Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction To Project
A survey in US alone tells that nearly one million people are estimated to be blind. One of the difficulties they face every day in finding their way. Sighted people can make use of GPS navigation systems, but blind people need additional information about the obstacles that may be present in their path.

Figure 1.1 Global estimation of visual impairment by WHO region Imagine being blind and trying to find your way around a city you've never visited before that can be challenging for a sighted person. Researches design navigator system based on new development technology, tools, small and wearable devices to help people who are blind and visually impaired. The WHO (World Health Organization) estimates in 2002 that there are 161 million; about 2.6 % of the world population; visually impaired people in the world, 124 million of them had low vision and 37 million are blind. These visual impairment people are distributed fair around the world as shown the Fig. 1. For that we try in this project to build a useful device to help the blind people to navigate through the college campus.

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind
1.1.1 Statement of the problem
There are over forty-five million blind and partially sighted people worldwide that face everyday challenges living with such a disability presents. Imagine being blind and trying to find your way around a city you've never visited before -- that can be challenging for a sighted person. What happen if a blind is in trouble while he is on road? At this movement if the blind can make sense of the obstacle coming on the road, also the blind can identify it as moving or still obstacle. Most of devices available for the blind do not give any information about obstacles and manhole detection. And they are uncomfortable and also costly, hence poor blind cant purchase those devices. Using GPS technology in conjunction with a structure like public transportation, those with visual disabilities could be provided with more career opportunities, thus exulting in a more independent lifestyle. This project explored current technology, specifically the GPS devices, as a promising aid for both support and Encouragement to the blind and partially sighted as they strive for an independent life. And this project also focused on identifying the features that should be included in such a device in Order to make it better adapted for the visually impaired community.

1.1.2 Brief description of the project

Our goal is to create a wearable guidance system for the blind in which location data from a GPS receiver is combined with information about the users immediate surroundings. We use a RF wireless personal area network (PAN) to connect the sensors because of its low power consumption and built-in security. The main controller is the coordinator and the two sub-stations communicate with it but not between themselves. The main controller then analyzes the sensor information and provides guidance to the blind person. This device is going to provide information about obstacles and manhole detection in local languages. Blind person has to travel in a pre-defined path.

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind

Literature survey
Reference paper-1: GPS Talking for Blind People
Author: Ameer H. Morad Publication: JOURNAL OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN WEB

INTELLIGENCE, VOL. 2, NO. 3, AUGUST 2010. Work summary: In this paper, they have designed a device to help the blind people to navigate the environment without asking anyone. The device based on GPS (Global Positioning System), the raw data for location coordinate where the blind people stands is detect by GPS receiver, processing these data by PIC microcontroller to calculate real coordinate related with current position, then translate it to specific voice message which are presorted in voice recorder, the blind person hears voice message through the headset. Our design aims are to produce device that is more cheap by using little number of components and easy to use so that the blind person not need to do anything just hearing the voice message. The device be practically tested by some blind people who are members of Abdallah Bin Maktoom blinds school in Jordan, they gives good opinion about device.

Reference paper-2: combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS signal in a

wearable ZigBee-Based guidance system for the blind. Author: Minseok Song, Wanhyung Ryu, Ahron Yang. Publication: 2010 Work summary: in this paper they have designed and implemented a wearable ZigBeeBased guidance system in which a main controller collects ultrasound and GPS signals from sensors attached to sub-controllers and provide appropriate directions to a blind person. The signal from the different sources needs to be handled separately, which reduces sampling rate, and may impact the quality of the guidance provided. To address this we provide a new scheduling scheme that interleaves the two signals without collision, based on the on-line estimation of signal handling times. Experimental results show that this scheme increases a sampling rate by to 70% compared with the simple scheme.

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind

Reference paper-3: GPS Navigator for blind walking in a campus.

Author: Rangsipan Marukatat, Pongmanat Manaspaibool,Benjawan Khaiprapay. Publication: world academy of science, Engineering and Technology 2010 Work summary: in this paper they have designed and developed a GPS-Based navigation device for the blind, with audio guidance in Thai language. The device is composed of simple and inexpensive hardware components. Its user quite interface is quite simple. It determines optional routed to various landmarks in our university campus by using heuristics search for the next waypoints. We tested the device and made note of its limitations and possible extensions. This project focuses on GPS-based way finding device, thus navigation in this paper refers to macro-navigation. The rest of the paper is organized as follows, they should be portable and do not interfere with the blinds normal activities. In addition, their prices should be moderate.

