EXCITATION SYSTEM & AVR CONTROL OF HYDRO GENERATORS

By Ravinder Sharma Engineer.(E)

OPERATION EHG C/ROOM PMG T/F 11KV/220KV

TO TURBINE

EXCITATION PANEL STATOR 11KV

HVCB

PENSTOCK TO GRID

INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE OF EXCITATION SYSTEM ROLE OF AVR (AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR)

DEFINITION OF EXCITATION SYSTEM

ELECTROMAGNETISING THE ROTOR WITH DC SUPPLY FOR BUILDING UP THE VOLTAGE IN THE STATOR WINDING

TYPES OF EXCITATION
BRUSH SYSTEM
(STATIC EXCITATION)

BRUSHLESS EXCITATION SYSTEM

 ALTERNATING DIRECT CURRENT(DC) CURRENT(AC) EXCITATION EXCITATION PRODUCES PRODUCES ALTERNATING CONSTANT MAGNETIC MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE FIELD IN THE ROTOR ROTOR , HENCE IS NOT RECOMENDED

EXCITATION SUPPLY

EXCITATION EQUIPMENT
EXCITATION TRANSFORMER EXCITATION PANEL CONTANING ELECTRONIC CARDS FOR GENERATING THYRISOR PULSE. EXCITATION EQUIPMENT CONTROL SUPPLY AND RELAYS PROTECTION EQUIPMENT USED FOR EXCITATION SYSTEM

REQUIREMENTS OF EXCITATION SYSTEM

CT & PT SUPPLY FOR AVR CONTROL DC SUPPLY FOR CONTROL AND PROTECTION AC SUPPLY FOR FIELD VOLTAGE BUILD UP AND PROTECTION COOLING OF THYRISTORS COOLING OF ELECTRONIC CARDS

GENERATING EXCITATION SUPPLY(DC)

WITH STATION BATTERIES STATION AC SUPPLY CAN BE COVERTED TO DC WITH THE HELP RECTIFER CIRCUIT( DIODE OR THYRISTOR)

FIELD CIRCUIT OF EXCITATION SYSTEM

EXCITATION CAN BE DONE IN AUTO OR MANUAL

EFFECTS OF EXCITATION
EXCITATION CAN BE AUTO OR MANUAL CONTROL OF GENERATOR VOLTAGE CONTROL OF MVAR CONTROL OF POWER FACTOR

ROLE OF AVR
REGULATING THE TERMINAL VOLTAGE AT GENERATOR TERMINALS MAINTAINIG THE CONSTANT VOLTAGE AS PER THE SETTING AVR IS A PART OF EXCITATION SYSTEM INCASE OF ANY PROBLEM IN THE AUTO CIRCUIT EXCITATION WILL CHANGEOVER TO MANUAL

MANUAL EXCITATION
EXCITATION SYSTEM CAN BE DONE IN MANUAL ALSO. IN MANUAL EXCITATION GENERATOR TERMINAL VOLATGE WILL BE VARIED AS PER THE CONDITION OF THE LOAD. TO CHANGE THE THE EXCITATION SYSTEM FROM MANUAL TO AUTO , MAKE THE BALANCE INDIACATOR TO ZERO BY VARYING THE AUTO POTEMTIOMETER IN THE EXCITATION PANEL.

POINTS TO BE OBSERVED WHEN EXCITATION SYSTEM COMES FROM AUTO TO MANUAL

GENERATOR VOLTAGE MVAR POWERFACTOR BALANCE INDIATOR GENERATOR CURRENT INDICATIONS ON EXCITATION PANEL

PROTECTION BY EXCITATION STATOR OVER CURRENT ROTOR CURRENT LOAD ANGLE LIMIT ROTOR UNDER/OVER VOLTAGE UNDER EXCITATION OVER EXCITATION

CONTROL OF REACTIVE POWER WITH EXCITATION

BY INCREASING EXCITATION POWER FACTOR LAGGING LAGGING REACTIVE POWER INCREASES STATOR CURRENT INCREASES BY DECREASING EXCITATION POWER FACTOR LEADING LEADING REACTIVE POWER INCREASES STATOR CURRENT DECREASES