' kuq;a bka uÿrejka me;s Í is á fha
we;s ù we;s whym;a keye' kuq;a ±ka Tjqka wä
m%;sM,j,g uqyqK §ug 6600 lg jvd Wiska hq;=
isÿjkafka ÿmam;a rgj, l`ÿlr m<d;aj,;a Ôj;a
ÿmam;a ck;djghs' fuu jk nj jd¾;d fjkjd'
;;a ; a j hg uq y q K §ug 1990 oYlfha isg f,dj
kï f.da,Sh WKqiqu .ek mqrd ñ<shk 100 lg wêl
±Kqj;a ùu jeo.;a ck;djla fvx.=
fjkjd' ta u.ska f.da,Sh frda.fhka mSvd ú`Èkjd'
WKqiqu by< hdug tfia kï f.da,Sh
n,mdk l% s h djka f .ka WKqiqu by<hdug tfrys
wE;a j is à ug;a " thg jkafkl= jYfhka Tng
iDcqj j.lsj hq;= Okj;a .;yels l%shdud¾. /ila
rdcHhkag tfrysj ;sfí'
n,mEï lKavdhula f,i Tn tÈfkod ndú;
tla /iaj lghq;= lsÍug;a lrk bkaok j¾. wmf;a
yels fjkjd' fkdhjd ksis f,i
wjqreÿ oyia .Kkla mdßfndackh lsÍu
mq r du ñks i dg wdydr jeo.;a h' f,dj mqrd úÿ,s
ksYamdokfha § WmldÍ jQ mdßfndackh foi ne¨j
hym;a foaY.=Ksl fyd;a YS% ,xldj
;;ajhka wojk úg mdßfndckh lrka f ka
fjkia fjñka mj;skjd' b;d l=vd m%;sY;hls'
cdhdrEmh wka;¾cd,fhks
miq.sh ld,fha f,dalfha rg ;=< ksmofjk
;sß`.= j.d lrk,o m%foaY iuia; úÿ,s iemhqfuka
Tjq k a g wys ñ fjkjd' w,am h' kuq;a id.skak n;a;,a tla Èklg Ñl=ka .=kHd" uef,aßhd" jeä fldgila l¾udka;
±ä ks h x ;;a j hka j ,g
foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi yd ks i d Ôú; wys ñ ùfï muKla m% u dKj;a j k jirj, fik.ud,h i`oyd iy kd.ßl
,la ù ;s f nkjd' ls ß
lDIsl¾udka;hg wys;lr ;¾ckhg ,la ù we;af;a f,i bkaok f.khd yels jeks frda . ;;a ; a j hka m%cdjf.a ck Ôú;h
.jhska we;s lrk m%foaY
fjk;a ;;ajhka ldnka vfhdlaihsâ yd m%udKfha hdka;%sl jHmam; jQ nj wm Wfoid jehfjhs' idudkH
o oreKq kshx ;;a;ajhka
fya ; = f jka ;u Ôúldj wfkl=;a yß;d.dr jdhQka fnda Ü gq muKla fkdj okakjd' fï frda. .%dóh ck;j i`oyd
g uq y q K ÿka k d' 2005
wysñ jQ ,laI ixLHd; b;d wjuj mßirhg uqod ud±,a l¾udka; lrejka" jHdma;h s kj frda.hkaf.a iemfhk úÿ,s h iS u d
j¾Yfha § iamd[a[h ;u
f.dú ck;djla ffoksl yßk È`<sÿ rgj, ckhdg ßá mkak ëjrhska" l,mq mekke.S u yd jix.; flfrñka mj;s h s ' tu
b;sydifha oreKqu kshx
wdodhu wefußldkq h' Okj;a rgj,a úiska wdY% s ; ëjrhs k a o fï frda.hkaf.a kej; ks i d úÿ,s h fuka u
idhg uqyqK ÿkakd' thska
fvd,¾ 01 g jvd wvq f.da , S h WKq i q u jeä fldgig wh;a fjkjd' kej; meñkSu" f.da,Sh wfkl=;a n,Yla;s
Tjqkaf.a lDIsl¾udka;h
lDIsld¾ñl fkdjk lrkakg fya;=jk Bg wu;rj rg WKqiqu ksid we;s ù we;s m% N jhka ndú;h iS u d
;=< wdydr fNda. j.djka
lïlre /lshdj,g udre Tjqkaf.a wêmdßfndack wNHka ; rfha c,dYj, ;;a;ajhka yd iDcq j ne§ lsÍu i`oyd jvd Wkakÿ
yS iïmQ ¾ K m<odfjka
ù isákjd' Ôjk rgdjg tfrys j ñßÈh ëjr l¾udka;fha mj;skakla' l< hq;af;a kd.ßl
30]la wys ñ jq k d' tu
f.da,Sh WKqiqu ksid ÿma m ;a rgj, ck;dj kshef,k b;d iq¿ msßila ksrka ;rfhka we; m%cdjhs'
jif¾ u kef.kysr
lDIsl¾udka;h u; we;s fuka u md,lhs k a o o wh;a' s j k .xj;= r ;;a ; a j h flfia fj;;a
hqfrdamfha we;s jQ oreKq
ù we;s .eg¿ iy.; n,mEï lKaavdhï f,i Y%S ,xldfõ iuia: uÿrejka wdY%s;j fndajk ljqreka tafia l<;a tys
ks h x ;;a ; a j fhka yd
;;ajh fnfyaúka talrdYS úh h;af;a tu u;aiH iïm;a fk,Sfuka frda.j,g ukd msgj q y,la m% ; s m ,h iuia : udkj
Tiaá%hdj" n,af.aßhdj yd
n,mdkafka ;=kajeks ksid h' 70]la o f,da l u;a i H imhhs' fï we;s ù ;sfnk ixy;sfha u hym; msKsi
refïkshdj hk rgj,aj,
f,da l fha rgj,a j ,ghs ' fï ;;a;ajfhka lDIs iïm;a fk,Sfuka 55] la úIu mdßißl ;;ajfhka jkq we;'
we;s jQ oreKq jeis yd
wdis h dfõ yd wm% s l dfõ l¾udka;hg we;slr we;s o iq¿ mßudK ëjrhska uÿrejka fyd`Èka wdydr wdkhkh
.xj;=r fya;=fjka
ñ<s h k 50l ck;djla ydkshg iudk ydkshla úis k a bgq l rkq ,nhs ' m% f hda c k .ka k d njla ls Í ug orkq ,nk w;s
Tjq k a f .a wia j kq j ,s k a
2050 jk úg b;d ±ä ëjr l¾udka;hg o t,a, f.da,h S WKqiu q by< hdu fmfkkjd' ±ka Tjq k a úYd, úhou wju lsÍug
úYd, m%;sY;hla Tjqka g
id.; ;;a;ajhlg ù ;sfnkjd' u.ska we;sjk iq<s l=Kdgq ksj¾;k l,dmSh rgj, fï ldrKh jeo.;a fõ'
wys ñ jq k d' mD;= . d,h
uqyqKfokq we;ehs id.r u;aiH iïm; ;;a;ajhka iq¿ mßudK isg hqfrdamh olajd ;u fuh iDcqj f.da,Sh
Tjqkaf.a b;sydifha we;s
wkqudk fldg ;sfnkjd' ñksidg fidnd oyfuka ëjrhskag ydksodhl wKil m;=rjd yßkakg WKqiu q wju lsÍug fya;=
jQ ±äu ksh.hg 2005
fï ;;a;ajhka ksid fkdñf,a ,enqKq fjkjd' Tjq k a f .a l= v d iu;aj isákjd' jk w;r foaYSh jYfhka
jif¾ § uqyqK ÿkakd'
;jÿrg;a wdydr fNda . wdydruh odhohls' hd;%d fiau ëjr miq.sh ld,fha Ñlka wdydr iqrlaIs;;djh we;s
f.da,Sh WKqiqu ksid
j.dj i`oyd flfrk miq.sh oYl yhl WmlrK;a fï ;;ajhkag .=kHd yd fvx.= frda.h lsÍug o fya;= jkq we;'
jvd;a ;rckhg ,la ù
n,mEu wju lsÍug ld,hla ;=< u;aiH uqyqK §ug ;rï jika.;hla wdldrfhka 100]la u foaYSh wdydr
we;af;a ksis l,g jeis
lghq ; = fkdl<fyd;a iïm; uqyqK ÿka m%udkj;a tajd fkdfjhs' ,xldj ;=< me;sr .shd' mßfndackh l< hq;= hehs
we;sfõhehs Wml,amkh
by; ixLHdjg ;j;a m%Odk;u ;¾ckh jQfha iq<s l=Kdgq u.ska Tjqkfa .a Ñl=ka .=kHd yd fvx.= ñka woyia jkafka ke;'
lrñka ish j.djka i`oyd
ñ<shk 30l muK msßila wê mdßfndackhhs' tu Ôú;j,g mjd ;¾ck frda.hkaf.a jdylhd jk wju jYfhka rg ;=<
iQodkï jk f.dùka h'
tl;= jkakg bv we;ehs ;¾ckh ksid f,dalfha we;sjk wjia:d wo Bãia Bðma g hs uÿrejd ks I a m dokh l< yels
fndfyda úg fudiï jeis
.Kka n,d ;s f í' fï u;aiH iïm; iS.%fhka jkúg nyq,j wiakakg fuhg fmr wm rfÜ wdydrj;a m%udKj;a mßÈ
wfmalaIdfjka lDIs
iuia: ixLHdfjka 2$3 la wvq jkakg fya;= jqkd' ,efnkjd' iq<N idudðlfhl= ks Y a m dokh lÍug iq ¿
l¾udka;fha fhfok wh
wmsl
% dkq ck;dj jk w;r fufia ;¾ckhg ,la ù f,dalh mqrd jix.; fkdfõ' Ñl= k a .= k Hd mßudK f.dùka yd
hs'
wfkla msßi wdishdkqjka we;s ëjr la f Ia ; % h g frda . fnda ù fï m% j K frda.h ms<sn`oj uq,skau f.j;=j.d wxYh Èßu;a
Y%S ,xldfõ h, uy
h' foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi u.ska ;djhla miq.sh ld,fha furáka jd¾;d jQ f ha ls Í fuka úYd, m% Ó m,
folkakh j.d
f.da,Sh WKqiqu by< kj ixlS¾K;d we;sfldg ola k g ,enq K d' fvx.= " yefÜ oYlfha uq,aNd.fha ,nd.;yels jkq we;'
flfrkafka fï fudiï
 2011 uehs 03

f.da,Sh fj<`ofmd< ;=< w;rux jQ

ksIamdolhd;a mdßfNda.slhd;a fjkqfjka
ñysir
idOdrK jQ fj<`ofmd<la f.dvk.uq
wxl 997$43"
md¾la f,aka"
rdc.sßh'
ÿrl;k'
0112865084" 0115711095

md,lhkaf.a
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fldfid,a rcq isykfhka ±lafla h' Bg jvd
foaj,a wms yeneyska olsñka isáuq' idOdrK fj<`ofmd< yd fj<`o m%o¾Ykh 2011
f.da,Sh fj<`ofmd< hdka;%Khg tfrysj l%shd;aul jk ixl,amhla
jk idOdrK fj<`ofmd< m%dfhda.sl;ajhg m;a lrKq jia" 2011 wfm%a,a
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l m% ; s Y ;hla kS ; s . ; ta wkq j kj mK;a úfYa I fhka fuu wfmdfydi;a jQy' jqjukdjla we;akï Tjqka
ls Í fï yels h dj fyd`od iïu; jQ kuq ; a fujr mdGud,djkag Pkao fuys § ldka;d ld,h yd uqo,a jeh l<
ldrj u mj;sk njg th pkaoh meje;a jQfha mrK odhlhska iu. foaYmd,k mSGh m%foaY / hq;af;a kj Wmdh ud¾.
tla iy;slhls' kuq;a kj iudkq m d;s l ks f hda c k wdl¾YKS h f,i l;d il ish jeuq¿ Èh;a l< fiùug ñi ±kg iuia:
mk;a flgq ï m; wkq j l%uh hgf;a h' ta hgf;a nia ls Í fï is g Pka o w;r ldka;dj yd udOH foaYmd,k lafIa;%hu
tjeks ffk;sl / ldka;djka 256 fofkla m;% s l d uq ø Kh ls Í u" iduQyslh Èia;%slal 05la wdl%uKh lr isák
ljrKhla' ldka;djka g foaYmd,k mlai yd fmdaiag¾ .eiSu" wdjrKh lrñka ish ckm%sh msßñ foaYmd,kfha
fyda ;reKhka g ys ñ iajdëk lKavdhï PdhdrEmj,g fmkS isàu" jevigyka isÿ l< y' wdo¾Yhka ms g q m i yUd
fkdfjhs' fuu kj ksfhdackh lrñka m%isoaO fõÈldj, ?iaùï ±ka Tjqka ish¨ fokdf.a hdug fkdjkafka h'
mK;g úreoaOj ldka;d ckaohg bÈßm;a jQ w;r weu;S u " is h ±la u yd uyka i s f ha m% ; s m , wm
lKavdhï folla Tjqkaf.a ch.%yKh fmdfrdkaÿ m;% ieliSu" bÈßfha we;' fï ,s m s h ufkdaß l¨.ïmsáh
fY%aIaGdêlrKh fj; wfma l a I d lrñka ta ta f.hska f.g hdu iy jeä ,shk wjia:dj jk úg Wmqgd .;a;a
fm;aiï folla bÈßm;a foaYmd,k mlaIj, Pkao yd ukdm m%udKhla ,eî ;snQ o;a;hka g wkqj rdjh mqj;amf;ks
 2011 uehs 05

mqoa., ksoyi w.h l< wiïu;