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind

SYSTEM ANALYSIS
According to WHO estimation around 2.6% of the world populations are visually impaired. One of the difficulties they face every day is finding their way. Currently most blind people rely on other people, dogs, and their canes to find their way in buildings. This can be a hassle for both the visually impaired person as well as others. Many disabled people prefer to do things independently rather than rely on others. The Blind Audio Guidance System can provide a solution to this problem.

3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

Currently blind consumers can choose from four GPS products: 1. Talking Signs 2. Smart Canes 3. Sonar vision glasses 4 SWAN systems

1. Talking Signs
Talking Signs is a wireless system that consists of infrared transmitters located throughout an environment (e.g., bus terminal, museum, city streets) and infrared receivers carried by the user. Each transmitter is programmed with and broadcasts a short message, usually pertaining to the local environment. Talking Signs receivers are handheld, directional and local. The signal is stronger and detectable when the receiver is pointed at and near to a transmitter. The receiver delivers auditory information to the user through speakers or a headset.

2. Smart Canes
This project aimed at the design and implementation of a detachable unit which acts to augment, to allow knee-above obstacle detection. This unit consists of an ultrasonic ranger and a vibrator controlled by a microcontroller to offer an increased detection range of three meters. The distance information is conveyed to the user through non-

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind
interfering multi-frequency vibratory stimuli, the frequency of vibration indicating the proximity of obstacles. This unit is also capable of detecting fast moving obstacles.

3. Sonar vision glasses

Sonar Vision Glasses is a secondary mobility aid typically used in conjunction with guide dog. Sonar Vision Glasses employ an ultrasound cone that measures 40 degrees in the direction of "gaze." A low pitched tone is generated as an object comes into view with a range of about 3-4 meters. The pitch rises as the user gets closer to the object. An absence of sound means that there is no nearby obstacle. Obstacles on both sides and up and down, can be detected if the user orients his or her head.

4. SWAN systems

Figure 3.1 SWAN Systems The SWAN consists of a small laptop computer worn in a backpack, a tracking chip, additional sensors including GPS (global positioning system), a digital compass, a head tracker, four cameras and light sensor, and special headphones. The sensors and tracking chip worn on the head send data to the SWAN applications on the laptop which computes the user's location and in what direction he is looking, maps the travel route, then sends 3-D audio cues to the to headphones guide the traveler along a path to the destination.

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind
ON GOING RESEARCH IN VERIOUS UNIVERCITIES
Researchers at Wright State University design a portable system; called Tyflos -- Greek for blind consists of a tiny camera mounted on a pair of glasses, a laptop carried in a backpack, a headset and a microphone. Tyflos converts the images to sound. Computer algorithms process the images and extract information from them to give the blind information about what they are looking. Scientists at the European Commission's Joint Research Centre have developed a prototype system, SESAMONET (Secure and Safe Mobility Network), which uses RFID micro-chips embedded in the ground to guide a visually impaired person through a predefined area. The microchips can be recycled from the electronic tracking of cattle. Each micro-chip sends position signals via a dedicated walking stick to a smart phone containing information about the location and a recorded voice via a Bluetooth headset - guides the visually impaired person along the route.

3.2

LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

1. The Talking Signs system is not suitable for exterior applications since transmitted signal

should not overwhelmed by a very powerful infrared light source.

2. Talking Signs, Smart Canes, and Sonar vision glasses are the systems which only detects

obstacles, however, none of them has the ability to guide a blind or partially sighted person walking through the campus.
3. Talking Signs, Smart Canes systems are hand held. 4. A sonar vision glass doesnt give information about pits, and they only concerned with

obstacles.
5. Even thought the SWAN system tack care of all this things, but could not affordable to

poor blind peoples. But All of these products are beneficial in their own way, By integrating these technologies and more (specifically, location based services like GPS), for the blind and partially sighted, navigating through the streets may become easier.

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind 3.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM
Our system consists of a main controller and two sub-controller that are built into a fabric jacket. The main controller uses a AT89C52 microcontroller, while each sub-controller has sensor. Eight ultrasound sensors are placed on the front of the jacked to detect obstacles in front of the user. we will be using 3 ultrasound sensors for the prototype system, while a GPS sensor is attached to one shoulder to gather location information. Substation 1 is placed in the hand for the detection of pit, man hole. Substation 2 is placed on the knee for the detection of front stationary obstacle. And another one sensor is attached to the main controller for the detection of sideway obstacles like vehicles. The main controller collates all this information and guides the blind person by means of verbal instruction delivered through earphones.

