CENTRAL COUNCIL OF INDIAN MEDICINE NEW DELHI

SYLLABUS FOR POST GRADUATE COURSE IN AYURVED Final Year Examination

5. DRAVYAGUNA VIGYAN
PAPER-I Namarupa Vigyan

1. Dravya and its classification, importance of Namagyana of Dravya, origin of Namaraupagyana of Ouadsadhi in the Vedas, study on etymological derivation of various names and synonyms of Oushadhas. 2. Objective of Dravya-Rupagyana in relation with the Oushadhas. Sthula and Sukshuma description (Macroscopic and Microscopic study) of Oushadas. 3. Study of synonyms of Oushadha/Ahara dravya mentioned in Vedic literature and in Bhava prakash and Rajnighantu. 4. Analysis of Synonyms related to external morphology of medicinal plants 5. Introduction to Pharmacognosy- following methods of classification of crude drugs-Morphological, Microscopical, Chemical, Taxonomical, Alphabetical, Pharmacological, Therapeutical, Chemotaxonomical etc. 6. Brief knowledge regarding Nomenclature, Identification Classification of drugs in Ayurveda based on Samhita Nighantus. and and

7. Organized and unorganized drugs and their methods of evaluation.

8. Study of Distinguishing morphological characteristic features of important medicinal plants including following minimum 100 medicinal plants: 1. 4. 7. 10. 13. 16. 19. 22. 25. 28. 31. 34. 37. 40. 43. 46. 49. 52. 55. 58. 61. 64. 67. 70. 73. 76. 79. 82. 85. 88. Ahiphena Amalaki Ardraka-shunthi Ashvagandha Ativisha Bharangi Bijaka/Vijayasara Bringaraj Citraka Daruharidra Draksha Eranda Guduchi Haritaki Jatamamsi Jyotishmati Kanchanara Karkatakshringi Khadira Kupilu Lavang Madanaphala Markandika Nagakeshara Palasha Patala Punarnava Saireyaka Sarpagandha Shalmali 2. 5. 8. Agnimantha Apamarga Arjuna 3. Agaru 6. Aragvadha 9. Arka 12. Asoka 15. Baladvayam 18. Bibhitaka 21. Brahmi 24. Chandanadvaya 27. Danti 30. Dhataki 33. Ela 36. Gokshura 39. Haridra 42. Jambu 45. Jirakdvaya 48. Kampilla 51. Kapikacchu 54. Katuki 57. Kumari 60. Kushmanda 63. Lodhra 66. Maricha 69. Musta 72. Nirgundi 75. Pashanabheda 78. Pippalipippalimula 81. Rasona 84. Saptaparna 87. Shalparni 90. Shatavari

11. Ashvagola 14. Bakuchi 17. Bhallataka 20. Bilva 23. Brihati 26. Dadima 29. Dhanyaka 32. Durva 35. Gambhari 38. Guggulu 41. Hingu 44. Jatiphal 47. Kalamegha 50. Kantakari 53. Karpura 56. Kiratatikta 59. Kumkum kesara 62. Kutaja 65. Manjishtha 68. Musali 71. Nimba 74. Palandu 77. Patola 80. Rasna 83. Shallaki 86. Sariva 89. Shankhapushpi

91. 94. 97.

Shatapushpa Shyonaka Tivrit

92. Shigru 95. Thalisa patra 98. Tulasi 101. Vacha 104. Vata 107. Vidanga 110. Deodaru

93. Shirish 96. Tila 99. Tvak 102. Varuna 105. Vatsanabha 108. Yashtimadhu

100. Ushira 103. Vasa 106. Vidari 109. Yavani

9. Drug research methods- Ayurvedic and conventional, process of Drug development. 10. Standardization of Crude Drugs as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) and WHO guidelines. 11. Cultivation, Collection, Storage and preparation for the market of ASU Drugs. Introduction to Good Agricultural practices (GAP), Good Field Collection Practices (G.F.C.P.), and Good Storage Practices (G.S.P.) etc. 12. Environmental (Desha, kala, Ritu etc), Genetic and Gender factors affecting qualities of crude drugs. 13. Introduction of tissue culture techniques used for Ayurvedic Drugs. 14. 15. Anukta dravya, (extra Pharmacopeal Drugs). Controversial aspects of Ayurvedic Drugs.

