HUM200: CH 7 Example Key

Page 222 – 3

All artificial satellites are important scientific achievements; therefore

some important scientific achievements are not American inventions,
inasmuch as some artificial satellites are not American inventions.

Keyword (conclusion indicator): therefore

Subject – important scientific achievements

Predicate – American inventions

Reorder (and rephrase) into a standard form categorical syllogism

Some artificial satellites are not American inventions.

All artificial satellites are important scientific achievements.
Therefore some important scientific achievements are not American
inventions.

Some M is not P: All M is S; Some S is not P => OAO-3

Page 225 – 7

Some pediatricians are not specialists in surgery, so some general

practitioners are not pediatricians, since some general practitioners
are not specialists in surgery.

Some mammals are not house pets, so some dogs are not mammals,
since some dogs are not house pets.

Reordered statements with conclusion last (S and P) following

structured order for phrase with P(and M) first and phrase with S (and
M) second and then the conclusion phrase with S & P.

Some mammals are not house pets. Type ‘O’ P-M

Since some dogs are not house pets. Type ‘O’ S-M
QED Some dogs are not mammals. Type ‘O’ S – P => Figure
2

Invalid Argument: OOO-2 is not one of the 15 valid Categorical

Syllogisms on page 250.

Page 235 – I.4

AOO-4
All P is M
Some M is not S
∴ Some S is not P
Invalid Argument (The “A” in the Venn Diagram below should be an
“S”)

Page 236 – II.2

Some philosophers are mathematicians; hence some scientists are

philosophers, since all scientists are mathematicians.

Reordered (conclusion keyword): hence

Some philosophers are mathematicians Type I P-M

All scientists are mathematicians Type A S-M
∴ Some scientists are philosophers Type I S – P =>
Figure 2

IAI-2 Invalid Argument

If the scientists are in the red group = > no scientists are philosophers.

Page 244 –II. 8

Some diamonds are not precious stones.

Some carbon compounds are diamonds.
Therefore some carbon compounds are not precious stones.

Some M is not P Type O

Some S is M Type I
Some S is not P Type O First Figure

OIO-1: Not Valid

The middle term M is not distributed (refer to Page 188) in either

premises 1 or 2.

Breaks Rule 2 – Undistributed Middle.