iqrEmsksh ,sia t<sifn;a fghs,¾
f,dj iqm;, iqrEmS úiska ksmo jQ flá la,sfhdameÜrd Ñ;%mgfha
fyd,sjqâ ks<shl jQ Ñ;%mghlska zfohdia jka ud¾la wekagkS f,i
t<sin;a fÜhs,¾ miq.sh fndaka tõß ñksÜZ ßp¾â n¾Üka r`. mE
od fuf,dúka ioyg u There’s One Born Every w;r la,sfhda meÜrd
iuq .;a;d h' Minute (1942) iskudjg jQfha t<sifn;a h' jir
yDohdndOhla je<`§fuka w;afmd;a ;nkakg 10la Tjqka fofokd
miq.sh ud¾;= 23 jkod t<sifn;ag yels fjhs' ta wekagkS yd
weh ñh .sfha jir 79 la jk úg wef.a jhi la,sfhdameÜrd f,i mjq,a
mqrd iskudfõ yd ienE hka;ï wjqreÿ 09la jQjd lE w;r 1974 § fjka
Ôú;fha weh r`. mE muKs' t;ekska werUQ úh'
ish¨ pß;hka ms<sn`o .uk weh miq.sh od Tjqka fofokdf.a
u;lhka f,da jeis wjika lf<a <iaik u újdyhg fndfyda fokd
okkaf.a u;lfha b;sß .eyekshla f,i;a" úreoaO jQ w;r
lrñks' w.%.kH ks<shla f,i;a Èlalidofhka udi 16
iskudfõ § weh r`. f,dalfha u ch flfy<s lg miqj tkï 1975
±la jQ pß;hka kekaùfuka miqj h' Tlaf;danrfha § kej;;a
fjkqfjka" iskudfõ t<sifn;af.a ujg;a Tjqka újdy úh' kuq;a ta
by<u iïudkh jk mshdg;a hyñka uqo,a fojeks .uk o mej;sfha
welvñ iïudkfhka ;snqK;a" wef.a ujf.a B jirlg;a wvq ld,hls'
fojrlau weh msÿï <`. b,lalh jQfha weh fojk jrg;a t<sifn;a
,eîh' ta 1960 § ;sr.; uyd Okm;sfhl=g újdy n¾Ükaf.ka Èlalido
jQ zng¾*S,aâ 8Z iy 1966 lr §u h' ta wkqj jQjd h'
§ ;sr.; jQ yQ we*af¾hsâ ys,agka fydag,a cd,fha B <`.g t<sifn;a
T*a j¾Ôkshd jq,a* ysñlrejd jQ ksla ys,agka újdy jQfha
Ñ;%mg j, weh úiska kï Ok l=fõrhdg ;u wefußldfõ
l< w;s úYsIag rx.kh ÈhKsh jQ t<sifn;a j
ßmí,slka mlaIfha
fjkqfjks' ^Academy újdy lr §ug wef.a
foaYmd,k{fhla jQ
Award, Best Actress, ujg yels úh' ta 1950
fifkÜ iNsl fcdaka
BUtterfield 8 (1960) jif¾ §h' ta jk úg
and Who’s Afraid of t<sifn;ag hdka;ï 18 fjdk¾ iu. h' 1976
Virginia Woolf? (1966)& msreKd muKs' uyd újdy foieïnrfha Tyq iu.
kuq;a iudcfha ux.f,da;aijhlska miqj újdy jQ t<sifn;a ta
idudkH lsheùug wkqj uÿ iuh .; lsÍu i`oyd lidoh 1982 jk ;=re
kï weh ienE Ôú;fha kj hqj, kejq ke.S mj;ajdf.k .shd h'
r`.±la jQ pß;h f,da m%xYh n,d .sh o Èk wef.a wjidk
jeis okkaf.a ms<s.ekSug .Kkdjla hk ;=re;a újdyh i`oyd ukud,hd
,la jQjd±hs lSu ;rula wehg lkHdjla f,i jQfha wehg jeäfhka
ÿIalr h' ir,j u isàug isÿjQfha ksla f.a wjqreÿ 20la ,dnd, ,eÍ
lshkafka kï ienE u;a f,da,S nj;a iQÿ fmdfgkaials kï
Ôú;fha § weh iajdñ fl<sh;a ksid h' ;reKhd h' 1991 Tyq
mqreYhka 8 fofkl= újdy ù ál Èklska iu. újdy jQ t<sifn;a
iu`. §. lE widudkH u wehg iajdñ ál l,lska u ta u.=,g
.eyeKshls' mqreIhl=f.ka ,eìh hq;= o ;s; ;sínd h' ta wkqj
wefußldkq cd;sl wdorh fjkqjg 1996 weh Tyqf.ka
ujq msh hqj,lg odj fyd`ojdhska .=á neg Èlalido úh'
1932 fmnrjdß 27 jkod ,efnkakg mgka .;af;a úúO ieñhkag
t<in;a frdiafudkaâ h' isÿúh yels whqßka u odj wehg ¥ jreka
fghs,¾ Wmkafka fojirla .; jkakg;a fofofkla yd mq;=ka
tx.,ka;fha § h' u;af;ka ;u ux., fofofkla o jQy'
,xldfõ ujqjre újdyhg weh
f,dalh mqrd isák
;ukaf.a orejka fu.d wdhqfndajka lSfõ ujf.a
taâia frda.Skaf.a yd
iagd¾ia" vdkaisx iagdia" fojeks isyskh fnd`o wehg jvd wjqreÿ 20 iskud Ôú;fha m< jhi wjqreÿ 47la jQ w;r
lrjñKs' iu,sx.slhskaf.a
iqm¾ iagd¾ia lsÍug lska jeäuy¨ jq w;r ,nñka Okj;a t<sifn;a g wjqreÿ 24 la
l=vdl< isgu olaldf.k lidohla nekaod whs;sjdislï ms<sn`oj
újdyl mqoa.,fhla o ;eke;a;shla njg m;a j úh' fgdaâ wehg
hk whqre ks;r olakg kï fudk m%YaK weh b;d Wkkaÿfjka
úh' 1952 § Tyq yd újdy isáhd h' uhsl,a fgdaâ wdorfhka ie<l+ kuq;a
,efnhs' ,xldfõ jeäysá ;snqK;a ìß`ola tajd ú`o jQ weh wjqreÿ 05la Tyq wefußldkqfjla jQ w;r újdyfhka jirla ^1958& jev l<d h'
ks<shka mjd Ñ;%mgj," ordf.k isáh hq;= hehs yd mjq,a lEjd h' ta lS¾;su;a kdgH yd .; jk úg Tyq .=jka idudkHfhka
fg,skdgHj, lshukla ;sfí' kuq;a ld,h ;=< § fofokd Ñ;%mg ksIamdolfhl= wk;=rlska wjdikdjka; hqfrdamfha k¿
o¾Yk;,j,g hkafka t<sifn;a ta iudc w;r we;s fkd.e,mSï úh' Tyq ksIamdokh l< f,i ñh .sfha h' ks<shkaf.a mjq,a Ôú;h
;ukaf.a wïud iu. h' iïu;hg msgqmdñka y`ÿkd.;a jyd u weh zzf,da jgd Èk 80laZZ weh isõ jk jrg fuhdldrfhka ixlS¾K
lvd t<sifn;a f.a jk kuq;a t<sifn;a ta
uj jQ idrd lsis od úúO ieñhkag odj whg ¥ jreka fofofkla yd mq;k = a fofofkla o jQy' w;ßka iqúfYaIS jkafka
ckm%sh fkdjQ fõÈld weh tjeks iiqìul mjd
f,dalh mqrd isák taâia frda.k
S f
a .a yd iu,sx.slhskf
a .a whs;js dislï ms<n
s `oj úYd, fm!reYhla f.dv
ks<shla jQjd h' wehg
ienE lr.; fkdyels jQ weh b;d Wkkaÿfjka jev l<d h' k.d .ekSug iu;a jQ
isyskh ;u ÈhKsh .eyekshla ùu ;=< h'
fj;ska ienE lr.kq idudkHfhka hqfrdamfha k¿ ks<h
s kaf.a mjq,a Ôú;h fuhdldrfhka ixlS¾K flfia fj;;a fï
msKsi weh ;u ÈhKsh jQ w.%.kH f,dj iqm;,
t<sifn;a l=vd l< isg
jk kuq;a t<sifn;a ta w;ßka iqúfYaIS jkafka weh tjeks miqìul mjd ldka;dj ms<sn`o ;;=
u rx.kh foig keUqre úYd, fm!reYhla f.dv k.d .ekSug iu;a jQ .eyekshla ùu ;=< h' ,xldfõ ldka;dj"
lrù h' tx.,ka;fha újdyh" wdorh jeks
mqoa., ksoyig Tyqg o whqfndajka lSfõ (Around the World in újdy jQfha fyd,sjqâ k¿ ldrKd iïnkaOfhka
,kavka kqjr isg uQ,sl;ajh foñka fofokdg odj orejka Eighty Days) Ñ;%mgh tã msI¾ iu. h' ta 1959
wefußldj n,d idrd jk idlÉPd ;=<g
fkdksñ .uKla wdrïN fofofkl= o fomiska wdodhï jdr;d ;enQ jif¾ § h' kuq;a 1964 § jeoaodf.k úuid
t<sifn;a /f.k fldg ;sìKs' isáh § h' iskud mghla jQjd t<sifn;a Tyqf.ka o
tkafka fï isyskh ch n,kakg ;rï jákd
uyd Okm;shdf.ka ì%;dkH k¿jdf.ka muKla fkdj Tialdr fjka úh' lula ;sfí'
.ekSfï wruqfKks' Èlalido jQ t<sifn;a B fjka jQ weh h<s;a Ok iïudkh mjd fgdaâ tu jif¾ § u
wïudf.a W;aidyh <`.g ydo jQfha uhsl,a l=fõrhl= fj; ,x fj; ysñ lr fokakg ^1964& weh rx.k frdaIskS .uf.a
ksidu wefußldfõ jhs,aäx kï ì%;dkH fjñka isáhd h' kuq;a iu;a úh' fofokd újdy Ys,amsfhla jQ ßpd¾â ^memrdishd i`.rdj yd
hqksj¾i,a Ñ;%d.drh k¿jl= iu. h' Tyq fï jk úg weh ;u jQ 1957 jk úg fgdaâ f.a n¾Üka iu. újdy úh' wka;¾cd,h weiqfrks&
 06 2011 uehs