3.4 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

1. The main objective of our project is to design a small and simple navigate device to help the blind people to get environmental information as voice message depend on GPS technology. 2. GPS system offers various aids for the autonomous mobility of visually impaired persons: a. Provides information about turns and obstacles on the path. b. Provides general and specific environmental information.

3. We use a RF wireless personal area network (PAN) to connect the sensors to make it as wearable, and also because of its low power consumption and built-in security. 4. This system is energy efficient wearable device. And also gives audio guidance in local language. 5. This system is affordable guidance system for the poor blind.

3.5 FEASIBILITY STUDY

3.5.1 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
This project explored current technology, specifically the GPS devices, as a promising aid for both support and encouragement to the blind and partially sighted as they strive for an independent life. The project focused to design a small simple and affordable navigation device which has the capability of detecting any obstacles and pits, then gives
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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind
the information in specific voice message which are presorted in voice recorder, In order to make it better adapted for the poor visually impaired community. Some of the problems during project: the necessarily inaccurate identifications via the GPS system, great difficulty using the closely spaced and lack of speech synthesizing software. However, there remained several features of the technology that blind and partially sighted users favored and hoped could be extended and modified. For example, the ability to record voice messages in local language, the fact that the audio can be replayed and messages can be replayed again and again so as to overcome outside noise. The technology is improving every day and has potential to be a useful Navigational aid to the blind and partially sighted community. Issues with the software will need to be worked out.

3.5.2 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

Current Commercially Available GPS Technology for Blind and Partially Sighted Systems like The SWAN, which sells for $1,549 (for a baseline model, upgrades will cost additional money), is a software that works with any Braille Note product. For use with PAC Mate system, the Street Talk GPS system is retailed at $599.00. In our system the prototype cost around Rs .8000 when this system is done on large scale the market value will reduces to around Rs. 2000 so that poor blind can afford.

3.5.3 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY

The main problem that faces visually handicapped users of public transportation is the lack of information, since most schedules and routes are communicated via visual

displays. The best way to address that issue is by having all that information available in audio form. Our project examined the possibility of accommodating such device for the blind and partially sighted. One aspect considered was to create routes that follow symmetrical/geometric shapes, i.e. walking in straight paths with turns. And another making use of sensors to detect obstacles and pit, in wireless PAN network so as to make the device wearable. This system will be used if it is developed and implemented. Lots of R&D work is involved in this project interested students can take up this as there project in future so that further modification of this project can be done.
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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind

Hardware design
4.1 Block Diagram
4.1.1 Main Station

Headset or speaker

Voice processing chip Microcontr oller

Ultrasonic sensor 3

Decoder

GPS receiver

Max 232 converte r

ATMEL 89C52 Decoder

Receiver (433.92M HZ)) Receiver (315MH Z)

Figure 4.1 Main Station

4.1.2 Substations 1 and 2

Transmitter(433.9 2MHZ and 315MHZ) Data ant

Ultrasonic sensor1

data out

Ad11

encoder Dout

Figure 4.2 Substations 1 and 2

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind 4.2. METHODOLOGY OF WORKING
The primary goal of our project is to help the blind people to travel independently in any ware. Our system is going to provide information about obstacles detection and pit detection. In this we are using GPS for navigation purpose along with that sensor are used. In our system the blind person has to travel in a pre-defined path, because we are already pre loaded the latitude and longitude values.

4.3. INPUT/OUTPUT INTERFACE DESIGN

Figure 4.15 main station design

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind

SUBSTATION:

Figure 4.16 substation design

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind

SOFTWARE DESIGN
5.1 EXPLANATION
5.1.1 Keil Software
The software used to program is Keil vision version 3. The Kiel vision version 3 is the Integrated Development Environment used to build the Embedded systems. It supports both Machine level language Assembly and High level language C. Embedded C is high level language, which includes many aspects of ANSI (American National Standard Institute) C programming Language. Standarad libraries are altered or enhanced to address the pecularities of an embedded target processor. Thus the C programming can be used along with suitable cross compilers to generate the target machine executable codes. These C programs are referred as Embedded C programs. The C programming is a general purpose programming language that provides code efficiency, elements of structural programing, and a rich set of operators. Its generality combined with its absence of restrictions, makes C a convinient and effective programming solution for a wide vaariety of software tasks. Many applications can be solved more easily and efficiently with C than with other more specialised languages. The Cx51 is a cross compiler to compile C programs for the target 8051 environment and provides certain extensions to ANSI Standard C to support the elements of the 8051 architecture. Also Kiel vision version 3 support ARM target machines with suitable ARM GNU compilers. These cross compilers are ground up implementation dedicated to generate fast and compact code for the corresponding target micro

controllers. The C language on its own is not capable of performing operations that would normally require intervention from the operating system. Instead, these capabilities are provided as a part of standard library. Because these functions are separate from the language itself, C is especially suited for producing code that is portable across a wide number of platforms.

