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(NU NN H!UH, mN 8)

HHUNE


! HUWIWW H!BmU NU!HN! !W!
!HUE HI NU NN H!UH WI BI BI HBI
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H!Em
N!Wm
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(3) !FB B HUN : %, !UWU HUH-!WmNW HUH-HHUN NUHBH, BI HHF
BWB !BW mB BWI NUWBI B UB!-WUN WUE HUN HUWM WMW
() HNMBUE : BWI BUN H! HUWM HUW, HI UNBI-F-HU!HI UNBI
HI HU!F ! HUHMU WI UW UH ! HUH WM WI HB UW UH !
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mHI HU NUNH!B ! !FH WWI-U!BB NN !WB !WH !FW WI N B UI !M!Nm
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(u) mUBH : BWI BUN mNW UNBI mB BWB HUWM B mN WIBI NFI
() HN HEI : !BW HUHB-H(!BW NUE) B mU!UB BWB HUWM BI HB!B
() WU HNE : BWI !BW / BUN / HNH!F / NH' BuH WWI WU H!Nm
(c) BIWB : UN B BUH !NM W WM-WN WUW HUWM B !HN HEE ; B!
!WU HUWM B mUN W!UNU H! mWM-NUN UI U HWB |
(c) !FHBI HU : WUBU !FHBI HH W NWB!Fm; !WUBUE, WMWEI,..!M!Nm
(3O) fMNI : mW! N!BI' NvW B NMB-fHmIm! fMNa WM UMaU
WfW HuH, WfW H, WfW WM eI Wv mW! vfm! B| W ve fWB
UI fMfNm | eHH W N NfHe fHw WI fBH NN e fMNI UI |
(33) NBBUI 3O : mHM !WB BuH WWI (N 3uu) ; !HN! UN BE MFI
!WUUI-BUUBIm! H-HUHI M N: 3O !MN !BB U
(3) HMI / BMI : NU NN H!UH HI B' !HMWM WN ; HUHEI NN! WMI WB-HBI
(3) BHBWMI : mW! N!FI' mBMIM, H HNB !WB NWI UI H HWBI
(3U) mUU NN : HUWWu NUE, !BW NUE , HIHB UNWB NUE BIm! WN
WUEIm! mB HHNBI HWB! BI U-H-U WM | !FU UU WI !FMUI-HEI UI |
(3u) !HBI UB : BUIUUUI BWB W! B' HM WV W !HBI UBI !
(3) !F!BUHW UM! : UNB UHB HI N!UM' BIm! B mF mB UHUB HUHB
HB !WB !... MN! HM N!UM' HBHN !WB NE, HM mB BN !WN' mF ..

N NN HfUH WI e BIW-NN fWIm! HNB NHU Wa
MBI, NfHN! UHM-UH v W HHN Wa MBI, N NfHe fHw HfUH
eWI-vWW eH W HeH Wa MBI, N NN HfUH WI eI BI-HBI
fWB M' BW MBI NW WIB U fBU vW mNBI eHH NN |
eWI-eWB vWW, BWB-HBIB, WH-HNI B!fBW, fWUBI, UN-BH
vIa WM WWI BuH,WWI H e fBm WW NN U mNBI eHH NN |
muKbMd

WFl HN IUN El BUlP IH IHBUl WNH, mIHBHU P IHlN UUJH IH Hl Pl
HIBW UNE IB INIm Hl IW IUmN (HU) P BUN FU P U Pl HIPU
IB Pl UIN BUUE NFl UWUlm P HHE mB BUU Pl UBN J'U WUE NFl IHl-
HU N l WBU IB U H|IFU WU W UU FUIH Pl UIFm IWU'IW UIBB
UW FN (UUU PHH FN) P mUU B IH UU Pl H N UIWm H IUU U|
WU-HP PHH FN UU WU H JUU N l UU IN U HUl Ul BHNl Ul UFl
| IFml JF IH Hl l mUPH, BFl mIPW Pl mHNlVB PHE Nl HBW
PHH FN IUE INE WUW, IU WFl PNlN H HEFl HIEm, mWN BNB HIUU P
HNPU HU IH JU Hl N B' EW IPB Hl | HB P UU BNE mB BNUE INm
Pl N WPU WUl JN IFm U |

U: UB IH HFl Hl IFW HBW PHH FN P WUIBB INl Hl IHHP mPUN
HE N N B' IFU NW UUB JB UIFm | IFH B' HU NW IFH mBl PHH FN
P mPUN HF P mIUm WFl HN IUN BU WlB| HU WB (JFl W IH), FU
FN IB WB mB H JF IB UlW PHH FN (U: UB IH HFl) mB N Ul FU
FN HIUU Hl Pl IBUUU P l mIUm WlB | U: UB IH HFl Hl Pl HBW
FU W IBUUU , EHU U: HIUU IH Hl P PH Nlm IB WlB FU FN
HIUU Hl P UlW l IUm mB FUHIB U B' U FUUFl N HHUE NFl UU
mW IP P N, HBW Ulm, WN-lBU l HE| JFl FUUNB IH WN
mEF Plm HBW HB P HUF, UIBB UW mIPW l FU N Ulm | UBUl
JUB P UUB HU BIUU, BUlFU, NIUmE, UU, IPNl, WU, WNWB, FU,
HUNU, HUFl, WU, HU, JUBU, mFU mIPW P U FUPmIUm IB FUUU
HH FUUEl-WN Pl H IJUE P HW l FU HIUU IFH BlW UNIBm | N
Ul N PHH FN P mUU-FN HUWUV UE, IB UE, HlHP JFB UE, FlB
P l mIUm WlB | HWNl UFl PU Ul HHIWB IF UUHEl-FN HHUE NFl
HPPFU HIUB UFl |

UW HWHH Pl -c-OO (H IHBUU OO) Pl mUU Pl FU-IPW NUU
E FU mUUE WUB, NUU, PH UUW mB Pl-JFB IFH BlW
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BlUN PUl HImHl FU FN HIUU Hl HUBH FN INW mB HU P, UE,
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FU-IPW P HN P UU U|

HNPU mWN BNB HIUU Hl IFU NW UE BW IB IBlm, IFH HBW P NH N
Plm Wlm HIUB, JH BW U IHHPl WN W IFH HBW IB U HWP U U
mH BW WFl HU Ul mIFm | NU U IW IH-WH N HUIUB HU FN Pl ,
IFIBUH, UUBIHm mIPW Pl FU FN HIUU Hl Pl UEl Pl WHUl B U W Ul
UBN WUW IH lUl BU FUHIB IBUUU PE Pl |

mU WlUBl HN N' 38 HUl OOc IFH FN FU-IWB H W BBl IPBl FFl
U | HIHU UBl U IW IFU HBW U W HB-lBU W INBl UBU PE Pl IWUNB
WUE |

IFU HBW INIPm WU FUH IP, U: UUIHPU IH IPNFlU, JFl UIHPU IH
BUlFU, HHIUPU IH NH (UUFl N) HUNl, BUHH IH BmUH UUH BU
WHUl (IPNl IH FUPU UUW WHUl) U: FUH IH IPNl, UHN IH IPNl,
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IH B JFl mHUHlB IH BPl UPU, JFl U'WU IH HH, UlUl UUUH WU (PHH FN
IBU HB, EUlPUP), JFl FUBU IH HlUEN WU, JFl B IH (NlH,
lU, PEl mHUlW) IFH BlW Pl UHN-mEWFl WlBl U ; IFU NW HJP IPN'
BWU-FWU U |

IFU NW UPl U JFl HUUHlB IH Hl mUlUU IFUlm mmUH, IPNl P, IH
HBW UU UHN HUm P W IFH HBW IU W EE Pl H IJFl |

HJ B' U mB UUUU UP PH FU HIUU Hl mB FU FN HIUU Hl P IH
IFH BlW IFU HJ INE P UN, UIU mB HHUN UNBl |
FU-N IB FWB mB BUPl-WN BUE N

FU-N-HW
PNUlU IH
IPNl,
3 mFHB OOc.
(3 HE, WBUl HHB 83)
HUWM (HUWM) U fvB mv! efU WMW HB UH! 1
mhwkwl kwlkw AwrwDI ] (dsm gRMQ ivc ieSt dw srUp ; pMnw 73)
UfBB W FN / mUBl
eHH FN el mHMlVB
BBW v : 3
(3)..... ..HB fMfN HfB HHWfam ! ....................................................................
() .... fH N v UI U !........................................................................
() .... NHaI WIBa MBI HI WB ...............................................................u
(8)..... HfBB W NN/mNUBI eHH NN fWB eW BW! e WW..............................c
(u)..... mNUBI eHH NN e BU Wa ......................................................... 33
()..... mNUBI eHH NN e fMNI UMaU......................................................... 3
() .... mNUBI eHH NN eI HUHaI-NN! M BM................................................ 38
(c) .... mNUBI eHH NN fWB fBa e Hv ...................................................... O
(c) .... HfBB W NN / mNUBI eHH NN fWB fBHBI H fWB...............................c
(3O) .. mNUBI eHH NNB fMNI maMIM aHeWMI e WU ma....................................c
(33)... HUHU mB fUWfBB!.........................................................................O
(3) .. WH HB HBI !BvBI!.. fBU HBI fWH e mN ......................................
(3) .. NfHN meH fWH mN W WfUN W! UNUBI mN ................................
(38)... vWBM,fHN IfWU fWB Wv MN, Did Guru ..worship Devi?............................................ 8O
(3u)... eHH NN W! HUWM-WMW NN............................................................... 8
(3)... fUf NBI HUWM ! ................................................................... 88
(3) .. WHI HI HU WHN WI................................................................. 8
(3c) .. mH WIB ................................................................................ 8c
(3c) .. NfHN eI vWa.................................................................................. 8c
(O) .. afUHH NMH WM' vBB WU UMN-vU MN! eI vWBM................................. uO
(3) .. eHH NN H BN mB HWM (Facts & Questions) ...................................... uu
() .. UN BW fHU H !(WNe mWM BNB HfUH fBI)............................. uc
() .. .. eHH W HfUH e mNH-vH.. fHN HNB!/vHW! HBI...................... O
(8) .. H WIU'e eEfBm B mNm! (WfWB, vH fHw vH, feMI)..................... 3
(u) .. eHH NN e m fBm We HUHaI NN! eIm! vBIm! .......................... -

fBH aWB-HBlB-FN F-fMB Ha e NBW BlW :-
(3) NU NN H!UU WI B BUIW (UUUU NBI ME M) HE,
() NU N!UB !Hw H!UU WI mB !HN! BI-B!Bm! B NWUI / NBW HE,
() !HN! NU NN H!UU WI B' UHN WUW UUHEI NN! !B MUE,
(U) !HN! NUUEI !H!Nm B M UN, BUU, B UBE M HE,
(u) !HN !HNI B' N!BB WUE M WUH,NU-!BHBI, NU-NUB HN WUE M HE
() !HN m!NmB B UU NU !B H W HB HN WH UWU WUE,
() BH NU H!UU BI c HM BI wME B WUUIm! !mUN WUEIm!

Dalbir Singh, M.Sc., 31-D,Madan Park, Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi-110026 (India)
Phone::9899058458, e-mail : ds@dioptres.com
scu iliK sic smwvixAw ] 2
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NHfN HB HB fMNfU WIB ! H W HB vWfU HN em !
HB WNe WMH HHWaI HB fMfN HfB HHWfam !! (N NN HfUH,mN 3)
U fMNI NHfB (FU FN HIUU Hl Pl UEl IB PUHF IHU!B),FU-IFIBUH, IH-IFIBUH UU
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v HB N M WW, HB UUH P UUEl, FUH H IUN HB B mUIUB lBU Ul INP U | mH
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(3) WHHNI (UBI HM WMI ) FU W HIUU Hl Pl mB UFl HUP Hl Pl UUB IP WUPl U |
IFHP U U HE NFl UFl WUH IHw (IUHUUlm) Pl INl HBW WBW IW IH WUU Ul
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FNB U IWU'IW UWl HUlm! HHHlm! HBIUW IB IH (3 mN) U |
() NfHMH v: IB FU UUFIUP HIUU Hl Pl IP WlBl FFl U |
() HW vWa NN IB WI HB IHw WFl N!Fl' FU-IFIBUH mB IH-IHU!B FNB IUm WlB
U | IFH FN IB' WN WUIPm! HU WNWU UUB HUlm! FU-IPW WBlm! EU IPP U |
(8) HfBB W NN fWH eHH NN eH W N NfHe fHw HfUH WI Pl-HW PUH W UPH
WlB H IUU U mB IH! FU FN HIUU Hl Pl HBl UEl (FUHIB) N' BU W WBl UEl (HHIB)
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(u) HHMU NN : IFU FN l UU IN UIBB UW FN !W Pl-PIBm! P HW! P FN U |

fHN WH eI HefWHHBI IFU U IW WU IHl HU N IWU INUl IBB, NU,HmUN P mUl U P
INUlm! P HN P UU U | UU P Pl FN U IW mWN BNB HIUU P HNPU B UU UUHW HHN!
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Hl-HWB UE P H UU PHPl U | IH UW UB HIUN UEl IB UP U :
fWm w fWm N fWm UveH ! N N BW WH mW !3!
HH W wf WB WIfB UfB ! H w N WWBI BfB !3! UU !(N NN HfUH, mN 3)
mUNB, H IH P HHE E FN U IPB HE B! HU IH WUB Pl WlUIB (H) N HU N FN ,
FU FN HIUU Hl N HU W UWl HU FN IBmF PEF | B! Ul mHl WU B' UB HWP U! |
kUV dy rwh qy pwaux vwilAW Aqyy JUT ilKx vwilAW nUM vwihgurU sumiq b^Sy [
ibnu gur pUry nwhI auDwru](AMg 886)

fBfBUH eHe U IW FU FIUP IHw Hl H 3>Oc IB FUFPl FU FN HIUU Hl H' W HBl HB
HH FF | UH HH' UU WFl FU-INB FN HHP Ul Hl | UU UP IHw UUPU Pl BUPB B' UP
IH! UB UWHB UUB WNH VF | IH IU! B' UUU HFN! IB UUH mB IHl HU Pl UIm
IHU UU Pl UWl N W WU UU H| UH HH' FUPIUm! Pl H-HUN IUHINm! B UPHl HUm!
WlBl| IUHN IPW (UUHEl) FN! P mVFl H mB UPHl UU Hl BP (FU W HIUU P
UFl BU) P BN H mB HF-HB P UUl H | IFU IH Ul H, IHl UH IB UUHE H |
IF! FUPIUm! IB FUHIB-IUU UUHEl WUlBlm! mB WNl UWHH BNB WlB | IF!
Plm! INlm! mW! FUHIB-IUU HBW! B UIUBH 3cl' B 3cl' HPl IB HP IB mF,
IHU! UB-IH-IFIBUH (IHHPl UBN UU ' FUIH IP WU) IWU H!P U |
fWH NN mW eHH NN P H N HIEm H!P U, H 3> P WUlU HP IB mIFm | IFU
FN WU UU Wl-UB!! mB UIBB UW FN (HH IW WFl HF! P mB IB IN HHBl-HWB! B'
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BBWU IB INIm U HBI vBI, HfBB W NN WI WI| HHP fWU W!e eHH NN (38c v)
BU mHElW Nlm! (UFl Hl IHw Nl, U Nl, HBl UF IUmN Nl, HFUU Nl),IH!
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FN HIUU Hl | FU-P HU WUW N IB PIUU Ul U FFl|W NHaI UeI B! Ha eI MW UI
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WUIBB(Authorship of Dasam Granth) INl HEl IFH P UBUU B HINm-IB NU'Pl U |

U UIBB UW FN IB INUl Wlm! P IFBU P HU :-
HUHWM U !NB mNU ! B!H WMW HB UHU ! (N )
mNB Pl-PB HUUWN, HUWN, WN, WNl, WNW, PUF, IB, BUl UUU W mF U|
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IFH BU! HHMU NN l 3c-3cl' HPl IB HP IB mIFm IHHP HNMB IB INIm U:-
HI UWI WI HUfB ! UHBfB HI H MWHI WI WI !
mUNB, IFU FN IH! Pl-PB-HW UEUE NFl UB FF U | IFU! FN! Plm! WU UB!
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fH HHU-WIB N NN HfUH WI eI HBI HaI e BM HHU W v-WIB WIB W!e U |

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ml BUU N IH IFH FN Plm! UB! PHH-W-IWB H W HN UWP U|HU FUIH!
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FN (' W HIUU Hl Pl UEl PUH WU B' UP) FU FIUP IHw Hl IPBl Hl mB IFH FN
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B fBH NN HUWM-WMW-NN UI WfUa BUIe U | WI fBU fBa eHH W N NfHe
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fBW HaI fBW N fBW HHe WIBf! (mN 8)
HaI N N U HaI fWfB HaI mfHB H!N HaI WU HWW W H vBfN N fHB!(cc)
mW B' BWIH OO HM vfUM! eHW' W HI N NfHe fHw HfUH WI NNeI HI N NN
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WBl WUl UEl WB IH Ul UEU'Pl U |

FU UU WUE NIFm! BB UlF IW HB FU m HU-HIFm B' HWB UW H UU N HNP U :-
WIm WI W vfU HB WU ! mfv HWB HWU vU HM mH WU MU! (mN 3OO)
IH' WBl HUH' IB' N mB Ul BN B UP U IB' WB FU P IH UIEm! NW HUN UP
U Ul UNW :- WHI WU BfU H fvH WI vW HBI NM !
WBI HHU' vfM W NfM UBI BM ! (N NN HfUH, 3)
N NN HfUH WI fWB eHB HHe-N P IHU!B HE N mB UEl Pl FU-mB mHU lBU
WlIBm! mHl WB-vB, UB-IB eI Wa WW, UW WH! e mB BN-He feUW e UH-WM, eWI
eWB, mWB-We, BB-HB, HMW BIN fBa, aN-mvaN mfeW HUHaI UH! fWB' fWM
W!e U! | mHI HM-HB fWB eHB HH-fWmvW, fW, WB, vH-eM, HH-HHN B
HmB Na! WM vU eI vH-UNBI WW, HB H-H feW WW, N eI fWv HeW, NMH (a
H WM) Ha W WIW-HWB (Ha B' vfUM! HWB) U HWe U! :-
vfb WM HU WN Uv HfU fMN UH fNmI !
WU WHI W UB NMH vH UNfB fWU WI ! (N NN HfUH,mN uu)
fHNI fHfNm N WIBf ! eI WfH MwB vf !(W mH, mN 8u)
HUW mHU FU FN HIUU Hl Pl IHIm B BINm! Ul IH P NW-UNW HUN U HWP U |
Ul B!, HU UBU IFU UF IW,
NW HVU W!m !BH WM HWB !(NU NN H!UH, O, 3)
NfHNI-vI-eNB UHe Hv-N NN HfUH WI eI HBI-HaI M' HUHaI-NN!-vI-WUWIm!
M Wfm W fU U B! W fHN-HB-HBI-WW-fH-vI HU fHN-fUaIm! HW Wa |

mH U !W !HN WH NHUBU B U!BmU U W NUH!B B N!UU BWNI |HN HIW
HWUN B! UI U HWB U H !HN !FW-!FW NU NU, NU NN H!UH, M HW :
!H NU NU UI UU ! HH W mN FU HIBU ! (NU NN H!UH,mN cc)
NUHaI WIBUa MBI HUUI WB u
vfWm HU H vUWa ! fWH fHfU eUNU W IHa !(mN )

FU FN HIUU Hl Pl UEl P WU mB WlUB WU IHB WUUl U UB Ul WUUl U FUUEl
lBUE mB BB-UPB U B' U FUUFl N HHUE| VN FUW :
H BBfU HHe WIBfU fBU HHN W HIB ! (mN cu)
N WI HW HHe WIB ! UUH H WaI H ! (mN ) {HHe N WI eI mHM HW fBU WIB]
WHf fH N HHe HIBf ! HfBN U HN em ! (mN c88) { HHe WIB UI' vvBI ]
HU me N HHe WIBf ! fvm fHU BI HUNfa f ! (mN O)
HfBN HU W WNe WB WNB HH !fW HWfB UWBI fWB HHfe W WIB !(mN uc8)
!H H!BNU NUN H!W HH!B WIB WIBU !
!F HEH H! mNIm! NH VU NWU !
mB!U !Nm !Um U U!U H NI!B !NmU !
HHN HF !WWU H!U H!U HH!U WU WU !(mN 3U3c)
FUUEl lBU P H HB FUHIB IHU!B IPU WUE B WUUE U B! H H WU, UUH mB IWU
IBmF W HBU UUH (H UUH) P UUEl UE W FU-BUP Pl WHFl WUW Hl HEN WU HW|
BfW HfU UUH UfW vUHUH ! WU W mM fBU UUH !(mN 3c)
FU FN HIUU Hl Pl UU Wl UEl P IUm N (HUIB HU W) WlIBm! BUP-FU, UEl-FU
Hl FUUEl HHUE-lBUE NFl U IN WB IPU WUU'P U | IFU! WIBm! IB' NF UE N
IFW l WB WU-mPW WlIBm! UEl P mUN! P mUN U HWP U, U H IHU!B UH lBU-mUl
BUP IB IPU WUIFm IFm U UH IHU!B BW UB Ul HW!F, UUW H!!F |

(3) N NN HfUH WI fWB fWB eI fBWHB (Uniformity of thought) U H IW mUN H! lBU
WUE NIFm! UF Ul UEl BUlPl | FU mUH HIUU Hl mIP UlU IB UEl INUE HH WU
UFB! (W, lN, EH, BU UH mIPW) Plm! UB!! mIWB Ul H WlBlm! IWU'IW UU! Pl
IBUUU FU W HIUU Hl Pl UEl IB PUHF IHU!B! N HN Ul Hl !Pl| FU FN HIUU Hl
IB UEl-U U W U = UUH-IFml IFW HB (H UUH) N HU UF mNF mNF IBU Ul P
HWP IWU'IW HB UHB IFWHU UIUP U, UPNP Ul | fBU HUvN fW vHBH % e
UvaW U, HUHa-WeI UW-WH B Wa-WW fWI U, a mB UNI-fWWI WIW WIUa WfMm!
(HWBHBIB, eWI-vWW!) e fWI U | BB NIB fBU NWW,
!FW HEI !FW NU !FW HHB WIB!U !(mN U)

() !UU! WMI vWBI W! vWBIm! v aHe e W'eI UW (Central idea) PUHU'Plm! U mB UWl
mBU IHBU N W'PUl U HHUU'P U|IFH NFl WUUl U IW UUU N UP HU B' IUN' HHIUm
B lBIUm H| WlUBlF IFH UUU N UP mHNFl WUW FIF WU B! Ul UH HUP IB
PUHIFm FUHIB IHU!B IPU UF| IHHN H' , U IN HUP lBUlF :-
He WBH WUU HB U U W fHB !
WU HU HfU BW NefB WUB UU BU fWU HNI H !3!
HM! WUU fmU NeBI ! B H W UH WBI !3!UU!
vWf WIU mfm eU fHHI HI WU fHHfHfM WIm !
WfB Hv mUB MNI WU UMM fWm WIm !!
fWm UW vW WIm HU fBm fWm HHIfB fH MfBm !
WU feM HfU Wv fWW NWU fWm UW WH WfBm !!
B vW vW UI HfUm fBH W HH Wfm !
WfU WHI fUHfB B BW eWW fHU H Hfm !8! (N vUBI, mN 3uO)

mUN : U HN! ! B UUl IFHE (H IW IUN HB B mUIUB U) Pl FN PH | BU H P IFW UUH
B! PU UIFm Ul Ul (B! B UU! P UU UUH IW' PU WU'F)|UUU|
IWH UUIHW FN IU lBU H UH FN U mP U UU NP U UP U | U'H B WU IB'
U W WIUP U' IW NP HU IB HP U U fWH HNI H W B Ne e ! B WIBI WHI mP
U' UH HUFl IB l NP HP Hl B! PH B IWU' UH HUFl (H! UWU H! F!) HUP U' |3|
B IWH Hl (HUFl,F!,UWU) WU W N m!P, UH Pl FUP B EUl BN W HU IPB, IHUl U FF
HUP B B IUHIHN m W WNH! Ulm!|UH Hl IB HP NP P U (mBH) NP (UHBH) IB
H UIBm B! PH, U HN!! B UNN (HIFW WUH, WUH) WUU WlB ||
Wl UIFm H B UN, U, HU U W (BUlUW HB WUW) HHlB IB IHU UWIFm| H IPN IB EUU U
B! WFl EIFP Ul HW U P mB UH WU HW, WU (UUHW HN B) HE P |=|
HU Pl WUUl mB EUUl IPN N HW mP WlIBm!, U HN!! B H WUW HN Ul IUU IWU'IW
B W (IBU NP) Pl mHNlmB Pl HU Ul Hl Ul WU U W UUl-UP HE HIWm | IFH NFl
U WUlU! WU P HN! IW B HU Pl WUUl PE N, EUUl IPN N HW FU mP WUE N
UIUBB (Heaven) Ul IHNEl, BU H PWW (Hell) Pl mF IB HU HF Ul UIU IFm U |8|
WU WIBIB mI vWBI BU fWU HNI H! mHNFl WUW FIF WUP U mB IFH HUP HH-
IUUl PHP U | U IFH HUP IB WUlU HIUU HN! Hl P IFW IFW UUH B H W UH PU
WU BUP U mB UU UUH U WW eI WHI e W Ne eI HNfaH UHM W mB IFU WB
PH mBU lBIUm! HBU U H!P U | U WlB H H W UUH INIm U IW H W UUH
(UUH = IFW B, UUH = UUB)| % Pl UNIBB B H mvU vW BWU ! NvHfe
fW vWU !(mN uu), m WUU WlIBm! U HWPl U, IW HU WUU WlIBm! |
() NHaI fWmWa :- UU HIUBW UNl P mNF ImWUEW-IVH UP U | FUUEl-ImWUE
P IVH HHU W mUN WlIBm! WFl UUH-UN Ul UIU'P |UU IN HUP IB H W UUH Plm!
NF!-HBU Pl mIUHlVB WU-mPW WUE N mHN IHU!B H UIU IFm | NF!-HBU P HUU
FUUEl ImWUE N U| U INlm! WBlm! IB wU mB FU mU! B IUm PE :
fWm w fWm N fWm UveH! N N BW WH mW !3!
HH W wf WB WIfB UfB ! H w N WWBI BfB!3!UUU| (mF 3)
P mUN :- IEm wU= E UIBP (wU UUB) | H wIU = IHH FN UUl' , IHH FN IB|
wU = IFW FN ( HBU IFW B) | FU = IFW FU | FU FU = IFW IFW FU |
mUN : U UFl ! IHH FN IB WUB, % IUWU UHBH, Pl IHEB-HNU WU P UPB
INIm U, UH IFW IFW FN U N, UWl HU IBmF P, BUl IHmE H! IUmFl IFH IB U |
B! B fHN WH fHE N NN HfUH WI M UI WW BUIe U fWU'fW fBUI NN WB eI WIBI M
WWe U ; HWI NN, eHH NN HHMU NN WHHNI UBI HM WMI NfHMH vBaUI W'WI
fUBH mfeW, W fW mWB-WeI, NHfB-fWI W! N-feW U, fBmNa WN U|
UU HE :
mU HfU We fU mU fBW UfB! W fWB mUf WN U fWM HU WfB !(mN cu)
(mUU = U HWB, UU-B, HU mUU| mUU = IFW B, IFW mUU| mUIU = mUU IB |)
mUN :- H NW HUN WU NFl HU mUU, WH, WUP U U UNW HUN WU NFl IFW l UPH
Ul WUP| WFl IUN Ul U H HHUP U IW HF UUUE P mUU (H UUH) IB NFE U |
IFH HEWUl NFl FUUEl ImWUE P HUN H IHBUl WNH Pl HBW Ul BUlPl U |
(8) W WIB-mI aHe fWB fBfBUHW W! fHNUHW vHN fMfNm UW B! UH vHN e fHm HNv
fWB WW fH!B feW WfBm WW| W mB HwWB WUaIm! Ha W HH HHe WIB WW |
U WUElm! P U IBUUU Pl IFWHUB, HUP P IHUN , ImWUE-IVH! mIPW IUm
IB UIm! HUH Ul WlB H HWP U | IHHN H', HU H NB FU PUH BFl |(HU HUN )
HUP N HIUm IFm HF, FU UHPH HIUU Hl BU UU mUH Hl NUU B' IBlm! INlm!
B W P UB W UEl UBUl, fHMWM H-wWB U IWU'IW UH HH FUFPl B BN W HBIUB H
mB IHUN HU HUN PHP U IW IFU UEl FU mUH HIUU FUFPl B UE B' UP UBUl |