we;a;gu ±ka ug ysf;kjd fï i

1971 ;reK ke.S isàu
Yla;su;a lsÍug Èú
ysñfhka lem jQjka
fndfyda fofkla ;u
úiajdih wkqj" ;ju;a
úúOdldr iudc
biafi,a,d u mx;s jf.a bkafka' tA .kakjd uu wjYH ifrlaIka lshk fmd; kE rxðZ lsh,d' thd ia,Smsx
fufyjrhkaf.a
my l<d' miafia lshkafka fï Tlafldu fj,dfõ § wjYH foa tl tlaflkd bx.S%is ál geí,Ü ´j¾ fvdaia .;a;d'
kshef,ñka isákafka "
l|jqrej,g .shd' Bg l,n,h wiafia ux uf.a l<d lsh,d' lshjkjd' wksla wh ojila thdj n,kak rxueKsld
Tjqka ;=< ;snQ iudch
miafia ug Ndr ÿkakd Ôú;h fjkia lrf.k t;fldg ysf¾ hkafka wyf.k bkakjd' ta nkaOkd.dfrg wdj' thd lsjqjd
jvd hym;a ;ekla lsÍfï
lsre,mfka b`o,d kEfka' fudk ldf, o@ ojiaj, tajd ug lg ? fld<U weú;a bkak ;ekla
wfmalaIdj w;a
yxje,a,g hklï kS;g mq;d yïn ysf¾ .sfha 1973 mdvï' ;snqfka ke;s ksid wïn,ul
fkdyßñKs' ta w;ßka
biaflda,j,g .sys,a,d fjkafka 1972 ud¾;= 17 fjksod o ta lf,a mqÿu ksod.;af;a lsh,d' tal wyf.k
rkað;a Èidkdhl uy;d
biafldaf,a <uhs tlal Tlaf;daïn¾ 08 fjks od' fldfy o" 1977 fjklï wdOHd;añl ÈhqKqjla wms b`o,d isrd lshkjd" Thd nh
iqúfYaIS jkafka
jev lrkak lsh,d' Tlaf;daïn¾ 04 fjks od ysf¾ ysáhd' ;=< ;snqfKa' ysrf.or fjkak tmd" wms blaukska
ukqIH;ajh ms<sn`oj Tyq
tlfldg fldfydu o udf¾ ug lshkjd ug wyïfnka yïn ysáh ld,fhka Wmßu ksoyia fj,d tkjd' weú;a fï
;=< mj;akd ±ä úiajdih
Tng Tfí ìß`oj uqK ueIska.ka j.hla fjkjd isis,a úl%u m%fhdackhla wms .;a;d' iudch fjkia lrkjd lsh,d'
ksid h'
.efykafka@ wrf.k" ;j fokafkla lsh,d ud;r Èia;%slalfha tfya ysáhd .dâ isrd 71 le/,a,g iïnkaO
fmdä ldf,a yeÿfka
ux O¾umdf,ag tlal wkqrdOmqf¾ g flfkla' thd ug flfkla' thdf.a .u flfkla fkfuhs' ta;a ysf¾ §
jevqfka iy biafldaf,a
fi,a,ï l<d' t;fldg tkak" ysr f.or lv,d lshkjd bkak ;ekela Th kqjr me;af;a' fï wmsj wdY%h lr,d thdf.a
.sfha fldfya o@
;uhs kS;d;a tlal ysf¾ bkak lÜáh j kE lsh,d' uu lshkjd .dâ fyk fõje,la woyiq;a fjkia jqkd'
kqf.af.dv ;uhs
iïnkafoa we;s jqfKa' ux fír .kak lsh,d' kS;j wyj,a ojfia 11'00 g wrf.k ysrldrhkag ysfrka ksoyia fj,d weú,a,d
yeÿfka jevqfka'
nfhda lrkjd' thd rd.u fydiamsÜ,a tlg fudrgqj iafÜYka tlg .ykjd' yßhg lkak fudkjo lf<a@
ffjYdld lsh,d
ue;aia lrkjd' tA we;=<a lr, uu rd.u tkak ux Thdg ;ekela ms`.dklaj;a ke;s lrkak fohla ;snqfKa kE'
je,a,j;af;a ;sfhk
fjkfldg ux b|,d fldaÉÑfhA hkafka' fydh,d fokakï lsh,d' ñksiaiq' tal ug wfma u,a,s t;fldg úYaj
biafldaf,g yfha
biafldaf,a ls%lÜ .y,d" ueIska.ka fol;a ta Èfkag uu wdjd n,df.k bkak nE' ux úµdf,a ysáfha' thd rdc.sßfha
mka;shg fjklï .shd'
isxÿ lsh,d f.dvla wrf.k wksla fokak;a iafÜYka tlg' ug .sys,a,d weyqjd i¾ Thdg f,dl= j;a;la whs;s flfkla f.a
Bg miafia ;¾iagka tlg
.shd' biafldaf,a hk f;areKd t;k iS'whs'ã' ljqreyß lror lrkj o mqf;la tlal tl;= fj,d tafla
ldf,a ls%lÜ msiafila tflka bkakjd lsh,d' lsh,d' ñksyd lshkjd l=l=<a l+vqjla yo,d ;snqKd'
fj,d ;uhs ysáfha' wfma tlmdrg u uu ;Skaÿ ñksyd f.or hkfldg l=l=<a¨ 500la ú;r odkak mq¿jka
mjqf,a ;=kafofkla u lrkjd t;kska hkak .Eks ñkyf.a hqksf*daaï talg' ux ysfrka wdjyu ñksyd
tl tl biaflda,j,g ´ks lsh,d' miafihs tl .sks ;sh,¨' ñksyd ug tal lrkak lsh,d ndr
fi,a,ï l<d' wfma u,a,s ±k.kafka 71 ysgmq rEmfhka fhdaohd jf.a ÿkakd' biai,a,d u ì;a;r odk
j¾Kmqr;a tlal fi,a,ï tlaflfkla ;uhs udj ysáhg" we;=f<A bkafka l=l=<a¨ 50 la ú;r ysáfha'
l<d' wfkla u,a,s fmkakkak wrka weú;a l=vd ñksfyla' uu b;ska wr ysf¾ ysáh ldf,a ìß`ohs"
bism;fkg fi,a,ï ;sfhkafka lsh,d' uu wdof¾ .ek" ukqIH;ajh orejhs fldfy o" fldfydu o
l<d' ux ;¾iagka tfla thdj w÷rkafka kE' thd .ek wr úYaj idys;Hfha ysáfha@
´m¾kska fnda,¾' udj w`ÿrkafk;a kE' ta;a foaj,a" lshkjd' b;sx uQg ;eka ;ekaj, ysáfha' thd
g%hsiagd¾ .d¾ukaÜ whs;s ku okakjd' gla .d,d msiaiq yeÿkd' tjd fmdä /lshdjla l<d' uu ysf¾g
l=ud¾ foajmamqr wfma àï uu udre fjkjd' fldÉpr ñkyg ys;g hkfldg mq;dg udi myhs' ysf¾
tlg fi,a,ï l<d' tA t;fldg uf.a ku jeÿko lshkjdkï b`o,d tkfldg wjqreÿ myhs'
ldf,a uf.a fnda,aj,g lsh,d tlaflfkla l;d ñksyd .Eks;a tlal wjYH ld,fha § orejka g"
tfllaj;a .ykafka kE' lrkjd' uu msá miai wdfh;a iu.s jqkd' ìß`og iajdñ mqreIfhl=f.ka
biafldaf,a hk ldf,a ux yeß,d n,kjd' taflka äfjdaia fjkak ysgmq bgqúh hq;= hq;=lï uf.ka bgq
la,í tllg;a fi,a,ï thd,d udj wÿr .kakjd' fokakd' ug f.oßka fkdùu .ek úYd, lK.dgqjla
l<d' udj w,af.k .sfha lEu;a wrka tkjd' ;sfhkjd'
t;fldg fldfydu o .,alsiai fmd,Sishg' ñksyd ojila ug lsjqjd" wms m,af,lef,a
c'ú'fma'g iïnkaO t;kskq;a uu mekakd' zWUj ksoyia jqkyu" uu nkaOkd.df¾ bkakfldg tafla
jkafka@ wdfh;a jg lr,d WUg f.or hkak ;sínd j.d lrkak mq¿jka fmdä
uu fnda,a fldfyduyß udj w,a, fokafka kE" wfma f.or bvula' tfy ysáhd mshodi
lrkfldg yßhg .;a;d' iiafmkav¾ tl f.kshkjdZ lsh,d' ta lsh,d flfkla' ñksyg uu
fkdafnda,a hkjd' ta ksid rkað;a Èidkdhl uy;d msáka udj y;rfjks jf.a úúO ñksiaiq weiqre uf.a ìß`o" orejd .ek lsjqjd'
ux mdf¾ m%elaáia ;u ìß`o kS;d iu`. ;Ügqjg f.kdfõ' ojia l<d' we;a;gu ysfrka msá .kak i,a,s kE wudrefjka
lrkjd' tlaflfkla úis tlla fjklï udr ksoyia jqk ojfia ug thd,d bkafka lsh,d' b;sx wms
t;k b`oka yeu;siafiu m%isoaOhs' fldfydu tlal' neßfj,dj;a .eys,a,la .eyqjd' miafia ys;=kd" wmrdfoa ;j fokakd l;d fj,d wiajekak
lshkjd ´l jqK;a ux biafldaf,a kS;g wudrejla jqfkd;a udj ó.uqfõ álla bkak mq¿jka Ndf.a Ndf.a fnod.uq lsh,d ta
wêrdcHjd§kaf.a lS%vdjla jev;a fyd`Èka l<d' wïu;a" ;d;a;d;a ke;s nkaOkd.drhg wrf.k jqkdkï fyd`ohs lh,d' bvï lE,af,a Ækq ysfgjqjd''
lsh,d' kuq;a ux .kka c'ú'fma' jqkdg miafia ux tfla ljqrej;a kE" .shd' ug weúÈkak;a nE' fudlo lshjkak neß wiajekak fk,k ldf,a
.kafka kE tAjd' tl .=rejrekag;a mx;s l<d' <uhg;a ljqrej;a kE" ug u;lhs l=uqÿ l=iqï fjÉp ;j fmd;a álla tkfldg udj wdfh;a 4 fjks
ojila ñksyd ug ?g lekaáug ßx.,d lsh,d ug ysf;kjd' uu l=udr ^j;auka f,ala ;snqKd' ;Ügqjg m%Yak lrkak wrf.k
lshkjd" udr jefâ udj jev lrk ñksiaiqkag;a uyj biafÜIka tflka yjqia iNdm;s nkaÿ, ure isrd;a wms;a .shd' tfyu f.ksÉpyu wdfh;a
iS'whs'ã' fhka fydhkjd" mx;s l<d' ta ksid neye,d fldams .kak moau l=udrf.a u,a,S& tlal ysáhd' ^wkqrdOmqr ysgmq l`ojqrg odkafka kE' m%Yak
okak ;ekela O¾umd, úoHdf,a jf.a .syska wdmyq f.or ysáhd tafla' thd ug udr nkaOkd.drfhka mek.sh lr,d udj ±ïfï ùrú, l`ojqrg'
;sfhkjkï thdj c'ú'fma' fikag¾ tlla tkak lsh,d yokjd' ta;a úÈyg Wojq l<d' isrd kej; fldgq úh& mshodi wr wiajekak Tlafldu
yx.kak lsh,d' thdf.a jf.a yeÿkd' tA w;r ux ug u ysf;kjd uu fï ó.uqfjka" fnda.ïnrg" ñksyd udr fm!reIhla .kak we;s' Bg miafia hdmfka
ku lS¾;s úfcisxy' fï fjk fjk fudk mdov jevela o hdmkhg" m,af,alef,ag
ldf,a fjkfldg thf. biaflda,j,;a jev lrkafka lsh,d' jf.a m<d;aj,
lvj; is.rá tackaif s ha whs;ls drhd uf.a m
kx.s tlal ^kS;d" thd lrkak mgka .;a;d' fldaÉÑh iagd¾Ü lr,d nkaOkd.drj,g udj thdg fg,sf*daka lr,d lsjj q d" iqk,
s a upx fï
fï iudfÊ b|,d hk fldg uu wdmyq wrf.k .shd'
;uhs uf.a ìß`o jqfKa&
jevela kE' fï iudc
remsh,a 7000 la fokak lsh,d' ñksyd ug l=K
fmdä wdor iïnkaOhla .syska t,af,kjd' biafldaf,a hk ldf,a wr
we;sfj,d ;snqfKa' l%fï wjidfka ;uhs wms .sys,a,d uu udfrg fc'ú' fma' idudðlhd tflla lsh,d" f;dg ´fka .dk lshmx f;df
thdf.a whshd ksid fï lido n¢kafka lsh,d l;kaof¾ lshkjd' udfr yïn jqkdu Ôúf;a .ek f.ke;a uu
jefâ w;dßkak;a nEfka' wms úiajdi lf<a' lshkjd zThd Thdf.a ±lau fjkia fjkjdfka@"
fydau.u f¾äfhda kS;f.a wïu;a" jev fldgi lr,d wdmyq ta jf.a ysf¾ ysgmq ldf,È ;sìÉp ñksfyla' ure tlg ±ïud' wjidfkg lerls,d
iafÜYka tlla ;snqKd' ta ;d;a;d;a kE' ug isoao fld<U hkakZ lsh,d' wdfh;a Ôúf;a .ek ±lau isrd t,a,,d urkak Èk fnda.ïnrg wdjd' t;fldg wr
<`. f.orl uf.a jqKd fuhdj ;eka uu fld<U tkfldg tA fjkia jqkd o@ §,d ;snqfKa' kkaok mshodi;a fnda.ïnrg udre lr,d'
hd¿fjla bkkjd fndaâ ;ekaj,g wrka hñka ojiaj, ;snqK zzck;dZZ iïmQ¾Kfhka udrisxy ug mKsúvhla wjqreÿ .dKlskafka wms yïn
fj,d ;kshu' ux lS¾;s wdrlaId lrkak' wms m;a;f¾ ;sfhkjd ±lald" fjkia jqkd' we;a;g u tj,d ;snqKd" ure isrdg jqfka' ñksyd udj ñksyf.a fi,a
yx.kak wrka hkjd rd.u me;af;ka remsh,a wkqrdOmqf¾ ysrf.or ysf¾ ysgmq ldf,a wmg lshkak urkak fokafka tl we;=<g tlalrf.k .shd'
tfyag' uy ? uyr.u 30 lg jf.a mqxÑ f.hla lv,d ure isr;a tlal úYaj úµdf,a .shd jf.a' kE wms .y,d fír .kak .syska fmdâvla bkav rxð lsh,d
b`oka meh folla mhska l=,shg .;a;d' ljqrej;a 147 fofkla mek,d .shd uq¿ ojiu wms lf<a tkjd lsh,d' wms mek,d welaihsia fmd;la wrf.k wdjd'
.sfha' ta 1969 ú;r' ta t;k okafka kE' uuhs lsh,d' ure isr;a fmd;a lshjmq tl' kshu hkak ysáfha' kuq;a tal tal we;=f<a uf.a fldgi fjku
hk w;f¾ lS¾;s udj udfrhs ^kakok udrisxy& wkqrdOmqf¾ ysrf.or wOHdmkh ,efnkafka tlaflfkla mdjd ÿkakd' fjka lr,d ;snqKd' remsh,a
c'ú'fma'g kïu .;a;d' ú;rhs ;ek okafka' ysáhd' ñksyd fc'ú'fm' t;kÈfka' uelaisï b;sx ure isrd 200la' ta ;rï ixfõ§" wjxl
Bg miafia b;sx ls%lÜ iudcjd§ iudchla lf¾ kE' ys;j;alug f.da¾lsf.a fmd;a t,a,¨jyu wms we;=f<a Woúh ysf¾ § yïN jqfka' thd
w; yefrkjd' fjkqfjka lrk wfma lÜáh;a tlal lshjkjd' fmdaiag¾ yeyqjd" zure wog;a uf.a fyd`ou hd¿fjla'
c'ú'fma' g iïnkaO wr.,hla wiafia kS;g mekakd' uu tkfldg fodiaf;dõialsf.a isrd ur,do t,a¨fõ" 77 uu ksoyia fj,d ìß`o;a
jqKdg miafia Ôúf;a <ufhl=;a yïn fjkjd' mq;d bmÈ,d' ljqre;a l¾ufida ifydaorfhda t,a,,do uerefõZ lsh,d' tlal wfma wïu,df.a f.org
.ek fjku úÈylska yenehs wo;a ux lido kS;d ,`. ysáfha kE' ug lshk fmd;" ure isrd ug lsjqfõ zux wdjd' wfma ;d;a;d î,d weú,a,d
olskak mq¿jka jqkd' ne|mq ke;s ñksfyla ÿlhs' ta;a uu ys; iki fgd,aiafgdahsf.a Í uqka w;ska uefrkafka wmsj tf,jqjd' b;sx wms mq;dj;a