16. Adulteration and substitutes of Crude drugs, and methods of detection of adulterants. 17. 18. Knowledge of TKDL, IPR, Publications and related issues. Introduction of Pharmacogenomics.

Practical

1. Field Identification of medicinal plants - At least three local Dravyaguna study tours within the state for field identification and one study tour should be organized out of state. 2. Preparation of Minimum 50 herbarium sheets of the plants collected during study tour. 3. Macroscopical, Organoleptic, and Microscopic evaluation of five different parts of plants including their powders. 4. Extraction and phytochemical evaluation pertaining separation of various parts of plants (minimum five) to TLC

5. Project- Quality assessment of market sample of crude Drugs. Three crude drugs report should be produced at the time of final practical examination.

PAPER II

Guna Karma Vigyan

1. Fundamental principles of drug action both Ayurvedic and perspective.

modern

2. Detailed study of rasa, guna, virya, vipaka and prabhava with their applied aspects, based on views of commentators like Chakrapanidatta, Dalhana, Arunadatta, Hemadri and Indu. 3. Elaborate study of karmas mentioned in Brihatrayi- etimological derivation and definition along with examples 4. Detailed study of Guna Karmas (Properties and Actions) and Review of Research studies carried out on important Ayurvedic

Medicinal Plants during 20th century including following minimum 110 plants.

1. Ahiphena 4. 7. 10. 13. 16. 19. 22. 25. 28. 31. 34. 37. 40. 43. 46. 49. 52. 55. 58. 61. 64. 67. 70. 73. 76. 79. 82. 85. 88. Amalaki Ardraka-shunthi Ashvagandha Ativisha Bharangi Bijaka/Vijayasara Bringaraj Citraka Daruharidra Draksha Eranda Guduchi Haritaki Jatamamsi Jyotishmati Kanchanara Karkatakshringi Khadira Kupilu Lavang Madanaphala Markandika Nagakeshara Palasha Patala Punarnava Saireyaka Sarpagandha Shalmali

2. 5. 8.

Agnimantha Apamarga Arjuna

3. 6. 9.

Agaru Aragvadha Arka

11. Ashvagola 14. Bakuchi 17. Bhallataka 20. Bilva 23. Brihati 26. Dadima 29. Dhanyaka 32. Durva 35. Gambhari 38. Guggulu 41. Hingu 44. Jatiphal 47. Kalamegha 50. Kantakari 53. Karpura 56. Kiratatikta 59. Kumkum kesara 62. Kutaja 65. Manjishtha 68. Musali 71. Nimba 74. Palandu 77. Patola 80. Rasna 83. Shallaki 86. Sariva 89. Shankhapushpi

12. Asoka 15. Baladvayam 18. Bibhitaka 21. Brahmi 24. Chandanadvaya 27. Danti 30. Dhataki 33. Ela 36. Gokshura 39. Haridra 42. Jambu 45. Jirakdvaya 48. Kampilla 51. Kapikacchu 54. Katuki 57. Kumari 60. Kushmanda 63. Lodhra 66. Maricha 69. Musta 72. Nirgundi 75. Pashanabheda 78. Pippalipippalimula 81. Rasona 84. Saptaparna 87. Shalparni 90. Shatavari

91. 94. 97.