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind
5.1.2 PROLOAD
Powerful programmer for the Atmel 89 series of microcontrollers that includes 89C51/52/55, 89S51/52/55 and many more. Proload and Firmware Version 4.1 at 57600 speeds.

Figure 5.1 ROM programmer Features

Supports major Atmel 89 series devices Auto Identify connected hardware and devices Error checking and verification in-built Lock of programs in chip supported to prevent program copying 20 and 40 pin ZIF socket on-board Auto Erase before writing and Auto Verify after writing Informative status bar and access to latest programmed file Simple and Easy to use Works on 57600 speed Specifications Dimensions: 76mm x 180mm (3" x 7") Power Supply: 14-18V DC or 12-16V AC Interface: RS-232, 9-pin D connector Data Speed: 57600 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop, no flow control File format: Intel 8-bit HEX Program Sockets: 40 pin DIP - 0.6" & 20 pin DIP 0.3" ZIF socket Software: Works on Windows 95, 98, Me, 2000, NT, XP Introduction Simple to use & low cost, yet powerful flash microcontroller programmer for the Atmel 89 series. It will Program, Read and Verify Code Data, Write Lock Bits, Erase and Blank Check. All fuse and lock bits are programmable. This programmer has intelligent onboard firmware and connects to the serial port. It can be used with any type of computer and requires no special hardware. All that is needed is a serial communication port which all computers have.
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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind
All devices have signature bytes that the programmer reads to automatically identify the chip. No need to select the device type, just plug it in and go! All devices also have a number of lock bits to provide various levels of software and programming protection. These lock bits are fully programmable using this programmer. Lock bits are useful to protect the progam to be read back from microcontroller only allowing erase to reprogram the microcontroller. The programmer connects to a host computer using a standard RS232 serial port. All the programming 'intelligence' is built into the programmer so you do not need any special hardware to run it. Programmer comes with window based software for easy programming of the devices.

Figure 5.2 working of Proload

Hardware Major parts of this programmer are Serial Port, Power Supply and Firmware microcontroller. Serial data is sent and received from 9 pin connector and converted to/from TTL logic/RS232 signal levels by MAX232 chip. A Male to Female serial port cable, connects to the 9 pin connector of hardware and another side connects to back of computer. Serial Cable is made with 9 pin male connector to 9 pin female connector and connect pins 2,3 and 5 straight.
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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind
Power supply is attached to DC Socket, The Bridge rectifies and make the polarity proper, This voltage is unregulated called VDD. From VDD the required supply are generated on board. Hardware's central part is the firmware that makes the programmer intelligent. Firmware of this programmer is responsible to recognize inserted chip in either of the two ZIF socket. This information is sent to ProLoad on the computer. When a hex file is sent from the computer, the target MCU is loaded with appropriate address, data and control signals. After the programming of all data is finished the data written is sent to computer for verification.

Programming Software Computer side software called 'ProLoad V4.1' is executed that accepts the Intel HEX format file generated from compiler to be sent to target microcontroller. It auto detects the hardware connected to the serial port. It also auto detects the chip inserted and bytes used. Software is developed in Delphi 7 and requires no overhead of any external DLL.

Figure 5.3 Proload v4.1 dialog box Connects to your computer's serial port (Comm 1, 2, 3 or 4) with a standard DB9 Male to DB9 Female cable. (Cable Included). Baud Rate - 57600,COMx Automatically selected by window software. No PC Card Required. Uses Intel Hex Data Format (Default output of most assemblers and compilers.)