(u) NHaI fWB HU-mNW MEH l UB FF U| WUE mHU VW' mUN Ul WlB HE| UN
'P U B! UFl W IHw UIBB HU WB B NE BUlP U | WUE mHU WUHl P mUN :-
WHI HUW UvW fWa HUW HUH WfB! (mN c3c) WUHl = WUH-W!U WlIBm!
BU Uf H WHI vBIm HfBN fHM fWH mfB !(mN c3) WUHl = HIBFU Pl UNIBB N
H fHN mvI HfB NBI!H UfH UMU HfB WBI!(cuu) HIB Fl=mWN FmFl; HIB WFl= WFl|
UNUBI ve e mN HU Wa fWB' vfWm! meH fvNH UNUBI.. HHI fvm UMN e Ue U |
() NHaI e WWM UW-mN :- UU HE mB IH-IBUUU H UW WFl N!Fl' NEWl-mUN
(literal meaning) Ul NE BUlP, WN U-mUN Ul NE BUlP U B! H FUHIB IBUUU Pl
IFWHUB UF U| BNW EUlP Hl
UIe HfWW WfBm BU UMI IfB ! WHUI BfM mfBm vW WNB HHIfB !O!(mN 3c3)
U, IH FUPU H W HUHFIB WU, FUUEl WlUB WN HE, IW HHlIB IB HW U H |
HNW WUlU Hl :
WHI vIfB fBW fHU WIB m efH WfB! UW M!H WH W UW wf HWfB !u!(mN 3u)
IFU HNW WUlU HIUU HU-HU UUl HFlm! mB UU-HU HImHlm! W UBIUm Hl| UH
HH FU W HIUU Hl P WB Ul UIFm Hl | WHI HfUH HUI UN e NW WIB U |
IFU IHU!B W-UEl IFU' HHU!Pl U : UNI vU MUBI fWa HBI fHN !(mN 3Occ)
mH IH l H H WWUl UIUB U W FU FN HIUU IB PUHF H-UUH , % Pl H-UFBl P
HUF B Ul BNP B! H WWUl UIUB N IH l Ul Ul IWU HF | IH' wU Pl PNB BU!
B' UBE NFl BU-PlUl Pl NU U IB' H Pl UUB (H-U) UBE NFl B Pl UUB WUUl U |
B Pl UIUB FU N HUPl U mB H Pl UIUB (FU-HUP Pl WHFl) UHBH N HUPl U |

() fMNa aMI, aHeWMI mB HaB-H!U FU N Im H|HMW HUHfWBI HUM 3 (m:3u)
vfW vHBW Hfm He! fHM vWfH HNM HH!!W WfH HUH WH ! HU UW fHB WH !
WU W fHB fW ! fH HfBN H vW !3!
fUUM BH WHH WWe HUH fHeB ! HN HHH N vHeI BfU W ! Wa Wa HHN U
WU W HIBf ! Wa WB WfH U fWf WM NI f !!
WN HHe fNm HHe He HHe B HUHaU !NBI HHe H HHe He HHe vfWBU !
HH HHe B BW HHe W W WfH UU ! W B W eH U HBI fW eU !!
BW fWH B HH eW eWeW B mBHU ! mBH HI HHeWH W WBI WfH UW !
W B W eH U HBI fW eW !8!
FU W HIUU P UBU IFU! BU HNW! IB PH HNW UUHIFm Pl mHN BW HE N
H P Hl IUUN (UWU, ImUN) PHP U | UWl IB HNW! Pl UEBU IUm N lF :
(U) UU HNW P BU IB IFW H! U WBlm! WUE PUHUE NFl INlm! U B UUHEl IVH U;
(m) UU HNW IB H Nl WBl IB UUHEl IVH B IWB WUIPm! HN UIFm IFm U ;
(F) H Nl WBl B' UP FU HIUU mE IUE / IHU!B IPB U |
IFH UEBU-H!U, BNl WU-mPW WUE N ImIm-WU! BN HNW P mUN lW Ul WlB |
vfUM HMW fWB UUHEl-WUHW!U! P UN P W IEm H WFl HEP U B! PH Wl IFU! WUH!
N UUHIFml UE HWP U!UBU U,Ul|IFU UWU WUH U|mHN UHB H HE P FU PHF|
BIW HMW fWB UUHE HU UE P NW! P UUH PIHm B! FU W HIUU IEm H
HEP U' B! PH HU H! P HUU-H!U UUH Wl U H PH , W UH UUHIFml P PH U |
BN HNW IB UUHE IWB Hl Pl IUmFl WUIPm! PIHm IW IWB Hl Pl mBH UU H mB
PB IB HPl U| FU W HIUU IEm H HEP U B! PH IW UHP (IWB Hl P IB) IB
IWHPl mBH HPl U H PH, W UH UUHIFml P PH U | FU W HIUU HHUE BUP U
IW IB mPU BU Pl mBH Ul U HWPl IWU'IW BU P HH IB B' UP UP U|
fBH B! N W HfUH WI fBH aMW fWB mWB-We e NW WIB U| fBU B aMW fBW MWI
fWB vB UB U fW! e BB-Uvea fBU U fW HUH-fNmI mNW WIW-HWfB mWHN eI vvBI
HfBN WI e eH HN B BM W WH-W!W, Wa-WW mB mWB-We fBmN W UI UeI U |
c
(c) NHaI NHaI M mNb :- FU FN HIUU IB WFl HUP mH U IH! Pl ImIm
FUUEl P UU HUP H! WBlm! P mUU B Ul U HWPl U| IH' mH HUN 3, Ul Pl ImIm
mH HUN =, Ul WUPl U mB UUUHU B Ul HUN 3 Pl ImIm-HU UEl UUUHU
H!U HUN U| UU-IN HNW HUHIWBl HUN 3 P BN HNW FW IWH Pl ImIm
WUIPm! WUlU HIUU mBU-P P U IFU' WlB U :-
BH W WUB UU e W e e H e W W !
f mWH eH feH UI BH fBU e WU N !3!UU!
HWf UI v Wf UI mW H fW W W !
WHI W HmHI mH W W W HBI Hv !! (mN c)
mUNB, U IWB HW! BHl PHP U IW IWB P P BU Hl, B! PH, P IWHP BU Hl HP' IFU
UUBl ,mWB ,HUl IHBUl Ul H B! IFU P IWN Hl ( HUP, mHe He W..)
WUlU HIUU IFBU P HU PHP U IW HU HNW (HmHl, WU) IWH HWU (P,BWNlE) IB Ul
'P, IWH Hl IB Ul mU'P, BU UHBl HIFm B' IUN U, UHP WFl HB IB Ul |
fBH B! Uv-fMN WHI HfUH e HHe HM! WUU fmU NeBI ! IB PIHm UUH,mIFmB,
WHIB (Pl-PIBm! mF H H! HU Pl UNl PEl, WHFl P WUH) IUB Pl l PU WUP U:
vWIm WW WHfB BH MN !HWUN vW HWM fHU H WvU mUN !3!UU!WIm HU H
H Wf NvU mH WUU WB UBI!mvH WU HfW Wf NvU W WU WUU WHBI ! (33O)
mUNB, U IUB Hl ! BHl IWUUlm! UUlm! HB! HFU NF UF U U UP-IWHHB UP ! H B IUWU
UHBH P H Ul HP B! B mE UU, BINm!-BUIUm! HHB U-HFU IB UU H!F'F |
Pl-PIBm! H WU NFl BHl H H! HU HU W UIN BUU'P U B IFH UUH-WUH
IHN INm B! PH, -WUH IWH mP U Hl-UIBm WUW mE m U Hl mU'P U,
B! PH, WHFl (Butcher) IWH mP U

WHI HfUH e U fMN HMW FUUEl Plm! UU WBlm! P mHU INm! Ul HHIUm H HWP U:-
WHI BW HB efB HB efB HBU Bf ! Bf HBU WU HB Bf vN efB f !(mN 3c)
FW HUB : H HU IU UFIB UFl| H Ul WU H HUHl H HIBFU UU HIF| FU Pl BUE
IB mW H FU mUE WUW FU-UPB WH W IH P mIFml H H W!e U |
PIF HUB : H W HBW NU U| H HUE N HU HBl UE H!P U, UU BU! P NU mUNB
fBa H W!eI U| BU HUB : WIH WIU HUlm IUH NU Hm| H B IBB HU N U-
U, U-IFHBl Pl WH HW FFl | HU B HU IHNE B H P HU WUl UE H!P U U FUUEl
U B HU Ul Ulm! B' UB!Pl U |H, H B fBa Ha M WH H W!e U B W H W!e U ;
WN IFEBl BU| E HF : BU P HUE N H Pl IUUBl UE HU-HFIB IB IBUE Nl mB UPFl
Nl UEPl U, B mHN UEPl U H HU P WU UUIU FIUP W F F | WU W IFU IUIU W
l Hl HWIB WU | UWU Nl IUUBl mUNB UUH HU FFl mB UU BlW P HU l HU IFm|
IFH BU! Hl HWIB Pl Pl B U FFl | H, Ha WM U, B vN : H, WH, W, HU mB
efB :fBa, UUH | FUUEl Plm! UU WBlm! P mHU N W WlBl FFl IFH BNW Pl ImIm
IB H IWU HUE Pl BUBlU UPN HWPl U U BUmB H HUE N UFl | UmB WBlm! H
Ul HUU WUPlm! U IWU'IW HI NW H eI UI U |
WHI H fHM UfBm WH NN I! vW MN Uf fU WUB WHI WHI !uu! (mN 3)
mNB, U WHI! We' vUW! fWB WNeI NN e HE-HN vaI W!W B H fHM U WWN B!
vHBH WHI WHI vWe B fvW fvW mWN | fBH B! B H M HM U WWN |

NU NU, NU NN H!UH HI UI HW NU U | UU !WH NN NU HE NU NN H!UH
HI B' HHN UE B HUHU U (H W NU B WHN UW !H H!BNU HW!B NW ! H:,
mB, cO)| NUHEI, WWM NU NN H!UH HI BI HEI, WIBUE M UU BU! B UUH
UMN BU UB U ; MW NUMW HUM WU B mB H!BmU UE B HUI UU MUB U |
bicqR nwtk gRMQ / AKauqI dsm gRMQ ivc drj 9
rcnWvW dw vyrvw
H 3c (HHB O8 IUWHl) IB El FVl HIUPU IHw UB Pl HUl(),UFl HUU IHw IWN
IHw m'U W:,mIHBHU Pl El PHH FN Pl 38c Im! Pl UlU IB UB!! P U U INB U:-
(3) Wv : v 3 B' 3O :WFl HHBl HWB Ul'| Wl mlUNlm! WBlm! HUW WHUl WU IPBlm!
IB UE IB IB/ HUWN Pl UHBIB IB IN IB HUHB-H B mUIUB (WN WN: HHBB =
H WN WN) | IFH UB IB UB WU NEW IUWVB!,IBV BIUB (EUHl), IB UB FF U |
() v! 33 B' c : UU INl UlU IB IFH UB P WFl IHUN Ul U UP IB Elm! UlU! IB
IWH FU-Pl IHUN mWN UHBIB E IPB U|HFNBU HUUWN Wl UE UH | HUUNU Wl
UE UH| % N HU N Ul | IFH UB P O EP! (33 B' =O) Pl mUl WBl H H
UHl HIUHU HUP.. Pl PUF Pl H HWU WUE Nl UB mWN UHBIB Ul UNIW WM UHBfB
mNB eWI-UHBfB U |
() v c B BW : UIBB UW FN INVB| v B fMfNm WWIm! e fBa e Hv eWI
eWB U ; HHWM U fvB mv ! efH WMW HB UH ! vW H Wa |
(8) v 8 B' cc BW : mN BUl BIUB UWIB IUNH | HHBl HWB IFIB Hl HUWU U BUl
BIUB UWIB IUNH| B' HBU U IW IFH UB P m-NN HWW va (W fW eWI eN e
mW! mWB! e WN-NN) U | vHN! eI BBIH HE eHeI U fW U-H-U WM WIBI U , (WN mfBW
H 3 eI BfMW e vfm! e H)|
(u) v cc B' 33c BW : IFH UB P HHBl HWB IFIB Hl UIBB UW BUl BIUB UHBB
HBU WUP U IW Pl BUl (PUF,Ul,UFUBl,WNW..) Pl UHBB U| UU IN >8 B' cc
BW P HF! PUUIFm IFm U|
() v 33c B' 3 BW : UB UlU! IB IHUN U PUF Wl U UE W HI UNUBI WI WI
IFU U BWI eI W WUW IHU U | IFHP HWH U-U-U UU INlm! BUl Plm! PU! UB!!
N U| IFH UB P HHvBI HWB fBfB HI eN WI W HHvBHB HUHHB! IFH U Pl IUNl
UUl INH UFUBl IHHU W.. HHP mUPH P HU U U mUl UUl : Pl WBl eN
v HafBm HU vUWIm!! B' HE WIUU U IW HU vUWIm! eN eWI eI UHBB WUPlm! U|
() v 3 B' 3uu BW : IHUN mN IFm UU FN INVB|IFH UB P mUl EP UmN
EP P HV :==8,== HBU WUP U IW Pl PUF IBEU, IUUU , UINWUE ! P P'B! HU
W BFl BU!, IHNl IUl mHU, PB-HU VF WlB (m HWW va)| fBU B WI eWI eN
H fNm mB e'B-H N eI fWI HHU UI U | WFl FUHIB IFm IFU UB Ul P UUl |
(c) v 3uu B' u8 BW : mN BHIH mUB WN!BBUl 3O|..BFl|.. HB HH HN HIB
UFl |3|( U : IFU HVNl BFl HBU WUPl U IW HH WWI UI vBaUI 3O INIm IFm
U; F U U!) IFH UB P m-NN HIHe UNWB va U IHH IB IB P 8 mUBU!
HE, WE U UIFE,HU HUl mBU, UU ,UIHw, U mBU, UHUH mBU, UUH
mBU, UP mBU, HNUU mBU, IUH mBU, HU WUU UU 38! mBU IUH, mIUUB P
mBU, H UH mBU, UBU P mBU, HUH mBU, BP mBU, mB UlH! UH mBU P
IWWU U | HHvBI HWB fBfB HI HfBB W NN fmfB HHvBH UU mIUmIF P mB IB U|
(c) v u8 B' uO BW : mN fWHWB fBWIHH WN|IHUN U =3> IB P 3' mBU
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eB-aB, eW' W W, HfWB-fH, He-Hv, aHe-v, eW-eW-fHB, BIaW, HI vWBI W
vHI, HUHBI Hv, mB-fUB, N U WM, fMN HWHI, Wv v W, HBI mW H fUB,
mW-mH aB (H mW! mW e UfBm), ea-fUB, vfWB, UWB' W vHI, B W HW-
WB, WMI HUWM-UN, mW, WNN fW, fBMWI-N, vWaH, fvNWI-N, HUHv,
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He mH, aII , HH WM W UI WM (H WM WM), fa-WMW, HB-fUB, a!B-Hf,
BI W HWHI, fvNWI HWHI, WaW, fWeW v eM , vWBI WI W HN U WM, WI-eB
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fBH faW va e v uc3 uc (WM fBH vHBW e mNI fWB vW vW HWe U) B fBHBI' W
HWUW (nature) W Wa WUIPm!, (UP mB mHU BBU Pl UBN) mUB! WHl, WIUN,
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(U) HUWMI NH ; MNW N!WB WFI. m. U,!W UW,HUI HUM, HW : 3,
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aI WMI WaWH (v 8) B fMfNm U --- fWW W H' U WMI HWHM H fB WBHW U
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_______________________________________________________________
v HWW v HfBB mNI B fMN HHvBI HWB
va W NN
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c cu fBfB HI HfBB W NN BWI BfB BW HW HfU.... !8!
83 cu c3 fBfB HI HWW v WBHIW HfU !u!
83 8u c3 cu fBfB HI HWW vfHU HfU . !!
8u 8c cu - cc fBfB HI HWW v BWI BfB HU UfU.. !!
8c u cc cc eWI UHBfB
8c - u 33u-33c eWI W WI UHBB / BWI BfB UHBB
_______________________________________________________________

BM : BWI B!UB HUWW NUE !WB mB BWI B!UB BH H!BB W NN !WB
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HUNH HfU vNH fmfB v 3OO B' 3O BW ,
Ha/HMB HU v 3O B' 3O8 BW, BW HW HU fmfB v 3O8 B' 3Ou BW ,
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H HWW va fWB v 8c u BW fMNI U |
v 33c B fMfNm HHvBI HWB fBU' U , fBfB HI HfBB W BWI BfB UHBB H H
mHH fm HvaHHB HUHHB !c! mUW !
_______________________________________________________________

BWI BI WU BIHI WUI : !HUMN !F' U :- (N 33c)
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B HfUNH M WN, v 3 B Ha Hw , v 3 B BW HW e W, v 38 3u B
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NfHN eI meH N mNW WfUN mN UI UaI BUIeI U |
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WfW aH mfeW BUmB mN Pl H Wl UHBB WN | N Ul WlBl U ( ) mB IBWU
Pl H Wl UHBB =Oc B IUU IN IPBl U |

HIHB UNWB NUE (HN HNU NN) B BHH HWU B mUuu 3 B' cO BW B NHN! BI
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_____________________________________________________________
UFB UIBB HF / BU IB IHUN / mlU B IN HHBl HWB
UE FN UW FN ( fWaWB e H vHN )
______________________________________________________________
8c(3O/3) mN INHl (F! U UU) UUH IU WUB UFl |
8c=(3O/3) (PWl IU) mN PWl W UU VVU WN |
8c>(3O/) O (UNUH) mN UNUP HH |
OO(3O/=) O mN IWH HH |
O(3O/) 8 IFIB Hl PHH HWU UE UIBB UW vB H.. |
33(3O/c) IFIB Hl UIBB UW FN H W UU |
38(3O/c) c IFIB Hl UIBBHB HHU W H HU IUH U IPU |
3(3O/c) c IFIB Hl UIBB UW H BUU UU |
8(3O/3O) >3 IFIB HHNUH UUUU UU |
c(3O/33) >= IFIB UWHU PB UUIU |
=O(3O/3) >8 IFIB mwHU PB UUIU |
=>(3O/3=) > UUH PU FV-UEU' W mUUE/ IFB UUH UEU m IF U
8=(3O/3) >c IFIB Hl PHH HWU UE UIBB UW UW PB UUIU |
8(3O/3) cO IFIB WN F IWUU UU |
3(3O/3c) c3 IFIB PN B UBU |
c(3O/3c) c IFIB NU PB UUIU |
(3O/3) c Fl BlU UUE WN
>3(3O/=) c> IFIB Hl PHH IHWU UIBB UW..UIU UH NIF UUU WUU UU|
>8(3O/8) c> mN FUU (UUB) IFIU WU U UUU |
c(3O/c) =O> mN P W UU (UE NW H' ) U!U WIU N FF |
UI U Oc mN eWI W WI UHBB WN ! (eWI-vWW WfW aH fWU' fMNI )
cc(3O/c) =3O mN UH HUN | ( BWUlU UU B WIU HVH E )
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=8 B HHB 3>8 IFH UB P HH PIHm) IFIB Hl.. UH HUN UU..|
3(3O/=) = mN IUUHU (BHU) PB UU WN |
(3O/=>) => IFBl Hl UIBB UW FN IWHBU WHI HfU UVIF HHB|
c(3O/=c) =c mN UIU W mWU HNU (PF!) NHU |
8O(3O/83) = IFIB Hl PHH IHWU UEHNU B WUE |
88(3O/8) == mN WUH W UUU WU |
3c
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3(3O/88) = . BUU HHU HN UUIU UVIF .. |
8(3O/8) => UFH W UH ../ .. WH UUIU.. BB HB W EUB UF |
8(3O/8) =>3 IWH H W FIFBl HB.. HFV lB UU.. |
>(3O/8>) =c .. Fl UU HUP IUUU UW ..
cO(3O/8c) =cc IFIB Hl PHH IHWU UIBB UW mWUU IFU HU .. |
c3(3O/8c) =c IFIB Hl.. mWUU UUl WBl H UH|
c8(3O/O) =c mN HU UU HUIHU HU WN|
c>(3O/O) 8c, O3 IFIB ..I HUIHU W WU WU EUPlU HHB |
>OO(3O/3) 8cc IFIB Hl UIBBU UW FN.. WNHH UUIU .. |
>O8(3O/) O= IFIB Hl UNUP IUmU UU |
>Oc(3O/=) Oc IFIB Hl PHH IHWU UIBB UW IWHBU WHI U|
>3c(3O/) 3 IFIB Hl PHH IHWU IWHBU UPH BUU PB UU|
>3c(3O/) 3-3 HUBl mU HBVUH W IU IWH H../ IFIB IUU HU..|
>(3O/>) 3 NElm IFU HF |
>>(3O/>) 3c IFIB Hl PHH IHWU UE UIBB UW..HBU W UU W mWU..|
>=3(3O/c) 3c IWH Hl IFPHN FF / WH W IPNl HIU m WN |
>=(3O/c) 3c IFIB Hl UIBB UW FN IBWU NU|
>=(3O/c) O HB' UN' W FW HN N UN / H IF HB IUU W N..3O=|
>=c(3O/c) mN IFP UHHU W P B mB UF WN |/ ..HU PB UUU |
>8O(3O/c) HNU UWU.. / HN HUH UH HB IUmU WN |
>83(3O/c) > IFIB Hl PHH IHWU UE ..IFP W HlB WU WN IUE INmB UF|
>8(3O/O) c IFIB Hl PHH IHWU UE UWHl UUH HHB |
>8(3O/3) c mUU Hl W UVU WN |
>8c(3O/) =O UWH UU IUmIF HHB | ; UB W IU Wl WN BU..
>c(3O/=) =c IFIB Hl PHH IHWU UE..UHU W HlB mUU U W UVU..|
>3(3O/8) =c IFIB Hl UIBB ..IWUN (IFUIFU) W W B WV W UUU WUB UF..|
>(3O/) 8O IFIB Hl UIBB UW FN UNUP FWN (UH) IU HIF WU mB UF|
>>(3O/) 8 IFIB Hl UIBB UW..IHFN W!Hl W U HUB UUU.. (U'UUlW WN)
>c (3O/>) 88 IFIB W (U / U!PU) W UNUP UU WlU ..|
>>O(3O/c) 8 IFIB Hl PHH HWU UE..H!U W UVU INmB UF |
>>c(3O/>) 8c IFIB Hl UIBB UW ..HUIHU W UU WU IPNl() H mB UF |
>c(3O/>8) 3 IFIB Hl UIBB UW..UHH HF WIU HHN (IBBN) UUIU IUmIF|
>c(3O/>) 8 !U HU H' PUHU W mH/ HIUHUU W HU UIF WN |
>c=(3O/>c) PBW mU IPUN U / UWB PB UUU, UPUN PB UU|
>c(3O/>c) c IFIB Hl PHH IHWU..(IFNN W U) PB W HUB UF|
>cc(3O/cO) O IFIB Hl PHH IHWU UE UIBB UW..IPH HPH W PUP PU ..|
cO8(3O/c) 3-= IFIB Hl PHH IHWU..WNB IU HF WUW|
c3c(3O/cc) IFIB Hl UIBB UW FN.. UHH!FB (UHHHU) PB UUU|
c3c(3O/cc) > IFIB Hl PHH IHWU UE..IUFNB HF|
c(3O/cO) --- Hl IWB Wl HB' W UE ..B B' Wl HV IFBl UUl IW
UW U W INV WUU' UUHE mB N
uO eHH WN UNB WI UN WI HfB!.mNB UNWB va
e eHH HW eI WN fMNI WfH HH mvaI UN (HMI) fWB fMNI U | vW Wa |
HHvBI-HWB :: fBfB HI eHH fHW va HfBB W NN fWHWB
HHvBHHB HUHHB! v uO!
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S' HzU 0 |N N N|U |HW H|0 H 5t? |U N-U| S 0U | H 5t? - 5?Oc ( HM N|HU|
U HH) U NU 0HN S S NU 0| 0|, |UH Nz S' 0HN NH |H 0U 0 HS 0| NMN-H |H
0U 0 | N N H|0 H| NH U| |KH (Definition): |H H|U 0 H H|SN H H0
HH w H H H H U N|S |U |U N'U 0 |
H, 0HN NH 0| ; N S' H |H 0| 0HN H'U 0 |
t7 :- (KNz| H ) KU| H|S H| w |N NM N| w ( c5O S NM / U| U H )
|M| N| HUH NF| H |8m N|Uml H| m N H|J8 M H8UH| H N NM U |N- UH
N N N|8U |HW H|J8 (W U HN) U|-HN |M N |U N |J J | N N H|0 H| U |z 0 :
S N0|S 0| |U K| w HN|S N| | N0 X| w (N c>0)
H U| HNS| U HNS| 0| U HNU| , HU| N, U| U| , |N' HNS| U HNU| 0 1
U| U HM 0 H|U w (N 57c) , (H|U S U|-U|S' U | NH| 0| 0U)
:- HNM 0 |S w U| NMN HS 0H w
H UHH N |U |S HNM (H0NM) S HS U| NMN (U|) 0| |UH- |U 'U 0|
|H F |8 |H H| U |UN H m-|H U U|Hm J |HH H8N H| U HH |JH HU (H8NM,
HJNM) U J m 8 |JH m (NMN,UN) U J| |UH N U |M| N| HUH, N| H m|UN H-HN|
|8 U F| J H |N 8 (H) |JH m U| NM, UN, NMN U H| J| |UH N| |8 m