iudchg uu udr msgia;rfhla lsh,d
jvdf.k mdrÈf.a weú,a,d" Th
rdc.sßfha lu;j;af;a wfma
hd¿fjl=f.a f.or k;r jqfka'
t;kg tkfldg wmsg ;snqfKa
remsh,a 10 lg .;a; meÿrla
ú;rhs'
ojila kkaok lreKdkdhl
yïn jqkd'^wdpd¾h kkaok
lreKdkdhl ck ikaksfõok
ms<sn`o úoajf;ls' Tyq ñhf.dia
±kg jir lsysmhla f.ú
f.disks& uuhs thhs hdmfka
ysrf.or tlg ysáfha' hflda WU
±ka fldfyao bkafka" lsh,d
weyqjd' thd wms bkak ;ek
n,kak tkfldg jdäfjkak
fokakj;a tlla wmg ;snqfKa
kE' thd thdf.a f.or ;snqK
hqksla f¾äfhda tl wmg ÿkakd'
ld,hla hklka wfma f.or
;snqK jákdu NdKavh jqfka
tal' miafia thdg wefußldjg
hkak YsIH;ajhla yïn jqkd'
uuhs thdj thd fmdaÜ tlg
tlalrka .sfha' hk ojfia thd
ug thdf.a mqia nhsislf,a ÿkakd'
tal ug f,dl= yhshla jqkd'
ta nhsislf,ka uu ì;a;r weo
weo tajd úlald' ojig lsf,da
óg¾ 30 la ú;r mÈkjd'
kuq;a uu uf.a ìß`o
fjkqfjka thdg ys;d.kak neß
fndfyda foaj,a l<d' ojila
thdf.a tl Wmka Èkhla lsÜgq
fjkfldg" uu thdf.ka weyqjd"
fudkjo WmkaÈfkag wrka ´fka
lsh,d' thd lsjqjd f.al=hs
bvul=hs wrka ´fka lsh,d' udj
r;a fj,d .shd' uf.a wf;a
;snqfK remsh,a 100 hs' ta;a uu
yd lsjqjd' lsh,d uu biafi,a,d
u .shd ksu,a uyrf.a,f.a f.or'
t;fldg thdf.a jhs*a pkaølald
ú;rhs ysáfha' uu lsjqjd thdg
remsh,a 3000 la fokak uu
bvula .kak hkjd lsh,d' thd
t;fldg cd;sl f,aLkdrlaIfka
jev lf<a' thd lsjqjd i,a,s kE'
WU ksu,ag lshkak ke;a;x uu
lr udf,a fokakï W.ia ;sh,d
yß úl=K,d yß remsh,a 3000 la
yod .kska lsh,d' ksu,a uyrf.a
wdjyu uu thdj me;a;lg w`v
.y,d remsh,a 3000 la b,a¨jd'
thd lsjqjd i,a,s kE nx" yenehs
WU pkaølalg lshkafka ke;akï
u.=,a uqoao fokakï lsh,d' uu
fï fol wrf.k" wr kkaok
lreKdkdhl ÿkak nhsislf,a
mka;fs ha hd¿fjla iqk,
s a fyÜáwdrÉÑ lsh,d'
ï r;a;rx nvq j.hla ;sfhkjd ;shdf.k ug
Kqrfmka nekakd' f;da ys;j= o uu W.ia .kak
f.a r;a;rka nvq ug ´fka kE lsh,d' ta i,a,s
bvu .;a;d'
ke.,d w`v w`vd wdfõ' yenehs
uu ys;d.;a;d ta udf,hs" uqoaohs
úl=kkafk;a kE' W.ia
;shkafka;a kE lsh,d' wms ta
ojiaj, we`ÿï ±ïfï ika,hsÜ
fmÜáfha' wr uqoaohs udf,hs ta
fmÜáfha hgu yex.=jd'
Bg miafia uu .shd y,dj;
fgd*s lu,a yïn fjkak'
úfÊùr y,dj; .shyu lkafka
ta f.oßka' niagEkaâ tfla fgdms
úl=Kmq ksid ;uhs thdg fgd*s
lu,a lshkafka' thhs uuhs tlg
ysf¾ ysáfha' ta f.a fmdä
me,am;la' ? uu lu,ag úia;f¾
lshkjd' thdf.a fkdakd ^ñ,s
wlald& Whkjd' remsh,a 3000 la
2011 uehs 07
uu lu,af.ka b,a¨jd' ,hsÜ ál yhs lrkjdZ miafia uu biai,a, u fmdä ÿjg wjqreÿ 06 la wefrkak fjk i;=gla
t;fldg tal weys,d ñ,s lsh,d' 1980 ;uhs uu ta isx.mamQrejg .shd' ú;r we;s' iqm¾ud¾lÜ wmg ;snqfKa kE' w¨;a
wlald lsjqjd" wehs wr f.or mÈxÑ jqfka' t;kska ùid yodf.k .shyu thd fi,a,ï nvq mrïmrdj ys;kafka wms
l;r.u hkak tl;= foaYmd,k cSú;fhka hd¿fjla ud¾.fhka b,a,kjd' wmg wrka wmafâÜ fj,d ke;s ksid
lrmq lefÜ rxðg fouq" whska fj,d fm!oa.,sl fkor,ka;hg .shd' fokak i,a,s kE' mq;dg tfyu jev lrkafka
tal fohshkag fokjg cSúf;a u muKla fko¾,kaf;ka b;d,shg wjqreÿ 16 la 17 la ú;r lsh,d' tal;a tl
jvd msx fka lsh,d' tafla f.dvk.d.kak yels .shd' fï rgj,a j,È jf.a' thdg yß ÿlhs ldrKhla fjkak
;snín foodia .Kkg jqkd o@ mqÿudldr Ôú;hla .; kx.sg fïjd wrka mq¿jka' ta whg gla .d,d
b;sßh;a od,d remsh,a uu Wfoa mdkaor 06 lf<a' fokak neß ksid' b;ska bkag¾ .syska f,dalfha
3000 la lr,d ug ÿkakd' b`o,d ? 11 fjklka 1988 rg .sfha' wdfha uf.a hd¿fjda wdjyu f;dr;=re .kak mq¿jka'
u,a,l odf.k i,a,s ì;a;r wÈkjd' ì;a;r ,xldjg wdfõ 1996' uu mq;d lshkjd" wkal,a ug kuq;a fmdä
wrka wdfõ' tod uu l+fâ wrf.k hkfldg rg bkakfldg" tfya uu riaidjla fydh,d w;aud¾;ldó lula Tjqka
ys;d.;a;d fuhd,g uu udfr ^kkaok udrisxy - ysgmq ;;a;afõ .ek fokak lsh,d' b;ska ;=< uu olskjd' kuq;a
wlalrhla wrka fokjd Tyq 71 igkaldó" lemS wjfndaOhla wfma f.or mq;d .ia lm,d w;= wrka tal ta whf.a je/oaola
lsh,d' miafia ldf,a uu fmfkk c'ú'fm' whg ;snqfKa kE' fï hk ;ekl riaidjla fkfuhs' iudc l%uh
thd,g wlalrhla wrka idudðlfhls' 88-89 fjkfldg ìß`o kS;d fydhd .;a;d' ta úiska ta whg tfyu
ÿkakd' ta i,a,s ;uhs c'ú'fm' úiska u fjä f,dah¾ flfkla fj,d fjkfldg ug udfilg lrkak isoao lr,d
bvu .kak weâjdkaia ;nd >d;kh lrk ,§& ysáfha' thd ys;=fõ thdg 600 hs yïn fjkafka' ;sfhkafka'
lf<a' kx.S fuäl,a yïn jqfkd;a" ì;a;r tlafiláõ uÜgfï mq;d iqudfkg 600 Tn ;ju;a iudch
fldf,aÊ tfla ysáfha' l+fâ <`. lfâlska riaidjla" <uhg fydhkjd' thd ;d;a;d me;a;g jeä nrla od,d
thd remsh,a 1000la ;sh,d" thd tlal /iaùï" bkagkeYk,a flfkla jf.a kx.sg jev lrk flkla" fï
ÿkakd' u,a,s;a 1000 la iïuka;%Kj,g hkjd' biaflda,hla tlal fi,a,ï nvq Tlafldu ldf,a mjq, ;=< Tfí
ÿkakd' odhl;ajh yd Tn lrk
lvj; is.rá foaj,aj,g mjq, ;=< we;s
tackaisfha whs;sldrhd j,x.=Ndjh fldhs jf.a
uf.a mka;sfha hd¿fjla o@
iqks,a fyÜáwdrÉÑ uu mdkaor
lsh,d' thdg fg,sf*daka ke.sákjd' ke.sg,d"
lr,d lsjqjd" iqks,a upx m,af,yd ;Ügqjg
fï r;a;rx nvq j.hla nyskjd' uq¿ f.au
;sfhkjd" ;shdf.k ug cfk,a wßkjd' kS;d
remsh,a 7000 la fokak Wfoa m,af,ydg
lsh,d' ñksyd ug nyskfldg fyd`o
l=Kqrfmka nekakd' f;da Tlaiscka ;uhs thd
ys;=jo uu W.ia .kak wdiajdi m%iajdi
tflla lsh,d" f;dg lrkafka' B <`.g thdg
´fka .dk lshmx l=iaisfha jev ál
f;df.a r;a;rka nvq ug lrkak Wojq fjkjd'
´fka kE lsh,d' ta i,a,s tlg b`of.k Wfoa f;a
;a f.ke;a fldfyduyß tl fndkjd' ta
uu remsh,a 19000 la fudfyd; ;uhs ug mjq,
yo,d f.ahs bvuhs fjkqfjka .; lrkak
.;a;d' ;sfhk fyd`ou
±ka fï f.org fudfyd;' b;ska m%Yak
,hsÜ kE' wfma fkdakd l;d lrkjd' thd ys;k
lshms ,hsgq;a ´fka u;k l%uh ug jvd
lsh,d' tal fmdä f.hla yd;amiskau fjkia ksid
wr ,hskaj, ;sfhk iuyr úg ug thd tlal
f.j,a jf.a' lE,s ;=khs' wfha tkafka yjig' b;d,shg weú;a fyd`oska wrka tkak mgka .;a;d' flaka;s hkjd' ta;a
m¾pia 20 hs' <s`ohs' wdodhu;a Wmh,d' bkak mq¿jka fõú b;d,s bkak isxy, mq¿jka ;rï wdrjq,a
llal=iaishhs' foaYmd,fk;a w;a lsh,d' ta;a tkak ´fka ñksiaiq f,aishlg ;j j,g hkafka kE lshk
uf.a hd¿fjla fkdyer Ôúf;a lsõjyu uu thd,j flfklag Wojq lrkafka wêYaGdkfha ;uhs uu
ysáhd lvodis ixhqla; .eg.y.;af;a tfyuhs' b;d,shg f.kak .;a;d' kE' ta;a uu tfyÈ uf.a bkafka' fudlo uu
uKavf,a jev lrk' hd¿fjla ug ÿkakd t;fldg uu jev riaidj fjk whg §,d ys;k foau ta wh
ñksyd jhßka jev lrk fvd,¾ 500la' uu lf<a wiai .d,l' Wfoa t<shg neye,d ;sfhkjd' ys;kak ´fka kEfka' ta
flfkla' uu ñksyg taflka mgka .;a;d" 7'00 b`oka ? 7'00 we;a;g u ±ka ug whg lsh,d ys;k
úia;f¾ lsjqjd' thd ähqá *%S nvq ^àù" fjklï .,a fjÉp ysf;kjd fï iudchg úÈyl=;a ;sfhkak
lsõjd uu msgfldgqfjka f¾äfhda jf.a tajd& wiai fná .f,da,d whska uu udr msgia;rfhla tmdhe' wms fldfyduo
Khg nvq ál wrka fufy f.ke;a lrkjd' uu ?g bkafka lsh,d' kS;d jqk;a wms ys;k úÈy
úl=Kkak' miafia ta f¾ia fldaia tl wykafka Thd fudkjo taf.d,a,ka fokafka
r;au,dfka f,dl= we;=f<u ;sfhk mqxÑ Th ;rï ? fjklï fkao'
lfâl=;a ±ïud' fyd`og f.hl' ta f.a isxy, weúo weúo lrkafka ±ka mjq,la jqkdg
miafia fldhs ;rï
i,a,s yïn l<d' ta lm,a tlla ysáfha' Wka lsh,d' ±ka wmg lkak
w;f¾ ìß`o lsjqjd thdg g%hs lrkafka udj ;sfhkjd' jdyk mjq,aj, m%Yak we;s lr
f,da lrkak ´fka t;kska fldfydu yß ;sfhkjd' bkak ;eka .kakjd o@ uu yeuodu
lsh,d' b;sx tajdg thdg lm,d" Wkaf.a ;sfhjd' kuq;a wmg f.org tkafka" uu uf.a
uu Wojq l<d' {d;sfhlaj t;kg iudch .ek ;sìÉp ìß`og ys; ßfokak
jhßka lr,d fokakï fkdakd lsjqjd wms f.kak .kak' ug wfmalaIdj bIag fj,d jpkhlaj;a lshkafka
lsh,d' ñksyd ksjdvqjg fmdähg f.a youq lsh,d' f;arekd tfyu jqfkd;a kE' kE lsh,d ys;df.k'
weú;a jhßka lr,d thduhs ma,Eka tl kS;,j f.kak.kak ta ldf,a ;reK kuq;a ;ryd hk
ÿkakd' Bg miafia úÿ,s we`of.k wdfõ' i,a,s fydhd.kak neß ;reKshkaf.a wjia:dj,a ke;af;a kE'
n, uKavf,a bkaðksh¾ n,kfldg ;Ügq folhs' fjkjd' uu ta whg wfmalaIdjka yd ±ka iuyr fj,djg ?g uu
wdjd f.a n,kak' ñksyd wfma hd¿fjd 20 la ú;r uf.a úia;f¾ lsh,d" ta ;reKhkaf.a wfmalaId ;uhs .syska f.or frÈ
lsjqjd ;yvq ksid fï weú,a,d ;uhs w;a;sjdrï fokakf.a ll=,a fol ixikaokh lrkfldg ál we;=<g .kafka'
f.ag lrkaÜ tl fokak lemsfõ' i,a,s kE' w,a,,d je`o,d lsjqjd" fudkj o ysf;kafka@ cfk,a jykafka' ta wh
nE lsh,d' uu ñksyj remsh,a 2500 hs ;snqfKa' zuu jekafoa WU, ±ka iudch ta iuyr úg à'ù' tl n,
ysóg <s`o <`.g wrf.k fldfyduyß wms f.a fokakg fkfuhs ldf,g jvd ÈhqKqhs' n, bkakjd' kuq;a uu
.sys,a,d" uu ysf¾ ysgmq yeÿjd' WU,f.a we;=f<a bkak <uhskag ;dlaIKsl ±kqu ys;kjd' ta wh;a ojfia
nj;a" f.a .;a; úÈy;a uu r;au,dfka ukqIHhdgZ lsh,d' tal ;sfhkjd' kuq;a wruqKq jev lrkak we;sfka' uu
lsjqjd' ta l;dj wy,d lfâg hkjd wvqhs' wy,d Wka fyda .d,d mrud¾:j, wjq,la ú;rla fkfï fka
bkaðksh¾g wef`vkak t;kg uu jevg .;a;d wvkak mgka .;a;d' Bg ;sfhkjd' wm yeu lsh,d'
Tkak fukak jf.a' rg b`oka wdj flfkla' miafia Wka ug nrm;, fjf,a u ys;=fõ wfkla ixjdo igyk
tlmdrg u thd tlal ta lfâg w¿;a c'ú'fm' úÈyg Wojq l<d' ñksiaiq fjkqfjka jev ms%hkað;a
wdj whg lsjqjd" zTh ^88"89& fjä ;sínd' Bg tfya tkfldg uf.a lrkak ´fka lsh,d' ta wdf,dalnKavdr
 08 2011 uehs
2011 uehs

W;=f¾ ldka;djkag n,mdkakd jQ úfYaI m%Yk

a ;sfhkjd
wdpd¾h cdklS chj¾Ok
miq.sh odl hdmkfha fjka lsÍula iudcfha hï lsis woyila bÈßm;a m%Yak jeäfhka ±fkkjd ;SrK .kakjdkï wmsg nj wms ms<s.; hq;=hs' ta
meje;s /iaùul §" cd;sl ;sîu;a i<ld ne,sh hq;= lrkak wjia;dj lsh,d' hqoaOh ksid ldka;djkaj me;a;lg jf.au hïlsis
uÜgfï iafõÉpd ldrKhla' ;sfhkjdo@ ieñhka wysñ jQ od,d m%cd;ka;%ShlrKh ixúOdkhlska fyda rch
ixúOdkhla jk iúia;%S t;fldg kS;suh idudkHfhka fï ldka;djkaf.a .ek l;d jQ iudchla fj; hkakg úiska ldka;djkaf.a
cd;sl jHdmdrh yd tys ;;ajh ;=< muKla ±lau lshk tl' wms lrkjd' ta whg nE' ;;a;ajh fjkia l<
±lau .ek woyia olajñka fkdfjhs" ldka;djkaf.a fohla olsk wdldrh Yla;shla fjkak ´fka ldka;djka iïnkaO hq;=hs lshd
wdpd¾h cdklS chj¾Ok ;;ajh ;SrKh fjkafka' ilia fjkak n,mdk lsh,d l;d lrkjd' ta lr.ekfï § ms<s.kakjdkï" ta i`oyd
úiska l< l;djla m%cd;ka;%jdofhka m%Odk fohla ;uhs whf.a wd¾Ólh .eyekqkaf.a w;a±lSï m%;sm;a;s iñmdok
weiqfrks' ldka;d ksoyi yd oDIaájdoh lshk tl' k.disgqjkak ´fka mdol lr.ekSu jeo.;a' lrkjdkï" ldka;djka
wms ljqre;a okakjd iudkd;au;djh .ek idudkHfhka f,dafla lsh,d l;d lrkjd' wms uqyqK §,d ;sfnk uqyqK §,d ;sfhk
ziúia;%SZ lshkafka l;d l<dg" .eyekqka yd Èyd wms n,k wdldrh tajdg ms<shï fydhkak w;a±lSï ie<ls,a,g w;a±lSï j,g weyqï lka
fudllao lsh,d" ziúia;%SZ §,d ta w;a±lSï j,g
lshkafka ixj¾Ok ,xldfõ ldka;djkag W;=r ol=K lsh,d ke;sj fmdÿ jQ m%Yka wkqj m%;sm;a;s
úl,amhka i`oyd jk iïmdokh l< hq;=hs
ia;%Ska lshk tl' ;sfhkjd' leu;s ;eklg hkak mq¿jkao" leu;s /lshdjla lsh,d uu úiajdi
fu;k§ ixj¾Okh iy lrkjd'
úl,amh lshk jpk lrkak mq¿jkao lshk m%Yka ;sfhkjd' ta jf.au W;=f¾ WodyrKhla úÈyg
lshkjdkï W;=re yd
fol b;du jeo.;a'
ixj¾Ok úl,amhla
ldka;djkag n,mdkakd jQ úfYaI m%Yk
a ;sfhkjd' fïjdg kef.kysr i`oyd wd¾Ól
lshkfldgu wms okakjd úi`ÿï fidhkak kï wmg ia:djr foaYmd,k ;;ajhla jevms<sfj,la l%shd;aul
lrkjd kï tys §
fï mj;sk ixj¾Ok
jev ms<sfj," l;sldj ;sfhkak ´fka lshk tl wms ms<s .kakjd uQ,sl;ajh Èh hq;af;a
wmg .e,fmkafka hqoaOh ksid jekaoUq jQ
keyehs lsh,d' ta ksid ta msßñka lshk fofldgi ú;rla fkfuhs" ´fka lsh,d l;d wrf.k" tajd we;=<;a jk ldka;djkaf.a
i`oyd wms fhduq fjk fïl w;a ú`Èkafka ldka;djkaj iudch lrkjd' jekaoUqjla Èyd wdldrfha m%;sm;a;s w;a±lSïj,g lsh,d uu
wdldrfha fjkila fjk;a wdldrhlg' úiska olsk wdldrfhka wms n,k ixialD;sl iïmdokhla úh hq;=hs' ta úiajdi lrkjd' uyd
fjkak ´fka lshk tl" fukak fï ldrKd wms whska fj,d fï wdldrh fï i`oyd l< hq;af;a l=ulao ixj¾Ok jHdmD;Skaj,g
iúia;%S ms<s.kakjd jvd;a ie<ls,a,g ldka;djkag jev lrkak jekaoUqjkaf.a m%Yak hkak wms jvd .sys,a,d tajdfhys ,dNh
lsh,d uu ys;kjd' ta .kakg ´fka' nE' B <`.g úif`ooa § b;d jeo.;a wjodkfhka úuid ne,sh ldka;djkag hhs lsh,d
jf.a u .eyekqkaf.a .eyeKqkaf.a ±lau" md¾,Sfïka;=j ;uhs fjkjd' jekaoUqjka hq;=hs' tys § ie<ls,a,g n,df.k bkafka ke;=j"
±laulska fï .ek l;d úfukaia m¾iafmlaáõ m%Odk ;SrK .kakd lshkafka;a Ôj;a úh hq;= .;hq;= m%Odk ldrKd uQ,sl;ajh Èhhq;=
lrkak ´fka lshk tfyu;a ke;akï ±lau ia:dkh jkafka' wh' ta wh iu. lghq;= ;=kla uu bÈßm;a lrkak ldrKdj,g wjOdkh Èh
tflka kej; wmg lshk tflka woyia md¾,sfïka;=fõ .eyekq lsÍfï § hï hï iSudjka leu;shs' hq;=hs'
lshk foa ;uhs" fujeks lrkafka fudllao@ ±lau wh bkafka 04] lg;a ;nd.; hq;=hs lsh,d 01' m%Odk ldrKdj ;uhs 02' iudc fjkialula
foaYmd,k" ixj¾Ok lshk tflka wms woyia jvd wvq m%udKhla' lshk fldg wmg yß ldka;djkaf.a N+ñldj Wfoid jev lrkfldg
lÓldjka ;=< .eyekqka lrkafka hï lsis fohla" t;fldg ta ;SrK wudrehs ta wh fjkia ù we;s nj ms<s.; ie<lsh hq;= m%Odk
f.a ±laula keyehs lshk ldrKdjla f,i ms<s.;
tl' fukak fï ldrKd hq;= fohla ;uhs" NdIdj
iy m%cd;ka;%jdoh lshk fjkia úh hq;=hs lshk
ldrKdj;a ;sìh hq;=hs tl'
lsh,d uu úiajdi WodyrKhla úÈyg
lrkjd' wms l;d lrkjd W;=r
ksoyiska miafia iy ol=K ms<sn`oj' wms
wms f;dard.;a foaYmd,k l;d lrkafka ol=K
l%uh ;uhs lshkafka fjku
m%cd;ka;%jdoh' taflka fldgila" W;=r
;yjqre lrk fohla lshkafka fjku
;uhs mqrjeis fldgila f,ihs'
whs;sjdiSlï lshkafka' fujeks woyila ;=<
wmg ;sfhk wdKavql%u b`of.k m%;sm;a;s yokak
jHjia:dfõ" úúO j.ka;s hkfldg uu ys;kjd
we;=<;a lr,d ;sfhkjd" tafla wjq,la we;s
.eyekq whg iudk fjkjd lsh,d' uu
mqrjeishka ùu iy;sl okafka kE W;=f¾
lsÍu i`oyd' .eyekq whg ldka;djka ol=fKa
;ukaf.a ksoyi nqla;s ldka;djka lsh,d
ú§fï whs;shla ;shkjd' fomsßila bkakjdo
ta jf.au we`ÿu ksid" lsh,d' fudlo wms msg;
tfyu;a ke;skï .eyekq fmkqfuka yefudau tl
flfkl= ùu ksid" ta jf.a' ta ksid uu
whg widOdrKhla isÿ cdhdrEmh wka;¾cd,fhks fhdackd lrkafka W;=f¾
fkdúh hq;=hs' uu ldka;djka olfKa
hï lsis ;;ajhla .ekSfï § uQ,sl jkafka iïnkaOfhka lghq;= hq;=hs'
Tfnka wykak leue;shs' ldka;djka f,i j¾.
ms<sn`oj wms i<lk msßñ wh' t;fldg ta lrkak' WodyrK úÈyg
iudcfha cSj;a fkdlr ish,af,dau
wdldrh" ta ms<sn`oj wms f.d,a,ka ;SrK .ksoa§ ta jf.au ;uhs lshkjd kï" W;=f¾
fjkfldg Tng tfyu ldka;djka f,i
isák ia:djrh' ta jf.au ;SrK .kafka msßñ ,xldfõ ldka;djkag isák fndfyda
whs;shla ;sfnk nj i<lkak lsh,d'
wms WdodyrKhla f,i whf.a n,mEu u;' W;=r ol=K lsh,d ke;sj ldka;djka myq.sh
Tng ±ks,d ;sfhkjd o 03' ldka;djkaf.a
.;af;d;a iudch yd t;fldg ta ldka;djkag fmdÿ jQ m%Yak ;sfhkjd' ld,fha § ;snqK hqOuh
lsh,d' w;a±lSï mokï lrf.k
wdKavqj hïlsis fohla ;sfhkafka ta wh .kak leu;s ;eklg hkak jHdmdrj,g fin,shka
wfma rfÜ m%;sm;a;s yokak hk tl
lrkfldg ta ms<sn`oj ;Skaÿ ;SrK l%shd;aul mq¿jka o" leu;s / f,i iïnkaO fj,d
ck.yKfhka yß jf.a u ldka;djka
jk úhoï weia;fïka;= lrkak ñila" lshdjla lrkak mq¿jka ysáhd' idïm%odhslj ta
wvlg jvd bkafka ms<sn`o m%cdjka ;=< we;s
lrk wdldrh' ta .eyekqkaf.a ±lau ta o lshk m%Yak ;sfhkjd' whg §,d ;sfhk jev
.eyekq wh" kuq;a wms ±lau fjkia lsÍu
ms<sn`oj ;sfnk ±lau;a ;Skaÿ ;SrKj,g we;=<;a ta jf.au W;=f¾ j,ska whska fj,d ta wh
WodyrKhlg .;af;d;a" i`oyd;a lghq;= lsÍu
wmg .kakg mq¿jka lrkak wjia:dj kE' ldka;djkag n,mdkakd fjk;a N+ñldjl ysáhd'
rfÜ /lshdj,aj, wjYHhs lsh,d uu
ldka;d ±lau hgf;a" ta m%cd;ka;%jdoh jQ úfYaI m%Yak ;sfhkjd' ta w;a±lSu taf.d,a,kag
fhfok ldka;djkaf.a ys;kjd'
jf.au jvd jeo.;a jk lshk tl rdcH fïjdg úi`ÿï fidhkak ;sfhkjd'
m%udKh" fï rfÜ ldka;djka ms<sn`o
ldrKdjla ;sfhkjd' md,kfha § muKla kï wmg ia:djr mjq, fmdaIKh
jeäfhkau ú/lshdfjka ±laulska hq;=" ixj¾Ok
tal ;uhs hï lsis n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh hq;= foaYmd,k ;;ajhla lsÍfï j.lSug;a ta wh
mSvd ú`oskafka úl,amhla i`oyd jQ
flfkla ,nk w;a±lSu fohla fkdfjhs" ;sfhkak ´fka lshk Wr §,d isákjd' fï
ldka;dfjda' talg fya;=j ia;%Ska ks¾udKh jkafka
u;" hï lsis fohla Èyd m%cd;ka;%jdoh mjq, tl wms ms<s .kakjd' ;;a;ajh wms ms<s.;
/lshdjka ke;slu ta jf.a ;eklska lsh,d
n,k wdldrh ;SrKh ;=<;a ls%sh;aul úh tfyukï ta i`oyd jvd;a hq;=hs' ldka;djka
ú;rla fkfuhs' /lshd hs" uu úiajdi lrkafka'
ùu' wms f.orl m%YAk hq;=hs' wms l;d lrkjd m%cd;ka;%Sh jQ iudchla lshkafka ;jÿrg;a
lsÍu iïnkaOj" l;d lrkfldg miq.sh jir 30 ;=< ;sìh hq;=h lsh,d wms f.org fj,d orejkaj
.eyekqkaf.a /lshd" ldka;djka jk wfma ms<s .kakjd' ta i`oyd yoñka ixialD;sh
igyk
iudc m%Yak we;s jqkd
msßñkaf.a /lshd lsh,d ±lafuka" wfma me;af;ka lsh,d' ldka;djkag ta wms jev lrkjd kï rlsñka isáh wh fkdjk moaud mqIamldka;s
 2011 uehs 09