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind
5.1.3 Program to get the GPGGA data from GPS receiver To create lookup table for GPS navigation we need to interface LCD with GPS receiver. And the program for the interface is as shown below. $mod52 ORG 0000H

MOV A, #38H LCALL COMMWRT MOV A, #01H LCALL COMMWRT MOV LCALL A, #0EH COMMWRT

MOV A, #80H LCALL COMMWRT MOV DPTR, #MYDATA LCALL DATAWRTTAG

MOV A, #0C0H LCALL COMMWRT MOV DPTR, #MYDATA1 LCALL DATAWRTTAG

MOV TMOD, #20H MOV TH1, #-3 MOV SCON, #50H SETB TR1

AGAINN123: CLR RI
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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind

AGAINN:

JNB RI, AGAINN MOV A, SBUF CJNE A, #'$', AGAINN123 CLR RI

AGAINN1:

JNB RI, AGAINN1 MOV A, SBUF CJNE A, #'G', AGAINN123 CLR RI

AGAINN2:

JNB RI, AGAINN2 MOV A, SBUF CJNE A, #'P', AGAINN123 CLR RI

AGAINN3:

JNB RI, AGAINN3 MOV A, SBUF CJNE A, #'G', AGAINN123 CLR RI

AGAINN4:

JNB RI, AGAINN4 MOV A, SBUF CJNE A, #'G', AGAINN123 CLR RI

AGAINN5:

JNB RI, AGAINN5 MOV A, SBUF CJNE A, #'A', AGAINN123 CLR RI MOV R7, #34 MOV R0, #40H

AGAINN6:

JNB RI, AGAINN6 MOV A, SBUF

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CLR RI MOV @R0, A INC R0 DJNZ R7, AGAINN6 MOV R7, #09 MOV R0, #4CH MOV A, #84H LCALL COMMWRT LJRETE: MOV A,@R0 LCALL DATAWRT INC R0 DJNZ R7, LJRETE MOV R7, #09 MOV R0, #59H MOV A, #0C4H LCALL COMMWRT LJRETE1: MOV A,@R0 LCALL DATAWRT INC R0 DJNZ R7, LJRETE1

LJMP AGAINN123 EEXIT: SJMP EEXIT CLR A

DATAWRTTAG:

MOVC A,@A+DPTR JZ RETERE LCALL DATAWRT INC DPTR SJMP DATAWRTTAG

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind
RETERE: RET

COMMWRT: ACALL READY MOV P1, A CLR CLR P2.0, RS P2.1, R/W-

SETB P2.2, EN JB RET MYDATA: DBLAT: 0 P1.7, BACK

MYDATA1: DBLON: 0 END 5.1.3.1 LOOK UP TABLE Latitude EC Dept 1258.6200 1258.5632 1258.6190 1258.6124 1258.6143 1258.6163 1258.6014 Library 1258.5816 1258.5816 1258.5809 1258.5827 1258.5844 1258.5878 1258.5898 1258.5923 1258.5925 1258.5929 1258.5930 1258.5931 1258.5950 1258.5957 1258.5963 1258.5962 1258.5969 1258.5969
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Longitude 7735.2478 7735.2426 7735.2430 7735.2434 7735.2438 7735.2490 7735.2489 7735.2484 7735.2483 7735.2485 7735.2495 7735.2512 7735.2529 7735.2533 7735.2544 7735.2545 7735.2549 7735.2549 7735.2552 7735.2553 7735.2551 7735.2552 7735.2554 7735.2564 7735.2565
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1258.5970 1258.5975 1258.5482 1258.5483 1258.5489 1258.5488 1258.5989 1258.5989 1258.5989 1258.5988 1258.5986 1258.5987 1258.5987 1258.5988 7735.2570 7735.2579 7735.2579 7735.2603 7735.2611 7735.2611 7735.2616 7735.2607 7735.2606 7735.2599 7735.2596 7735.2587 7735.2585 7735.2574 7735.2570

1258.5986 1258.5985 1258.5984

7735.2560 7735.2558 7735.2556

Table 5.1 Lookup table

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind 5.2 FLOWCHARTS
System On

Is GPGGA fix data detect by GPS receiver?

N o

Interrupt from the sensor

Ye s Extract position information

Skip the first 9 characters of GPGGA. Read next 24 characters of GPGGA which represent Latitude and Longitudinal components of position

Stop the execution of the main program

Go to the corresponding Interrupt Service Routine

Come back to the main program Display the position information on LCD

End

If the position match zone_1

Ye s

Play voice message relate with zone_1

N o

If the position match zone_n

Ye s

Play voice message relate with zone_n

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind 5.3 PSEUDO CODE
void interrupt FrontSideObstacle (void) { // Play the corresponding voice message; } void interrupt SideWayObstacle (void) { // Play the corresponding voice message; } void interrupt ManholeObstacle (void) { // Play the corresponding voice message; } Void main (void) { while (true) { if ( GPGGA fix data is detected by GPS receiver) { // Extract the position information; // Display the position information on LCD; } else break; if ( position matches zone_1) { // play the voice message related with zone1; }
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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind
else If (position matches zone_2) { // play the voice message related with zone2; } . . . else if (position matches zone_n) { // play the voice message related with zoneN; } } }