3
77
JH N N|8U |HW H|J8 M H N H|J8 U| |U| N J | U|-U N H|J8 U Hl |Hl U |UHJ J|
J HNU|88 N H| U| MJF(U|-HN) NH| NU 8H N N mNU (W HN) 8F |U H|
>0->c :- U| U|S N|S |MHw U| N |0M|
|UH HN |8 U| 8K| (UN,8KN ) U HNJ, HJH , H m|UN Ul HF U |HN J| mUH H UH
|UU U H Ul J |Mm l U| Ul H N |UU U |Hm H H Um|Um | mN , U0w M
UN 0|U NU| H|S N U H w m |UU U H U N U| 8KN mM J NU| |
| ||H H| m J U NF H |UU U U| m| NU UH NU J:
HWw WS H KU 0 H0'H U N S H H 'w HNW N |UN U K S 0 |H|M
||0 M' w M SM |HUN N M|U H HH |HM' w |N N N N N| HX
X |S |U'w0w H N| W| N| N| M N| 'w S| N N H HU
U (|UU) N |M H'w U S UX U N UX (NH) KM H NNH XS(UM) M' w
0S NM0M (H) U| |H|M U N N|M HN|M N' ww U0 w H U S S U |
S w S| MN H H N H H|S (UN HSHS|) H wtw
HH| |UH HW HS U0 U H |U N HS| U |HM 0 H NU|H' |U NU| H 0 0'| HW |U
|UU U U U NH ||UH 0 |H HX HS HH' U 0|H' 0, U 0 0 0, HNW 0 0 0, H HS
W H 0 0,N' US M' U| NN |UU US S' |M0 0 0 0, 0Hz U S UNHz U N, |UU
U| NH NN UU S UM U |N H S M 0 0, U| |U H H|UH 0|UH 0, U|SH' U HNM N 0
|0 0| U| U SH-S NN U|SH' U'S' H' H H |HMz NN U|SH' U| HK | | |UH S' |S
MN' |U U| U| H H 0U| S UN HSHS| (HNW F |U') U N|S |N |
|UH HW S U0 U H' N|S N-U |U N N N H|0 H| U| |U| 0|
cc :- U|0 |H (UN) H|0 |U0 HK NH S N0 'w ' w XU 75 w
H|S HW N| N |U0 | KU| 0 w XU 77w (H|S HW = U| U HS H HMN' M| N, UN HSHS|)|
U' XU UN U| U| N N|UH' N|H' U 0 | N U ' cOc S U|-HS|S H| ;
UN S |XH S |H S w ( cOc),HH 0 |N |H U U| UN 0| 0
|HHU| N HNW ||H ?OO HMN' , UN HS-HS|, |U |M| 0 |
KM HU, N N|U |HW H| US U 0, 0 U| |H / UN S' |N' |UN HNFN 1
55c S' 57> :- (U| U| , NM |' ) |0M' |UH U U |HM UN N| H| (
HHS| HNS) | |NH U |U UM N H| KNS| H| N| N|S |NH| .H| KNS| H| H0|U w H|
KNS| H| N| w SH0| 5O w |H KNS| |HH N N N MU| |H|U w(| 5 )..
w UN z|UH HK |H' w | H| H|UH |H |U0 N|UH w(| )
|UJ HN 8K| U| NN | H|Fm HlU J m | 5 HHU mUH U H J |HH 8UMF U| M J |N|N
NF H |UH | |U KNS| U U| KNS|, UN 0 ( HJ NH U| N |HW)|
| |8 MU| N| UNHJ HN | v MU| H H |m |m| v N| U m |N J;
|UJl N|ml U m J |N U| UN |N H H H| | 5 |8 m HNM8 H| KNS| H|
H0|Uw HS |HM H| KNS| H| N| w |8 N| U m U| UN, 8K| J| J |N|N |M| N| HUH
SH0| 5O |H' NH0 Nz MU| |M|H |NH 0; |U0 UMN| / -| 5 S N| H'U| 0 |H |M|H
0 w SH0| 5O w H U|H HS wS HWH H HS KU| w) N| HWH U |UH KNS|,
UN, U| 0 m H| |8 U| UN U HJH, HM8 , 8K, HK, HF8|H (N8|H),H, |H Ul M
H NN J H N |UU U U |Hm H H Um|Um |
SH0| 5O HS M 0| N| HWH U| N| X , |N' 1 HH 0 |N |U0 U N| HWH U| 0 ; N N|U |HW H|0
H| U| 0| | |UH S' U NH0-N / KM- |HM SH0| 5O ttc S | 0|

4
7
5>-5c :- w7cw UU| w H NM HK HN N SS w S S KW SH |WS w HU|
K| H N0U| w |H |HN| W0 |HH| U| w7cw NM KN w S H|0 M|
HN|S HK 0 w0w (S, NM 0| K| NM KN 0, |HH|-NS 01111)
|UH HN |8 |H J m | K NN |8m N| J | H m U| |UJ N N F mHJH HN
|8 MU| NU| J, HH l U U H U |U | NM U| J| | l |U J, H| |HHJ| | 8FU|
(!), |UJ| HH U | (!) J |
5tO :- |H|M U HU |H HW w N HWH N|S H NW w ( N| HWH U ' N H| )
5c7 :- NM N| U|0 H N|N |H H0H w N| |UU 0H |NS H|H N HMH w m Nl |H ,
|H,|UU, 8JH HH, 8UH,F N U NM U H| |8 J !!! |UH 8 m HN |
m N| MNU J |N |M| N| HWH 0| 0 |HHU |UH NM (U| K| ) 0 |
5c :- |H U H|NH H U| w NM N| N| U| w m mJ U 8 mU v m m J|
8MU v cv .. |H | NM (|) U| J| |H NU J , Nl |Hml |8 |NJ |H !
70 :- v?7v H| 8MH|N H U| 8| v 8MU 8N |8 H| H | v H|m ( H| ) H|N M| NU H
m v H U NH UN H H w?70w.. |U| H| 8|8 JN Hm U|U |m HH v75v
|UH HN |8 |H| 8MH|N HNM |8 H8U M |UN 8| U N|JF |mN |U| H| mF| NJ|m |8 M mlU
| H, 88 m NH M m |m-HN J N U| UN U H N| | |M| N| mF| H H|
m 8MH|N H| N UN HN 8F |U | UN| N N|8U |HW H|J8 | N| HUH |Nml |UH 8MN|
M U| HN |H N U| H|HH 8| J |
70:- v5v 8U| v 8JH NU | | HJl v NM |UH|S H0' w NJU |8H NJ |NJ 8MU| v |NH
m H HU| v 7v UJv NM N 88 H J HJ|U v H HKM N |8 HH U J| |U
vv. 5c7 mH| 8N Jl |N NM U| UJ |8 Nl |H J l |NJ |H |NJ 8MF
U| NM N|| ! NM , | |NH H l |JU| J ! Nl |8Hl 8 |NJ |8H NM |NH m
MU| JNH |U, 8JH |H NM-U| U HN ! |M| N| HWH, N| H H|UN U| | N|HH HK
NM, K|, U|, UN, NMN, KNS| , |H U HN S H|NH-N| UHN |'' |z U| 0 |
7:- U| H N| HSS N w U| m| N|, MN | 0 N| HH SM N| |H UH N wcw
J HN |8 Nl U| H F M , N|8l ml U HF F M W |8 J NU| U| U m|UN J| |
N N H| U| 8F| U |F J ; J| H|N H|N N |Um H U m|Um HH v(mH H:5) |UH
8U KNS z U UHH HN S HS |NH HS |H N|UH' |UH N U U |0H (SN| O ) N|
HWH S N| H |SH 0 ||U0 N|H' U| N|-X HK S' |UH U |U |HMU| 0 |(: 7c S'
7cc SN N| U| 0 U| N N| HWH HHM|M HUH |U |M| 0 | HN U| HSS NU| 'U|' |M| 0 11
7cc:- v N| U w H|M w | UN HS 0H |U0 UW w | UWH ( |U ) 0 HH N 0H |HS KW w
UN H |U0 |N 0H N|H|H w 0 N N 0 |UH H U U|H|H w7cw
U|-N |M| N| HUH N|ml | U| 8K|, UN U HN |H N |U |
Oc :-(|NH |8 U| H| |N!) U| H N| HSS N w KHN WS XU w ..
S0| HN H|SM SSM 0 w || KH HNH S 0| N|H 0 w075w..S0| HK HK 0S| K| w..|H H|SM
HNM SSM 0 w07tw..UU| w H NH|0 |H H' w |NH |H N0 0 |' w
N H |0U |S H w |M MN| H| N |U H w00w H0NM 0H wH0M0
H |NN w H N w 0 N0 N| MH |U w0wH KNS N W
w 0 N N|S || w |NH H HS U|S U w UN 0|U N| M0 H w00Ow
|NH m U| N ( N F U UHH HN m UH mUU U| N ) JM H J| JU| | |UJ N
?O S HHS 0U| 0 N| HWH U| U| HSS |UN |N' |U| , HUH N| U| H !! |UN H

5
70
N| |MU J |N H NH, |NH, |8H J| |mU, N M HF J FU J|, l | |NH m U
|H M |M |N |J J ! |UHJ U H N| HUH |8m N|Uml |MU J, 0 H0NM 1 S 0| H M 0',
J HJ MJ ! H HN J, H| |M 8l |8 MN| JU| J | H mF HH H| |m N , H| 8lJ
mF |8U U| MH | HK S' |0M' H U| KNS| U |H U 0' m | NU| l U| N| |MU Jl |
|H| N H| mNM J H mH |NH 8| 8U Jl | H |N NU| KM H' NMS| 0 H S', 0 N1 H 0|
H MU|'| N| NM NU 0 |N 0 KMz0 0 | HH| N H|0 KMz0 0| H HNU | H,
|U0 |US N N KMF0 U|-HN N|' U| U 0 |N KM N UHH N U| |
0:- w?cwU0w H0 U H U N UM H NH wHH S|W MKU H H|N M|U |HH w?cw
|NH,8MH,UHU H 8K|-HN 8F |U J N| HUH ! (8|8 JN N |NHm 8K| H |m|U)
ct:-U0w N (H0NM) N| |N S | U| |U w KM 0|U H0' S0' H N| |H0 HK H w
N| | NMU 0 |N 0 KMz0 0, NMS|H' N H MU, |M| N| NU| |USH 0| |
0c :- wHWw 0 | 0 H|H 0 N| H| |S| H| M|H w H'NS 0 SH S
NX U0S 0 |S H HU| N|H w HHS |H |S 0| K|S H H N|0 HU S|H w HS H0|U
HU HN H|U |N N HWH |U0 U|H w5cOOw (..|NHS..H|H ..)
HWH N| HN H|U S HNSHS (UN) S' HN |0 0 | UU S S N|S H |N HH U
U| |U S| U |HM 0 |UH HW U N|S N HHS 0 |N'|N N N H|0 H| U| F|
N X| UH| N |HH|0 HH |N U M H0-|NS K| HH' M NH
0| N |M 5 U HF |H NU 0 |N |H 0| HNH|U 0 |
5:- HU HK 0 HS K| |U U| w N0 N| HWH |H H HK
HNH|U H0| 0U| w7Ot5w N NF |N 0c U HW |U HN |U
HNH|U |H S UN 0| | 0 N| HWH | (..UHH |HN F ..|NHS.. )
5c, 0> : NH N |UM| H|0 H N w(Um |8 |UM| HJ |N JH| ! KM 0U| N| NM' )
77 :- |NH mH H8 H ..|NJ |N 8JH H' HHU H U |N 8F|Um !
(. |NH U 755 ) | N H8 |F M |M| N| HUH |NH mH | H8| 8F |U |
>5 :- H H H0 H H|S N| N w N0 N |US M|U |UN w (|0NMN| HS)
H8,N H F M N| HUH mF| H| (mNM) H |N N|| ! HU |N 55? N| HUH U HU J
|N H K'N H|H U w S N0 H| N0 N H ww HS, HU| U| HS 0 HH' H| 0|0U| 0 |
c :- ..0| H 0|HU H0N wXU 5tw |N0 0 0| H 1 J |JNMN| (NMN|) m J ;
NM m U| 8KN J| J |HH H U H MU|, H HUl U |H MU| m 8-H| MNl H8 N MU|
m |Mm J : H H| M| S w HU HHHS H (H) 0S w NMN| S N HUS w5tcw
ttc :- N H| U N| N|J N H H N| HWH 8| v F |m|U U 8 J| HU H| HN KH
K| v0ccv (U HJH)| |M| N| HUH mF |UHJ U| | m UN U| J| H NU J|
>5O:- N H| SH0| 5O w K H SN0 MH 0H| w |N|H NM S UH| N|NS H N| w
m NM J| |N U HN , mUH| , NH HN, MH 88F M J | (W U H|N !!)
N N|MHz : 5O wSS HNMN H|H N W|U U|U HW w
m H8NM,HJNM U| M (m|H) U NU| J| 88 N m H|Nm |
>55 :- |SMN N|..w NM NM U| NS w |U S |S HS N KH0w5w..
NM / HJNM U| mH| NF-8N-H| |H F |8 |H-HJHH U m N|| NU| J |
N UN| :5Ov..H J|H 8 HN J HN H J J v 8JH |8H U HH H|H S |H NM HK 0|
>5 :- ( HW) w H MM (MM) |UNM 0| NM N MNS N|0 |U U w77w

6
7
NM J| |U |UU 8JH N|J UK NHKM H HU v NM J| |U HU |HH H UH 8UH |Um JH HU v
NM J| |U U |HJ NU HN UlJ| |J H |J8U v 8U N8 N U H |H NM NM |N| HW
w7w v NM (HH) NU |U NH |H H, NM |NM 0|H |USW w.v70v
0 U |U NM/H0NM, K|, UN U| |HXS W U SM N|S| 0 | (NH|S | ) |
cOc :- (U|S W H ) | U| HS|S H| KNS| U H0 w.S 0| H| K| wS 0|
|HHS w HNM NM| wUN S |XH S |H S w (U| HSS U|S W S'
|0M' N| N| KM 0| ) S, KNS| , K| , NM| , UN , |H |UN |UN 0| U| U '
0 | N HS|S H| 0
c5O :- NM U H , ( |US NM / NMN U| U HSN U H |U)
( : 05 S | NM U H 0| H |US| 0 ) :-
H N| HM |UH N H NW NM H |H K w
MU MM NM |U U KM |HS 0 |W w
X 0' M H0 |NM |HM MH U |S HW w
XS HM MU N WM H NM HU |SM |S0 w
NM |U |H' U| HM , H| N, 0 |U K| SM/HHS , MM z|H' H' |H' H S HN,
z|H' M'', -|KH-|KHN-UU, H0 |U' |NMU|H' HN U|H' M' , 0 |U |, H 0 NM U
H, H |N S0 (1) MF0 0 |
U| HSS |U UH 0 UMS ' UN, K|, KNS| (KNS| ), NMN, H|U HNS|, HNU, U|, |H, NH|
0| (H U| H| Nz M| ), NM H|UN 0 | |U0 |H H| U| S| U| S| U 0 | N
N|U |HW H| U| |XM HH U| HWS N |U N| H0NM NMN | |M N N H|0 U|-HN |H
Nz U| N|HH N|S| 0 | HH| H 0| 0| HNU |N N N H|0 U| UH|' HS W U| H |SHN N U|-HN
z HU | N N|U |HW H|0 H| UH N U| -U|H' U| H|HH 0 |
c5 :- H W|U H| KNS| |SW HN w (|M| N| U| U| 0| KMU)
HS, HK S' |0M' H (N| HWH) U| KNS| , UN |H'U 0' | |SW U|S |MU 0' |
ccc :- H NH HK 0| UM| NM N H 0|U w ( NM HS U| UN, KNS| ; |SW U|S 57c)
5OO :-..|H H H S H' SWNW w |HH N |U H MNW w (|SW U|S 5O) |UH HN |U H
|H-KNS HS z| |H-KNS UH NU 0| z| XM NN H |H-KNS z |UU| 0 | H| NS| |HW SS
|H N |NW HH U|S H| w57w |M| U| HH 0 |NH |H H' S| U KNS zz U| 0 |
55cc S' 575O SN :- |U0 |SW U|S 7tt 0S 0| | M M 0 |N'|N
|UH HN |U H0NM U |H (UM) FF U| || UH| NU| 0 | H |U HN |U' 0 :
H HH|S H | KNM |UN |UH (|S) H' |UW H|UH NU| 0 | |UN |U HH S' |0M' 0U N
U| 0 |N |S H| H|MNH (|H ) U| H N 0 0|HNH| |S H| HH'U| 0 |U HH N H
0 H HH 0|w 57 w | NM U| |HU| UHU| 0 WM NM N |N0 W w |H |U0 UU0 MN W
w XU 0? w HS |UH S' NM 0| HH HU| 0| 0 H U N HU| 0 HW (UN) N H H0NM
H H H| (HS|) N HS SS H'NS HS 0 ww | KN |z MU| U| 0 HS | HU| 0 H0NM H
N HU H|H WW w | UU0 SH HN SHW w..wctwH0NM 0| N N N X
wccw..w |UH 0H H0NM N H w c5w H NM N W w S NM (HS) 'H |0
Hw. ccw ..HH|H' 0 | NS|H' 0 | HNH| U |UH S' HHz M HU |S H| H0NM U |H z
0| N|S S' HNH| U|S |UH| |S U 0 U| |U H|H, H H (1) NS |US HS |N0 |N
H H HN S| |HN|US N'N| S H 0 |UH 0 H S 0 N |UH'N| | |S H| H'U 0 ; H0NM
7
7t
U |H z MU| |SH 0 H'U 0 | |UH HN U H| U0 H0NM U |H zz U| || |U' UHU 0 :-
|U0 XM H |HH|0 XM 0 UU 0|Uw H0NM N |HW N| HU KN ||Uw57w
H HU 1 XM N NN H0NM U |H F|U, KN S H |M N| N MN HJNM U m
|JN NU J N N|8U |HW H|J8 H| HJNM- NMN U HN UHU J l | J MN N H|J8 |
N-H8 |F M | HU JFN | NU| | H |H |UJ NM J| H HNU |N|N N N H|0 H| U H 0
: |HS N | 0 |N HU XX K w ( H H0M 5, N tO)
HH 0 |N H0NM U |0N 0|' | H HU|U, N| H HJNM (Hl HU| | NMN)
UHH N H|J8 H| U |UH J HNU J !
5c S' 5cc SN :- m| |U 8|, 8 0O..H H|HN 8|8 N|JH v
H H|H| m U|ml U U|W U U M HN.. UH m UH U MJ(HH)mH |8 JNF mN|
|NM| |HH |UN 8M (|UH|) U J NU|(!) J | mH-HH M N HN NF MN|.. H |8 HN| M |mJ U
|m.. U| | U| |N M MN |N HH 8|H l U U U H | H U| HNH |
JN|..HH HH N U M HN NF MN|, Ul U J U H 8M |W NU|, U| NMN U |m N|,
NMN N U| |m MU| M | Ul H MN|..v0v. mN U ?? |U |M|m J|N |N H UK
H v S H0NM N w |H UH U(1) S KW w H N NM| N W (0HM N|S) w
H N|Uml HJNM U N |m |HH 8JH,|H m|UN H K NU HJNM U| HF |8 m NU vccv N
XU c5 S cc SN H0NM U| HS|S N|S| 0 ( |U0 H0| HSS 0H| N 0 U X M| UU|,
XU >> S' XU 0O7 SN, |U | N|S| NU| 0 ) :-
SH 0 HNM MN |HSH w N NH N| |H w H|U HNM HH| | K w ||N |M HNS H wc5w
||N |H H|H| w H HN N SS NH| w |N |SW HWK w SS HS H0 HS wc7w HS
|0 H ||U HU|UN w U H U N W|UN w H|S H| H|SS |Hw KS K| K |H wcw H|U
HS H HKH w W W K|S |NW H w HS HS |S 0U| w HN HU HS N0U| wc0w H|U
HN|U HU K UNw | | H|S ||S HNw HK HN N0 |U0 || KHWw H UN HN |UW wcw W W
H|0 HU| WNwHNM H| HS N NwHS H|S NS HNwSN0 N0S |HSN HN N H wctw SH HN N
N NSw W| W| N| H|S H0 w |N | |MH w HK0| N H N| S|0 HMH wc?w SH0| 0H
|H W w H0' U SH 0| HW w SH0| || NH|0 w |USH H|US H wccw HN N
N || HH| w NHM HS| N HH| w UW|H U| N UWM w 0H |N | |NM wcc w
|M Ul (?? m c5 cc N) NJ M |8|ml HHJ JU J |N |M| N| HWH H0NM, NM|, U-
H H M| U| UN H|UN ' |UN 0| 0HS| (|H U H-|H ) MU| SU 0 | mN :
N| N| N NM H| 8J| v 8 HH M HJ| v..v5O7v..H0' NM N KW HS w K|H |X N| SS
w5Ocw HS NM / H0NM H| H|UH , S U|H, H|| 0, |N 0|' | mN : HJlNM
N U H8J| v mH mN |8U 8J| v57vv |H U mU | NM H v 8J H N H J
v..v5cv..Ul U HJ |8 HNM, , H|SHN |U |N' N 0 NU 11 HJNM JHM NU J :
HJlNM N N J v UN H v7OOv.v |UJ |8| U U H v NN mH |NU HH
v70?v.v | m|HH mH H |88 v..v70cv.. |U'
NS|' S' HH 0U 0 |N H0NM,NM,NNS,|HH |UN 0| H|| US U ' 0 |
mNM NU| U | |UH N U |UHJ NM U| |U0| HHM|WS (|H U H-|H ) HHF mU| J :-
HJlNM N| HH J v H 8| UHJ H H v75v.v |UJ |8| U H8 HNH v |NH| |U UMJ J
8H v|HW 8J| (UN)H |8H vH|J |8MN U UM H v5v.. N|N HJl NM m| (|) NJ v 8UM H H
J| UM J v0Ovv HJlNM N| H H| H MU 88|U v m H UH HN U H 8|U vv H H
|HNS N| |S|S N |U w |S 0 U |HH MS U|U wt>w 0| H N
N|H H w H| |HNS HNS N w>0w | XH N N H|H w H| |HNS HNS
8
7>
N U|H w 0 |H| NN S KU| w HK|0 | U| UU| w>wW W MN N Hw
UH U0 N| |H w M K N |HH0 w UH H| H|0 M0 w>tw
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c= ;- FUU HE JHF F U UU IW HIU |
P mP IBV W J EB IU |
c8c :- BBN W BIUB W HWB WU IF |
BP HU HU mHU HJ UUH IUH HU UIF |
cc :- UUH IUH HU mHU HJ UIU IPUIF |
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3Oc :- IFP IUH UUH IH UFl | !Bu B!UB B HBB WFI !
33= :- BBN W BIUB W BlI HWB IU WIF |
UUH IUH UPIP HJ HU HUIB WU UIF |
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IBV W WE IUHH WIUV| IBV BIUB B IHV mIB UIUV |
3 :- mB IBV W IW V | !HU !HU!H HU!U NWBu !
IH IFU IWV HWN HHU | U EI JP IBV UU |
3c ;- IF IFHIB W BIUB mU |H!H NWBu !F WUBU !
3c :- !Bu W B!UB !HU H | HU UP Jl WE E |
IFWl UB FW Ul Fl | IH IFHBl HFPlH UFl |
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H!UU U mNBI BHH NN NU NN H!UH HI B !WUUI NN U ; !BmNE uN U|
U!BB W NN / mNBI BHH NN B !MNI 29
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ASlIlqw, nSw pRcwr krn vwlIAW Aqy Awcrn-hIxqw isKwaux vwlIAW rcnWvW :-
v 8 :- vIB WIB vU vB U fWvM UIWB M!W WB! (WM UHBfB..)