Shatapushpa Shyonaka Tivrit

92. Shigru 95. Thalisa patra 98. Tulasi 101. Vacha 104. Vata 107. Vidanga 110. Deodaru

93. Shirish 96. Tila 99. Tvak 102. Varuna 105. Vatsanabha 108. Yashtimadhu

100. Ushira 103. Vasa 106. Vidari 109. Yavani

5. Detailed study of aharadravyas as per Bhavamishra, and a brief knowledge about contemporary food items. 6. Introduction to general pharmacology. 7. Knowledge on procedures, Equipments and instruments used in pharmacological evaluation. 8. Toxicological and safety Evalution of Ayurvedic Drugs - Acute, subacute and chronic as well as specific toxicity studies. 9. Introduction to experimental pharmocology with special reference to drug evaluation like analgesic, anti pyretic, anti inflammatory, anti diabetic, anti hypertensive, Anti lipidemic, anti ulcer,Anti microbial, Hepatoproective, Diuretics, Adaptogens, CNS activity etc.

Practical 1. Prepartion of minimum one Herbal Monogram- Not less than 50 pages (to be prepared in the first year and to be submitted before examination).

2.

Experimental/Clinical observations of Rasapanchaka like: Taste threshold experiment (24 drugs-both ahara and oushadha dravyas)-

 3.

Exothermic and endothermic evaluation of 10 ushna virya and 10 shitaviraya drayvas.

Observation of animal experimentation models (both in vitro and in vivo).

PAPER - III Prayoga Vigyan

1.

Principles of drug administration and drug delivery regimen Bhaishajya Marga (routes of drug administration), Matra (Dosage), Anupana (Vehicle), Sevenkala (Time of drug administration), Sevankal avadhi (duration of drug administration), Pathyapathyam (Dos /Donts) Contraindication/Adverse drug reaction etc.

2. Clinico-pharmacological evaluation/Amayic Prayoga (Therapeutic administration) of drugs which including following minimum 110 plants

111. Ahiphena 114. Amalaki 117. Ardraka-shunthi 120. Ashvagandha 123. Ativisha 126. Bharangi 129. Bijaka/Vijayasara 132. Bringaraj 135. Citraka 138. Daruharidra 141. Draksha 144. Eranda 147. Guduchi 150. Haritaki 153. Jatamamsi 156. Jyotishmati 159. Kanchanara 162. Karkatakshringi 165. Khadira

112. 115. 118.

Agnimantha Apamarga Arjuna

113. Agaru 116. Aragvadha 119. Arka 122. Asoka 125. Baladvayam 128. Bibhitaka 131. Brahmi 134. Chandanadvaya 137. Danti 140. Dhataki 143. Ela 146. Gokshura 149. Haridra 152. Jambu 155. Jirakdvaya 158. Kampilla 161. Kapikacchu 164. Katuki 167. Kumari

121. Ashvagola 124. Bakuchi 127. Bhallataka 130. Bilva 133. Brihati 136. Dadima 139. Dhanyaka 142. Durva 145. Gambhari 148. Guggulu 151. Hingu 154. Jatiphal 157. Kalamegha 160. Kantakari 163. Karpura 166. Kiratatikta

168. Kupilu 171. Lavang 174. Madanaphala 177. Markandika 180. Nagakeshara 183. Palasha 186. Patala 189. Punarnava 192. Saireyaka 195. Sarpagandha 198. Shalmali 201. Shatapushpa 204. Shyonaka 207. Tivrit 210. Ushira 213. Vasa 216. Vidari 219. 3. 4. Yavani

169. Kumkum kesara 172. Kutaja 175. Manjishtha 178. Musali 181. Nimba 184. Palandu 187. Patola 190. Rasna 193. Shallaki 196. Sariva 199. Shankhapushpi 202. Shigru 205. Thalisa patra 208. Tulasi 211. Vacha 214. Vata 217. Vidanga 220. Deodaru

170. Kushmanda 173. Lodhra 176. Maricha 179. Musta 182. Nirgundi 185. Pashanabheda 188. Pippalipippalimula 191. Rasona 194. Saptaparna 197. Shalparni 200. Shatavari 203. Shirish 206. Tila 209. Tvak 212. Varuna 215. Vatsanabha 218. Yashtimadhu

Consideration of Samyoga-Virodha (Drug incompatibility). Principles of clinical pharmacology.