ryi
iqN fjila ux.,a,hla fõjd fjila f;drfKa isysk w;f¾
fndfyda ckhd .ejiqKd
ÿfõ B;, iys; ne,aula
isxy, udi l%uhg wkqj nla kqfò wi<u lerl=Kd
udihg miqj ,nkafka fjila tal ±l,d kqfò fk;a hq.
udih hs' wd.ñl idia;Djreka f;drK mrod È<siqKd
w;r m%uqL idia;Djrfhla jk lsis;a fkdÿgqj flfkla f,i ud
nqÿrcdkka jykafiaf.a u;l kejlg f.dv jqKd
W;am;a;sh" nqÿ ùu" msßksjka
mEu hk ux., ldrkdjka ;=k wo jf.a fjk fjila ojil
y`o wyi uqÿKg jqKd
isÿ ù we;af;a fï fjila ÿfõ kqU fuka weia folla ug
udifha h' 2600 fjks iïnqoaO fukak fu;eku yuq jqKd
chka;sh iurkakg ms<sfj;ska tod rg lcq lld ,x ù
fm< .efyk fï ld,fha ySk j, wms rc jqKd
fn!oaO rgla jYfhka m%p,s; uf.a lK <`. f.;=Kq ryig
Y%S ,xldj ;=< fn!oaO o¾Ykh nE lshkakg neß jqKd
ksjerÈj l%shdjg kef.kjd o"
iudc .; ù ;sfnkjd o hkak wfka ukaod Ôúf;a yeá
úmrï lr ne,Su w.fka h' myqjod y`o yex.=Kd
fndfyda foaj,a wysñ ù f.dia
flfia fj;;a uehs 17 jk odg ÿfõ kqU ug yuq jqKd
fhfok nqÿ f;u.=, Ôúf;a l<;jk ti;=g
fjkqfjka wkqkaf.a bvul uq<ska mqka i`o f,iska ths
fyda me<hla isgqjd frda.d;=rj fudÿ ù uqÿKgu tljr
we;s fï ñys;,h iqjm;a miqj lkaog uqjd fjhs
lrkakg Tfí odhl;ajh .Ekq wms bÈßfha ks;ru
,ndfokakehs' nqoaêu;a ñysir tfyu lkaola ;sfhkjd
md:lhkag ne;snr is;ska i`o jeiQjg wjqj ldf,g
wdrdokh lr isáuq' thu fijkla iokjd

uyskao m%idoa uiabUq,

,xldfõ lïlre jHdmdrhg" ldka;d iyNd.S;ajfha b;sydidhka ì`ola

j¾;udk ,xldfõ
ck.yKfhka 50] lg
wdikak ldka;djka
m%udKhla Ôj;a fõ'
wOHdmkh iy iudc
lghq;=j, § ldka;djka
b;du;a bÈßfhka is à '
,xldfõ ldka;djla
f,dalfha m%:u w.ue;sksh
f,i;a jdr folla úOdhl
ckdêm;sksh f,i;a
lghq;= lrk ,§' ,dxlsl
ldka;djf.a iudc
;;a;ajh" foaYmd,k
iyNd.S;ajh iy ffk;sl
whs ; s j diS l ï iïnKa O j
hï fidhd ne,Sula lsÍfï
§ ldka;djf.a ;;a;ajh
jrola keye hehs lshfjk
;rug wmf.a ;;a ; a j h
fyd`o h' tfy;a ldka;djka
f.a l%shdldÍ;ajh"
kdhl;a j h hk lreKq
flf¾ wjOdkh fhduq
lrk úg wmg fmkS
hkafka" ixLH;aulj
ldka;djka iudc yd
foaYmd,k lghq;=j,
ks h e¨k o .= K d;a u lj
úYd, wvq mdvq ;sfnk nj
hs ' fuh bia u ;= ù fm
fkkafka lïlre
la f Ia ; % f ha jev lrk
ldka;djka ;=< h'
fuu lreKq idlÉpd
lsÍfï § wdpd¾h l=udß
chj¾Ok uy;a ñ hf.a
z;=kajk f,dalfha rgj,
cd;s l ;a j h iy ldka ; d
jdohZ keue;s fmdf;a
ldka;d jHdmdrh
iïnkaOfhka we;s
f;dr;=re fndfyda fihska
uQ,dY% lr.; yels h'
lïlre ldka;d
l%shdldÍ;ajh" wêrdcHjd§
hq . fha uOHu mdka ; s l
l;=ka úiska isÿ l< wr.<
j, m% ; s m ,hla jYfhka
wOHdmkh" pkao n,h yd
foa Y md,k whs ; s j diS l ï
iïnka O fhka m% . ;s Y S , S
mshjr .Kkdjla w;am;a
lrf.k we;'
fï jljdkqfõ § ta yd
iudka;rj ldïlre
ldka;djka f.a l%shd
ldÍ;a j h wmg ola k g
,enqKs' 19 jk ishjfia Y%S
,xldj ;=< jvd;a u
iQrdlEug ,la jQfha
lïlre mka;h s hs' wo;a tys
úYd, fjkila
fmfkkakg ke;' thg
jvd;au f.dÿre ù we;af;a
f;a j;= j, jev lrk
w¾O ks ¾ Ok mka ; s f ha
lïlre l;=ka h'
1881 j¾Yfha j;=
lïlrejka 266000 ka
81000 la ldka ; dfjda jQ
y'^30]&
j¾Y 1911 § ,laI 05
lska 234000la ldka;djka
h'^47]&
l%ufhka fuu ixLHdj
jeä ù we;' tfy;a 1930
.Kkaj, § lïlre
ldka;djkag Y; 25la f.jQ
w;r ms ß ñ lïlrejka g
Y; 33 la f.jd we;' kuq;a
j;=j, jeo.;a u lreKla
jk f;a o¨ fk,Su bgq
lrkafka ldka;djka
w;s k s ' wr., rdYs h l
m%;m s ,hla jYfhka .eyekq
ms ß ñ fíohlka f;drj
jegqma iu lrk ,§' kuq;a
j¾;udkh jk úg tjd
yß yeá bgq fkdjk
uÜgulg ta Èkd.ekS ï
my< nei we;' ldka;djka
g jeä ld,hla jev lsÍu
g ks f hda . lrk w;r
ldka;djkaf.a wvq jegqma
m%udKh u mqreYhdg
,ndfok wjia : djka o
ke;sj fkdfõ' j;=lrfha
l;=kaf.a kQ.;alu" urK
ixLHdj iy <ore urK
cdhdrEmh nQkaÈ fjí wvúfhks
ixLHdj Èjhsfka by<u
m% ; s Y ;hla .ka k d nh
i`oyka fõ' 1941 § j;=
lïlre ldka;djkaf.ka
wl= r e fkdo;a ixLHdj
98'5] la jQ w;r wo jk
úg tu ;;a;ajh
.= K d;a u l Èidjg yeÍ
we;'
19 jk ishjfia
k.rj," l¾udka;
Yd,dj, fiajh l<
kqmqyqKq l;=kag wvq jegqma
,enqKq w;r jr;udkfha
o ta ;;a ; a j fha úYd,
fjkila fkdue;'
j;=lrfha l;=ka wka; iQrd
lEug ,la jqj;a m%:u jrg
lïlre iñ;shla ìys jQfha
fldams j.dfldg wjqreÿ
100lg miqjhs' ta 1930 §h'
Tjq k a is h ¨ mS v djka g
wjysrlïj,g uqyqK
ÿkafka mek hdfuks' tafia
lrkjd yefrkakg
úiska u,a ud,hla me<`où
h' ta u,a ud,h i¾mfhls'
fya,s iy yeßika iud.fï
mõia;skdydñ iy
tñfkdakd wehg Èßh iy
iyfhda.h fok ,§'
lïlre ldka ; djka
w;r jvd;a m% l g jQ f ha
jkd;uq , a f ,a bifn,d
ydñh' weh ñksrka
.nvdjl jev l<
ldka ; djls ' ta wh fï
gEïma ld¾ jevj¾ckfha
bÈßfhka isá ldka;dfjda
h' fmdka i s k dydñ iy
uhsuk q a keue;s ldka;djka
fofokd o miqj fï igka
j,g tla jQy'1930 §
j;=lrfha lïlre iñ;s
msysgqùug kf;ai¾ whshd¾
iy i;Hjd.Siaj¾ ifydaor
jreka f .a ìßka o Ejreka
kdhl;ajh fok ,§'
1945ka miqj ldka;d
iyNd.S ; a j h ;j ;j;a
úfrdOh mEug bvlvla lïlre ix.ufha jev jeä úh'
Tjqkag fkdù h' j¾ckhlg ldka;djka o ldka;d lïlre
1965 lïlre wd{d tla jQy' fm!oa.,sl yd jHdmdrfha wdrïNh tfia
mkf;a i`oyka jk mßÈ rdcH wdh;k wxY fofla úh' Bg miq jdudxYs l
mek hdu lïlre u 20000la muK iyNd.S mlaIj, ldka;d lïlre
ldka;djka ysrf.g kshu jQ w;r ta ' B' .= K is x y jHdmdr we;s úh' 1953
l< yels jrols' frda.d;=r lïlre kdhlhd fï wf.daia;= 12 jk od úYd,
jQ w; orefjl= yd ;j;a ldka ; djka g iyfhda . h y¾;d,hla id¾:lj
<uhska fofofkl= iu. fok ,§' fï igkaldó mj;ajk ,§'
mek.sh ldka;djla iy l;=ka r;= yeÜg we`of.k jD;a;Sh iñ;s lafIa;%fha
l=,S lïlrejka 6 fofkla fm<md,sj, iy uehs Èk ldka ; djka iyNd.S jQ
w,a,d .ekSu i`oyd remsh,a /<s j , .uka . ;a f ;da h' "kdhl;ajh ÿka fyo
50 l ;E.a.la msßkeuQ nj we;euqka fï l;=ka ud¿ ix.uh" .=re ix.uh úYd,
1916 § jd¾;d ù we;' lfâ .eyekqka ,i iyfhda.hla fok ,§'
fuu mK;g úreoaOj y`ÿkajd ;sìKs' kuq;a wo jD;a;Sh iñ;s
lïlre ix.uh fkdlvjd 1929 § ta' B' .=Kisxy lafIa;%fha msßñkaf.a kï
l< Woaf>daIK j, ifydaorhd f.a iy l%shdjka m%isoaÈhg m;a
m%;sm,hla f,i 1922 § kdhl;ajfhka b;d m%ios O a jqj;a lsis u ldka;djla
fuu mK; wj,x.= lrk g%Eïma ld¾ jev j¾ckhla .ek i`oyka fkdùu
,§' we;s úh' bka ch.;a lK.dgqjg lreKls'
kd.ßl lïlrejka jQ lïlrejka" tu iud.fï
v,ais o is,ajd
uq ø K" lr;a ; " ÿïß yd whs;slre jQ f*âßla
jrdh wd§ /lshdjka njqiagâ uy;d ms<s.ekSu
f,dal jD;a;Sh isñ;s
msßñkag muKla iSud ú i`oyd meje;a jQ W;aijfha iïfï,kfha
;sìKs' 1923 § ,xld § yqKqmsáfha tu,shd ydñ Wm iNdm;s