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v 3O8O :- H H UN HIB mH WI ! fBB B W WI ! vWf HIB mv Uvf M
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v 3 :- W BfU Wf W HB NW ! W e Hf UN fHN MW !
( UN = fBHBI NvB mN ; MW = He NvB mN )

v 3c3 :- f HWM fB Bf HWBI !U!fB U!fB W HN UvBI !
mH W Bf HU U ! BHfe N wB mv ! (WmIm! MWWIm! NMB fHfNm)
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v 33c :- vHB U!N mEIH HNWfU ! BW HW eU H BWWfU !WEfU UB HHH WHUI !
WIW WB eU fHfM BH UI !U!fB U!fB B mH M W ! BH m mfMN W W !
(WEfU = aH; HHH = HHB), mNB a fWUB B' HUI UI |

v 38 :- vNH W WH W MN ! BH I M vM HW ! WH fBU fMN H UN B
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v 3uc ; BfB vN / fB BfB : 8O :- vHB U!N mEIH fNMfB! mH B! B
eI HfB ! BH fB mfMN MB!fMN eB fBU UN H UB !!UN H fMN eI
W WH! fB UvWI BI W fW BH! Mvf Mvf mH Bf NBI! BH WB Uv W UBI
!8! NfU NfU BfU W N MNW ! mH H' mHfU WUW ! m H' eU m MNBI !
e'U WB H' WB fHMBI !u! (m=U ; WB=WBIm!)

mHIm! mW! U vWBIm! aH WfW mB H WfW fBB fBH aWB-HBIB mNUBI eHH NN
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fWB WIB IW vfWm W HWe U |

aWB-HBIB fBB HaH MN U fW eWI-UHBfB Wfem! WI UN (fBHBI NvB mN) mB fMN
(He NvB mN) MEH! eI WB' NM-WM U W We U| HWHI UN BWaW WvMI eI fMNI
HUWMI UvH vHBW e v B aMW :-
fMNHN fMNI fMN-fvaI fMN-HeI ! fMN-NIfB-HUvIB UN-NIfB-HU-HN !
UN-fMN-mfHB-vIB UN fMN HWfvaI !UN-fMNH v B UN-fMN HNWU !

mBMIM BUB! WMIm! UB!W! NU N!UB !Hw WI BIm! UI' U HWBIm!|
bicqR nwtk gRMQ / AKauqI dsm gRMQ ivc O
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fBH NN e mNI fWB BfB vN B' He HEHU mB 33 fUWB! U | WEUHU P UU 3
INIm U mB 33l' IUWVB P mlU B ( 38c ) UU 3 INIm U |

3=cc B WUUHU P HFNBU % UWH HfB HI WfUN WI WI UBU! IUNWN WN Ul
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IN W UHPl IUmFl WU UU U mB UU WFl BmU! IB UH EUUl, WNH HWU mIPW INP U
| Wl IFU m-IUUl INmN PHH W Hl IN UEF

IUWVB! Pl IB-HB ( subject matter) BIUB V / IBV BIUB! N U-U-U HN !P U| IH'
BIUB V WI BVH B WI UH Pl UB ( , HBU INl Wl-E ) IB' Ul IUWIFB! IFU!
Wlm! Pl UB U | U IN WB H BU B U WU WUUl U :-
( 3 ) BfB vN : (v 33O) eI WUaI fUWB : u (v 38O) fUWB aIeH W
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IB IFH BU! U :- IFW WWlUHPl HPU BlIFW HPU H UH HUN IHw N ImU Pl
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BWB WlBl,Ul B! HB UH FN H NFl UUl WU W wU N mFl mUl UB VU UH N
BUU EU FFl |
BIUB V : > Pl WUEl ( 33O) :- UH UHIFW WWl Pl Bl UH B HIUB
UH Pl WWl HUE Pl BUBIHU WU INmFlUH UU IFm WIUm IHU UUHP UE B UH B
WBN P PBUPBU HU!FlU WN IBWIFBHB B' UU W UH HNU WlBlHW HE P NW! WIU
W UH WN m FFl |

() fBH B! mNI fUWB : 3 (v 38) aIeH HN WU WH mHIH
mB BIUB vN : 3 (v 333) ; PU! WUElm! IB mUB UE..VU HU W Bl HUHE
HBl UE FFl..VU HU W UUP HH Bl m IPB|

() fUWB :3 e mNI B fMN am :-
IUIPU HWlV HFU HUW Ul | IW H U UWUHB HF mPU |O|
NUNU UW PH UPH B W | FH UU P mNH EUHB W|3|3|
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BW Ufm UW fWH H' U WM vI'e U! mB eU! WU! e H UM fem! |3|3|
IFH HWH B IUWVB : P BmU :8, IUWVB : = P BmU : , IUWVB 8 BmU 3=c
mB 3=c,IUWVB BmU O,IUWVB BmU 8= , IUWVB > BmU 8c mB 8c ,IUWVB c BmU
8 , IUWVB c P BmU 8= mB 88, IUWVB 3O P BmU 3>c mB 3>c , IUWVB 33 P BmU c
mB O BUU mB B UBE NFl UWH!P U | fUWB 33 e am uc mB O:-
IUIPU HWlV HFU WWU | PU WB HFB IUVHP U WU |c|
IW UHB PU PU WB NHH mEWl | IW VW WUBVH ElN U Wl |O|33|
mNB, U HWI! H vHB e WfWm! eI aH e fvmM HNa W WN WM H WH m HW !uc!
fBHe fBW w vI W UNI WfNm W HWe U !O!33!
3
(8) fUWB! e a fWB WBI Wv B fWB fMNI aHeWMI :-
IUWVB : :- ( 3=c8) mNW mUW mv mN ! mN mH mUH mMN!3! mN mv
mN mN ! mWH mH mUB mUN !! mWe mUe mWH mWH ! mNe mUe mUH mUH
!! mN mUN mMN mUN ! NPP UIBP U UF UF |8| IUWVB BlPH ..
IUWVB : 8 :- fW HI feUe mHB HW UIH ! UUFl IPU UIUHF WUlH |3|
IUWVB : :- IUWVB BlPH PNBU WlU | fW UHM WHM mHB UUB WHlU |=|
IUWVB : >:- NPP UNIBPU UBHU |fW HU HU mHB HIUU IPVU |3|
BUlmB UUNHB UHM WHM!B UHM WHM EWlNB WHN ||
IUWVB :c :- IUWVB BlPH BU mHH | fW UHM WHM mHB HfUH WH|=|
IUWVB : 3O :- IW HB WlUHB HIUU BUU|fW HfUH feHN mHB HU HU !8!
fW IHU mW! UP UUB WHlU | fW UHM WHM mHB HfUH mHI !u!

Uv fMN WB (3),(),() B' HE HU Ue U IW INUl BIUB V INE N IWUl,
IUBUl HB N , B UBE N WI BVH H! UHP HNl WI UH U | IWBBU P ( 8c>)
WNHH UU mIUmIF IB WI BVH EUHl IB HV INP U :-
HW!WN efBe WMWH HNfBe WIH UW W aUH! H H WN HN W H UfNW feM H W
W WUH! W H! eIm mUBHH HuH aH meMI HU aUH!W NWI HW B fHm NHHBW
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IFH HV B' HBU UP U IW WI HVH EUHl WU IB l INP U|
Uv fMN WB (8) fWB eHBI aHeWMI Wv fWB WI fMNI U| HWM ve Ue U fW Wv eI
aHeWMI WfW aH BBI U W! Wv WfW aH eI B U

v 3 : % HfBN vHfe! HI WfUN WI WI UBU ! Wv ! HI HNWW vfBaUI 3O !
HP' WFl mIHB EWE HH mP U: Hl IUFU Hl W NNH | Hl IUFU Hl Wl EBU|
B! vW fvm eHe U fW HI mN U W EBU NWBI WW | NFP U IW IFH FN P INUl IFH
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3O! mN BUlH mBU| BUFl|mU BUUlH UBU' mBU|IHU IUU IB W N mU| HlmU
HB HU IBB NFl | HB HH WN HB UBI !3 !
WfW HVH mEl UB HElW IHU WUE NFl BBUl 3O IHUN N HU IPB U|

H WM WM !..H HH WM ! UBUIPm! HUIB >= Pl WBl ( IFBU P HU) HHWM
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U IB H HUPl U;% HIBH B' UU H!Pl U|IUU H UEl UlF IW
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WU N IFU FN UE BW FUIH! IWU' H Ul WlB |

HW U!WN B! UI HU!NmB U mUNB HWI BWBI B! UI UWNI H mHI WWM mB WWM NU
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HUuB HW WIBU W NUHEI mWM HEFIF, H NU NN B !FWHU MN UW |
H!BB W NN / mNBI BHH NN !WB BUH B!UB NNu B mB
WUu UB UBI ! BNBI ! UHUI WU UN B UW!
fBU UBI fWH B mN ?

fBU HBI BvBI BfB vN H 8Ou (v 3uc B' 3cc BW) e mNI B eW U | fBU! O
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HBI BvBI fWB fMN WM, mfHW, NWNWB e mN vI NUBI M HHUa MBI fB BfB mNW
BfB vN H 3 , H mB H 8Ou fm M vW HI U |

UBI WfNe fHw BMWW WI eI vHBW fBH HM HIW (mN OO=) P 38 B' =3 BW
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HU WM WM e M, mWM vN e WBW U, fWH fHfNUfHW HU WM e WBW UI |
IFH UNN N P HB IFU E U IW IFU HBUlWUE lW U H! FUHIB IUU |

HUWN P IWWU FU FN HIUU IB PUH IFW BUP HWMI HUM u, mN ccu fWB mU'e U :
Wfv NfHe NvM MM ! H H fHHf B WIWfU fUf NBI HUWM ! mUNB, FUIH FIUP
IUWU UH P (HIBH IUFU) H IHHU W HUWN HW HB P EIUBB P U B' HWB UE U|
IFH BUP Pl ImIm IFH HBW IB U Hl |

HUWM e fHW fBW HUHaI-NN faW va fWB mU'e U IHH IB PPBINF Pl WN HBUW IRF
P 3 UWU U W UUBl B IUF ; H UWU HU PB P UH BUU IB IUF, UN HUWN P HIPU UE
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(BIUB 3) B PUH U B IFH N IB HW WI HM..mFN Im! IB INIm U | U UIBB UW FN
IB HUWN-WNW Ul IFBU H' EIFm UIFm U| NH U WlB H HUWN FU HE N UF
B BUU WUU lEl 'Pl U (BIUB :) | fBH UN-aH-N vIa HUWM e fHW eWI-eWfBm!
M WW WM NN HHMU NN fWB WI mU'e U| IFUl WUE U mH IUF IH UF-BUU EWP U
mB UWU HIUU,!PU FUPmU IB UWU Pl UNl BUPl U H IW HUHU FUHIB IUU U |

HfBB W NN fWB v H cOc B' 3cc BW eW BfB vN! Pl BUmB Pl PUF Pl
UHBIB ( IHHP mUU PUF HB-BBl U , mUNB Pl PUF-UHBIB P >OO BNW, H IW HUWUV
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IFU! BIUB-V! IB UBl mBNlN BUPNl , mBUE-UlE WUE N IWH , UF BUU Pl
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UPB PE Nlm! , HUWN-WNW (IB-UBl) P UHW UEUE Nlm! HwUB WN!! U |
HU FUH IP IF! N-fWB UI He | IFU! HF! P UBUU BWB-HBlF Pl-HW
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WfW HH eI WfW-Wv :- IFH FN P ! UU! 3 3O 3= > > c
c >O >= c3 c c8 c3 c8 c> cc =O3 =O= =O8
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8cc 8c3 B' 8c 8c> B' Oc 3 3 3 3c -3c 3 B' 8 B'
= =8 B' => =c B' 8 8c B' 3 = 8 > c O
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BU Ul l WIU HVH U , WIU HVH WU , UUB HVH , WIU HVH Ul mB IWB IHUE
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8=c 883 88 8cc c= c8c c3 cc8 B Wl UH Pl E INl U |
WWI WM eI WWI-Wv :- UU 33c B INIm U H WfH WM BU Ul UV U WN HF |
fBH NN e WW fUH eHH HW va fWB' fMm fNm U ; H, eHH HW NN ! UI vWe U |
fBU H NN vfWm! fWB WI WWI-Wv (BNMH) W fMfNm UI fHMe HH IW FU FN HIUU IB
'' W BW FU HIUU INIm U| IFH FN P INUl FU FIUP IHw Hl IW'

BfB vN :8Ou (v 3uc) e vHN fMNI fBU' fMfNm U :- ( BaWIm! vWBIm!)
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eIw eW eB UW fM|eH HUH WUf eM M W| BfW m fBU Uv B W ||
mUNB, HU PIBm! P UH HIB HIU UB PlUw PU ! P P'B 3OO,OO PH IFEBl Pl UUl EH
N UHN WU IPB| PIBm! l IFH B' PEl EH N HWUN WlB| IFU HF O HN BW BNl|
HUl EH HUl FFl U UU-IHB P EHN Ul UIFm| HP' UH HIB HIU B PlUw PU P'B P NU P
BHB UW B! mF Pl NU IWNl IHH IB' IFW UHUB IFHBl P UFl !UH HFB P HmHl N
ImU P lBU UIUm ,IHUB N H WUW HUWN ( WNW P) H WU HW :-
fU fW H fBU UfB HIBI!H WNB W vfBfU HI!B B W eI UW HW! UfB vH WfMW
eW!3!fWv WI WNHB UWI | fBU fH HfB BfU HNI || IUU Pl Ul HUWN
IUWU() mHBUUl P IUm WUE NFl IWU| IUU mWBEl UFl IW HP' HH UlUH P
HU'Fl B! UH IE' U HPUl B H U'Fl| IFU HE HPUl BHB HH W, N EH NW Ul B UHN
WU IPB|mHU HUPl B! UU! P HH! IB' UU mHU P U H!P | UU H P'B Ul P'B IPH 'P
|3| fBB H fW WMW | eH fe mf UNW |!u! IUU WNW mF UBl
WlBl IW H IFU P'B! B UB| B! WN UIHm, NW N BNU(mIH) WHl, UFB Pl UIm NFl P'B!
HU NF| UU IUmW HU HIBmeIw eB Wfv WBI WH! WB mH UIB Wf WH! H
HUWM WU W! H HB WBI Hf WW!8! ( P'B WFl WU! IH NU PP WVW HUWN HUE
PIUm ) BUB HUWM WU H !HU HN fU WB fHB !fW HU WN W W vH! BfU
BUB B HW Hw!! (HUWN, BUlUUUl, HFB P UBUU IHH HU P'B HU BUP U )
W W UW eW W! WB HUWM v W!HIH veH eW BW U! H W WMI W !
(HUWN / WNl HUE NFl lU PH PB FH W UF| (U: HUWN B WNl P' ! IFW IFW
BFl IB IN U IHHB ' IB P IUmW mUU-UlBU U HUWN-WNW / HUUWN-WNW IHU
UP U| fBH NN e v B fMN HBfHW HHWM U fvB mv ! efH WMW HB UH !
fBH NN fWB fBa e Hv HHWMWMW W HUWM - WMW UI U )| IUU wHH Pl HF UFl,
HU PB UU FF, HUWN Pl BUE IB m FF !cc!
HU BW!Bm! HUWM / WM BI W!WmFI WUW !FU HBI WIBI : fBU fHf HU vWB UB
! W W M HfW H MB ! BfU BfU UH H fBUI ! HU U B UH MU UHI !cO! BH U
U
HWM MW fHBW ! NH NW NIH fWW ! mfe mWM mWf fH U ! ffHW fMH WNB
H !c3! ffHW fW mfHHI ! vH WN W BB vWHI ! fW W fB HUW ! BB
HB WU WB HW !c! HB fHUW Hffe (UNB!) HNefBW ! BW HW BW W w!FW!c!
(BWI BUN !FU B'B! H!Um HI, WN BUN / UNBI WIm! WU! ) ! mfe mB
mv mUH ! w w UIB WI vWH ! mB HHB fB UBI ! HW He HB WUBI
!c8! mfe WNfe He vU BW ! f f HfB fUfB mW ! HU WN WU fBU fHf UH !
mv BW mW feN !cu! w w HfU HBI vN HvW ! HWM WIW WB W NvW ! W B WfB
WB mWN ! B WU WUB fHBW WN W W !c! BH WN W W WB ! wf wf WI HfB
WU ! fW fW fMH ! HU UI W H WI BfU HMH!c! BH UI HUH fHH H !
HU e BH UI UvW!cc! WN W Wff HWHI!WHM mB W WHI! efH eI W
eM ! UW fWv f fWvM! cc! B v fBU fHf fHBI W! BfU BfU NU UH
! WU WU UH HB H WM ! UNB W W U fWvM !3OO!

W U WUE IW BU, HU ! P P'B! HUE Nl Pl PUF UUl-FE! Nl PIHm IFm U |
IFH Pl PUF Pl H-HWU WUl-H!Pl-mWN-UHBIB (mHN IB WN / HUUWN / HUUNU UHBIB )
UB IB IN O EP! (EP : 33 B' =O BW) H H UHl HIUHU HUP IB WlBl FFl U|
IFH Pl PUF mN WN Pl UHBIB WFl N!Fl' WlBl FFl U; c3O INIm WN P IUmW
HU HU Wl HN IPH W mUU UH WUV FN H mIH UU |mF U Hl | eW' BWI BfB mB
W eN / UNUBI WI (v 8 B' 3 BW) fBH WM fHm We U mB fBU H vHN
HWW va fWB' WM H W fMN NB U | HUWM eI WN faW va fWB' MBI NBI U|

mF INlm! BFlm! IB IUm WlB U IW WN (3O) / mIHUH (3O8) / HUWM (3Ou) UN B
BIUm, HF IB UUWU HB IPBl (3Oc)| fU HUWM vHI mfBm (U vHB, 3Oc) ; vHI
B! HII UI mU'e U| Hva U fW HUWM / WM mWf UI, WH fW Uv fMNIm! BvBIm!
fWB fMfNm U |
HF HUl U| e'B 3OOOO wW UN e vI vI W Uv WN fWB m fUWe H !3! ( NvW !!)|
HUWM WvB U WH UI ! mH mW fHe BH UI !3u! ( HUWN FH mIFm)
fWB eB mB fBB WM H !HU H W UH U v v !3c!(WN P'B HU B! N P UN F)
W v HUWM mfH U!BW HU B eW Wf W!3c!(HUWN IFW U N P UU WU IPB)
WWM BWI Wf Wv fHB ! fB B UB v N !3cc! (P'B! HU IB' mF WVl B!
BlU WH UUl P U FF!! HfBWN fWB v fWN' IU U B FU INE N INUl WE )
IUU P'B! HU EU B! HVP B BN P U FF (3cc)| mIHB N,UU N, UUH N,UH N,
FUB N!, UNU N!.. VHU N (33), UH UF,.. BN UUlP, BN UH (3c) .. FU ! IFU HU
! INUl IW' B NF Wl P'B! mE EHlm! Pl INHU HUWN / WN H! INUl IPBl Hl

HF UN HUl U | Um HHe mfHWfU (HUWM ) UB!fBU B mf Hf Hv !8!
HUWN WFl BU! Plm! UlHUlm! P WlU UN IPB ( Biological warfare )B! P'B UlHUlm! N HUE
NF |8| fBU fHf U eW H !NWNWB (HUWM) mH fW BHH !8!
IUU mFl-mHB, UE-mHB,Hw-mHB,V-mHBmIPW mHB! N wU HF UPl UUl |
WfU fN NWNW H Mf HfB H fHN mN UI!c!(N-H P'B HUWN N NU W IUF)

IUU HUWN W-mHB..mIPW UB, HUWM BH H vU !eW BW BW Wf H! c!
MNe U IW Wl UF UUBl BU NFl U IWU'IW mN fU WN e UM eUfBm W fU U |
HU WU fBU UfB fHvUI!UfB UfB WI fv NUI!UB WI fHw HUI ( eN,WM ) Wv!fBfB
mfHW ( HUWM ) M v !u3!(PUF FH IB mFl B HUWN BNU N W IFm )
mlU, BH mfHW (HUWM) mH HB fHB ! fWU fHf B eWfU Hw !! HHWN fW
u
WH! UvWB B fU NB mH BH!mN HUf WfM (WfMW) WU eBI ! HB H UW Wf NBI
!8! IUU HUWN HU P UN IB INm, UU P'B P UF B WNl UWl P H FFl|
HUWN Hl ! fBU HUI BU vfUM' fWU' mBI, m'W' MHI WN fWB O veH mvaI H HWBI |
BW mH BH fU N!BfHB mfW fBB HfU U!u!(IFW P'B UB IFm,H IB UUB UIUm)
eU ! HUWM WI Hf W v H MB HBfB ! m UvW eH WN UfW HU HfB ! !
W vW mfHWB WI fB vfB W HfB ! fB v mv UN e mfHW MB HBfB !!
mUNB, HUWN Pl H BU IB 'P U, UH UB INm H!P U; HUWN UF UU PH HFB IB
P Ul UIFm (WIN) HU INm |=| H mIHWB (HUWN) Pl UU UW H WUP U, UU!
mE UN P W mIHUH (HUWN) UB N'P U |=>| !FUI HU H!BB W NN B NBB
U | HNB U !W !MNUI W!W BuH UU UIM !HN! HUWM B BUUM HE !UU U|
fBW P'B UIU IFm IHH UUB BlU BN W HUWN B UHN WlB| HUWN l OOOO BlU BNW
U UW | HUWM vf WI H' Wv ! N Wf HUf v ! BW H B WfU fN ! efB
HB W HIH UW ! !HUf mH W WfH HN ! HI mfHWB WNB W N!8!
HUWN Hl! IHU UU W HU UIF UEH P HN WU UU U,UU UUPU U! UE IUU IHU WUE BN U,
vf WH W W HIH ! HI mfHWB WNB W BIH ! vUv fHHf NN B UBI ! HHfU m
HBI eBI ! u ! MN W W ! eH eU NIH fWW ! mNM UW W fHWU
! eH Wf HfU MU UH ! !
WUu UB ! UBI ! BNBI !
UHI W UN e W ! v UfB fBB WI fBW ! BW B H U UH ! mv W W vfBv
! ! { U: IFU UBl HUWN / mIHWB / mIHUH / HFB W FlBU () / FUlU IH () mF
WlBl FFl U | U Hl , UU INlm! BFlm! cO B' 3OO BW ; = ,=>, =>, => | fBN BW
B e mN HUWM e B U| fHMN % WfUN WI WI UfBU| vBaUI 3O ! Uv fWB
UI' fMfNm WH fW NfWm! fWB fMfNm fHMe U ; WI BU HH N W! aB UI' ]
BHfU WfW WBI mW U' ! W H BU H BH B vU' !..!cO! mUNB, IH % HIBH
mB IUFU IUFU HE EU W HUWN HUWN BUlUUUl Ul IUmIFm WUE ! IWU'
UW He UH vW ! HI mfHW W WfU 'W ! c3 ! IFU UBl mIHUH / HUWN mF Ul
WlBl H UUl U IHHP IH UE HH' IH UF B BUU INFl H!Pl U ; HU IBV BIUB :
U W mNUl PIUU HUWM W fHN Wf Hfe U!N fvWfB ! v 33O fm M vW WI |

WM vfB HUH Hv ! WM vfB fHW W mWB! WM vfB Wf fHH vWH! HWM WM W WIm
BHH !c!WW WM WNI fHW WI !He W HUH W NI ! WW WM HU MW HW ! HHW
U BfU UH ! c8 ! WWM WM HU WNB H ! eW eB WW UvW !mfe mB BW mWB !
HBI N HHfUU UH !cu!HHW fBHUI W UHI ! HWM vW fW mv HWI !..!c!
mUNB, IHH WN UUH,IB ,IB ,HU HFB, UU PB B UEH mIPW UEF ;UH mHl UUUU
HHWU WUP U! IWU'IW BUl mIP HH' B' mBU mB HU FU U |mF BFl =c IB l IFH WN
mIP HFIP HU HVU| INIm U | U FU FN HIUU Hl PHP U : % HIBH Ul
HFB P WUB U, HU U mB BUl U mIP HB HFIP HB|U Ul HB W UHl Ul HB | HBU U
IW fBU HBI BvBI N NN HfUH WI B' HHN Wa WMI B U ; eHH W eI HaI fWW'
WM eI mHMIB Wa MBI fB BfB : 3 ( cOc B' c3=) P HV 3>! U Hl :-
HW WI HM feH W mH HH W NM H' mfH U ! MB MM WM fev eU UM fHWB U
mf ! W U' HM HU fHWM fHHM MH e vfB UW ! WWB WWM MB W HM H
WM He vfBvM fBU ! 3 ! (v c3O) ..fBfB HI BfB vN BWI BfB vNH fB..
FN IB Ulm! Pl HN, F HUlU, U H UUl BNU, HN B m! NN mFU !W, N INU
UF, N N INUU PP B HlU, HU IB' IWN UUlm! U mF Plm! NU! , IFW UN IB WUl UFl
UlmH IUmW HU N U WN, BUU HP NEUU |(vW WI, MN fBa e Hv)
fW ffHW fMU ! mfe mIM mfe mHU !!c3! mUNB, HUWN Ul IUWU U,

IWU! (UF BUU lE-INE N ) B' HWB U, IWH P HNH Ul ; HUWN Ul HHU P HV U,
UPF U, mPl mB HH-HUE-H! B' UUB U !! IFU IBU FUUEl IUU U IWU'IW H UEl IB
UW UP U! IW % HfBH WfUN UI mfe mIM mfe mUfB WN WN BW WH !vUWI c!
fBH B! HBI BvBI fHN! Wv HaI e UM fH!B M WW UI U |
BW v mv Hv ! W U W WUI Uv !..!c8!
U-U-U IFUl WBlm! IFH FN P 3c B INlm! U BFl = B' He WM eI UHBfB fWB :-
vNH WM HU WN W BB ! B B U BW fHNB !HBI UWI H WUBI ! fW fHNI U fHHf
UvBI !c!.. WM v UNW UH ! B HfU MI WNfB HU UWH !8! BWU v mv Hv!
W U W WU Uv !!( mNB, WN Ul Pl Ul / WN-U UF / IHBUl WUB U !! )
W mfHW BW HaI v ! fB W eH efNB UW H !..!c! mUNB, U UU UB IW P
IB' N HUWN Hl ! IHUU IHUU Hl BUUl BUl m F , U! P PBU-Pl Pl U W HU FF |
BW H fW BH' HU ! WM U!H B BfU UH ! fW H fBU WU ! efe eH eN B
U !8OO ! NWNWB H' Hf fBUI ! mv UN e MU UHI !HH H UU HUBI ! eH eN
B MU HBBI !8O3!mUNB, U HUWN Hl ! IHH Hl IFW Ul BU VP WlB, BHl UH WN
Pl UUl B' UBm INm| IHH BUU H IHHIUm, UU FUlUl (WFNl) ,PBH! mB mFE! B' UB
IFm |8OO| U UF-IB P UU N HUWN Hl ! H' mHl Pl BUE mIFm U!, mE UN P HUU
P W H UBm NU | UU N! HUl HPP WIUB, H PHU-Plm! B' UBm NU | 8O3|
mB fWB fMNI mva fBa WNHB ( eWI HB WMW) B mfHW (HUWM) e NN v Ua B
aW We U :- fWv WI UH v WNHB ! NN W v HUB ! ..!8O! HI mfHW WH
UB efBmM ! v W NN BBWM !..!8O!

