VEHICLE ANTICOLLISION USING ULTRASONIC SIGNALS

ESHWAR RAKSHITH KUDLU RAVI MOHAN.P SUNIL.R Mrs.P.R.Savitha (PROJECT GUIDE) Mrs.Kusuma.V (PROJECT CO-GUIDE) 1RE06EC018 1RE06EC056 1RE06EC060 1RE06EC075 Mr.P.I.Basarkod (PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR)

ABSTRACT
The aim of the project is to avoid vehicle collision. We can avoid these things by using ultrasonic anti-collision instrument. This instrument is fixed in front side of the vehicle. If any vehicle or obstacle comes near by this vehicle, immediately this instrument will raise an alarm and it will stop the vehicle.

COMPONENTS USED
Power Supply : 5v DC Micro controller : AT89C52 Buzzer : Freq-1 to 18 kHz (5v-12Vdc) LCD : 2*16 characters Relay Ultrasonic transmitter and receiver Software used :Kiel Micro Vision 3

WORKING PRINCIPLE
The vehicle collision can be avoided by using this project. The microcontroller switches ON the ultrasonic transmitter and traces other vehicles in front of it using ultrasonic waves and receives the echo signal at the ultrasonic receiver.

Contd. By doing distance measurement calculation from our program, the system can find out the distance of opposite vehicle from our vehicle. If the distance is our set value, the buzzer will give a warning beep. The controller will energize the braking system. Thus vehicle collision is avoided.

BLOCK DIAGRAM
LCD (Display)
Ultrasonic Transmitter

LCD Driver

LCD Glass

Ultrasonic Receiver

Micro Controller (AT89S52)

Buzzer
Buzzer Driver

Buzzer OSC

R E L A Y

Relay Driver

Battery

Brake System

POWER SUPPLY
The microcontroller and other devices get power supply from AC to DC adapter through voltage regulator. The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC non regulated The 7805 voltage regulators are used to convert 12 V to 5V DC. However we are using 9V batteries instead for easy and safe handling of our project.

ULTRASONIC RAYS
Ultrasonic is acoustic energy in the form of waves having a frequency above the human hearing range. Ultrasonic can be used to locate objects by means similar to the principle by which radar works These high-frequency acoustic waves reflect from objects. The distance to an object can be determined by measuring the delay between the transmission of an ultrasonic pulse and the return of the echo.

Applications of Ultrasonic Rays

Ultrasonic rays are used in electronic, navigational, industrial, and security applications. It is also used in medicine to view internal organs of the body. Ultrasonic rays are used in industry to analyze the uniformity and purity of liquids and solids. Ultrasonic rays can be used in sonar systems to determine the depth of the water in a location.

ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCER (Transmitter and Receiver) Ultrasonic signals can be used to locate objects by means similar to the principle by which radar works. Ultrasonic TXR is used to transmit ultra sonic signals. These high-frequency ultrasonic waves reflect from objects, on which it is incident. The distance to an object can be determined by measuring the delay between the transmission of an ultrasound pulse and the return of the echo.

MICROCONTROLLER-AT89C52
The AT89C52 is a widely available in market, cost effective, low power and highperformance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller. The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out.

Contd.
The microcontroller switches ON the ultrasonic transmitter and traces other vehicles in front of it using ultrasonic waves and receives the echo signal at the ultrasonic receiver. By doing distance measurement calculation the system can find out the distance of opposite vehicle from our vehicle. If the distance is our set value, the controller will give an alarm and energize the braking system.

Features
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Full Duplex UART Serial Channel

BUZZER
The buzzer is connected between the supply rail and the input signal. When the input signal coming into the buzzer subsystem is low, a potential difference across the buzzer causes current to flow. It is this flow of current that causes the buzzer to sound. The buzzer subsystem produces a 2 KHz audible tone when powered.

Contd.
The buzzer will give warning beep. The beep duration is depends upon the distance between the two vehicles.

LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

Used to display the distance between the vehicles. The most common type of LCD controller is the Hitachi 44780 which provides a relatively simple interface between a processor and an LCD. In our project we used two-line display.

RELAY
The relay subsystem is an electricallyoperated switch. This is used to switch ON/OFF the brake unit. The relay coil is connected between the supply rail and the input signal. This acts as load on the driver.

Contd.
When the input signal coming into the relay subsystem is low, a potential difference across the relay coil causes current to flow. It is this flow of current that causes contacts to switch.

APPLICATIONS OF THIS PROJECT

y Distance measurement y Vehicle anti-collision

PROGRAM CODE

THANK YOU