cd;Hka ; r ck;d
fi!LH jHdmdrfha
m%uqLfhla jQ;a wdishdkq
meismsla l,dmfha fi!LH
l%shdldÍ;aj fha
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iy iïnKaëldrljrhd
jQ;a" uydpd¾h fla'
nd,iqm%ukshï uy;d
miq . s h Èk wm w;ßka
fjka ù .sfha h' t;=udf.a
fjka ùu ck;d fi!LH
flfrys ie<ls,a,la
olajk ish¨ fokdf.a u
fYdalhg lreKla úh'
10 2011 uehs
yelshdjka" ,sx.sl uQ,hka
iy mka ; s h fkdi<ld
ish¨ fokdg yels by<u
uÜgfï fi!LH myiqlï
yd hyidOkhla w;a m;a
lr .ekSu uQ,sl udkj
whs;shls'
1978 w,a u d idgd
m%ldYkh ;=< .eí ù we;s
mßÈ" mD;=, f,i uQ,sl
fi!LH myiqlï iemhSfï
úYaj uQ, Oruhka
fi!LHg iïnkaO
m%;sm;a;s ieliSfï moku
úh hq ; = h ' fi!LH iy
fi!LH myiqlï i`oyd
wkA ljrodg;a jvd
iy;sl lsÍfï uQ,sl
j.lSula wdKavqj,g
;sfí'
is h ¨ fi!LH yd
iudc m% ; s m ;a ; S k a iy
jevms<sfj,j,a ieliSfï
§ l%shdjg ke.Sfï § iy
we.hSfï § ck;djf.a yd
ck;d ixúOdkj,
iyNd.S;ajh w;HjYH h'
fi!LH uQ,sl
jYfhka ;Skaÿ lrkq
,nkafka foaYmdk"
wd¾Ól" iudc iy
fN!;sl mßirh úisks'
idOdrK iy Ñria;dhS jQ
ixj¾Okhla o iu.
10 lg wêl ld,hla YS% úYaj úµd,fhka
,xldfõ ck;d fi!LH idhKsl T!IOfõoh
ixiofha l%shdud¾.h iïnkaOj mYapd;a Wmdê
Yla ; s u ;a lr .ekS u g äma f ,da u dj;a " 1970 §
wmg yels ù ;sfí' wdpd¾h Wmdêh;a ,nd
Y%S ,xldj ;=< fi!LH .;af;a h' tfuka tlai;a
fiajdj fm!oa.,SlrKhg cd;S k a f .a ixúOdkh g
Ndckh ùug tfrys j wh;a úúO jevigyka
ck;d fi!LH ixioh j,;a" úfoaY rgj;a lrkq
(PHM-peoples helth ,enQ fiajdjkaf.ka ;j
movement) f.k.sh ;j;a ck;djd§ fi!LH
wr.,fha § fu;=ukaf.ka fiajhl wjYH;djh iy
<o iydh b;du;a w.fka ta ms<sn`oj .; hq;= l%shd
h' ud¾. ms<n s `o ±kqu uqjy;a
ffjµ nd,iqm%ukshï lr.ekSug fu;=udg yels
uy;d 1926 hdmfka Wm; ùu buy;a fiajdjla
,nd .%dóh mdif,ka yd iemhS u g rel= < la úh'
03
uq¿ f,dalhu''''''''''
02 jeks msgqfjka
f.da,Sh WKqiqu
by<hdfï .eg¿jg ;ks
mqoa.,fhl= jYfhka Èh
yels jvd m,odhS úi`ÿu
jkafka rela frdamKhhs'
jkdka;r jeùu wvq jeä
ùu iDcqju jdhqf.da,Sh
lnka v fhdla i hs â wvq
jeä ùu flfrys n,mdkq
,nhs'
ish¨ wdldrfha rela
frda m k jevigyka yd
jkdka;r ixrlaIK
jHdmD;s i`oyd mQ¾K rdcH
wkq.%yh ,eìh hq;= w;r

wrefï lsu j`o fjk ysre iÈis ñksiia q ta i`oyd jk Okj;a

±kg f,dal fi!LH
ixúOdkh iy wfkl=;a
rdcHhka u.s k a w;yer
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l%shdud¾.h kej;
l%shdjg ke.sh hq;= hehs
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fi!Lh jHdmdrhg uq,a
îc imhk ,oafoa t;=uka
úisks' tu jev ms<sfj,
;=<ska ckhdf.a fi!LH
wdrla I d ls Í u mj;s k
wdKavqj, uQ,sl j.lSu h"
mj;sk iudc widOdrKh
u.ska we;eï ck fldgia
uQ , s l fi!LH m% j dyh
;=<ska wE;a fkd l< hq;=
h" ish¨ T!IO
i;aldrhka iQrd lEfuka
yd ,dNfhka f;drj
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h hk uQ,sl woyiaj,g
t;= u ka f .a wkq . % y h;a "
wkqn,h;a fkdwvqj
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ck;d fi!LH
m%{ma;shla f.dv
ke.Sug;a" ck;d fi!LH
jHdmdrhla cd;Hka;rj
Èh;a lsÍug;a m%uqL;ajh
foñka j¾I 2000 §
nx.,sfoaYfha vld kqjr
mj;ajk ,o ck;d
fi!LH iuq¿fõ m%Odk
ixúOdhlfhl= jYfhka
t;=ud bgql< ld¾h Ndrh
lemS fmkqks' tu iuq¿jg
iyNd.S jQ f,dal fi!LH
ixúOdkfha ysgmq
wOHlaIjreka jQ y,a*avma
uya,¾" fâúâ fidkavia"
i*are,a,d fp!oaß" fâúâ
f,d.a iy fm%ï a fcdaka hk
uy;ajreka w;r Tyq o
m%uqLfhla úh'
nx.,s f oa Y fha vld
kq j r meje;a jQ m% : u
ck;d fi!LH iuq¿fõ §
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fi!LH m%{ma;sfha
uQ,Oru u; ffjµ fla'
nd,iqm%ukshï uy;df.a
l%h
s dldÍ;ajh ieliqk nj
t;=ukaf.a Ôú;h flfrys
fufkys lrk l< wmg
uekúka fmkS hhs'
tu uQ,O¾u fuys,d
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uQ,O¾u
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ia ; % S mq r eINdjh" jhi
rgj,aj, ueÈy;aùu ±kg
jvd m,odhS whqßka
m% f hda c khg fhdod.;
1987 isg ffjµ hq;= h'
iqm%ukshï uy;d ldnka fj<`odu
HAI (Health
Action ms<sn`oj jeä jYfhka
ixj¾ê; rgj,a .eUqßka
International)
i<ldn,k fï wjÈfh
wdh;kfha WmfoaYl iy
ys f,dj mqrd jkdka;r
iïnkaëldrl jYfhka
l%shd lrkq ,eî h' ixrlaIKh yd kej;
uef,aYshdfõ mSkeka jk j.d we;s ls Í u
k.rfha msysá HAI flfrys Tjqkaf.a ±ä
uOHia : dkfha fia j h wjOdkh fhduq ù ;sfí'
lrkq ,enQ w;r" 2002 § jkdka;r iq/lSfï yd
tu ld¾Hd,h fld<Ug
kej; w;s lsÍfï
f.k tkq ,eî h' t;eka
m%Ó,dN iDcqju
mgka t;=uka Y%S ,xldfõ
mßirhg ,efí'
ck;d fi!LH ixiofha
kej; jk frdamkfha
ióm;u ñ;frl= njg
§ jvd;a ie<ls,a,g
m;a úh'
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fyf;u wOHdmk
mßirhg ydks fkdlrk
lafIa;h% ;=< nyqie% ;fhl=
foaYSh Ydl j¾. ta i`oyd
fuka u ck;dj iu.
fhdod.; hq ; = nj h'
fi!LH whs;sjdiSlï ,nd
l,l mgka foaYSh
.ekS f ï l% s h dOrfhl=
idOdrK jQ;a ck;d m%dfoaYSh" cd;sl iy miqj hdmfka uOH uyd jkdka ; rj,g f.j;=
f,i l%hd;aul ùfï §
iyNd.S;ja hla iys; ish¨ wka ; ¾cd;s l m% ; s m ;a ; s úµd,fhka wOHdmkh j,g y`ÿkajd fok we;eï
wfkla úoaj;=kag
wxY w;r wka;¾ ;Skaÿ lsÍfï § fï i`oyd ,eî h' bka miq úYa j Ydl j¾. mßir
WmfoaYlfhla n`ÿ úh'
iïnkaOhlska hq;= by< m%uqL;djhla ,eìh úµd, wOHdmkh ks u moa O ;s f ha úYu;d we;s
t;=ukaf.a wNdjh
m%fõYhla wjYH h' hq;= h' l< Tyqg uydpd¾h lrk nj mßirfõ§kaf.a
iïnkaOfhka fYdal
ck;djf.a jeh by; i`oyka fia k l ììf,a hgf;a o u;h hs'
jkakka w;r Y%S ,xldfõ
lsÍug we;s yelshdj wkqj m%;sm;a;sh u; l%shd;aul úYaj úµd, wpd¾h weflaYshd" hqle,smagia"
fukau cd;Hka;r
fkdj" Tjqkaf.a jk Y% S ,xldfõ ck;d jrfhl= jYfhka fiajh bms,a bms,a jeks m%fío
lafIa;%fha m%uqLhka
wjYH;djhg wkq l + , j fi!LH ixioh fu;=ud lsÍug ,eîu Tyqf.a ks i d mßir moa o ;s f ha
.Kkdjla fjhs'
.=Kd;aul fi!LH yd iïnkaO;d mj;ajkq ck;d ye.Sï ;j ;j;a ixlS¾K;d we;s ù ;sfnk
wmg ffjµ nd,d
fiajdjla" wOHdmkhla yd ,nkqfha vld iuq¿jg;a Woa§mkhg uy`.= nj fndfyd wh oks ; s '
jeo.;a jkafka uydpd¾h
wfkl=;a iudc fiajdjka fmr is g h' t;= u df.a wjia:djla jQ nj meyeÈ,s fujeks jHdl+,;d wju
jrfhl= jQ ksidu fkdfõ'
úYaj uÜgñka <`.dlr §u WmfoaYl;ajh u; jir h' 1968 § uekafpiag¾ lrkq msKsi kej; jk
ukq I Hfhl= jQ ks i do
j.d jHdmD;S k a i`oyd
uydpd¾h fla' nd,iqm%ukshï uy;d i`oyd l%shd;aul jHdmdrhkag;a uy;a fkdfõ' ffjµjrfhl= jQ
foaYSh Ydl j¾. fhdod
ck;d fi!LH jHdmdrh f.dv ke.+jka wysñ ùuls' ksido fkdfõ' Tyq
.ekSug ljqre;a Wkakÿ
w;r m%uL q fhla jYfhka l< fiajh b;d Tyq wiudk;djhg;a" mSä;Ndjhg;a ck;djd§ Ñka ; kfhka
úh hq;= h'
w.fka h' tfuka u 2000 isg Y%S ,xld tä;rj tfrys jQfjls' fyì i;a mqreIfhl=
f.da,Sh WKqiqu by<
ck;d fi!LH ixiohg Yla ; s u ;a ffjµ fnka ßfõrd fukau l%shdorfhl= o jQ
hdu iuia: udkj .eg¿
mokula iemhQ f jla h' uydpd¾h m% c d;ka ; % j doh i`oyd jQ fi!LH fyhska h' ffjµ nd,d
w;ßka uq,a ;ekg meñK
nd,df.a wNdjh ,xldjg muKla fkdj ixOdkh ñh .sh;a Tyq wmg Tyqf.a
;s f nk j;a u fkys " Bg
l,dmhg;a uq¿ f,dalhg;a ±fkk wysñ ck;d fi!LH iuq¿fõ fhdackdj Ñka;kh jia;=jla f,i
tfrysj .kq ,nk ish¨
ùula h' ñhhk ;=reu uydpd¾h nd,d nd,df.a isf;ys my, jQjls' ck;d b;dß fldg ;sfí'
l%shd u¾.j,g wm
l%shd;aulj inqoaêl T!IO m%;sm;a;shla fi!LH iuq¿fõ iy ck;d fi!LH tneúka Tyqf.a Ñka;kh
iyfhda.h m< l< hq;=
i`oyd;a" m%d:ñl fi!LH ixrlaIKh jHdmdrfha uq,a ld,h ;=< nd,d uOHu l%shdjg ke.Sug lemùu
fõ' wm bmfok" Ôj;a
i`oyd;a" frda.Skaf.a whs;sjdiSlï Èkd WmfoaYd;aul ldrHNdrhla bgqlrkq Tyqg f.!rj l< yels
jk" ñh hk fï uy
.ekSu Wfoid;a" wfkl=;a fi!LH .eg¨ ,eî h' ta u.ska wmg wysñ jQfha msh fyd`ou ud¾.hhs'
fmdf<dj wm ldg;a whs;s
iïnkaOj;a Wkkaÿfjka iyNd.S jQfjla ;= f uls ' wm Tyq f .a nq o a ê g;a bÈß t;= u ka f .a wjia k
ke;sjdla fuka u" wkd.;
h' miq.sh jir 10 ;=< Y%S ,xldfõ ck;d ±laug;a iod f.!rj lruq' lghq;= wfm%a,a 22 isl=rdod
mrïmrdj,aj, Ôú;
fi!LH ixioh Yla;su;a lsÍug iy fâúâ fidkav¾ia fnd/,a, lk;af;a § isÿ
iqrlaIs; lsÍfï j.lSu o
fhduq lsÍug uydpd¾h nd,d uy;df.a ol=Kq wm%sldj lrk ,§' t;=ukag wjika
wmi;= nj wu;l
u. fmkaùu;a {dkh;a uy`.= msgqjy,la f,da l fha oyia .Kka fi!LH f.!rjh ±la ù u i`oyd
fkdl< hq;= h'
úh' l%shdldÍkag fukau ug fuh uy;a jD;a;Sh iñ;s
ñys ; ,fha is h ¨
ffjµ úkHd wdßhr;ak wysñ ùuls' mj;skq ,nk iy ,eìh ksfhdað;hska" ck;djd§
iïm;a my, ù we;af;a
iïnKaëldrl ck;d fi!LH ixioh hq;= w;HjYH T!IO ÿmam;=ka fj; ,nd foa Y md,k kdhlhka "
wêlj mdßfndackh lr
ffjµ nd,df.a wNdjh PHM g yd §ug Tyq wmj fhduq lrkq ,eî h' Tyqg rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk
;ukaf.a flá Ôú;
wmg uy;a wysñ ùuls' Tyq fi!LH i`oyd wm ysikud f.!rj olajkafkuq' j, ks f hdð;hs k a " iy
ld,h ;=< wjika lsÍug
lrkq ,enQ wr.,h wmj Yla;su;a lrkq bland,a" bkaÈhdj cd;sl" cd;Hka;r fi!LH
fkdj wrms ß ueia f uka
,eî h' nd,d msfhl=f.a iajNdjh .;af;a l%shdOrhka /ila iyNd.S
lghq;= fldg wkd.;h
ydks firdÊ iy wdid i,dï h' tfukau úfYaI{fhla" l%shdorfhla jQy' wms uydpd¾h fla'
i`oyd o b;sß lÍug nj
ck;d fi!LH jHdmdrh lhsfrda yd WmfoaYlfhla úh' m<uq ck;d iqn%ukshï uy;dg isri
j;a u ka udkj mrmq r
m%cd;ka;%jdoh Wfoid jk fi!LH fi!LH iuq¿j meje;aùfï § fok ,o kud wdpdr lruq'
wjfndaO lr.kafka kï
ixOdkhg uy;a fõokdldÍ ;;a;ajhla iyNd.S;ajh uy`.= h' wmg wysñ jQfha
f.k fokakls' fuh we;a; jYfhkau kdhlfhlah' isßu,a mSßia fï ñys;,h jvd;a
wdrlaIs;" iqjodh ;ekla
fi!LH lafIa;%hg;a fi!LH whs;s h rù kdrdhka" bkaÈhdj le`ojqïlre - ck;d
fi!LH ixioh jkq we;'
 2011 uehs 11