Uv WIBI WIB B' fBU WB vBN Ue U :-
(3) HUWM N B BfWm , N-Ha BMB, W WIB, fWv BMBI ; UW aII U ,
() HUWM vHI mU'e U ; mHI HU Wae U! fW vHI WWM aII mU'e U ,
() HUWM / WM NvWIm! eI HM NM fWB vUa WM faW- vWBI e WUa Hv U ,
(8) HUWM e mN WfUN UI fWU'fW HUWM e fHN UN B aH vIaI v'eI U |
Hva U fW fBU HBI BvBI HUWM / WMW mN WIBI mHBI U W fW fHfNUHW eWB U, fW
% HfBH WB vN fUU fW mWMHfB mWI HU NvHfe| NfHN N NN HfUH
WI B' HHN Wa WMI fBU B HUHaI-NN! faW va, HWW va e fBW U, NHaI UI |
WHu HB mUNB WWI (BuH) BI UB U, NUHEI UI| NU!HN NW BI MW UI |
NWW U : fHN HfU mfHB fHBIm fHN W UM vfBm !(N NN HfUH, mN 388)
UW, HU fWB' mfHB e HWe fWW' vfBm W HWe U

NfHN HfBN N NN HfUH WI e fBU EH Ha BUIe U :
(3) UH UN U WU ! vfWB HM! WW eU !3!UU!..
vfWB HM! W fMfN eIm ! WfW BM UH WW MIm ! (mN 33uc)
() fHfHfB He va vWf vNIm ! H fH HfU WW NMI UWIm! (mN 3)
() HfBN fH U WBI U HaI !HaI B WBI HfBN HUU U WBI HaI !(cO)
(8) fHW HWfB mfv UvfB W WB mv UWH WBB ! (me HaI, mN cO)
(u) fHW HWfB HHe !H WfW WfW HNM Ue !fHHf fHHf NfHe !UW H BfH UW fH!(c)
mNB, U H! faW-aWBI (HUWM-WMW), fW! B WB e UWH UI WBe U, eIm! UWIm! WN
WUaIm! e BB WW W HH-fWmvW vHBH % HfBH WfUN fHH, B! UI HH HN B'
v U HWe U' |
NUfHN mHBI NN mB UUHEI-NN! B mUfUB NN! fBmN W WWM
mB WWM NU NN HfUU WI BI UEI UI NUUEI,HBI UEI,WUW HEI U |
NU!HN mUBH !WH mN WU ?
!NNH W!UNU !HHU W .., !NNH UNBI !HHU W.., W!?
(fHN UB He e fBU eNM-v e Wa MBI fHN UB He fWB H mfB HI )

N NN HfUH WI e EH U : HIm WI !HUN U!F H NU N!U mUB!H W!U ! (u3c)
NfHN eI meH N mN UI UaI BUIeI U fWU'fW N fWB mWM vN (WfUN) WHe U :
HfBN fWfB mv fNb Wf vN mfN HafBm ! (W mH , mN 8)
NN-NUWEB WUI H!BI !HN UUB HUuB !WB NUH!B BI U!UEI !HUMN U !M!Nm U :
fHN eI mH fUaI, fWB , fWB NHfB mH UW | NHfB fBU U :
(U) fBW mWM vN B' W fWH eWI eWB eI UvH UI WI |
(B) eH N HfUH fBW WB e vWa fBW v WW Ha |
(W) UU !BW WH WU B' N!UM! W!UNU mN mUBH WU |
() N e fHN WH B' MW eU!B BW N He W |
NUWB NU-UWH mB UUB HUuB BIm! NWBIm! HNB WUBIm! U !W NU!HN BI
HH B' MW BU!B BW mUBH NU HUuB mHU W!UNU, BH NU H!UH, NU NN
H!UH mN UI UEI BUIBI U !W !WH BWI BWB mN |

UNBI / UNBI NB HU UMN BU WUE MFI mUN HU WB (W !Hw) !WB NW HI :-
(3). UNWB UWB, WB e UvHW.
H UNUBI W UNWB Wa ! NvHeI mv vWa ! WB N fBWB wf ma ! WIWB H UfH
WNa ! mH UNUBI UBH UfB ! W HfB HHW HfB! (H :, W fHI N,mN cc) ;
HHfN vv HM NW ! fBH UNUBI WI HfB UBH UW !(HNHI ,H:u,mN 8)!
(). UNWB eI , UNUBI He H HfUm HfBm !(vUBI m:H:u), vHaW e UN eI He U v
H HfBm HfUm . (). UNWBI , eN eWI W HI UNUBI WI WI (BWI ).
(8).NWN ,HI HfUH , BMW MBI UNUBI eNHU(BWI ) MB UNUBI fWH U mv WMWI
UN (HH), U UNUBI MU wWfBm (UN) (u). HUWM fvNH UNUBI fHH W(BWI ).
().fBW We, WBI N!BI HI UNWBI UI fBH We e H U|
UNBI NUN!!F NUHEI (WU !HUI UN,H:, mN cc) BIm! NWBIm! !WB UNUBI mH
UBH HN U fWH vHBH Wa fMm U, fWH N eI fWv HeW mv vWa fMm U ( H B
WfB Hv U mva HM vWa!) fWH mva UWe H fBW vU e B! fWB fW fMm U, fWH
N-UWH HU W NHfB H Wv W WIWB HU HU Uf WIWU vfv WH UBI !(mN 33O8) eI
WIW-WB fHN MBI U ; U W! mH UBH vU-UNB HN UI He-fN vHBH fWB HH W!e U|
mB!U WN UNBI WUF ! NN!W NUHUH WB NF !(H:,mN cc) ,
mNB, fWH HN e fUe fWB WM-Wv UW v vU-UNB mNWB , vNW WH! fWB UfHm mH
HN vHBH WeI v UI HWe | H, fBN UNUBI e mN U-UNWB UWB / WB e UvHW|

NWI HNHI HUM u BI NBI (NU NN H!UH, mN U) :-
UNUBI UNWB UNfB W N ! HNM fBmN eH W HN !H B fHH HNM UH ! Wf vW HNM
vHUH ! HHfN vv HM NW ! fBH UNUBI WI HfB UBH UW ! UNWB WI UM W fB IfB !
H B mv fHH vIfB ! Uf W B fUe HHW ! W mH UNUBI UNWB WU vW !
mNB, UNUBI mH HN U fWHe H B vU-UNBI e N BW fNm U,fWH HHN HWB e HN
v B B fBmN feB U, fWHe H e HU B! e UH H U fNm U, HH-fWmvW vU Wve
U, fWH NHN! eI HNB fWB W W H B BWI vv! (HHNI WH!) eI HM U MBI U, mH vU-UNB
eI HBaI / mWM HH-Ha UeI U | mHI UBH HBaI WM HN U HH' NMW B NMW eI HW fWB
MN fUe U, vU-vIB NB mv WI WH W fee U , fUe Ba HHe HfBN W W H!fb
38
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vfM!(mN cO) HBHW N eI HBI HaI ( N-HHe,N-HB) vI vU-B fUe fWB WH M'e
U, U W ! mH UNUBI / WB e UvHW UI HN-WIW eI HfHM mWMvN v M'e U |
WU m!NmI / BB-!NmI UU IN H:= mB H: P FUW HE W INH UFBl IHHU
W Nl WBl mUNU'E Pl WIBB WUP U | UFUBl P IUFU / mWN U mUN WUE N
W mH UFUBl UFB WU |WBl P IUNWN FNB mUN WUEF , IWU'IW mUN UEF IW
U W ! mH mWNU mWNU N'P U| IFH BU! UWl WBlm! P mUN l FNB Ul
UEF H IW HaI N N U HaI P wU IUPU UF| HaI-N WI e feW e mB HUB HW UWN|

fvNH UNBI fHH W vWBI fWB UNBI e mN Uv UBI W fHw WI fMN feB U| W
WwBI M HHUa MBI W eN WI mNW W HI UNUBI WI WI eI vWBM HI U | fBU W
HfBB W NN (mNUBI eHH NN) fWB v H 33c B' 3 BW eW U mB fBH W eIm! WM
uu vUWIm! U | HI W fWB eWI eN ( BWI ) e HfUNH, HMB, BW, HW, HaWBHIW
( WBHIW ), HU , fHU ! e e'B! M W! e fHW U | fBHe m NN HWW va U |
v c3 mB cu B WI BWI e WN! e UM fMfNm U mB HHvBI HWB fBU' fMN U :
!F!B HI HUWW NU HI BWI B!UB W!B !HMH....) , fWHeI fBW eWI eN U fWH
mfe-aWBI, faW, WNHfB, WNHB, UWI, UNUBI, WM, WMI, WMW, HUWMI mfeW !W! M
fHm WIB fNm U | (vW WI, HWW va mB UHB mfB vHBW HI eN HvB-aBI )
!FH WU BI N!UMI NWI : !NNH UNBI !HHU W NU W MFI !Um!F !... mB mNUI
NWI : uu : BUN N HE!Fm HU NWIm!!WU HI m!Fm !H !FU N!Fm!
mNB, HIm! vUWIm! eWI eN eI UHBfB,WfWmBI Wa MBI UI BIm! U | UNUBI e mN
vWa mH eWI eN UI U | fBH W N NfHe fHw HfUH WI eI B Ha WM eHa fW N
W HfUH WI eI eHWI' WB eWI-vWW fWW' HIB W HIB B! Uv fMNI He (U) B (B) eI
mB NWW H!B U HN!B H!F H!U W!Fm W!U NMIm !(c) BI MwE UBI U|

BHI NM, NUWW : B WUImB UI mfe UWI !HWfB WI HIm WU WvI !(mN c8), mH
fBU eWI UWI mNB eN Ne HWBI UI e HWeI | B! UHe v fWW' W! B' HB HWe U
HNB U !W !NNH UNBI !HHU W mUBH BI mUUB NUH!B mWM UI !W'!W
!FU mUBH HU B' N!UM! BWI BUN / BWB HUWM !HHU W WIBI H UUI U|
N-UH vfWB HM W fMN eIm ! WfW BM UH WW MIm ! W mHI H MBIB B! UvWB
NHfB WIB mH fHN eI meH eI amB fBU' UaI BUIeI U ;(HUm U, vN N W):-

% HfBN vHfe ! WfUN WfUN WfUN WfUWIU !
WfB fv Uf mfv N W WUU ! B B mNe UU BB fHU BB fHMU ! mNfe fWv f
mH HfBN fN WImU ! mHefH mHB WB N HfU eImU ! N HeH eH vfH WfU
HN mfHB Ha ! HfB vB vHa vN N mW fvNU a ! (mN 38Oc)
H HfBN fWf UH NW BfWm! H HfBN WU WU fWf Uf fHU WfWm!(mN u)
N W HfUH WI | N mNe HfUH WI | N mHeH HfUH WI| N HeH HfUH
WI | N mW HfUH WI | N UNfHe HfUH WI | N UffB HfUH WI | N
UffWa HfUH WI | N BN HUe HfUH WI | N NfHe fHw HfUH WI | eH! vBaUIm!
eI mBHW WB N NN HfUH WI e v eIe e fm NMH WI HM WI WfUN!
mN UB He fWB WvI meH (WU N!BI' HBI eI MW v HWeI U), mB mNI B W H
BWeI WM eI N! U WfUN ! B H eI BWeI WM, B Ua HHB e UM | UBfm WW
(W ve WB W WBI B fMNa e UW fWH fHN W! WNe UI ) |
W!UNU / HEI NU H!UH HI B HHN !HE H HE W WIBI mUBH UI NUW UBI U|
(: fvNH mWM vN fHH W .. HfMm! mWM vN mB WM vN =eWI e UMN v HWe U)
DID GURU GOBIND SINGH WORSHIP 40
CHANDI DEVI BHAGVATI ?
( Note : This is to clarify some points, on above subject, in the article written by Dr. Debabrata Das of
Kolkata printed in Sikh Review of January , 2008 )

Dr. D.Das has very nicely interpreted the quotations from Guru Granth Sahib on pages 227, 456, 1138 and
1162 on the principle of worshipping one and only transcendental Brahm (Nirguna Brahm). He has very
correctly summed up that
(1) Sikhs reject all the gods and the goddesses,
(2) these deities, being under the influence of Maya, are unable to know the secrets of the Lord,
(3) these deities cannot help their devotees in the attainment of emancipation,
(4) these deities are prone to death like other beings. So far all O.K.

Dr.D.Das has not gone deep into the question Who is the Author of the Bachitra Natak Granth or the so-
called Dasam Granth? Critical study of this Granth reveals the names of the poet Shyaam (Kabi Shyaam) ,
poet Raam (Kabi Raam) and poet Kaal (Kabi Kaal). These poets were worshippers of Mahakal-Kalka or
destructive-Ardh-narishwar form of Shiv/Durga; the fact amply proved by following statement in the
Bachitra Natak Granth or the so called Dasam Granth :-
Sarabkaal hai Pitaa apaaraa . Debi Kaalka Maat hamaaraa ( page 73)
Reference to Mahakal (destructive form of Shiv) is taken from Shiv Purana (story of Dvadash-lingama) and
reference to Kalka (destructive form of goddess Parbati / Durga) is taken from Markanday Purana. In Debi-
Ustat (page 809 in Bachitra Natak Granth) many names have been assigned to this goddess (derived from
Markanday Puranas Durga Sapt-shatee, 700 shlokas or verses), such as Durga, Bhavani, Shakti, Bhagvati,
Shiva, Kaali, Mahakaali, Kaal, Kaalka,Chhimaa, Manglaa, totalaa and so on.
Even the composition wrongly-called Akaal Ustat has 20 stanzas (211 to 230) praising Goddess Durga, the
killer of demon Mahikhasur; last line of each stanza is Jai jai Hosee Mahikhasur mardan.. which
shows that Akaal Ustat is actually Kaal Ustat or Devi-Durga-Ustat.
Poets Shyaam & Raam further emphasise that they are worshippers of Mahakal / Kalka:-
Maen Na Ganeshaeh Pritham Manaun. Kishan Bishan Kabhun Na Dheayaun
Kaan sunay Pehchaan na tinn sion. Liv laagee Moree pug ein sion
MAHAAKAAL Rakhvaaar Hamaaro. Mahaaloh Hum Kinkar Thaaro. (Page 309 of B.N. Grnth )
These lines very clearly show that writers know no other deity than Mahakaal, also called Mahaaloh.
A disciple (Sikh) of Mahakaal is beptised by forcing him to drink wine & narcotics :-
Eh Chhal so Misrah Chhalaa Paahan Dae Bahaae. ]
Mahakaal ko Sikh Kar Madiraa Bhaang Pivaae. ] (page 1210 of Bachittar Natak Granth)
In Mahakal / Kalka temples OR Shiv / Parvati temples madira(alcohol/wine) & Bhang(intoxicant) are
distributed as PRASAD , whereas Guru Granth Sahib very strongly forbids the consumption of alcohol, wine
, drugs, narcotics etc. in any form as an intoxicant ,
Amrit Ka Vapaaree hovae Kyaa Mad Chhuchhae Bhao Dhrae.(page 360;Guru Granth Sahib)
Thus, we can easily conclude that Bachittar Natak Granth or the so-called Dasam Granth was not written
by Guru Gobind Singh, because in this Granth
(i) one & only transcendental Brahm (<>) is not worshipped ,
(ii) consumption of wine/alcohol/ intoxicants is permitted
(iii) adultery / homosexuality is also allowed
(iv) women are defamed ; said to be treacherous
(v) writer-poets commit mistakes / wrong history etc. & permit the reader to rectify mistakes.
All these are opposed to basic principles laid down in the holy Guru Granth Sahib.
We have to interpret the verses from the so-called Dasam granth with reference to context, especially
Bhagvati in Chandi Chritras. In Var Sri Bhagauti ji ki OR Durga ki Var (see ending remarks in earlier
copies of Bachitra Natak Granth ) where First stanza begins with Pritham Bhgauti Simar Ke. And the
last 55
th
stanza is Durga Paath Banaeya Sabhaey Pauriaan.. that entire composition is Durga-Paath
only ( translated form of 700 shlokas) & this proves beyond any doubt that Bhagvati is Durga, the killer of
41
demons named Mahikhasur, Dhumar-lochan, Shumbh, Nishumbh etc. as described in Markanday Puraan
and translated by Poets Shyaam, Raam & Kaal (apparent reason for three-Durga-chritras in Dasam granth).
In the following line of Guru Granth Sahib, Sukhmani Mahla 5,
Bhagauti Bhagwant Bhagat Ka Rang . Bhagauti is in entirely different context ; here Bhagauti is a
person who is devotee of <> , the formless God.
The title Patshaahee 10 written on some pages of the so-called Dasam Granth is also a big Fraud. This
fraud is revealed on page 155 of this so-called Dasam Granth when we go through the lines :
Patshaahee 10. Ath Chaubees Avtar . ..Barnat Shyaam Jathaa Mat Bhaaee.
Name of the writer / Poet Shyaam is very clearly written and this leaves no doubt that Patshahee 10 is
written by some mischievous person to defame Guru Gobind Singh and to misguide the Sikhs ; this fraud /
trick is played in similar way on page 669 of the so-called Dasam Granth also. In Guru Granth Sahib,
Mahla 1, Mahla 2,Mahla 9 are written for Gurus upto 9
th
but for tenth Guru why is Patshaahee 10
instead of Mahla 10 ? Sikhs , having utmost regard for the Guru, used to address the Guru very humbly
with the word Patshaah and thus, Patshaahee 10 is not written by the Guru but by some-one else with
malafide intentions. All research scholars should read original texts and should not just copy other writers;
secondary evidence is usually not reliable.
While quoting Sikh history, we have to be careful to analyse it in the light Guru Granth Sahib Vaani and
philosophy. Any story that goes against Gurbanee and /or Sikh traditions is not Sikh History which could be
distorted by some anti-Guru writers; the fact rightly understood by Dr.D.Das. All the Sikh Gurus were the
same Jyot (<>) & preached same way / principles of life (jugat) as clarified in Guru Granth Sahib:-
Jot ohaa Jugat Saai Saih Kaaeyaa Pher palateeae . ( Page 966 , Guru Grnth Sahib )
Sixth Guru, Guru Hargobind Sahib, after the martyrdom of his father Guru, Guru Arjan Sahib, kept two
swords and this tradition of martial spirit was kept alive by the successors. Ninth Guru, Guru Teg Bahadar
Sahib earned this name when he showed prowess in fighting with a sword (Teg) when he was 14 years of
age , in a battle against Muslim forces. These Gurus never called sword or Khanda as any Goddess as
Creator and nowhere they said anything which could be similar to saying Jai Tegum.. Why should Guru
Gobind Singh be defamed as worshipper of Khanda / Teg / Devi CHANDI /SHIVA etc.etc.? It is an
historical fact that Bhai Lehna ( who later on became 2
nd
Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Angad) was worshipper of
Devi Durga ,but, after serving Guru Nanak for many years, he clearly understood the real path to God, the
GURMAT, and the reality that Devi Durga cannot help him in attainment emancipation . This is very
clearly written in the Holy Guru Granth Sahib :
Tu Kaheeat hi Adi-Bhavani. Mukat ki bareeaa kahaan chhapaanee. ( page 874)
It is further clarified in Gurbani, Gaurhi Sukhmani Mahla 5,
Jab Nirgun Prabh Sahaj Subhai. Tab Shiv Shakti kahau kit thaien.
which means that , when God did not create the visible world/universe , where were Shiva and his
wife Parvati (Shakti) ? i.e. these so-called Gods & Godesses did not exist.
This year , the Sikhs are celebrating 300
th
anniversary of Guruship of Guru Granth Sahib. Guruship was
endowed by Guru Gobind Singh 300 years ago on this very Granth only which was got written by Guru
Gobind Singh at Sabo Ki Talvandi (Punjab) after including Gurbani of Ninth Guru in the Adi Granth. At
that time, Dasam Granth did not even exist (refer to introduction by Dr. Ratan Singh Jaggi in the first
volume translating the so-called Dasam Granth in five volumes) ; this is an historical fact every historian
ought to know.
In nutshell, we conclude that the so-called Dasam Granth, which was originally named as Bachitra Natak
Granth , is based on Markanday Puraan, Shiv Puraan, Srimad Bhaagvat Puran (stories of Ramayan,
Krisnavtaar, 24 avtaars of Vishnu) and translated by the poets Shyaam, Raam etc in a language, style and
principles entirely different from those of the Nine Sikh Guru Nanak(s) & Guru Granth Sahib. Guru Gobind
Singh during Guruship period (1675 to1708) never visited Hemkunt & never written or followed or preached
anything against the holy Guru Granth Sahib. He was undoubtedly worshipper of only & only <> .
GURU GOBIND SINGH NEVER WORSHIPPED DURGA / CHANDI / SHIVA / KALKA.
Every Gur-Sikh should follow Guru Granth Sahib only as ordained by Guru Gobind
Singh in 1708. All other Granths are just literature (Kachchee Bani) and not Gurbani.
(Dalbir Singh, M.Sc.,31-D, Madan Park, East Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi-110026, Ph.91-9899058458)
HB WI HEI W mN HB HE!FHI HB WI HM !(NU NN H!UH,) U
U!BB W NN W! W!W BuH / W!W UH NN W!
mNBI BHH NN W! HUWMWMW-NN

isK jgq ivc ijs gRMQ nUM dsm gRMQ dy nW nwl jwixAw jWdw hY auh gRMQ dsm nwnk gurU
goibMd isMG jI dw iliKAw hoieAw nhI hY [ ies gRMQ ivc ieSt dw srUp <> siqnwmu
nhI blik iSv-pwrvqI dw juVvW iBAwnk srUp mhwkwl-kwlkw hY [ nklI ilKwrI-kvI
vwm-mwrgI kvI SXwm,kvI rwm..sn jo ik mhwkwl-kwlkw dy aupwsk sn [
ies gRMQ dI fUMGI pVcol isD krdI hY ik ieh gRMQ iqMn bRwhmxI gRMQW qy AwDwrq hY :-

(3) HWW va :- IB Pl Bl Pl UBl P mBU! BUl,PUF,IB,WN,UFBl, Ul, WNl
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fBH HfBB W (Strange Drama) NN / mNBI (so called) eHH NN eIm! WU vWBIm! UU HIUB
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UE (% HIBH .. B' BU) NFl Ul IFH FN N HIUm H IUU U :-
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v 8: INH WM HU WU HU|.FW HE (W) B HN IWU|B!B HU WlUU B UU|
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FUHIB IUU Ul UFl | N P mFm! HIHU UBl U IW IFH HHN B IH N FU FN HIUU
Hl Pl UEl mWN HU PE |

N Oc: !BNFI!H NB!U !NNH H'!!WH !HH WHU !Um'!WB-
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PU IB UU HIU IFU UB Ul BUlPl U FIF WUl BUlPl U |

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mUNB HUWM B !HN WWU-NBB UI, UN B BUH WWFI H!BI U| NU NU NN
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HNB !HU UB U !W HUWM B mUN W!UNU H! HM-HB !WB !Hm WIB mWM NUN
H! !UWU NUHBH UI | !BW/WMI H!BU! !WB UN/BUH B UI NUBB !BB H!B U|

