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SANTANDERISMO Y BOLIVARISMO: DOS MATICES
EN PUGNA
DAVID BUSHNELL
1" Huelga decir que durante la primera mitad del siglo pasado los miembros
de corrientes politicas no liberales tampoco eran partidarios, por lo general, del
sufragio universal.
1s Aunque Bolivar en sus decretos y correspondencia se expres6 repetidamen-
te a favor de altos derechbs de importaci6n, son pocas las ocasiones en que for-
mul6 su politica aduanera en terminos explicitamente proteccionistas. Una de estas
es su carta a JosL Antonio Paez, citada por J. L. SALCED-BASTArmo, Visi6n y re-
visi6n de Bolivar, 7; ed., Buenos Aires, 1966, pig. 140 (nota).
17 Un ejemplo llamativo del flamante bolivarismo de izquierda es el mismo
titulo de la obra de MILTONPENTES, Bolivar, padre de las izquierdas liberales,
BogotA, 1965.
SANTANDERISMO Y BOLIVARISMO 251
RESUMEN
SUMMARY
The author looks up into this paper the actuation of the neogranadine
heroe Francisco de Paula Santander, vinculated withi the politic planifi-
cation made by Bolivar and with his unsuccess. In general, the Colom-
bians followers of the Conservatist Party recovered to Bolivar, and ihese
from the Liberal Party, to Santander. But the politic changes that recen-
tly took place in Colombia, specially the appearing of the National Bipar-
tidist Front and the division of the liberal movement gave as a result
important modifications in the clasic historiographical interpretation raised
from both sides. There have been no definitive results from the studies
made about class origin of both groups, but we can say that in general
people came from oligarchics families. In Nueva Granada, merchants and
professional men were more likely followers of Santander, and landow-
ners were more likely followers of Bolivar. Santander belonged to a Latin
American tendency that theoretically intented inlarge personal freedom,
although through a slowly process.
According to the author, we can say that big differences didn't exist
about the long-run plans of both sides. Their discrepances were funda-
mentally given in the short-run plans. Taking out the few differences,
every political measures given by Santander were also carry up by Bolivar.
Perhaps the argueing fundaments would came from the differents
points of view about the power and the Latin American union. Bolivar
improved an unitarian system for some regions. On the contrary, the
policy of Santander was more conventionally liberal and supported a
federalism on the basis of small states. On the other hand it was also
discussed the notion of Latin American integration, developed by Bolivar
and San Martin and the national modernism from the rivadavian and
santanderean followers. But Santander's opposition to the americanist
project was more clearly seen in the Congress of Panama. The author
shows that the disolution of the Great Colombia cannot be considered
umputable to Santander'action, but to Paez'one.