kjl;d ldßhla yd ys;kafka@ ika;lhg .kakjd' jevla kE' b;sx ksoyi wo fyd`ou NdKavh wfma ñksiaiq ys;kafka
rEmjdyskS ;sr l;d ;reK ;reKshkag ,shd .kafka" hhs lshk ms%h mqoa.hd ;u ksoyig njg m;a fj,d ì;a;s by<g k.a.k tl
rÑldúhla jk ;=IdÍ ±laula ke;s fj,d" nhgfka' ta ksid uu wkqj lghq;= lrkak ;sfhkafka ldka;dj' ixjrOkh lsh,dfka'
wfífialr" iqÿ lmqre wruqKq ke;sfj,d lsh,d ys;kafka újdyh ´ku mq¿jka' tal iudcfha mq¿jka ;rka jev Bg jeäfhka úh hq;af;a
fm;s" isysk ¥ú,s" ,dnhs ysf;kjd' fmd;m; fohla fkfuhs' f;areï whg je/oaola úÈyg wrf.k" neß fjkfldg ñksiaiqkaf.a wdOH;añl
wem,a" ;srkQ¾" wimqjls ta lshj,d ,nd.;a; ±kqu wrf.k tla;eka fjÉp fmakjd' ;j úÈylska úislr,d odk uÜgug ixj¾Okh lsh,hs uu
wrK iy iafkayfha odiS kE' ta ksid wr fokafkla w;r f,dl= lshkjd kï je/oao wo ldka;dj m;a fj,d' ys;kafka' wfma rfÜ
hk kjl;d ,shd m, lr y;rjáka tk Èhqkqj ne`§ula ;snqfKd;a" lshk jpkh w¾: ldka;dfjda *eIka lr,d" fjñka ;sfhkafka
;sfí' weh úiska rpkd ksishdldrj mdúÉÑ fldf,al w;aika ±lafjkafka tla tala ìhqá l,ap¾ lr,d ukqIH;ajh my<g .uka
l< iqÿ lmqre fm;s kj lrkak fkdokakd lula lrkak ´fka kE' ñksyd f.a ±lau wkqj' <iaikg bkak ´fka lrñka ;sfhk fldg"
l;dj jif¾ fyd`ou kj wfma ;reK mrmqr ;=< t;fldg Èlalidoh uf.a ±laug wkqj lsh,d Tn ys;kjd o@ fudllafoda ydialulska
l;dj f,i fh!jk olskjd' tk tk foa .ek;a álla lsjqfjd;a@ T;kg uu je/oao lshk uq,skau ldka;dj fldkal%SÜ ixj¾Okhla
iïudkhg md;% úh' iqÿ jvd;a blaukska f;drd tafla jeo.;au jpkh wdfoaY lrkafka msßis`ÿj bkak ´fka' fjñka ;sfhkjd'
lmqre fm;s kj l;dj fírd fkdf.k ndr ldrKh ;sfhkafka kE' yeu ldka;djlau fi!LH" wOHdmkh"
weiqßka ks¾udKh jQ .ksñka bkakjd' fokafkla tla fj,d wo jk úg ckudOH yd <iaikhs' tal .ukd.ukh jf.a" rgl
fg,s jD;a;dka;h yenehs wmsg l<ska orefjla yeÿkg miafia ldka;dj w;r Wmam;a;sfhka f.kd jeo.;a fiajdjka
fldgia lsysmhla m%pdrh ;reK mrïmrdj yd Èlalido ùu wkqu; mj;skafka fudk jf.a <iaikla' nqoaêh" uki fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj;
jQ miq jdrKhg ,la jQ wfma ;reK ld,h .ek ÈhqKq lr.kak ´fka' újD;a; úh hq;=hs lsh,d
w;r miqj kej; m%pdrh ys;mqjyu fï wh W;=ï .=Kdx. ;sfhkak Tn ys;kjd o@
úh' f.dvdla jdikdjka;hs ´fka' ta wefrkak msg uu ys;kafka tajd
msßñhd;a .eyeksh;a lsh,d ysf;kjd' kuq;a fmd;a;g wdf,am .,ajk rch úiska imhk
Yla;sh w;ska iudkh ±ka ;dreKHhg ta tla fkfï <iaik fiajdjka f,i u
lshd Tn ys;kjd o@ jdikdj fudllao lshkafka' YdÍßl yd mj;skjdkï ;uhs
fcj úµd;aulj kï lsh,d f;dard.kak neß udkisl mú;%;djh ,xldj jf.a rglg
msßñhd .eyekshg wjdikdjl=;a ;sfhkjd' ;uhs ldka;djla iqÿiq lsh,d' tfyu
jeäfhka Yla;su;a ÈhqKqj ndr .kak ienEjg <iaik ;;ajhla ;=< ;uhs wfma
lsh,d lshkjd' Y%uh fkdokakdlu ksid ysia lrkafka' rfÜ ñksiqkaf.a Ôú;h
je.sÍu me;af;ka ;reK msßila ta ;=< ldka;djka foaYmd,ksl óg jvd <iaik lrkak
.;a;yu msßñhd ks¾udKh fjñka úh hq;=hs lsh,d Tn mq¿jka fjkafka' wo jk
bosßfhka bkakjd jf.a' mj;skjd' whdf,a hk ys;kjd o@ úg;a ÿmam;a ñksiaiq
kuq;a udkisl w;ska .;shla ;uhs fmakafka' bÈßhg weú;a lE fndfydauhla wkka;
.;a;yu ldka;dj wdorh .ek fudlo .y,d" fmdaiag¾ .y,d mSvdjg m;afj,d bkafka
bÈßfhka bkakjd lsh,d ysf;kafka@ Th lrk tlkï fï fm!oa.,sllrKh
;uhs ug lshkak tfyu tlla ke;s foaYmd,kh fkfuhs' ksid' úfYaIfhka
;sfhkafka' ;rï' wdof¾ ;sfhkafka wms olskjd m%dfoaYSh fi!LH jf.a lafIa;%hla
iuyr m%Yakj, § wïud ;d;a;d .dj iNdj," k.r iNdj," iïnkaOfhka n,oaÈ ta
yq`.dla fj,djg uu ú;rhs' orejka ta whf.a m<d;a iNdj, ;;ajh b;du oreKqhs'
±l,d ;sfhkjd nqoaêu;a YÍrfha fldgila jk ldka;dfjd bkakjd' iuyr mÍlaIK"
lsh,d ys;k msßñ mjd ksid t;k mqÿudldr wfma rfÜ ckdêm;s tafyu;a ke;akï
m%YAkj, § f,dl=jg wOHd;añl ne`§ula ;k;=fr;a" w.ue;s fnfy;a j¾. .kak
l,n, fjkjd' ;sfhkjd' ta wefrkak ;k;=fr;a ldka;djka neßj uefrkak wermq
ldka;dj lkaola jf.a
fï uyd nr ordf.k iuyr udOH lrefjda yeisfrkafka ÿmam;a ñksiaiq wkka;j
wfma rfÜ bkakjd' yeu

j`ÿrg ±,s msyh

s wyq jqkd jf.a
;ukaf.a j.lSï yels iemlau" yeu fyd`o
mukska lrf.k hkjd' fnfy;lau" hka;%
f.or fodf¾ m%Yak iQ;%hlau fm!oa.,sl
w.ys`.lï fï ish,a, f,dafla fldfyaj;a lrkak nE' ta ksid iïnkaOhla o@ ysáhd' fyd`o ±laulska frday,aj,g tla frdla
ne,kaia lrf.k jev wdorh lshk tl orefjda ,efnkak l<ska wfma rfÜ hq;= orejka jo,d yo,d fjñka ;sfhkjd' rcfha
lrf.k hkjd' talhs ;sfhkjd lsh,d uu .e,fmkafka kE lsh,d nyq;rhla ldka;dfjda fï rgg f,daflg odhdo frdy,a jefiñka
uu lshkafka udkislj olskafka kE' ;sfhkafka y`ÿkdf.k fjkfj,d .DyKsfhda' t<sfha / lrk ldka;dj ;uhs mj;skjd' tal fï msg;
ldka;dj bkafka wdl¾Ykhla muKhs' hk tl jákjd' kuq;a lshdj,a lrk wh kshuu foaYmd,kh ixj¾Ok l%ufha ;sfhk
fndfydau bÈßfhka talg wdof¾ lshk wfma rfÜ kï isoao .;a;yu;a ta whg lrkafka' ke;=j úYd, je/oaola'
lsh,d' jpfka mdúÉÑ lrk fjkafka msgg fmakak W.;alu ;snqKg nqoaêh md¾,sfïk;=fõ rfÜ mj;sk ixialD;sl
,xldfõ ldka;djkag tl;a jerÈhs' wdof¾ ´fka ksid fldfydu w;ska ÈhqKq kE' nqoaêu;a ldka;dfjda ysáh;a lrk ;;ajh ;=< ldka;dj
Ôj;aùug ;rï hym;a lshkafka Bg jvd yß lidoh mj;ajd.kak ldka;djg fï ckudOH fohla kEfka' ysñlrf.k ;sfhk ;ek
iudc" wd¾Ól" f.dvdla ÿßka ;sfhk ´fka jf.a fohla' talhs .ek fyd`o jegySula rfÜ m%;sm;a;s yefok fudk jf.a lsh, o Tn
foaYmd,ksl jgmsgdjla fohla' uu l<ska lSfõ újdyh ;sfhkjd' thd okakjd ;ek md¾,Sfïka;=jfka" ys;kafka ^idys;Hh"
;sfhkjd lsh,d Tn l,a hkak hkak ta lshk tlla wjYHu kE ckudOHfhka fudkjo t;k bkafka msßñ kegqï" .ehqï" jehqï" Ñ;%"
ys;kjd o@ wdl¾Ykfha mj¾ia wvq lsh,d' flfrkak ´fka lsh,d' ú;rlaukx ta wh ;Skaÿ iskudj yd kdgHh
uu ys;kafka kE fjkfldg ta wdof¾ lido ne`omqjyu fudk kuq;a ±ka ckudOH .kafka ta whg ´k ´k iïnkaOfhka&
f,daflu tfyu we;s ke;sj hkjd' ta ksihs m%Yak ;snqK;a orefjd fudkjo lrñka yeáhgfka' ta ksid t;k fï lshk
lsh,d' tfyu neß uu wdof¾ kE lsh,d yodf.k fyd`oka bkak bkafka' wr ux lshmq ldka;djkaf.a úkokd;aul foaj,a
;;ajhla ;sfhkjdkï lshkafka' yenEjg ´fka lsh,d lshmqjyu" W.;alu muKla we;s ksfhdackhla ;sìh hq;=hs w`ÿrdf.k bkafka yß
ldka;dj;a ta ;;ajhg wdof¾ lrkak mq¿jka tafla jeä nrla" ÿlla ldka;dfjda fï udOH fkao@ úÈyg fkuhs lsh,d
hï muKlg j. fjkafka fN!;sl Wyq,kak fjkafka ;=< w;rux fj,d wfma rfÜ ±ka bkak ysf;kjd' udOHj,
lshkak ´fka' fudlo foaj,aj,g we,au wvq" ldka;djg fka o@ ;sfhkafka' wo udOHfha ldka;dj t;kg .shdg ;sfhk ckm%sh
ldka;dj lshkafka wOHd;añlj Èhqkq fjÉÑ Tjq" msßñhdg Th 60]lg;a jeäfhka jevla fjkafka kE' jevigykaj,g orejkaj
wïud flfkla' wïu,d whg ú;rhs' lshk ldrfKa .ek ;sfhkafka krl foa' t;kg hkak l,ska thd olalf.k hk wïu,dj
;uhs orefjda yokafka' újdyh .ek fudlo ye`.Sula ke;akï yq`.dla udOHlska fudkjd yß f.dvdla nqoaêu;a úh wms ks;r olskjd'
ta wrejkaf.ka ;uhs" ys;kafka@ wysxil ldka;dfjda ta m%pdrh lrk ;rug taj hq;=j ;sfnkjd' ke;=j tfyu wefrkak
iudch yefokafka' ta tal kï b;du ;=< w;rux fjkjd' 90] ms<s.kak wh jeähs' fï bkak ldka;dj nyq;rhla ldka;djkag
ksid wïu,d g fï ixlS¾K ldrKhla lau wïu,d ;uhs wksl ;uhs wfma rfÜ t;kg .sh;a lrkafka muKla fkdfjhs"
iudch ye§fï j.lSula ;uhs' lidoh lshk tl orejkaf.a nr lrg udOHlrejka yd udOH wr msßñ lrk álu msßñkag;a tfyu ÈhqKq
;sfhkjd' úh hq;=u fohla úÈyg wrf.k lrkafka' kuq;a wh;k ck;djg ;uhs' ixialD;sl Ôú;hla kE'
kuq;a iudcfha ;;a;ajh uu olskafka kE' tfyu ord.kak lsh,d j.lshk wh fkdfjhs' kuq;a ta wh kuq;a ta foaj,aj,ska
krlkï wmg thska ñksiaiq yodf.k ljqre;a wehg lsh,d ckudOH u.ska ldka;dj okakjd ldka;djka ñksiaiq fmdfydi;a kï
úhqla; fj,d bkak ;sfhkjdfka iudc kE' t;k ;sfhkafka úkdY lrñka bkakjd l=iaisfha lrk wr.,h ;uhs rgla yenEjg
mq¿jka lula ,efnkafka l%uhla' ta ;=< ñksiaiq udkqISh ye`.Sï' ta ksid jf.auhs" thdg fudkjd fldhs jf.ao lsh,d' ta;a ixj¾Okh fjkjd
kE fka o@ tl tl kS;s Í;s wfma rfÜ ldka;dfjda yß je/oaola jqkyu ta ±kqu ta wh mdúÉÑ lsh,d lshkafka iy
wfh;a lshkak ks¾udKh lr.kakjd' ;ukaf.a orejka tal;a uyd f,dl=jg lrkafka w;kg hkak udkqYSh ye`.Sï ;sfnk
;ssfhkafka iudcfha hï újdy fjkjd lshkafka fjkqfjka ´ku ÿlla iudcfha je/oaola úÈyg ú;rhs' ldka;djla wfma ñksiaiq ;j ;j;a ìys
whym;la krlla fokafkla ta neïu" ord.kak yqre fj,d fmkajkjd' uu l<sx rfÜ ckdêm;sksh fjkfka' orejkaf.a is;a
isoaOfjñka ;sfhkjd úiajdih È.gu ;sfhkjd' lsjqjd ;dlaIKfha jqkyu" yefudau ys;=jd ;=< j;a ta yenE
kï" talg ñksiaiqu ;shdf.k bkakj lshk lido nekaog miafia ÈhqKqj wms jerÈ úÈyg rfÜ ldka;djf.a ixialD;sl foaj,a
;uhs j.lshkak ´fka' tlg' kuq;a újdy fjk msßñ wh jerÈ lrkjd o@ ndr wrx ;sfhkafka me;af;ka úYd, jev ìysfjkak fkd§ fudg
hldf.a yeáhg úudfka ojfiu ;uhs wúiajdih ñksid lshkafka lsh,d' tal udOHg fldgila fjhs lsh,d' lr,d' wms msg;ska Èÿ<k
lsh,d lshkjdfka' lshk tl mgka .kafka' ksoyi w.h lrk fyd`ogu wod,hs' wo kuq;a tfyu fohla foaj,a j,g Tjqkaj yqre
;dreKHhg ,xldfõ Èrk fldf,al w;aika if;la' wr ux l,sx udOH lrefjda jqfka kE' lrñka bkakjd'
;sfhkafka fldhsjf.a ;sh,d zTkak uu WUj lSjd jf.a ta ñksid yeisfrkafka j`ÿrg ±<s ixj¾Okh .ek Tfí igyk
bvlvla lsh, o ,shd.;a;dZ lsh,d ;uka tlal .súiqï .y,d msysh wyq jqkd jf.a' woyi fudlla o@ m%d¾;kd rKisxy
 08 2011 fmnrjdß