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pd ArQ :- HI IHHU W | NN mHNW | B HlIU B HlU'P UU'F , B mBHW Hl
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WIU WUU! | UIH UIH UIH H U H U UUW UUW W | mIFB B (IFH H HH IB) mIFm
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HU IB mF B! mEl m-UlBl IFU' IUm WUP U :
fUb HB UU fM H HUB fW ! HfmHI BvHImU HNU B vfWB fH ! HH BW UU fUfb
fW U vBU MU ! WUfBmU WUBI HaI UB W NHI mU! Uf H WfW eW MN fB W Na
UU fWm WUU ! N ef fHMU fUfNm fWW B NfU fBW UU ! (mN 3cu)
mH P HH mHl UNllW B IB P U! IW mBl BUlUUUl FU, HB, HU mIPW H UPB IPP U
UH m Ul WHU'P ; UU! P UIUm! B UUB WWUH l U UU U| mIFml mB UNU IH Ul
IFU! UIUm! B H!P U | IH WH P UU BF UF U IW FU FIUP IHw HIUU BUP-FU FU FN
HIUU Hl P NU N FF| IHH FU FN HIUU IB UEl-U U W U = UUHIFml HB P HUF
IPU WU PE UH IWH =' WN HE Pl NU Ul Ul |
UvWB fWBI aHe e BB-Uvea fBU U fW W HN v N eI aa fWB W W fW
vHBH % HfBH WfUN e Wv H fBWN WW W B! HUWM WN HB e eWB B' Wa
eI, vW Wa eI MW UI |
U IHUU IH HUWN ( BFl : UHUl WU UN P UE |IB IUm WlB IFBU WN, mIHWB,
mIHUH, UFWB ) IUFU HHUP U, UU UUB U UNU U IWU'IW HUWN P IH UE
NFl UF B BUU lEl 'Pl U| U Hl : UIBB UW FN / mBl PHH FN IB BIUB V :
P mUl PUU : fBU WM H fHHU WM vU eB HUfB !HUWM W fHN Wf Hfe U!N fvWfB!
mB IFH FN IB, H IW Wlm! P INIm FN U, IFBU P HU ( >=) :
HHWM (HUWM) U fvB mv ! efH WMW HB UH !
(U : INH UFUBl IHHU W(BUl Pl U,BlHl ; UB IHUN PUF Wl U) WBl IB UFUBl
P mUN HU WB IB UFl W IHw U WUE mHU eN mB HUWM IN U|)

UfBB W NN / BHH NN N-fBB HE B NBW BIW :-
(3) NU N!HB !Hw HI BWI-NHW mN W HBH WUE W!Mm! B HN BE,
() NU H!UH HI mB NU!HN! UN-BUH NIE WM HE,
() NU-!FHBI, NU-NUB B HN WUE BI W H! NM BEI NUW WU,
(U) WH-BW-BM m!BW WUBE BI W BE, (WHUUI !HNI B UHM),
(u) HBI HEI M' W WBI HEI M HW W mNE HN HH !WmUN NmE,
() NU!HN! NU NN H!UH HI B' HHN WUW HUHE-WB !WB MUE,
() BH NU H!UH BI c HM BI wME mB WUHIm! !WmUN !HU WUE
U WfUN WI! fWN W, UMW! mHBI-NN! B UH-WM fWB' WV WI |
Swkq mq nwl joVn vwlw gRMQ : bicqR nwtk gRMQ / AKauqI dsm gRMQ[ 46
WUI HI H WHN WI WM fW W Uf !
U UM U BIIm HWB HN Uf !(HMW cc, mN 3c)
( HWB = BWB-HBlm, BWBl P UBW , PUF HW , WNl P UFB | BWB HB = IHH IB BWBl
Ul HU Pl PIBm! B' U U; BWB NW PH HUIPV mUNB PH Plm! Pl UH WUP U
WNl, BU, UBl,UBUl,UUl,IE HHBW,UHBl,FN,HBFl mB WHN | IFU! H-
HUFl l mP U H fHW-aWBI (IB-UBl) P mUU-UlBU U , HUWM-WMW ,P U(H)
H (Pl) P UHW U H HH,HIPU,HN (BUH-UV H U W N-mH H!-BU, IU-Ul, UE-
UU P IUBB UN W WlB H!P IUBU, IH' BNl N), HIFm, HP vW HW UUH P mF HP U|
HUH-fNmI faHaI-UNB WHI HfUH Hl UEl IB mW! N!Fl' HWB ( BWB-HBlF, BWBl-HW
mUNB Pl-HW) NW! B' UB W UIUE P UPB IPB U| WUlU HIUU HHU!P U IW IH' WN P
UH U UU Pl WIUmNl UU U UNE B BlU P'Pl U IB Ul BWB-HBlF P HF B! mBHW-HB
HUU U, IFU! B' PU Ul UU |IFU! BWB-HBlm! N' B! HmU (WHI HWB B HW UM..) BF
U H IW FP W IU Pl HEFl WUP U | FUIH BWB-HBlF B' UNUl Hl-HB mUEl U :
UMI H UMI ! HWB fHU Wf UMI ! (HUM u ,mN uu)
mW fHN WH HU B' W NB IHl-HU N BWB-HBlm! B' U H IW UIBB UW FN FU FIUP
Hl Pl INB PH W FU HIUU Pl-HW IHU WU BUP U| NfHN ! NHe!! IFH FN m
U W, HHU W, ml BUU Pl wHE-wUl IB' IWN W,PHE IW U INlm! FN! lW U H! Ul' |
fBH NN HHUa MBI vfUM' N NN HfUH eI fWB HHU| fU fBU vHBW! vWIm! vaNIm!
(3) HWW va (eWI eN,faW, BWI,UNUBI, WMW, WM .. eIm! WUaIm! ; BWI eI W e
m), () faW va ( eWB faW,HUWM.. , mB! e HW BfB WNW! e m mB faW-
HUHB-H), () HIHe UNWB va (eWB fWa mB UHe 8 mWB!, H-mWB, fWH-
mWB .. eIm! WUaIm!), (8) W: B fHw WNI e vW vNIm! fWB WIB eHH NN e IW|
HfBB W NN e fMNI Wa : aWB-HBIB WWI aH , WWI H , WWI WM IH! Pl WI-E WFl
Im! B HBU IPHPl U (WU H UU 3,3=,=O8,=>,8O,8c>,8cc,3,O,c,
cc8, ccc,33c,33=c,38,3c8,3= )
3 B INIm fHMN vBaUI 3O HUB WW N U IWU'IW WI HVH BNH HE INIm U :
vBaUI 3O! mN BHIH mWB !HB HH WN HB UBI !
IFH BU! P BBUl 3O INIm U (Fraud) c B l WlB IFm U| UIUUH IB Ul H!Pl
WIUV B UBl BFl P IHUN FUIWm! IB BBUl 3O IWH BUUBl E IPB U U UIBB
UW FN IB IFH BFl P IHUN vBaUI 3O UI | FU-HUVP HUN 3, HUN ,.., HUN c
INE Pl U IW BBUl 3,..c INE Pl|vBaUI 3O e MHM M W H HN HafBm W fU U|
HfBB W NN / mNUBI eHH NN IB UUB HUlm! UB!! BWB-HBl IHU!B,Pl PIBm! Pl H,
BUU UF mIPW B UBE Pl N, IUBUl mB HHl Hl Ul IPU WUU'Plm! U | U Hl,
(3) H H UHl HIUHU HUP .. ( Pl PUF, IHH HIUHU P'B HIUm, Pl H HWU WUP O
HV, 33 B' =O BW , =O B' == BW )
() INH UFUBl IHHU W..(UUl 3 , 33c) mB 3> B mUl UUl ; PUF
UEIFm HU UUlm! | U PUF / BUl / UFUBl Hl Wl Plm! HUlm! UUlm! Pl-PUF-
U| (HWW va fWB fMNI eWI eN eIm! WN!W! B mB eN-v) |
(=) HHWM U fvB mv ! efH WMW HB UH ! (v ) fBU U fBa e Hv |
HUUWN Ul HUWN (IHHPl HIFl Pl WNW,Ul,PUF,WNl,HUWNl U) INIm IFm U|
(8) H FBIU INH HU | IWB IUB WUU IUmU | W H IUB IB H|IN NFl
HUl F IF H | HUWM NW UH! HUMU UH fWW N!(EP 8=8-8=) ( =Oc)
(u) WWM WM BI WB !(v 33), mNB % WB UI, WM H IW W! IB' HN WV W
IHBUl UBP PIHm IFm U,WUBU U, IW' HlF mB IFH WN (IWB HUWN,mUl IBV BIUB
3=c>) mF BFl UHUl UN P UE|.. UBU W UBl WI BVH WlBl U | FUIH Pl
UBl /mUPH WN FUUHBH mF Ul UEl BUlPl U IW HUWN-WNW mF |
47
() HW WI HM feH W HH Wfb NM H mfH U ! HH Wf NM H mfH U! MB MM WM
fev eU UM fHWB U mf ! W U' HM HU fHWM fHHM MH e vfB UW! WWB WWM
MB W HM H WM He vfBvM fBU ! (v c3O B WM e aII fUmW v ) mNB
FN IB Ulm! Pl HN, HUlU F, U H UUl BNU, NN UUUElm! m! IH' HN B mFU,
UUUE IUU N, IUmW PP, HU IB' IWNPlm! mF Plm! NU!; mH WN P HU, H IW BUU
(H-HUFlm! P H! FUIH! P ) NEUU U |
() mUU HWN HU UIH WN W BW UI WM mWN HP U |(Wl BUlUUUl WN Ul mWN U U )
(c) HUWM W fHN Wf Hfe U!N fvWfB ! ( 33O ) IHH HUWN P IH UE W UF BUU
lEl , UH HUWN IUFU HE FUIH Pl HU-HUB Ul U |
WU fHNfWI fMNI UIBB UW FN / mUBl PHH FN Pl BU NW FU FIUP IHw HIUU Hl
Pl-HW IHU WU UU U | U: UB IHw HFl mUBl PHH FN P UlW (mUN) H Nlm! IB
WlB U ; IUNl Nl IB INl UIHW IHU WUPl U IW IFU IWU H!P PHH FN mHElW FN U | IFU
FU UB FN Ul U | IFH FN IWH HUW WHUl HU W HHP U IPB U | UN PH, FUUEl
WFl IH H! WFl WHUl HU HWPl U FU FN HIUU Hl Pl UEl P IFW l mU UPINm H!
HIUm Ul H HWP ; FU FN HIUU Hl FU mUH HIUU Hl mB FU FIUP IHw HIUU Hl Pl
HIEWB B U| U mUBl PHH FN PHH W Pl IFUl U HP Ul WlB IFm mB
IFH PHH FU FN HIUU HE Ul wBW UN U | FUUEl HUE Pl NU Ul Ul mB HUE P UW
WN FU HIUU P Ul Hl | IWH IH H! IWH WHUl Pl HUl UFl UB FUUEl Ul U HWPl|
mUM N WI eI HaI UMaU HN fWW' H HWe mNUBI eHH NN vBa WM N NN
HfUH WI e aIW ve W U U | IFU' WUlF IW FU FN HIUU Hl B IHU UHN U|IH! FU
FN HIUU Hl N' BU W PHH FN N HU N BUP U IW IH! UUHE-Pl FN! N HU W
IH! UU B' PU WU IPB H | FU HIUU Pl IFU BBl VP UlF :
efB vW BWI WfW W vIHa mB HfU ! W ef U H UH W mWH fW ! (mN 38)
BWl Pl IHHN P W HIBFU Hl HHU UU U IW IHUU PE BWl P UU (IWNl) P U UU,UU PE UB
FF U IHUU PE UU B' PU BN FF, UU UFU FF | lW IFH BU! IHUU IH FU FN HIUU B' PU
UW IWH UU FN H! PUUUl FU H! BWB-HBlF N HUF UU! Pl mBHW HB IBIBB U|
fHN WH e HBm WI B! UI HHfW U W fHN WH H WBI HaI WM NN fBmN W fHE N NN
HfUH WI eI HBI HaI M WW WW | IH HN FU FN HIUU Hl UW U UEl UU IWH FN Pl Ul
H B! UU IH U IWH P IUU U VWl mE m IWUIW UU mP UEl Pl UUl :
HfBN fH U WBI U HaI ! UFU HHU Ul Ul H IUU U | BB UlF IFU FUW,
MW vBIa WW UW UI H m ! (mN 8c8), NW! BIFP NUl PU NFl HU UEIFm H
HWP U U UHBH mB FU HU IW' UE HWP U! WBI fHN N B' W fHma UI' U HWe|
FUIH HWB-HBlm! !W IB (HUWN) mB IB Pl HIFl BWBl ( PUF, Ul, WN, WNW..) P
UBW Ul U HWP | FU FN HIUU Hl P EUH U :
fHW HWfB mfv UvfB W WB mv UWH WBB !( N NN HfUH, mN cO)
mUNB, IB mB BWIB % P WlB U mB UU! B % P Ul UWH BNP U |
WH fN vU HUW HUfB ! BH fHW HWfB WUU fWB fB ! (mN c3 )
mUNB, HP' % P WN IUF (Formless) HU Ul Hl ( H IW UE l U mB mF l UUF ) mB
HHU Pl UB (HUF HU) Ul Hl B! PH, IB mB BWBl IWH N! H U, Ul H | IFH
IHBU N HHUE NFl HU HNU P HUP : mHe He W ! fa NN UWH mv !
HUH fHH HUH WBI ! mW eIH BW HBI ! (mN 3Ou) IUm N lBU BUlP U |
fHW HWfB HHe ! H WfW WfW HNM Ue ! fHHf fHHf NfHe ! UW H BfH UW fH !(c)
U H ! IB Plm! IB UE IB INlm! mB BWBl (PUF) Plm! HUWUV UE IB INlm! WN /
UB P UP HHUE EU P|U HP! % P H H H W HHU-HFU U WUE P UPH WU|
U H WFl IH mF ,U FU Pl UEl / FU-UPB H,B! WU Bl UE B PB IH P Ul U :
WHI HB HfBN fWm W WU fHN HfU BW!m BW MNBI fWU H!H HWBIm UW !(mN 3)
fWU WaI UWfU HfHe fBU WHI IfB! HB WI fe HWB WI vW mHI feWI fHvIfB!(m: )
mH WIB Wf H H!BIU U W WfH B!(mN ) Uc

NU N!HB !Hw H!UH HI B mNUI UWH HBHW HW H!BNU HI NU NN H!UH HI U |
H!BNU NU NN H!UH HI B EUH U (UHWMI HUM , mB)
mWU !HN H!BNU W !Nm!UU NWU HBI HEI!
HEI B NWU NU WUI HEIm !H!U HEI !(NWI ,mN cO)
H!BNU !H UU WBI U HEI ! HEI B WBI H!BNU HUU UU WBI HEI !
W!UB WB HEB WB WBI' m!N WNEI ! (NWI U,mN cO)
F HWEU H!UU HB HE NF !
HB HE NF HUI!U MF HEU H!B HEI ! (NWI ,mN c)
BN N HBN B HEI HBI UEI !.. (NWI 8O,mN c)

!FU NU-EUH H BB WU'B U !W WIUBIF HBI HEI , WWM mB WWM NU
NN H!UH HI BI HEI UI N!F WUI U B !HN-HNB WWM HBI HEI UI HEI U UI
B! HEE WM WI WB !HN mB HE WM WI WB !HN UEN | NUHEI UI HU HEIm!,
W!WB!W! M' HB U | WIUB B HWHB % BI HB!B mB NUHEI UUI' NUH!B
!HU!B !BW WUE U | mH WFI NNIm! !WB H BHH NN, HUHMU NN, U!UBH,
UFI NUBH HI, UFI B MM HI BIm! UB!W! BUH U, ! B WIUB WU NU
!MN NU-EUH! B' HHN UE U | mH WIUBIF H W NU B WHN UW !H H!BNU
HW!B NW ! WMI mB-HEI BI NWI NW W HHU HWB U !W H!BNU HI !
WI HH BEN | WBI B HBI HEI B !UE !HUE NU H!UH UI WU HWB U , WFI !HN
H! NNW !FW' UI | WI WFI !HN, NNI H! HNBU NU M' WW U HWB U
BN UW HWU WIUBIF HHB N!F WUE B' N!UM! HNN !WB HHB B mUN / !HU!B
HHU W !WU WIUB WUE | B! HE WMI HNB BI HU!B HHB !WB HUH UI HW HWNI
mB WIUB B mHM mB H!Em H HWN mB HU BN, UN, HBN BU HEN|

!HUW WIUB !HN-HNB! NU!HNI B HM-HBU % H!BH WUB NUN !UU
!UWU mWMHU!B mHI HU NUNH!B ! !WB BUHF !UWU M UI HWB, mH
WIUB WU mB HE HWU U | !HHM WH', U !MNIm! NU NN H!UH HI B' HUU
BIm! UBW! BI WIUB WU B HE HN HIW B mHM HH! HUHB WU U :-
(3) B!U !BW (!BW BI NBI BUN) HU HU !FU (BWI BUN B' WU HNE) |
!FH BI N!W' HHB NN BHH H!H N!U IH w ! NW BUIB U |
() U U!W U H!H U WUE!!U ! HB HU!F HB HNH!F (BWI BUN) !WN W!U
HuH !FU HU BIH ! (HuH = BWI-NHW WWI HuH, mNBI BHH NN B !MNUI)
() uB NH UF U HU H! BW W BN H!U!HN WI U! w WI.. (BWB !FBU
BI mUBI NU W B BUHU !WB WUW, NU BI !UBUI WUW, NU-!BW HE |
(U) mH BW NBN B !(BWI, BUN BWI BI HU NEI NU BI !UBUI WU U)..
!H! HHB! B mUN / !NWWW HHU mW, NE M WB mB UI m HWB |
W WIBIB mNE B HNB! B HN WIW HEM W BUB U B! HBI
UEI, UEI B UW N NN HfUU WI BI UEI B UI WIB WE |
% HIBFUHIP | 8c
FUIHN PI Wa
UU IHN,mUB H! HUP, NFI U INN FU-UWH BB UNW WHUa BUUI U :
(3) IHUE FU FN HIUU HI UI FU HP U | U FU, FU FN HIUU
HI PI UU WI UaI P HUH ,IBU W, IUm N IB WU |IFH BU!
FUUaI UUI' HU BW, UUH FU PU U HaF|
() IWH UU FN H! IWH PUUUI FU HP U|
(=) % mUNB IUWU UHBH P IFN IWH PI PB HP U
(8) H! ImIUm! B' mIHB WW W H WWU UUa WUW FUHIB B BNa |
() BF-HP IPUU, HBW BW FU P UUH WU |
() IHN UUB HUVP IB INNIm! WUUB! WU |
() HB-B,UB-IB,mHIU-FUIU P IBWU H |
(c) FU-UWH HBUW IBH-UaIm! P IUm N IBU W WU |
(c) IHa U W FUPU H; FUUaI WIUB mB FUUaI PI WN-IBU
IUm N Ha W WH|UI BUU B UBBU N IHUE FUUU UI H|
(3O) WH WP U UI UFP U |
(33) BHW , BUP, HHN, UF, mEIH, BUU H! UU IWH BU! P BIN
PUN P H WUP U (mIHB W UI U IWm HP WW UU UU)|
(3)IWUB WUaI,H Ha B U WWa mHN BB UN mB WH |
(3=) IHN NUWI P ImU IHN NUW N UI Ua BUIP U, P' mIHBUUI
Ua, UI' B! mNP mUUHI H! HBW U HWPI U |
(38) mP WUH IHN UUB HUVP mHU U,N!! P mUN HHUF Ha |
(3) IWH HUUI H! IHBU P BNa UUB Ua Ia UI BUIP FUUaI P
H! WIUB U |HHWU B' UP U mFI HH W IWH U FP PIUm
IB HN UU WIB H H! BHI IB PU IPB H; WFI UUH UI WUa|
FUPU WIBI FFI mIBH mUPH B' UP WFI UHH UI WUaI BUIPI |
UIa (H IW UUHaI BUU WUH PI WN U) WUa HHB U |mH UU HW B
UHWNI HP( mW c= ) UaI PI IBU / WN BUU UaI BUIPI U |
(3) FUUaI-UPB! P UN WFI I WUH UI WUa BUIP|
(3) HB-IB UIBm! FUHNI (HUI) UNI, UI mB INNaI BUU
IHNUa | FUUaI,FU-IFIBUH,BUIP! PIm! HNIm! IPU WUUa |
(3c) PH HN PI UHU BW IHN NUW m PHBU HH W HWN Ha |
(3c) UU IHN UB 3 HN PI UHU BW mIHB WWa NFI IBmU WIB H
(O) HU UUH! P NW! P HBWU WIB H |IPU IBH ma UUH (FU
FN HIUU HI PI UaI B mUIUB) IB UI WIB H |
!NmIm HU HB U HB HUI UFI ! uO
!F UMF !WH B UMI HB HE! HFI !(NU NN H!UH, mN Uu)

afUUH NMH/mNW WIBI WM' vBB mNBI eHH NN fWB eW
BWI BfB U fMN mv-fWUI UMN-v MN! eI vWBM
(Review of Self-contradictory & confusing articles, pages 1 to 33, on Chandi Chritras)

N!UM MN (N 3) :- W: !UUBHIB !Hw HI UNM B MN BWI B!UB : !FW !WBMBE
fBH MN fWB MNW Hfm U fW
(U) IFH IHINW IUUB!B Pl BE IUN HIUBW WU! B' WlBl FFl U|(mNB, HfUB U NHaI UI)
(m) BUl BIUB HUWUV UE P HBBU mP U| (HBB , UI, U-H-U WM | Wl FU FIUP
IHw Hl UN FF H IWvfWB HM! W fMfN eIm!WfW BM UH WW MIm!N NN HfUH,m:33uc
(F) UlU UHl WN IUm WUW PBHlm! PB Pl UIm NFl UUH VU WU Pl U IPBl|(W fBH
WN M HIB m HWeI B! fUeHB 3OOO HM NMH fUe | W'W' W N UNfHe HfUH WI
WI H MW mB fWB v BWI eIm! W! Ha W UI| MNW N-fBfBUH B' maWa MNe U|)
(H) FUHIB PUB P mBUFB Ul IFH UEW IHN N HU UIm! BUIBm B HIUm U|
(FUHIB PUB U Hl UFUBl Hl Wl ,IHHP UUN IHUN W eN WI U, Pl UUl 83 IB
INIm U BUl P HN UU W, U P IU, WNW IWNl HPIW FUHIB-IHU!B U HIF UBl U
UB WUH UBl WIFm| UH Ul UB BH Ul UB W WU! B mIFm | (FU FN HIUU, mF
c>=) P IIFmW mB NHfB ea / fH!B e UM fMNB N NfHe fHw WI eI B fWW' )
(U)UU IWHH P UU IHUE Nl BUl Pl P BIUBU mElm UB! P mUU UEIFm U |
(NHfB fH!B fUU Wv HNM UU fH !(mN c) fWN fNm afBe fUeWIB fHw WI
fUU fW UI Wfvm, fBU MNW W WfW eHI WU fHHfU HHN m mfNm!(mN
33c) WMI fHBI e I MNe U | mHIm! U mfNmB UIm!, N-feW vWBIm! fUeWIB
fHw WI fMN U U| WfUN WI ! HHfB HNa WI fBH N-feW |)

BH MN (N c) :- UFI H!UH UFI UEUIU !Hw HI B !M!Nm MN :UNBI HHUI
HU! m!NmB U!Um UMN| IFH N Plm! WU WBlm! mB UBN U INB U:-
(U) H Ul U Ul HBl UFUBl U | H P IHHU Ul UFUBl P IHHU U |
(UFl UEUlU IHw Hl N P BU IB IU IWH H PNlN, VWl' FU FN HIUU Hl Pl UEl IN
IU mE EHN P IPB U ! HU WB IB IN UFUBl P P mUN IFH N IB IWB Ul IN|
WIUU U IW NW HB INE Ul BUP H! UH HB P IFm Ul Ul |)
(m) mF IN HE H W UU HFN HB | FUUl HHl H: Pl UEl IB H %
HIBH WUBU IUUU IUU mWNHUIB mHl HU FUHIP|, mUNB HN-HBU IB PUHF
mWN-U NFl INIm U, IW PUF,BUl H! UFUBl NFl | UFl UEUlU IHw Hl mBl PHH
FN P BW-BBWU INIPm! UUB HH WIFm WlB U U fBW WI v B Hva HM-HB UI MU,
fWU' IWU'IW UIBB UW FN / PHH FN PH' W FU FIUP IHw Hl P INIm UIFm Ul |
(F) U INH HIH W | IWl BU mB IFm || BUl Pl U, :3O
vWBM :-HP U UFl UEUlU IHw Hl UIBB UW FN P : 3 mB c IUm N mB
lBU W Ul U | IFU! Im! B :3O P U IB WI HVH UF UEW FN!, HUWUV
UE, IH UE, HlHP UFB UE Pl WN HU W wUlm EP-UPl INE N mW! FNBlm!
WUE N, BW UfB WfH MU HI ! fMNa WM UMaU WWI Ul FU UP U| U INH HIH
W.. P mUN IB-UU W ml m HIHB ml UIBB B |(U mH, mF 8=) WlB U |
WU U mH Pl WBl lBUlF : INH mWN U mEl HH WlBl B m Ul H Pl UB
WlBl | WIUU U IW H-Ul-U INH-HIHm HE IFU' FNB UF IH' IWH UB P ! UHP
HHE B' IUN! Ul U IPB H | HN HBU IB l % IUN' INIm mB UHP H HIBH
u3
UP IB | B! B UFl UEUlU IHw Hl Pl HUl ImIm FNB IHU U FFl | mHl IB-UU Nl
ImIm UFl UEUlU IHw Hl ..BU IWU HUFl HU |(mF 3=O) HUP Pl WUW HH P HHN B
UNU IPB |IUU H PUlm! HBlm IH FU BUl NFI |mIP HI FU mE mIP mIP
UUI | W H HU HUE HB PIU IPHI ||(mF 383c), P mUU B INl HBlm! PUlm!
HIBW IB Nl-PUl Ul-PUl P HHN U WlB, HPIW IFH HUP Pl FUHIB-ImIm U,
HFI HBU HUE !HUH!N !H HUE !(mN 3)
(H) UFl UEUlU IHw Hl IFH N IB UBl BUPNl B-Ulm , UB-Ul, H Pl HIB-
UFBl-WN, HUUlUB HFl UFUBl (WN), H UFHl UFUBl (WN) IWUU WB IB' NFl U FU
FN HIUU IB B! U Ul | m Hl Plm! INB! IB UUH Wl VlFl Pl UUl FUUl E U |
(U) UFUBl P mUN mFN N! Pl UBN U W Ul HBU UEF; IFN UFl Hl P UUN UH F U |

