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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 3
MAIN COMPONENTS OF MPFI
4
• AIR INTAKE SYSTEM 5
• FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM
6
• ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM 8
WORKING OF MPFI
11
SENSORS USED IN MPFI 12
ADVANTAGES OF MPFI
14
CONCLUSION 15
REFRENCES
15
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MPFI
1. INTRODUCTION
Petrol vehicles uses device called carburetor for supplying the air
fuel mixture in correct ratio to cylinders in all rpm ranges. due to
construction of the carburetor is relatively simple, it has been used almost
exclusively on gasoline engines in the past. However in response to recent
demands for cleaner exhaust emission, more economical fuel consumption,
improved drivability, etc., the carburetor now must be equipped with
various compensating devices, making it more complex system.
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not only in better ‘power balance’ amongst the cylinders but also in higher
output from each one of them, along with faster throttle response. The
electronic fuel injection system supplies the combustion chambers with
air/fuel mixture of optimized ratio under widely varying driving
conditions.
a. Throttle body
. The throttle body consists of the main bore, air bypass passage and the
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MPFI
a. Fuel pump
The electrical fuel pump located on the fuel tank consists of armature,
magnet, impeller, brush, check valve etc.The ECM controls its operation.
When the power is supplied to the fuel pump, the motor in the pump runs
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c. Injector
Each cylinder has one injector. Which is installed between the intake
manifold delivery pipe. It is an electromagnetic type injection nozzle,
which injects fuel into the intake port of the cylinder head according to the
signal from ECM. When the solenoid coil of the injector is energised by
ECM, it becomes an Electro magnet and attracts the plunger. At the same
time, the ball valve which is incorporated with the plunger opens and the
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injector which is under the fuel pressure injects fuel. As the lift stroke of
the ball valve of the injector is set constant, the amount of fuel injected at
one time is determined by the length of the time during which the solenoid
is energized
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MPFI
injects fuel into each intake port of the cylinder head. In this system ECM
controls the time and timing of the fuel injection from the fuel injector into
the cylinder head intake port according to the signals from the various
sensors so that suitable air/fuel mixture is supplied to the engine in each
driving condition. The factors to determine the injection time are the basic
injection time which is calculated on the basis of the engine speed and the
intake manifold pressure and various compensation which are determined
according to the signals from various sensors that detect the state of the
engine and driving conditions.
This system controls the bypass airflow by means of ECM & lAC valve
for the following purposes. To keep the engine idle speed as specified at
all times. The engine idle speed can vary due to load applied to engine, to
improve starting performance of the engine to compensate air fuel mixture
ratio when -decelerating, to improve drivability while engine is warmed
up. lAC valve operates according to duty signal sent from ECM. ECM
detects the engine condition by using the signals from various signals and
switches and controls the bypass airflow by changing lAC valve opening.
When the vehicle is at a stop, the throttle valve is at the idle position and
the engine is running, the engine speed is kept at a specified idle speed.
ECM controls ON/OFF operation of the fuel pump by turning it ON, the
fuel pump relay under any of the conditions. For two seconds after ignition
switch ON. While cranking engine (while engine start signal is inputted to
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MPFI
most suitable electric current flow time and ignition timing for that
engine and vehicle conditions from among those Prestored in its memory
and sends an ignition signal to the igniter in ignition coil assembly.
Controls of this system include three different types as follows. Ignition
timing control at engine start, ignition timing control after engine start,
electric current flow time control.
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MPFI
electronic control system for its functions include not only such a major
function as to control fuel injector, lAC valve, fuel pump relay, etc. But,
also on-board diagnostic system (self-diagnosis function) and fail-safe
function.
WORKING OF MPFI.
ECM diagnosis troubles which may occur in the area including the
following parts when the ignition switch is ON and the engine is running,
and indicates the result by turning on or flashing malfunction indicator
lamp (CHECK ENGINE LIGHT)
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MPFI
areas of electronic fuel injection system; is free from any trouble after the
engine start while engine is running. Malfunction indicator lamp turns
OFF. When ECM detects a trouble which has occurred in the above areas,
it makes malfunction indicator lamp turn ON while the engine is running
to warn the driver of such occurrence of trouble and at the same time is
stores the trouble area in ECM back-up memory. The memory is kept as it
is even if the trouble was only temporary and disappeared immediately.
And it is not erased unless the power to ECM is shut off for specified time
60 sec. or longer. ECM also indicates trouble area in memory by means of
flashing of malfunction indicator lamp at the time of inspection.
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MPFI
This sensor senses pressure change in the intake manifold and converts it
into voltage Change. It consists of a semi-conductor type pressure
converting element, which converts a pressure change into an electrical
change and, an electronic circuit which amplifies and corrects the electric
change. The ECM sends a 5-volt reference voltage to the pressure sensor.
As the manifold pressure changes, the electrical resistance of the sensor
also changes By monitoring the sensor output voltage ,ECM knows the
manifold pressure, ECM uses the voltage signal from the pressure sensor
as one of the signals to control fuel injector.
The throttle position sensor is connected to the throttle valve shaft on the
throttle body, and detects throttle valve opening, the throttle opening is
detected by the potentiometer. A 5-volt reference Voltage is applied to the
sensor from ECM and as Brush moves over the print resistance according
to the throttle valve opening, the output voltage varies accordingly. By
monitoring sensor output voltage, ECM detects the throttle valve opening.
ECM uses the signal from TP sensor as one of the signals to control
various devices.
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MPFI
Located on the air cleaner outlet hose, this sensor constantly measures the
Temperature of the air entering there and converts a change in the air
temperature
Into that in resistance through its thermistor. That is, as is temperature
lowers, resistance increases and as it rises, resistance decreases. As air
density of the intake air varies with Variation in temperature, ECM, by
monitoring the resistance, adjusts the amount of fuel injection according to
the air temperature
5 Oxygen sensor
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MPFI
The sensor is mounted on the sensor case (distributor less ignition case) on
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tile camshaft let side for distributor less ignition vehicle and other vehicles
on the distributor. The signal rotor is press-fitted onto the camshaft
(distributor less ignition vehicle) and other vehicles on the distributor
shaft. As the sensor has a built-in hall element and a waveform forming
circuit, it converts changes in the magnetic flux caused by rotation of the
signal rotor into electric pulse signals, Using this signal and the signal
from the CKP sensor (if equipped), ECM identifies the cylinder whose
piston is in the compression stroke.
The sensor consists of magnet and coil. It is mounted on oil pan with
specified air gap between the sensor core end and crankshaft timing belt
pulley tooth. As the crankshaft turns, AC voltage is generated in the
sensor. ECM uses this signal as: Engine speed, Cylinder identification.
5. ADVANTAGES OF MPFI
1) More uniform A/F mixture will be supplied to each cylinder; hence the
difference in power developed in each cylinder is minimum. Vibration
from the engine equipped with this system is less, due to this the life of
engine components is improved.
(2) No need to crank the engine twice or thrice in case of cold starting as
happens in the carburetor system.
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6. CONCLUSION
Almost all vehicles in India are changing to the mpfi because of law
emissions, improved mileage and drivability since the engine is
controlled by micro computer more accurate amount of a/f mixture will
be supplied and as a result complete combustion will take place. this
leads to effective utilization of fuel supplied and hence low emission
level. it reduces wastage of fuel by the use of sensors and other control
systems
7. REFERENCES
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MPFI
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