2012 uehs Èk fm<md<shg .ymq fnf¾l=;a ke;

fnf¾ m¿jl=;a ke;
wo jk úg f.j;= j.dj" lDIs jk j.dj" mdßißl

wfma rfÜ lïlrefjda lS f.dú;ek ms<sn`oj rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk

lafIa;h% muKla fkdj fm!oa.,sl wxYh o wjOdkh fhduq
lr ;sfí' fujeks ixl,amhka furg kj uqyKjrlska

fofkla isákq we;a o@

fï uehs udihhs' we;s iQrdlEï" .g¨ fkdj weÜá yef,kakg
y`ÿkajd§fï f.!rjh ,xldfõ úúO m<d;aj, l%shd;aul
jk rdcH fkdjk ixúOkj,g;a tajdfha l%shdldÍkag;a
ysñ úh hq;= h'
lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j m%uqL rcfha cd;sl
uehs udih wdrïN iy.; ;eka udlaiajdoh .ek okakd lDIsld¾ñl l%shdj,sh wkq.ukh lrñka isákafka lDñkdYl" j,a kdIl" lD;%su
jkafka cd;Hka;r y`ÿkd.kakg fkdyels jfï kdhlhskag o fmdydr" jeä ÈhqKq l< îc yd hka;% iQ;% Ndú;fhka isÿlrk lDIsld¾ñl
lïlre Èkfhks' úúO jk wdlrfha wdl¾YkSh lïlrejka j jevms<sfj, h' fndfyda rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk úiska m%j¾Okh lrñka isák
iudc l%uhka miq iudc Ndú;djka Tjqka y`ÿkd.kakg fkdyels ù lDIsl¾uh kï mdßir ys;ldó f.dú;ekhs' .eñ NdIdfjkau lshkjdkï" f;,a
lrñka meñKs f,dal bÈßfha ;sfnhs' ta ksid wkao ukaoj isák njla fnfy;a mdúÉÑhla ke;s f.dú;ek hs' lDIslru lafIa;h % g yjq,a ù isák fm!oa.,sl
b;sydifha udlaiajdoh fyda fjk;a fmfkkakg ;dfí' wdh;k fndfydauhla tlaflda lDñkdIl" j,a kdIl yd fmdfydr wf<ú lrk
lïlrejkaf.a iajrEmh" ÈhqKq foaYmd,k iuyr lïlre wdh;khka h' ke;skï lDIs WmlrK fyda fiajdjka imhk wdh;khka h'
whs;sjdiSlï úúOdldr Ñka;dj,shla fyda fulS kdhlfhda wdKavqfõ flfia fj;;a fï ;= k a f .d,a , u ,xldfõ lDIs l ¾udka ; hg úúO
úh' iuyr whs;sjdiSlï ;reK m%cdjg m%;s,dN ys`.ñka m%udKhkaj,ska n,mEï lrñka isáhs' kuq;a lK.dgqjg ldrKh jkafka mßirhg
Èkd.ekSu i`oyd iuyr wduka;%Kh lsÍug wdKavqfõ fydrKEjka ù ys;e;s ñksidg fukau i;d isjqmdjdg;a ys;e;s ÈhqKq lDIsl¾udka;h ms<sn`o ck;dj
lïlrejka" lïlre wjYH ù we;s ld,hls isák ieá;a" iuyr Wkkaÿ lsÍug lghq;= lrñka isák rdcH fkdjk wxYfha ueÈy;a ùu rgg ±fkk
kdhlhska Ôú; fï' kuq;a Tjqka jfï kdhlhska uÜgul fkdmej;Su h' wm okakd mßÈ" wid we;s mßÈ fï mdßißl lDIsl¾udka;h
mß;Hd.fhka lghq;= wdl¾Ykh lr .ekSfï iqkdñfhka wj;eka jQjd furg ck;dj ;=< Wkkaÿ lsÍu i`oyd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk fndfyduhla oYl
lf<a h' tjeks foaYmd,k fia isák yeá;a follg wdikak ld,hla ;siafia furg ;=< ls%hd;aul ù we;;a" ;ekska ;ek l=vd
úúOdldr l%shdj,shla fyda fmfkkakg ;sfnhs' fudâ,a *dï lsysmhla yd mdßißl f.dùka lsysm fofkl= muKls ìys ù we;af;a'
cd;Hka;r Èk ;snqK;a o¾Ykhla fmfkk fï oDYHudkhka wmg .ymq fnf¾l=;a ke;' fnf¾ m¿jl=;a ke;' lshd ta foa .ek l;d lsÍu kj;ajkjdg
ta w;ßka cd;Hka;r f;la udkhl kej; kej;;a lshkafka jvd ta .ek úfõpkd;aul l;d nyla wdrïN lrkafka kï th ldg;a jeo.;a úh
lïlre Èkh jeo.;a fydhd.kakg ke;' h,a mek .sh jfï yels h'
jkafka ksrka;rfhka ,dxlSh iudch ;=< kdhlhska fjkqjg kj wfkla w;g rdcH wxYfha wld¾hlaIu;djhka ms<sn`oj uyck;dj;a
ydïmq;=ka úiska Èfkka Èk crdjg hk jdudxYsl mrmqrl rdcHfkdjk wdh;k;a b;d Wkkaÿfjka l;d lrhs' tajd .ek wjOdkfhka lghq;=
lïlrejka j foaYmd,ksl wjfndaOh wjYH;djhhs' lsÍu fukau" ;u ;uka iudch fjkqfjka bgq lrk ld¾h Ndrhka j.lSfuka
yelsmuK iQrd lEug yd Ndú;dfjys rfÜ md,l mlaIh hq;=j bgq lsÍug;a j.lSula we;s nj Tjqkag wu;l ù we;a;d fia h'
mdßißl lDIsl¾udka;h f.dvke.Su iïnkaOfhka ukao.dó f,i rdcH
fkdjk wxYh l%shdlrñka isák w;r" ta jgd talrdYS jQ .%dóh msßila ta ukao.dó
iajrhg ;d, w,a,ñka isáhs' idudkHfhka tajdg iïnkaoj isák .%dóh msßia" ta
ukao.dó úfï jro rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk fj; oud .ik w;r rdcH fkdjk
ixúOdk l%shdldÍkaf.a woyi õkafka" ñksiaiq Wkkaÿfjka jev fkdlrk nj h'
fï
fof.d,a, b;du;a ;SrKdul yd jeo.;a úIhhla ms<sn`oj fufia lU wÈñka isák
w;r lDñkdYl" j,akdYl" lD;su % fmdfydr" hkaf;%dm
a lrK yd fiajdjka fnodyßk
iud.ï ,ldfõ wdKavqj yd tl;= ù fï rfÜ fmdf<dj;a" mßirh;a" uyckhd;a
úkdY lrñka isáhs'
îc iud.ï úiska uyd mßudKfhka jeäÈhqkq l< îc ^jeä ÈhqKq l< îc
f,i fj<`o fmdf,a we;s îc j¾. j.d lr ta m, j,ska ,nd .kakd îc j,ska
kej; iY%Sl" ke;fyd;a m, ork Ydlhla ,nd.; fkdyel& ksmojñka tajd uyd
mßudKfhka fnodyßñka isáhs' ta jevms<sfj, bÈßfha § ;j ;j;a j¾Okh jkjd
ñil wj j¾Okh ùula isÿ fkdjkq we;' fkdfnda Èklskau ,xldjg wdfõksl jQ
ngq" ñßia" ;lald,s jeks t,j¿ j¾. muKla fkdj wU" fodvï we;=¿ m,;re
j¾.;a foaYSh ù j¾.;a ke;a;gu ke;s ù hkq we;'
lDñkdYl j,akdYlj,ska uy fmdf<djg mßirhg flfrñka ;sfnk ydksfha
m%;sm, fï jkúg;a uyje,s l,dmfhka jd¾;d fjñka ;sfnhs' tl .fï" tl
mjqf,a fokakd ;=kafokdf.a jl=.vq krla ù Tjqka ñh hñka isáhs' tajdg úúO
fya;+ka we;s nj ckudOHfhka m%isoaO lrñka isáh o" m%Odk fya;=j jk lDñkdYl"
j,akdYl yd lD;s%u fmdfydr wêlj Ndú; lsÍu ms<sn`oj ljqre;a l;d lrkafka
ke;' l;d lrk whf.a ixfla; jev o ta wys;lr ;;a;j a hka ÿr,Su i`oyd m%udKj;a
ke;'
bÈßfha § we;súh yels uyd wdydr w¾nqohla ms<sn`oj rcfha wjOdkh
fhduq ù ;sfí' kuq;a rch úiska Èh;a lr ;snQ zwms jjuq rg k.uqZ jHdmD;sh o rdcH
2012 jif¾ § j;a wvqu rcfha ish¨ Yla;Ska fkdjk wdh;k úiska lrf.k hk f.j;= jHdmD;sj,g fkdfojks úh' fidavd
,lalrk ksid;a ;rfï uehs m<uq jk fhdojd lïlrejkaf.a fnda;,h levqjd fia u;= jQ jHdmD;sh Wmka f.hsu ñh .shd n`ÿ h' ±ka rch úiska
lïlrejkaf.a Èh;a lr we;af;a zÈú ke.=uZ jHdmD;sh hs' tu jHdmD;sfha f.j;= jevigyka i`oyd
odg udihlgj;a uehs Èkh ;ukaf.a
whs;sjdiSlï Èkd.ekSfï uehs Èkhla lr .ksoa § wjYH îc o fm!oa.,sl iud.ï fj;ska ,nd .kakg Tjqkag isÿjkq fkdwkqudk h'
§ Tjqkaf.a
l<sfhka y,a y;a;g
leä ì`§ úisÍ isák jfï lïlrefjda ;ukaf.a " rfÜ wdydr ksIamdokh i`oyd ±kg wkq.ukh lrk ndysr fhojQï iy;" mßir
tluq;=Ndjfha Yla;sh ;u orejkaf.a oyil=;a ysl;dó fkdjk" iud.ï ys;ldó lDIsl¾uh fuys § o m%j¾Okh jkq we;'
fmkaùu jeo.;a jk lKavdhï" mqoa.,hska yd
m%Yak wu;l lr oud ta fujeks wjia:dj,aj, § mdßißl lDISl¾udka;h ms<sn`o ±kqu we;s
ksid h' nyqck ixúOdk talrdYS úoaj;=kfa .a ueÈy;a ùfuka rcfha lDIsld¾ñl jevms<f s j,j, mßir ys;ldó Èidjg
miafika hkakg ;rï
f,dal b;sydifha lr lïlrejdf.a Yla;sh ksjg ù we;af;a keUqre lsÍug lgqh; q = lsÍu wjYH h' .%dóh uÜgfï ck;dj o wdKavf q õ jevms<fj,
úúO hq. j, § fmkajk uehs Èk / wfklla ksid fkdj ta yeáhg u ndr .kakjd fjkqjg tajdf.a .=Kfodia ms<sn`oj úfõpkhlska tajd
lïlrejkaf.a iajNdjh <shla yd W;aijhla ,xlSh foaYmd,kh ;=< ndr .ekSu;a wjxlj l%shd;aul lsÍu;a jeo.;a h' kuq;a ta uÜgug ck;dj ±kqj;a
úúO uqyqKqjr .;a w;r ljqreka fyda ixúOdkh jdudxYsl foaYmd,k lrkakg;a oYl follg wêl ld,hla furg úúO m<d;aj, mßir ys;ldó
jr;udkfhys Tjqkaf.a lrkafka kï uekú kdhl;ajfha u,.u lDIsl¾uh m%p,s; l< wdh;kj,g mqoa.,hskag fkdyels ú ;sfí'
iajNdjh fnfyúka ne?reïlu f;areï igyka fjñka mj;sk mdßißl lDIsl¾udka;h yd ziq¿ mßudK f.dùka k.d isgqùfuka f,dal
ixlS¾K ù ;sfí' wo .kakg" jir lsysmhl ksid h' wdydr m%Yakh úi`Èh yelshZ hehs rdcH fkdjk lafIa;%fhka bÈßm;a jk woyi
ld,fha lïlrejd isg fujr uehs Èkh tneúka 2012 b;d jeo.;a tlls'
ljqrekao" md,lhd olajd uehs Èk fm<md<s jif¾ § j;a wvqu ir, iudc l%uhla meje;s ld,fha ,xldj jeks rgj,a wdydr w;ska
ljqrekao" md,s;hd ksÍlaIkh lsÍu u ;rfï uehs m<uq jk iajhfmdaIs; jQfha o tjeks lDIsld¾ñl Ndú;djka ;=<sks' kuq;a w;sYhska ixlS¾K
ljqrekao hkak m%udKj;a h' ta crdÔrK odg udihlgj;a ù we;s wo iudc wd¾Ól foaYmd,ksl rgdj ;=< yd ck.yKh Èfkka Èk j¾Okh
iudcfhka u;=lr nfõ WÉp;u wjia:djg l<sfhka y,a y;a;g fjk ;;ajhla ;=< tjeks jevms<sfj,lska f,dal wdydr m%Yakh ch .; yels o hk
y`ÿkd.ekSu wjYH h' wdikak wjia:dj fujr leä ì`§ úisÍ isák ldrKh ms<sn`oj hul= ;=< l=l=ila my< úh yels h'
fndfyda ;reK m%cdjka uehs Èk fm<md<s j, § jfï lKavdhï" fuf;la fï ixlS¾K rgdj i`oyd wydr ksIamdokh lsÍug ±kg wkq.ukh
;ukaf.a ld,h" Y%uh" fyd`Èkau olakg ,enqKs' mqoa.,hska yd nyqck flfrk uyd mßudK lDIsld¾ñl jevms<sfj,g ^yß; úma,jh u.ska y`ÿkajd ÿka&
±kqu jeh lrñka lïlre whs;sjdiSlï ixúOdk talrdYS ù fkdyls ù we;s nj o fmfkkakg ;sfí' id.skak ksid" wdyr ys`.lu ksid f,dj
udislj fidÉpï uqo,la b,a,d fm<md<s hkakg lïlrejdf.a Yla;sh mqrd ñksiqka oyia .Kkska ñh hkafka tneúks'
,nk kuq;a' iudc l%uh u;af;ka ;uka fmkajk uehs Èk / cd;sl uÜgñka iq¿ mßudK lDIslrudka;h k.disgqjd wdydr ms<sn`o m%YaKh
;=< Tjqka isák w¾nqoh lïlrejl= nj lï <shla yd W;aijhla ksrdlrKh lrkakg ta ms<sn`oj Wkkaÿjk wdh;k yd mqoa.,hskag rfÜ wdydr
f;areï .ekSug ;rï lrejd ±kf.k isáh ljqreka fyda ixúOdkh ksYamdok wêldÍ n,h ál l,lg fyda ndr lsÍug rch l%shd lrkafka kï
foaYmd,k ±kqfuka hq;= h' ,xldfõ lrkafka kï uekú' jeo.;a h'
ikakoaO fkdfjhs' lïlrejka ta nj m%shkað;a wdf,dalnKavdr
;uka Ôj;ajk iudcfha fkdokakjd muKla frdydka iurkdhl

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