BIH MN (N 3) :- UFI W !Hw HI U BI NHBW UH !UB UI !WB' :
INH UFBl IHHU W N IB HHl HIUU Pl Pl UFUBl UFB UFB W UF | UFBl mB
UFBl INF U H! IFHBl-INF , U B UNU HF INIm U |IFN Pl P mUN l Ul HHUF |
IFH N IB' WFl IUEVW BN FU Ul UP | UFUBl P mUN HU WB IB W IHw Hl WUE
mHU H IN U, IFN Ul IN U mF HB' N IB W IUm N U |

BN MN (N 3U) :- UFI UEUIU !Hw HI B MN UNBI NB B BB NUH!B !UE
(U)Hl PHHB Hl mWN U Hl mW! U-UFBl, BH Bl, BHHl ! N HWB ()
WlB U| HH IW ;- mIHUH Hl, Hl WN Hl, UFWB Hl, mIH Hl, UFB Hl, HU!WN Hl mIPW..
vWBM : U mWNU P IFU ! FU FN HIUU Hl IB ' W BW IWH FU-UHBl Ul IN |
UHWNl HUN , mF cc B mWB U: H H fHHf B WIWfU fUf NBI HUWM !, mUNB
wIU wIU UHFlm UH ImU|(H:3,m F 3Oc) P UWU HUWN mBHW-IB WUE Nl
BBl UHBl U| UFl UEUlU IHw Hl mBl PHH FN P v 33O U W lBIUm Ul ; INIm
U HUWM W fHN W Hfe U!N fvWfB! mNB, HUWM e fHN UN B aH fvM W HafBm
IFm | FU FN HIUU Hl Pl UEl mWN U P H HE INm! B UBE' UHPl U | U IFU
WH HUWM-vI-mWMvN U fWHe fHN aIM veN WW W HafBm W!e U | UU PH N P
U (F) IB HBU WlB U IW IHUN BBUl 3O IN W UN-UN BUUN FUIH! N U-UUl
WlBl FFl U ; PHHB Hl Pl UB Ul |
WU-H!P PHH FN IB PUH mUl BIUB-V P mB, BvBI UHI W UN e W Pl UBN
IHU WUPl U IW HUWN, mIHUH, WN Hl, mIH, UFWB.. aII U IWU'IW HUWN UN B BU
W BlU WH BNU'P UIFm HF NUP U, Hl U W UUBl B HUP U| Wl FU FIUP IHw Hl P
mB FUIH! P IFBU BUlUUUl U HWP U HI mU U HHE | Nl IUUBl U UFl UEUlU
IHw Hl Pl mB IFU! Plm! INB! IU lBU HB HE INm! Pl IUUBl U, U H UlBU |
(m)PUF HIUH IFW BlHB HB ImN WU, Pl HB ImN WU
vWBM : U: IUUPHlB IHw Hl UU IN IUN N IB H UU U IW BUl Plm U! HUWUV UE
P mP U B! PUF HUWUV UE Nl Pl PUF, BUl, UFUBl, WNW, WN, HUWNl
mIPW IW' ImN WUlF fBU mv-fWI fMNB! fBU! fMNIm! UH! fWB UH HfB-UIa
fH WeIm! U |
(B) HUWM WMW mI ! P mUN HUWN l mWN-U mB WNW l mWN-U UFl
UEUlU IHw Hl IUNWN FNB WlB U IWU'IW IWV mI fBHBI-fMN WBW U | HUI mN U,
HUWM eI vBI WMW eWI mI | IWH Pl WNW mUUl B WP' mUUl UFl UEUlU IHw Hl
lBIUm Ul Ul | HfBB W NN e v UB fMfNm fBa e Hv HHWM U fvB mv
! efH WMW HB UH ! H IW UFl UEUlU IHw Hl IWH N IB INIm Ul Ul , lBUP
IW' FN IB WMW e vBI HHWM UE HUWM fMfNm U mB HUWM e fHN UN-aH
vI'eU|IFH BU! IHU UP U IW HUWM % mWM-vN UI|W WBI B H fvB B U H HB !
u
(HU H: u, 3O)NaHe fWB B e mN HUWM W! WMW mN B! UH WN mfNmI WBI UI|
UWU! HN IUN' U BW IWH BHl Pl HwUB WN, WfH HH eI fMNI mU H ml WN U |
HUWN WNW mUUl | IB IN H mU FU FIUP IHw Hl N IW' HU HWP U! HPIW
v 3uu (HB HH WN HB UBI!) mB c Im! B v:3O Hva B B WfH HH HaI H U
(H) IB , HFHIF P mUN l UFl UEUlU IHw Hl FNB WlB U IWU'IW UU! UIBB UW FN
Plm! U INlm! WBlm! P HN B IEWU (IFBU,PHH HWU,IWHBU)IUm N lBIUm Ul|
=eWI W WI UHBB WN !(v Oc)..BUl HU HU UBl UWI |..fHW HlBN HFN BBN U
|8| |BFl| H FHIU INH HU' || fMW MNI HI vN fB H |8=8| HUWM
UU UHU | HUMU H IWWU NU | m H WU UU |UU FU Wl NH IUBU |8=|
NH UU UNWB (eWI) W UV | UUU WU WIUB IUIU | IWH WN HB BIUB UBU | BW
UfB WfH MU H !88O| mUNB, IB-IB(UBl) P mUU-UlHU HU (HH = HUWN ,
U mUNB H = WNW) P IUm WUIPm! UMaU WH-HNI WfH HH mE IFBU NFl eWI
eN, UWI faW, HIBM, HUWM, HUMU, UNWBI ! fMNe U W fW mWMvN MNfBW UI U |
= U UI U HIH U WU IIU HUl..|..HB HUIF HP WNHfB IW WU HH IFU UU PlH |v:8cu
= mU WU WfH HH faW H WNHfB HUI UBI !O3!(v u3u)
HBU U IW UFUBl, UFBl, BUl ,IB, HlBN, HFHIF (HFPU, HFBHB), WNW, WN mIPW
IFW Pl P H U HH IW HUWUV UE IB INIm U mB HVH WI mP WlB U |

NHW! MN (N O) :- HUWM WMW mUUI ; !MNB UFI W !Hw HI U :-
IFH UN!IF UU BN N P (F) U IB IBU WU BW U!| FU FIUP IHw Hl == HN (Fl:3>
3>Oc, WBUl O-=c) FUFPl B IUUHH UU ; IFH PU WP UHWU UUB B FF Ul Ul'
mU H () ml WN U | UHWU UUB U HU |BU UH () mIUW BHV HUl| HUWN
WNW mUUl |..(UIBB UW FN) IB H mB UH mU FU FIUP IHw Hl N HU N FU-IPW
Ul U IWU'IW FU HIUU Hl WP WFl Pl-PB Ul IHm| IFU FN Pl-HW! Pl UB U|

WW! MN ( N ) :- UNBI WI WU (!MNB UFI W !Hw HI U ) UW, BWI WI
WU, NWI WB! !WB UBI UFI uU-WN | BWI B uU BI WN |
(U)UFl W IHw INP U WFl mIFml IFIB Hl HUWUV UE HIB H Wl WN VIU Ul
UFl U | PUF UEIFm HU UUlm! | mIPW U W Ul Pl Pl WN FU HIUU N'
HHUP U |(mNB, fBH W N HfUH eI fBB HHUa WM mfNmI U ,fHMWM IW U WI |)
(m) BUl BIUB mB U IB, HIU IHB U HU U H IHB WIU BIU PFl U | mB UU
Hl mIFm IH IFU FIFm | mIPW P W mFVl mIm WUP U IW FU HIUU
PUF P mIHU HUBH PIHm U | v bU fBU UI Wae fW fBU HM e UMN U, N
HfUH! WM' UI U | ( fHMWM IW U WI , HM e UMN UI U mB N-fBB UI |)
(F) UFl W IHw Hl mF INP U - WP IFU U HWP U IW FU FN HIUU P IFH UB P IUU
B WUImB UI m!B UWI ! HW!B WI HUIm WU WNI !(mN cU)
FU HIUU Pl P HUBH IB IFU INP IW
U WI mfBm fW fBU NfBm !uu! (mNB N HfUH mH We UI fMN HWe)
H BWI HWBI BE mN mHHUN U, HBI WN !WH BU! HWBI B HWBI U

B!UHH NMH HI ! mNW WIUBI ! UE WU M mNE UUH BU | UNBI / BWI BUN
WI WU NU U!BB UI | BWI BI WU (mB mWM HB!B WUI H!BI UB) B N WUE
WM W!UNU B H HNE BI N! HBI WUEI BUN B H HNB U :-
BUI WI HW WU!U WU UI BIH ! NNU IU !WUMIm HN UI UIH ! (mN c)
B!UHH NMH (HUHE HBIm!) HWUHU HU WI HUB UMN-N !MNB !MNI U |
u
HBW! MN ( N u ) :- !NNH UNBI !HHU W (!MNB W: HHWB !Hw WI ) :
UU E'' N IB UFBl Wl U P IUE UFl W IHw Hl WU IPB U| BIFP U: Wl mB
UU WFl INUlm! UNBI NB B U !MN mUN HU WB (UFI W !Hw) IB' Ul U :
UNBI : 3. UNWB UWB, WUBU B NHW. H UNBI H UNWB HE ! NUNUHBI
mN NWE ! UWB UN !FWB w!U mE ! HIWB HU U!UH WNE ! mH UNBI
BH U!F ! W H!B HHW H!F! (H :, WU !HUI UN,mN cc); HUH!N NN
HM NW ! !BH UNBI WI H!B BH UW !(HNHI ,H:u,mN U)! . UNWB BI ,
UNBI HB H H!Um H!Fm !(NUBI m:H:u), NUHBWU B UN BI HB U NU H
H!Fm H!Um . . UNWBI , BUN BWI WU HI UNBI HI WI (BWI ). U.NWN,
HI H!UH , BMWU MFI UNBI BUNHU(BWI ) MF UNBI !WH U mN WMWI
UN (HH), UNBI MU wW!Fm (UN) u. HUWM !NNH UNBI !HHU
W(BWI ). .!FW WB, WFI N!FI HI UNWBI UI !FH WB B H U|
Hva U fW W HI UNUBI WI / W eN WI (BWI ) IB INl mUPH HUWN (IHHP IH UE
NFl UF-BUU lEl 'Pl U) mB PUF Pl (H HWBl Ul P HWPl) mF WlBl H UUl U H IW FU FN
HIUU Hl P UWH WIm WI fHN UfB H N vfU mefH W !(mN u3c) e UM U|

UNUBI vN!fB fMNI NHaI (W fHI N,H:, mN cc) eIm! vWBIm! fWB UNUBI mH UBH
HN U fWH vHBH Wa fMm U, fWH N eI fWv HeW mv vWa ( H B WfB Hv U
mva HM vWa! ) fMm U fWH mva UWe H fBW vU e B! fWB fW fMm U, fWH
N-UWH HU W NHfB H Wv W WIWB HU HU Uf WIWU vfv WH UBI !(mN 33O8)
eI WIW-WB fHN MBI U ; U W! mH UBH HN UI He-fN vHBH fWB HH W!e U |
mBf Wv UNUBI WUB ! vNfW vHUH We vB !(H:,mN cc) , UNUBI = vU-UNB HN|
NUWI HNHI HUM u eI veI (FU FN HIUU, mF >8) :-
UFUBl UFB UFIB W UF | HFN IBmF PHU W HF |H B IUH HFN UUH | WIU H HFN
UUUH| HUHIF HN | IBH UFUBl Wl HIB UBH U | UFB Wl UUN WU IB lIB |H
B mU IUH UlIB | UIU W BU IUUP UH | W mH UNUBI UNWB WU vW !
mNB, UNUBI mH HN U fWHe H B vU-UNBI e N BW fNm U,fWH HHN HWB e HN
v B B fBmN feB U, fWHe H e HU B! e UH H U fNm U, HH-fWmvW vU Wve
U, fWH NHN! eI HNB fWB W W H B BWI vv! (HHNI WH!) eI HM U MBI U, mH vU-UNB
eI HBaI / mWM HH-Ha UeI U | mHI UBH HBaI WM HN U HH' NMW B NMW eI HW fWB
MN fUe U, vU-vIB NB mv WI WH W fee U , fUe B HHe HfBN W W H!fb
vfM!(mN cO) HBHW N eI HBI HaI ( N-HHe,N-HB) vI vU-B fUe fWB WH M'e
U, U W ! mH UNUBI / vU-UNB UI HN-WIW eI HfHM mWMvN v M'e U |
WU mIFml BB-IFml-IP UU IN H:= mB H: P FUW HE W INH UFBl IHHU
W Nl WBl mUNU'E Pl WIBB WUP U | UFUBl P IUFU / mWN U mUN WUE N
W mH UFUBl UFB WU |WBl P IUNWN FNB mUN WUEF , IWU'IW mUN UEF IW
U W ! mH mWNU mWNU N'P U| IFH BU! UWl WBlm! P mUN l FNB Ul
UEF H IW HaI N N U HaI P wU IUPU UF| HaI-N WI e feW e mB HUB HW UWN|

mW! MN (N 3) :- B!U !BW HU H!U !FU( UFI mHUHIB !Hw NH ) :
FU FN HIUU Pl UEl IB' IB mB BWBl Pl mHNlmB HE NFl U IR HE NW IN U :
(U) BIU PUN N HIF HIHm IH HWBl wIU H UU|
NFl U HIFm HF HU HWIB PUN HIU U|(mF 3O=)
(m) BIU PUN N HIF mIFm | IH HWBl wU H IFm |(mF 3O)
(F) IH HWIB mI UIF W WUB m UWH UBF |(mP, mF cO)
uU
(H) U P WlBlB IH HWIB UBFlm | IH mF HWBl UIUm F UIU UFlm |(mF 3Oc)
(U) FUUHPl IH wIU HH IBU HWIB FIF|mBU BU IUUW UIU F U U IHNIF|(3>)
(W) FUHI IH wIU HFlm |(mF 3=c)
UFl mHUHlB IHw Hl IFU! WBlm! P mUN Ul IN U IH BB-U,HBH V mWN-
U mB HWBl HU IHBUl V HIFm UE WlB U, Wl IFU mUN UU WBl IB VWP U WU
IFU mUN (F) WBl B NF WUlF B! mUN UEF : UHBH B HIFm UHBH m P WUW
, UHBH m Ul IFU! B UWH BNU'P U| UN PH, UHBH mE m B UWH BNU'P U,
mUN VWP Ul | NU UE (H) IB IH mF HWBl UIUm P mUN UFl mHUHlB IHw INP U
IH P mF BWBl P UU H IW FNB U fWU'fW Ufm mN vfMN-WBW U, fHW MBI U |
HUl mUN U : IH UU IFm BWBl mF ; HWW va fWB mH UfBm fMfNm U B faW eN e
v! BM fvm U |
IB = UHBH , BWBl = HIFm, mUN FUUEl Pl UU WBl IB Ul VWP B! PIU IB UU HIU
IFU IB IW' VW HWP U! HPIW IFU UB FU FN HIUU B' UUU Pl U| mFNlm! WBlm! IB
HIB mU P mUN! N FU WU; H IUFU ml HIB Fl | HU UUIH UNU HIB WFl |(mF c)
(HIB Fl = mWN Fm NFl ; UNU HIB WFl = WFl UN),mUNB, HIB mU P P mUN U|
H, PIU IB UU UB IB IB P mUN IHUE IUFU IW' H NFlF vWa mH, vI
B vfWm!, Hva U W!e U fW faW e mN eWI eN U |
!BW HWBI B !HW WU MFI U !MNIm! NWBIm! !Um M HHU HI :
() HU IUF U HUH HUIF | BU IH HWIB WUU IWB IF |(HHl, HUN ,mF c3)
mUNB, HP' HUF U HWU-HHU-UB Ul Hl B UHBH H WN mUU UUl | U IB
Ul Hl B! PH, IB-BWBl IWH N! H FU HIUU HHU UU U IW IH Pl BWBl PUF / UFUBl /
IB mIP-BWBl UH HH' Ul Hl | !FH BU! HUWWu NUE B NW WIB U |
(F) IH HWIB HUP | H EIU EIU HFN UP | IHHIU IHHIU FIUP | UH H BUIH U IHU |
FU FN HIUU Hl P mF c>= B mWB WBlm! IB UFB HP Hl HHUU'P U : U H ! IB
BWBl P HF! P UP HHUE EU P | IUWU UHBH P H IHHU IHHU W U HFU B' U U H
; U, FUIH! NU Ul IB H! BWBl Pl | BB UlF IFU FUW
U B FW UHFIm MU ! m BW HBMW BU ! (NU NN H!UH, mN cU)
UM eH! N NfHe fHw fWH eWI faW WM' fWU' WU HNaN, UU HH-HHN eB e v U | Uv
fMN W'W' MN fWB B WUImfB UI mfe UWI ! HWfB WI HIm WU WvI !Hva fa
WeI U : H BWI HWBI BE mN mHHUN U , HBI WN !WH BU! HWBI B HWBI U
HB NU HU BN H!F ! U! B HFIm H FIU! U!F !(NU NN H!UH,mN 33cu)
mNB, H We B H v H wN W WN BW U! | H fBU! e eH U B B! W!W! W H HI HfHM
N e eH U B BfMm! fHMeI UW|fWH N NN HfUH B UH UI bUI HN U NN!,HfBB
W NN/ HHMU NN mfeW, eIm! WBIm! HaIm! vWe U|

mH NU NN H!UH HI B BUIW mNBI BHH NN NW WUW NU!HN! NU NN H!UH HI
B' B!Wm H !UU U | !BMI HWM! !WB NHHI BI WI' HHB BI !WBH (H!UB BI!NW)
!WB BWI BI WU BI NWI (H!UNHU uU), NU N!HB !Hw HI BI !MNB BUH W, BU B
HI BWI BUN B NHW B!Hm H !UU U | mHI HEB U! !W BH NU H!UH !FW
UI H!B !FW UI HN!B B UUI mB NBBW H NU UE H BHH W HU UUH! !WB
N!Fm H !UU U | HB BW mHI H!BB W NN BHH W HI BI UB HI H!W!N
BB BW H NU H!UH HI BI U UUI !B B HBHI HUBBB WUI NWNI |
!FH !WB WFI BW UI UI !W NU NN H!UH HI NU NU U B NU!HN HEB U !W,
W !H!Mm H HEIm NU WW mNE BH UU !NmU ! (mN 3Oc)
AKOqI dsm gRMQ bwry : q`Q Aqy svwl : uu
Regarding so-called Dasam Granth : Facts & Questions

fBU NN We' B' U'e fWB mfBm U Be B' UI fWWe e w fWB UfHm UfBm U | WU IP IFH
FN PH' W FU FIUP IHw HIUU Hl Pl UB Ul' HP U WU NF IFH FN PH' W Pl
UB HP U| IFH FN Plm! UUWN UB! FU FIUP IHw HIUU Hl P HBl HB HHUE B' WFl
HN! UP U'P IB mFlm!| HUNl, NNBl B IUUl NW! IFH Pl H-UU'Pl WUB' WlBl|
HU Wae U IW PH' W Hl H' W FU mUH HIUU Hl P UB mIP FN IB ' W
FU BF UUPU HIUU Hl Pl UEl PUH WlBl mB IFH FN H 3>Oc IB FU Pl P WlBl |
BP B' FUIH BUP-FU FU FN HIUU Hl Ul HF HF mUN U FU HE W HN UWP U ; WN
IFH FN Pl UEl FUUEl HP / WHU'P U mB Hl HEN, NW-UNW HUN, WUP U |

WU MN N NN HfUH WI e aIW ve WW NfHN! N NN HfUH WI M' BW BUe U |
UIBB UW FN, H IW IB UUHEl FN! B mUIUB U, PHH BBU Hl P UIBm PHW FUIH!
UUHE-P IB UNUUE! BUP U | UIBB UW FN IB mW! HF! P mlU B IN HHBl
HWB fBfB HI HfBB W NN HWW va mB fBBI HI HfBB W NN eHH HW va ..
IHU WUP U IW IFU UIBB UW FN (3) HWW va : Pl PUF P H-HUFl HUlm! P
FN, () faW va : IB /HUWN P HP-UE WUE N B UF-BUU lE N B!IBW! P FN ()
HIHe UNWB va : IB HW! P FN, IHH IB PHH HWU mUNB PH' mIUmIF IB IB P
mBU IWB Pl Ul Hl-WN INl U, B mUIUB Wl-UB! U |
fB BfB / BfB vN mB fUWB! P EN-WU-IUBU-B-mBNlNB IHUE N mUB! P
IWH IB UE IB IN UP B IFW mHU Pl UBN (IFHBlV' W HU) B mUIUB U PB
IB ( HUWM, HHWM, HHMU..) B IB Pl Bl Pl UBl ( faW, eN, BWI, UNUBI ,
WMI , UWI, HUWMI, WMW, WM) HfBB W NN e fMNIm! (WfH HH , WfH H , WfH
WM eI WWI-Wv WN mW! vfm! B ) e vWa-N fBa U ; vW WI, v B :-
HUHWM U !NB mNU ! B!H WMW HB UHU ! ( NU NN !WB !FB B HUN )
HfBB W NN eI mHMIB Wa MBI WwI vWBM WI mfB HI U | Hl FU FN HIUU Hl Pl
Ul IBUUU (FUHIB IHU!B, WFl UlWWU! P UlW ) HHUE UUB mB U: UB IHw HFl, HUW
FlH-B!HNU , HUl VlUIHUl, IUmN Plm! INlm! HBW! FU W IBUUU , PHH
FN P WUIBB mB H Nlm! IB WlB IFH WU H!P PHH FN P UlW mB UU IN UUHEl FN
IUPl-UB-mP-HIUB U UUB U IN BN mB HN HHE mU'P U :-