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Implementation
6.1 Implementation Plan
In our project we are mainly using 3 boards 1. Main station 2. Substation 1 3. Substation 2

6.1.1 Main station

Main station is placed near the pack or near the shoulder,becaue on of the ultrasonic sensor is along with this station,so this sensor is going to detect obstracles.Main station cosists of microntroller,APR 9600,decoder,GPS receiver and headset. GPS receiver is going to collect GPGGA data.This is compared with the pre-loaded data.if it matches then only its going to provide an audio information regading that path ,mainly we are mainly considered 3 paths for demonstration purpose.along with this we are using 3 ultrsonic sensors are using if any sideway obstrcles comes in this pre defined path ,then this information this provided through vioce message.

6.1.2 Substation1
The second board is placed in the knee for obstracle detection.

6.1.3 Substaton2
The third boad is place on the hand to detect the pit.

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind 6.2 CONFIGURATION

Figure 6.1 demo path

The person wearing this system shold move in this predefined path by selescting required destination. The proper direction is given my the system to reach his destination and also it detects obstracle present frount or side ways, and pit on his path.

6.3 Results
The components are tested individually for its proper functioning before assembling into the actual system. The GPS receiver is tested for its proper functioning using the hyper terminal in the testing PC. The GPS receiver UART is connected to the Serial Com port of the testing PC for obtaining the Latitude, longitude and other data from the receiver on to the hyper terminal. The functioning Baud rates for both the receiver and the hyper terminal should be configured same. The UART and the PC serial COM port are physically connected using the DB9 connectors. When the GPS is powered up it require sometime for data acquisition. After some time, the data in the GPGGA format is seen on the hyper terminal continuously along with other formats also.

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Figure 6.2 GPS data in the hyper terminal of the PC Finally we have designed simple wearable guidance system for tha blind.They can travel in campus without anyone support.This device is simple, wearable and affordadle for blind.we have implemented cost effective device for the blind people.

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Snapshots
HARWARE TO CREAT LOOK UP TABLE

INITIAL POSITION (START POINT , E.C DEPT)

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CONCLUSION
In this project we design a small device, and affordable device for Blind People, help blind people to navigate around camps, and get voice messages in local languege, The device loaded with prototype information about some building in faculty of engineering technology. During designing of the device we face some problems such as: 1) Same times the position coordinates is not stable at the same point because the GPS system is not very accurate, it has a range of error about 2-3 meters, delay of GPS signals when pass atmosphere, also the accuracy effect on number of satellites be detect by GPS receiver. 2) GPS system can't use it indoor building or closed area, so we test the device outdoor only, for indoor we must use some additional equipments. 3) The storage capacity of APR9600 voice recorder is relative small, play back ability for only 40 to 60 seconds. So for extending and updating the device it must it with more storage capacity chips.

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Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind

Future Enhacement
In view of the ever improving accuracy of GPS receivers, increasing coverage of differential correction, decreasing size and cost of electronics, increasing sophistication of GI s software, and growing availability of digital maps suitable for pedestrian travel, the prospects are excellent that truly wearable GPS-based navigation systems will someday be used by the visually impaired peoples. Surely, obstacles remain, such as the development of low-cost alternatives to GPS when GPS coverage is lacking, creation and maintenance of digital maps appropriate to blind travel, fabrication of reliable, affordable, and lightweight systems for all-weather operation, and coping with the inevitable liability issues. Hopefully these navigation systems will provide the visually impaired with much more functionality than simple route guidance. As rich databases for town and cities are developed for the larger population, databases that inform the traveler about nearby restaurants, businesses, etc. and some of the further improvements over the project can be as follow. A combination of GPS and RFID technology could be successful in the future. So that this device can be used indoor applications also. This system can also be made to provide bus or train route information. By integration of other technologies like RFID. This system can also be designed to give route information of entire city by using GSM technology together. So that Instant changes in path can also be given with the GSM technology. By using speech synthesizers additional information can also be given in the form of voice message. By integrating available technologies and more (specifically, location based services like GPS), for the blind and partially sighted, navigating through the streets may become easier.

Dept. of ECE, GSKSJTI, Bangalore

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