5. Introduction to reverse pharmacology. 6. Knowledge about Pharmaco vigilance (ADR) in Ayurveda and conventional system of medicine.

7. Clinical trial - stages of clinical drug Research as per GCP guidelines, protocol designing, clinical Research & data management. 8. Bioethics in Clinical Research. 9. Introduction of Pharmaco epidemiology/observational study Practical

1. Pharmaco epidemiology/observational study- minimum one drug. 2. Survey of Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) in prescribed format of national pharmacovigilanc programme of ASU Drugs (minimum 3). 3. Regular clinical training in the hospital for submission of Ekala Aushadhi Prayoga (Single drugs trial/ clinicopharmocological studies) (Minimum 20).

PAPER- IV Nighantu Parichaya-Yogavigyanam

1. History of Dravyaguna. 2. Uptodate knowledge of literature of Dravyaguna- upto recent editions of medicinal plant database etc. 3. Utility of Nighantu. Salient features of the following Nighantus (including following nighantus) with authors, name and period Paryaya ratnamala, Soushruta nighantu, Dhanvantari nighantu, Hridayadipika nighantu, Ashtang nighantu , Bhavaprakasha nighantu, Siddhamantra nighantu, Madhanapala nighantu, Rajavallabha nighantu, Madhava Dravyaguna, Kaiyadeva nighantu, Shodhala nighantu, Chamatkari nighantu, Saligram nighantu, Nighantu adharsha, Nighantu ratnakara, Priya nighantu and other contemporary works. 4. Importance and principles of formulations as per Ayurveda. 5. Introduction to relevant portions of Drugs and cosmetic act, Magic remedies Act, Intellectual Property Right (IPR) and publication issues, Regulations pertaining Import and Export of Drugs. 6. Good Manufacturing practices (GMP). 7. Quality control procedures of formulations prescribed by Drug Regulatory Authorities.

8. General awareness about Neutraceuticals, Cosmoceuticals, food addictives, Excipients etc. 9. Detailed study of five formulations/Yogas from each kalpana of crude drugs delineated in Sharangadhara samhita and Ayurvedic formulary of India (AFI). 10. Knowledge about preservatives. herbal extracts, colours, flavours and

11. Standardization of various Ayurvedic kalpana eg- Churna, Vati, Avaleha, Siddha Sneha, Asava Arishta etc.

Practical 1. Shodhana methods of Visha dravyas. 2. Preparations of two yoga from each kalpana of Ayurvedic formulary of India. 3. Microscopical evaluation of certain churna Sitopaladi, Hingvashtak, Trikapu, Triphala etc. formulation e.g.

4. Chemical evaluation of Asavas & Arishtas.

Dessertation

A Dissertation containing any aspects pertaining to drug identity, purity, quality, safety, and efficacy (experimental/ clinical study) etc. should be prepared under the guidance of approved supervisor in Dravyaguna and submitted 3 months before the final examination.

A certificate endorsed by scholer and supervisor should be submitted regarding original study.

The approval of Dissertation shall be essential before appearing the final examinations.

Reference Books

1. Rigvedasya Aushadhi Suktam Sahitam

Sayana Bhashya

2. Relevent parts of Charak, Sushrut and Vagbhata 3. Dravyaguna Vigyanam Acharya 4. Dravyaguna Vigyanam Sharma 5. Aushadhiguna Vigyanam 6. Kriyatmak Aushadh Parichaya Vigyan 7. Dhanwantri Nighantu Rajnighantu Sahit 8. Sharangdhar Samhita 9. Yogaratnakar 10. Aushadhgunadharma Shastra Pt. Gangadhar Shastri Gune Yadavji Trikamji Acharya Priyavrat - Pt. Vishwanath Dwivedi - Pt. Vishwanath Dwivedi

11. Modern Texts Related to Dravyaguna Vigyan