!FW HVM HWM : !HH !WHI NN BHH W NU N!HB !Hw HI NUB-NBI (NU-
NBWI) NB UI WIBI , WI H NN BI !WH UB NU-HEI H!m H HWB U

(3) fBfBUHW! NW WW efHm U IW HHP PHH FN BU mHElW FN! (IH! P ! IB WFl
N!Fl' EUW H) eI HBI Wa B' He U'e fWB mfBm (U Hl, U: UB IHw HFl Hl P H
Nlm! IB WlB, FIUP HP HUUNl, IPNl N' EIm UlW IB' UIHW IUNl Nl )|
= HWM :- H IFU FUUEl U B! PH, FUUEl P IFW l mU H! NF-HBU wUFl , UFl H!
UPNl H HWPl U ( VP WUlF Hl UU UHUIF Hl Pl ; FUUEl Pl IFW WBl IHUl HHNH Wl
UPN W IHUl UFlH Wl WUl Hl B! FU UIU UIF Hl IHl B' EW IPB Hl |)
() fBH NN e vHM ! HfBB W NN U ; HH IW mW! Im! B IN HF! P HHBl HWB
IFBl Hl UIBB UW FN IHU WUP U |
= HN :- Wl IWH FN H! HBW P ! INUl Pl IFHWB B' IU UPINm H HWP U WPl IFH
FN Hl PHH FU FN HIUU INP U B UE Hl PHH FN HIUU | IFH FN P HUl ! IHUUl
HW WHI Ul PH HWPl , UU WHUl WBl H! HBl UEl Pl U Wl WU HWPl U
u
() fBW HW WHI H 3cc fWB HfBB W NN eI HBI () HWHM WIBI |
= HN :- FU FIUP IHw HIUU H 3>Oc IB HBl HIB HHIF; IWU' 3cc HN HUFl WU IB
NF HUFl UFl IW IHNU H! UU-UUl, WFl VWl N IW' WIU HWP U
= HN :- Wl UU Wl UEl Pl HUFl WFl IH H! WHUl WU HWP U ( UIBB UW FN Ha
WM Ne mv H U U fW fBH NN eI HaI WBI HaI U, Ha e HBMH U NMBIm! Ha| UN
PH , FU-WUBU Pl / UU Wl HBl UEl HUE Pl WP NU HWPl U
(8) H 3c eI WvI fBH NN eI HIW fWB mWM UHBfB fHMN fWH B Uv UI fMfNm |
= HWM :- IWUUl PUU UEl HUW WHUl WP' B IWU' UU UB mWN UHBIB H NFl IHH IB
O EP (: 33 B' =O BW, H H UHl HIUHU HUP) Pl PUF Pl UHBIB WUP U
(u) FU FN HIUU Hl IB mW! N!Fl' Hva HM HB % HIBH WUB U IUUU IUU
mWN HUIB mHl HU FUHIP | mIWB U | PHH W FU FIUP IHw Hl N' PUH ' W Hl
Pl UEl (IHUN HUN c) UF HHBl HUN c UEl P BU IB mIWB HUE HN HBU U Hl|
= HWM :- HHB HfBB W NN fWB fW WI Hva HM HB UI fMfNm , fWU' !!
WI eHW' W W' W BW BMI m UI He W! Hva HM HB UM NB UaN
() HNMB mN H HN HBU % HfBNvHfe! FU FN HIUU IB UElWU (HUN 3,
=,8,,c, H! UFB P !) H! wU (3,,..UBN) H! IWB UF UPNE B BU IB mIWB WlB IFm U
; WFl mF! B IB Ul l INIm U | UBB W WI fW U WBI HM-HB UI fMfNm |
= HWM :- UIBB UW FN IB UUB wU N!Fl' % HIBFUHIP INIm U ; WU W NFl' % Hl
IUFU Hl Wl EBIU |( UN!IW EBIU UNU'IPm! Hl UBUE H ImU H WUP U ) mB HmB
N!BI' eWI-eN-HW HI UNUBI WI HUfB ! W! HI UNBI B HU ! fMfNm fHMe U | IFU
UF-UPNP HFNBU INE Wl FU-HUVP Hl
() U FU FN HIUU Hl Pl UEl IB fBa e Hv HUE HN HBU % HIBH WUB U
IUUU IUU mWN HUIB mHl HU FUHIP | IB PUHIFm IFW-IFW IFW-UH HP-WIFH
H N UHBH,IHBUl P UBUU,HUU-ImW,HUU BWBlH, H HU, HH' P U mN
HH HUE B' UIUB UHBl ; IHHPl Bl FU Pl IWU N Ul UPl U | IFH Ul B HU IB B U
HU HB | B HU UU B HU UB |(mF 3O=) FUUEl mHU mHl HB-IB HP U!|
= HWM :- U UIBB UW FN IB IFBU P HU >= B IFU' INIm U ;-
HHWM U fvB mv ! efH WMW HB UH ! mUNB, PB-HUUWN mB UHPl HIFl Pl-
WNW Wl FU FIUP IHw Hl P H! FUIH! P IFBU (HE H! mUUE VF UHBl) U HWP U
fBU B! aWB-HBIB WH-HNI B!fBW! ( We a Wa WfMm! ) e fBa U |
(U : HUWN WNW P UU UH HUUWN, mIHUH, UFUH, mIHWB, WN, WNl, HUWNl, BUl,
PUF,Ul, UFBl, UFUBl, IB mIPW mW! ! eWI W! HUWM UHBfB IB IN U|)
NHaI e fa ; IH HWIB mI UIF W WUB m UWH UBF |(UHWNl H:=,mP,cO)
mUNB PB IB mB BWIB IB UHBH(%) P WU mE mUl UW UWH BNIFm|
(c) IFH UIBB UW FN IB IWH UB IB W P BNMH ( BU eI Wv ) Ul INIm,
mW! vfm! B WfH HH, WfH H, WfW WM ! e (WMI) WWIm! eI Wv BU WW' fMNI U| =
HWM :- Wl PHH W ' W BW BNl m UUl W-P UU BIUm UF
(c) FU FIUP IHw Hl BWUlU H 3>3 B 3>O BW mUNB =8 HN HU IB UU ; HUl /
FUHl IB INl FUUEl UP , WlUB WUP / HEP mB BUP UU, B! PH ,
= HWM :- UIBB UW FN IHH IB UH UB, UHHNl UNl IUFN.. UU UNlm! U IWU'
FUHl IWU' Ul (U ; mH WU HN! B' HU IB H IUUUl l BFl HUl HEP U|)
(3O) FU FIUP IHw Hl IH! P FU H 3> B' 3>Oc (== HN) BW UU ; IFH HH' PU WPl
UHW UUB B FF mB Ul UU! P HUWM WMW mI mNB eWI-vW IHU UP U |
= HWM :- FU FIUP IHw Hl N HUl IEN IWH P BHl Pl WN mU H ml WN U ..
N FU H! IH! P Wl HUU (HU FU FIUP IHw Hl N FU-IH HUU H 3> B' IUN' Ul)
( U : UFl NIUE Hl FU W HIUU Hl Pl BUE mUE B' IUN! Pl-HW H ; B Pl P UH
H!P H | U FU W HIUU Hl Pl BUE mUE B' UP Pl Hl , Pl-UH FF | IH! NFl
u
B-Pl-UH FUUH Ul B! UHWU FUUH IW' NHaI e fa U : fWN WfB HU H HfBN
H N HUW HW !(mN 8uO) IFUl IVH FU FIU P IHw Hl P FUUH! NFl UBlF|)
(33) UIBB UW FN IB HUWM e fHN HaUa eI fWI BIUB P mUl PUU ( 33O)
fBU WM H fHHfU WM vU eB HUfB ! HUWM W fHN Wf Hfe U!N fvWfB !
= HWM :- Wl EN WUW IWH WUUPHBl mE UUH IB BHN WU HIFW U
(FUUEl P EHN : HU BU H N W BU |IHU UIU BNl FNl HUl mU |(HUN 3 mF 383)
= HWM :- HUWM e mN WfUN fWW' HUWN P IH UF B BUU IN W UEIFm H!P U
IW U-UU P mIHB EW W | IH UF-BUU lEl FUUEl UW H WUPl U |
(U : HUWN P IWWU IB-UE Pl PPBINF (3 INF!) Pl WN IB mU'P U ; HUWN P
HIPU HU PB P BUU UH IB U, IHN UF-BUU P UBP IPB H!P U mB HU Pl UNl BUFl
H!Pl U | BIUB : 8O IB HBU INIm U IW HUWM vHI mU'e U U vHB mNB
aII U | HUW WHUl 3c> Pl El UlU IB UUU IB HUWN P mUN IUFU INW
mEl mIFmB P B HUB P IPB U |) FUUEl P EHN :- HI FIUP FN NN | UH H
IHHIU B HlIU IUIU Fl HUWN |(UHWNl H:,mF cc) HUWM = HB e eWB|
(3) HfBB W NN fWB BU fMNIm! e ! WIU HVH,WIU UH B WIU WN mW! Im! B
IN U| WFl N!Fl' IFU Wl INP U IW BW UIF WIU NU HUUl| mUNB Wl B' WFl FNBl U
H B! W m Ul HU N mUNB fMNI UMaU U!! (U, : 8,=3O,>O,3>=)
= HWM :- H INUl WI PHH W HlF B! Wl PHH W UMaU H NFlF
FUUEl P EHN: UNE mPIU HU W mUN FU WUBU |(mF 3)(HfBB W NN N fBB UI)
(3) HUM W! vBaUI :- FU FN HIUU IB HU N!Fl' W-UEl P IHUN HUN 3, HUN
HUN , HUN c INIm U ; HUN P mUN U BUlU|(BUlU UPNP UU U HB HFIB Ul UPN|)
= HWM :- UIBB UW FN IB BBUl 3O INIm U , HUN 3O IWU' Ul
( U ; BBUl 3O IH! U PE NFl INIm IFm U | 3 B BBUl 3O IRE UUB
WBl HB HH WN HB UBI! HBU WUPl U IW HVH WI Ul BBUl 3O m IUU U|)
IH HFB! HIBWU H' FU HIUU BBU, HB BBU mPlm! H U FU HIUU UNlHl IB
W lB, PHI PH UEl IB INP U |vBaUI 3O fWH mfNmI W! aBI fMfNm U|
(38) fBHBI vBI UIBB UW FN Pl IBUUU FUHIB IUU U :-
= HWM :- IFH FN IB IFHBl UU HIH EBIB IF WUBU|, mUNB UU l mUB HH W
EBIFm| mHlm! WFl UU IFHBl-IPW WBlm! (mUU IB UE),FU INB IW' FUUEl P
EHN: H IWU HP mlm IHB HHIU UH|..W UU UUU FW HB HIF|(U mH: 8>=)
(3u) fHaI B H HfBB W NN e fWB : WN W! B' HN WV W IHBUl UBl !( 8>)
= HWM :- W BUlUUUl P UP U, WN IUWU IW' (INH WN HU WU HU| FW HE
B HN IWU|B!B HUWlUU B UU|PBlm W B HN IWUl|B B UFl IHHIU HUl|( 8>)
= HWM : Wl FUIH IFU FUW HE EU PE: HB B UIFm B HN UIF | HN B IBUE
HIHm wIU wIU HB HHIF |(mF 3c) mB, mUUP UUP UUWU |UUIE FF UWH mU |
|UUH IUH HUH WFl| mU PlH FW HFl | (mF 3O=)
(3) fBfBUHW UM! : (=) FU mUH HIUU Hl Pl BUlPl P U FN IB IWB IWWU Ul, IWU'
(=) UFB UHP Hl IUN HHU IB mF B UWUB HUHP Hl UP IB mHlm! UU WFl UN!
(3) mUaIm! NM! (NvW) ;- HIBHF IB HUWN Pl P'B! N UFl HF P UN (BfB : 8Ou)
(=) P'B! P HU' IWNl mF B' UUUl P U FF !! MN! HM vfUM! v / HM fWN'
(=) P'B! HH EU B! HVP B B HFN P U W HUWN N NU NF !!(BFl 3cc-3cc)
(U : IFH HF IB,BIUB 8O, HUWN FH mU'P U, U-IWU UN! IB UU W NUP U,
MW!Bm! HUWM NHI m!B U | !FH B' HHB UB U !W HUWM BUIUUUI U |
HBU U!UUH !WB NWI H!BI BNFI UHUI WU UN B UW!( B' UO3 = u
BNFIm!) !FH BUIUUUI HUWM mN WIBI HBI W!H HuH !MNI U : WHu HB!
HBI ! O N!m! B !FH UOuW' B!UB !WB !WB WI NBBUI 3O UI !M!Nm NU
uc
N!Wm! !WB !WH H-HUHI M WN !BB U, !W')
(3c) U vHN fWB eWI eN / WM / WMW / UNUBI / BWI / faW / HUWM eI UI UHBfB :-
(U) WUl H!Pl mWN UHBIB () UB IB O EP (EP : 33 B =O) H H UHl HIUHU
HUP mUNB U'H (HIU) UF P'B HUE Nl Pl PUF, BUl H HWU U |
(m) BUl BIUB 3 mB PH ; U PUF/UFUBl Wl PUF UEIFm HU UUlm!||
(U : U PUF Wl Pl IUNl UUl | U Hl UFUBl (mHN PUF) Wl |INH UFBl
IHHUW FU W NFl' IUmIF|..|3| FUIH FU B' UH U W Pl mF mUPH IWU' WU =
NfHN MBI UWH U WIm WI fHN UfB H N vfU mefH Wf ! (N NN HfUH,u3c)
= HWM:- eHH W WI e NNeI Ha HH BW vNW meH e HNW WI HI
(B) HW WI HM ! ..H WM He vfBvM fBU!We 3!(v c3O B fMNI eWI UHBfB fWB') U,
FN IB Ulm! Pl HN E NIUmW aII WM U BUU NEUU|
(H) eU faW H HfU fBU (v cc: IB,PUF,BUl B' U HFEN FU H! FUIH IW')
(U) BfB 8Ou : We c3 B' 3OO BW HUWM/ WM/ eN HI-Na WM eH W WIBI UHBfB,
(3c) HEH :- Wl FU FIUP IHw Hl WNH UPBU mUFWU Pl IUmFl WlBl UFl U Hl,
BmU : cc,cO,c3,c,c= : BFl WHlU N,PIBm! UFlm! IHEB!,UNIBB WUE N..|
(O)= BfB vN B fUWB! e maMIM fWH B maRIM aHeWMI WI N-fMNB U HWe U
IFHNHl HB UN!IF: lB WU U VB U IWUN UlHB N!U WUF |(WN UHBIB, 8)
BIUB! IB' : W BIU WU WU HB U (H UWU)| W P HIU UF IU NU | ( 3>)
..|INF PB IBU UF H UF| UF H INF PlV UH HU |UIB UHl BUl W IHV BU |( 3=c)
(3) eHH W NNeI B Ha BW (WH 3u) fWUWIm! HaIm! e fBH v We H
= HWM :- Wl mH UU! UElm! P IBH- WUE N IH FU B' UH WU HEF
() = HWM :- WI N NN HfUH WI v N UI U
{ U:U FU Pl NH IUB: mI HWB HWU U HN mH WU NU|(FU FN HIUU,mF 3OO=)
UH UN U WU!vfWB HM! WW eU! vfWB HM! W fMfN eIm!WfW BM UH WW MIm!
( N NN HfUH, mN 33uc) mHN FUIH BUl U IH! IUB! P IN FN P-UE-IHIHBlm!
mB UU! B mUIUB FN UIBB UW FN / HUUNU FN mIPW IBmF IPB U |]
()= HWM :- WI HfBB W NN / HHMU NN mfeW NN! fH mBH vBH BW W ! HUW
UI IUU PH, PHH BBU BW FUm! mB FUIH! P U-IHN IW' UIFm UF
=== NU NN H!UH HI BI HEI mB UU UB B !NWWW HN UN W WIB!Um! NB
BMB U !W H!BB W NN / WU-H!B BHH NN BIm! UBW! HBI HEI UI U | !FH
NN !WB uWI UNE WM HUHEI-NN! HE WM UI U | NU-HEI HHU'BI U :
W !H!Mm H HEIm NU WW mNE BH UU !NmU!(NU NN H!UH ; 3Oc)
!UWU !UWU mWU UI BHU WFI ! UH NW HHN BUE BUE NU HFI !(3UOU)
=== H!BB W NN NU N!HB !Hw H!UH HI BI UB H W NU N!HB !Hw
H!UH BWI-NHW mN W HBH WUE W!Mm! BM'H :-
(3) IHU WU IW IFH FN UU UUWB BN mB IUE FNB (FUHIB IUU) U |
() IHU WU IW IFU FN UUHEl FN! B mUIUB Ul' |
(=) UUWB HN! P HU FU FN HIUU Hl Pl UEl P mUU B P W IHU WU IW IFU FN FU FN
HIUU Hl Pl IBUUU N vI B! HN !P! U |
(8) IHU WU IW IFH FN P IU UUHIFml / Hl HWB Pl mHN B Ul U HWPl |
() IHU WU IW IFH FN P IU FUHIB-IFm mUU U |
(U: HNPU mWN BNB HIUU,mIHBHU 3>-3O-OO> mB c--OOc IHBU N UIBB
UW FN P NH WUW UFU FW IUUU UH|IBlm! UHlm! H, U WFl HU Ul' mIFm)
=== fBU! H HWM! e WWH fMNBI v fWB U fMN vB B UWa eI fWv WaI WI :
Dalbir Singh, M.Sc., 31-D, Madan Park, East Punjabi bagh, New Delhi-110026.(India)
Jgrw eyku inbyrhu rwm] jau qum Apny jn sO kwmu ](AMk 331) uc
HW !WN
WNe mWM BNB HfUH,
eH HfUH , mfHBH | 3u mWBH OOc
N fvm N HW HfBW N WNe WIb ,
WfUN WI W NMH !WfUN WI WI EBU !
HfH HBI U fW fBH fBI HI mBH eI mWH HHU W HW IW mB fm M vW W UB
ea eI fWvMB WI WI |
HW UUH !NB NU N!HB !Hw H!UH HI BWI-NHW fWH m B fWU W fU U UU HfBB
W NN / mNBI (so-called) eHH NN U | WU fWeW fBH NN N-fWB He U mB WU
fWeW N-fWB UI He | fBU efH e Wa MBI eH fvWM BWIH eH HM B' fBH NN e
mfm W fU U| fBH NN e W: B fHw WI WNI e IW WI eH fm M vfWm U | fBH
NN e mB fBHe m-NN! ( faW va, HWW va,HIHe UNWB va, B!fBW HB e MN /
vHfBW!) eI vWBM WW WU MN mv WI eI H-aI MBI UW fU U! |

N fvm WIb! HI a N NN HfUH WI B m U| WU fHN-fWI MW fHN! N NN HfUH
M' BW MBI N NN HfUH WI e aIW NW W BUe U | H vW WI U fW N NN HfUH
WI v N U | mfHB WWa HH' fBU NWW H feW WfBm fNm HI H H!BNU U U
!H! UUH NW B!Wm ! H H!BNU WU WU !H! U!U !H H!Wm ! (mW u) HfBN
N NN HfUH WI eI HUB eHU'eIm! mHIm! mW! vWBIm! feW WBIm! NBIm! H | fvWM
BWIH 8c HM B', mHB fBW HM fWB HHvBI , N NN HfUH WI eI mfHB-HBI WI HaI e
HUW-v WI HfBN WI fWv HeW Ua BW WI U | NHaI fBH BIH e fUe fWB H-WH BWI
U | U vM WfUN WI mN fBUI meH We U! fWv Wfb fW fBU BIH HfBN N NN
HfUH WI B' We WI HHN UW |

HUI WWI B!HU !FU U fW We' H WN WN mM HfBN N NN HfUH WI e UWH HfBN fH U
WBI U HaI!..mWU fHN HfBN W fvmfU NWU HBI HaI! H W N NN HfUH WI B' HU
eIm! HaIm! Wv, HW,BvBI .. UI vWe B! vN-eNI Hae U! mB W vWe U! B! N-UWH eI
UMwa Ua WW N-eNI Hae U!| B! H' vN eNI Ha BUe mB UI N eNI | fWv WW
eH, H' WI W!

HfBB W NN eI fm M vWBM W B' He fBW vBIB Ue U fWW' fWH H e e W va
WIB UW fWH fWB HU fHfMm UfBm U fWH M HI (mBHW) HB WII U | mH HUIM-e e
W B! H UI Ha vWN fWU'fW mH e Wa W vIB UI W HWe | H mHM HN WH vN
HW U W! N H HfBm WIUe mN Ua U WI vN eI WBI HU UHBI N NN HfUH WI
eI HaI e UM UWH e HWeI U W H mNBI eHH NN fWB eW Wv,HW, BvBI .. e v UI
We, WWM mB WWM N NN HfUH WI eI HaIm! e UI v We U!, B! WI mv WI H HBW W!
HHN mNN fHN UB He B W' fHfU' WIB WW fBH BIH B vN HB e U eH WI

mv WI HIm! vfUMIm! fBIm! (3-3O-OO B c-Ou-OOc BIN) e WBI WWH UI feB
mv WI eI BvI e fBUI mN UWN fW H MN! e faWa IW U | WWH eI HBHI M UWIW fWB
eH


(eMHI fHw)
Dalbir Singh , M.Sc.,31-D, Madan Park, East Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi-110026 ( Phone: 9899058458 )
Enclosed :43 pages of related articles. E-mail : ds@dioptres.com
PHH W FU FIUP IH HIUU Hl P mFH-UU O
Ha WMlm! IHN HFB! / UW WHlm! UN HW W UBl
gurU ipAwirE,
IUFU Hl W NNH | IUFU Hl Wl EIBU |
NUNUH HE B' HW mHM HWHB U !W NU H!UH HI W!WmFIm!, NE!, NBB!,
WUIHm!, WUUlm! B' HU HHU HE WUFlF | HU UU UP U IW 8 HN Pl HHUW mV
IB H HU WUH (3) HN Pl UHU IB IB FU BF UUPU HIUU Hl UUIHW mWPl NBU
BUlP UE NFl mE() IBEl HB HB-IHUl UEUE(=) WNH P INNE HF NUIPm! HB
FHUl Hl mB mE BU HIUUWP BUlP WUUE(8) HU HHUW H NW-UNFl NBU IBmFE ()
UNW V WU B' IUN! HUP-FU IHU!B IPU WUU'IPm! W-BUl HHB =c (FlHl H
3>Oc) IB BH W HIUU P UB mIP FN IB ' W HIUU Hl Pl UEl mIWB WUW IBmU
WlB FN FU-Pl P WUW H FU FN HIUU Hl P NU NUE.. FU W HIUU Hl P IHB
Hv W N NfHe fHw HfUH WI WIB, fW! Ha W HfUH WHM WfUa UI Hae U|

NU, mU! mHI m!WBwE !HN mH HU NU (H !W H UHB! UI NU NN H!UH !WB
INl mIHB-HFl UEl, UU Wl UEl , HBl-HBl IUWU Pl UEl N HUP UU) Pl PIBm! P
UHW, FUHIB IUUl mBNlN FN! (UIBB UW FN UUE PHH FN mB HUUNU FN) P UBUU
H W w mvH W U U! | IFU! FN! Pl Uwl UBN WlIBm! IHU UP U IW IFU P'' FN
UUHEl-FN! HUWUV UE (Pl PUF, IB, UFUBl, WNW, HUWNl P FN), IB UE (PB
HUWN, HUUWN,HUUNU.. P FN), Hl HP UFB UE (PB IB P mBU! UH BP, IWB
mIPW P FN) Pl WN HU W IN FF U | fBU eW' NN eHH-N-fBB UI U |
HIBFU FU FN HIUU Hl UEl P UWH : vfWB HM W fMN eIm ! WfW BM UH WW MIm!
H W H UIBB UW FN mB HUUNU FN IBmF PE BUlP U IWU'IW IFU! FUHIB IUUl FN!
IB IWH IFW l B Hv HM-HB % HfBH WB vN fUU fW mWM HfB mWI
HU NvHfe ! Ul INIm U Pl-UUW Hl UFUBl Hl HUIF |.. Hl UFBl F HU |.. mB
HUUWN Wl UE.., HUUNU Wl UE mIPW HFNBU IN IHNP U , IWU' IWU'IW IF! FN!
IB IFBU P HU UIBB UW FN P ! >= B HBU IUm WlB U :
HUHWM U !NB mNU ! B!H WMW HB UHU !
mUNB, PB HUUWN mN HUWN HU IB U B Pl WNW,PUF,UFBl,BUl,IB HUl H! U |

NU, mEHH ! !W mHI !F! NUH!B-!WUUI NN! BIm! WBIm! HEIm!, B!U !BW HU H!U
!FU UHW NUHB U HU! HUWM WMW mUUI U U!W U H!H U WUE!!U
!WN W!U BuH FU HU BIH!.. u B NH UF U HU H! BN WI U! w WI WU
WM WI HUN !NNH UNBI !HHU W UHUI WU UN B UW (WWIm! BIm! UB!W!)
B N / WIUB WUI H UU U!, HPIW FU FN HIUU Hl P UWH U (mP UEl):
UWH H!U NU WU NWU HBI HEI !H!BNU !H UU WBI U HEI !..(mN cO)
UHWNl HUN =, mP UEl P UWH H W mHI N NN HfUH WI B' HHN U U U! | Wl IFH BU!
mHl FU HIUU Hl Pl UNIBB P BU UE HWP U! mHl IUU BB WUlF, U mH H: 3,
UW!H H!m UW NUWE B NHH W HUM N!FHI!.. !B BUNU NU H!FHI!(m:U3)

NU !Nm!U ! BW' UN HW W HBI U !W H!UH WHM BHH W NU N!HB !Hw
H!UH HI BWI-BW!Bm! B NBW !HU WUE WMIm! UB!W! B UBUU BUH W
HBH WU HI | WWM mB WWM NU NN H!UH HI BI HBI UU WI NW HEI B N,
WIUB. WN, WIBU, WHFI, NBU WUW mNE HN HH HEM WU HI |
;k~ ihT[Idk d\BkfJnk J/ nkr{nK B/ 61
lH 7H Jl` l7H 3` H!3 !ul, l8J H70 H0!l8H! 3' H!5H' !
lH3 lH' U HU! Jl u0 8H, UH H70 J0!l8H! 3' H!5H' !
HJ5 l0H5 UHHH U uu HU0, 8!JH5!U 5!l8H 3' H!5H' !
HU` HU` l lH= H83 Jl8H, 885 8H '8 u!l8H 3' H!5H' !
U`8l H8l 50 =0' Ul H! 3!8l`, J0 l87 !0 =!l8H 3' H!5H' !
lH=' 75! HH0U 3 5l5H! Hl, 75! J5' 77!l8H 3' H!5H' !

85Ul 75! 5 H'Ul J8l 7H 3!8l`, H70 l8! l!l8H 3' 0!J80' !
HH HU` l 8lH! 8 !5H l8, UH 80 l8 5!l8H 3' 0!J80' !
H5l lH=' l8u0 u5lH' U, H!` H70 77!l8H 3' 0!J80' !
lH 7H H5l5 70!8l l8', H70 HlU`U! U!l8H 3' 0!J80' !
70Hl 55l 3 uu 3 H! 30!, 5 H0' Ul u! 58l l3H' !
H!u H5' l8 85 7 HH 5l, lH= H0!8 55!8 U ul3H' !

l8' uu u!3!5 5 ul7H! 8, !H H!u5! U`8! 8H7!U5 U 58l!
l8' l7 J8 57' 8lHH! 8, 50' !5 HH73! 70!U5 U 58l!
lHH' l8 H!lH' 58 lU3lH', 75 3 JluH!U5 U 58l!
H!u5 H' 58l !ul 8 7HH l8', H!0l 7H U' l8 u!U5 U 58l!
l8' 7l5H' 8HlU5' 0!J80' '8`, H5 H! 8075l H0l J8l 8!
8U5 70HlH' U lH 7H l8', 75 UHH5' U l50l u0l J8l 8!

H l8' Ul 03! ! 08l UU`, HU` 33 H7!5 0lJ 00 Jl8H!!
UH 5 l H!3H! 0Jl H3l, H' U 8Hl U! J0 l87 80 0l8H!!
HU` H!5l l0!H3 Hl 58l H!5l, lH 7H 3 HU` J0 Jl8H!!
3!5!, 8!5!, lHH!H3 U! 85 0J H, HU` lH= H05 U50 Hl8H!!
77 l lUH ! l8' H!u5 l8, H3 H!0l J l8' Ul 557' !
lH 7H U 3' H30 H7 0J J, Hu0 l8' U l8J0 057' !

!H' H!0 UHHH HH 7lJ5 lH=, 8!J0 H!U HHU' U =l0H' 3`!
50 !7 U HU 3` U5 HU!, 55 J l0J H!u' U 5l0H' 3`!
0 JH l7!5 3 H 5l, l75 8!J0 HH!u' U l0H' 3`!
U!U 0 H l8' 3 0J l080, 5U 0J5 0!J80 5l0H' 3`!
50 5u Ul H!5 l8 J 85 0J, HU 75 U Jl lHu l7 0J !
H8 lH= HJlU' UlH' l83! U`u0, u!0H H5 lHH!H3 U lH7 0J !

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63
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71
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76