MAB4623: Reservoir Engineering Tutorial 1

1.

The table below gives the hydrocarbons which have been identified in the gasoline fraction of a crude oil. Identify the paraffins, napthenes, and aromatics and draw the molecular structure of each. Hydrocarbon Cyclohexane

Cyclopentane

3-Methlypentane

2,2Dimethylbutane 2,3Dimethylbutane 2Methlypentane m-Xylene

n-Hexane Methylcyclopenta ne 2,2- and 2,4Dimethylpentane o-Xylene

1,1Dimethylcyclopentane 2,3-Dimethypentane and 2-methylhexane Trans-1,3Dimethylcyclopentane Isopropylbenzene

Trans-1,2Dimenthylcyclopen tane 3-Methylhexane n-Heptane Methylcyclohexane n-Propylbenzene

Benzene

Toluene Ethylbenzene p-Xylene

2.

What are the general formulas for the following hydrocarbon series: a. Paraffin series b. Olefin series c. Diolefin series d. Acetylene series e. Napthene series

3.

Although there are hundreds of possible combinations of binary systems with different components and compositions, the phase diagrams of binary systems can be classified into only six (6) different types, namely Type I- Type VI. This classification is proposed by Scott and van Konynenburg (1980). a. Sketch general PT-diagrams to represent the six type of binary mixture as classified by Scott and van Konynenburg. b. Explain the features of each type of binary mixture including the equilibrium lines, critical lines, critical endpoints, and other unique features of the diagrams. c. Give examples of binary systems for each type of phase behavior especially for binary hydrocarbon systems.

4.

Methane hydrate formation is currently associated with plugging and clogging of transportation gas pipeline. The p-T diagram for a mixture of water and methane in the hydrate forming region is shown in the diagram below. a. Sketch p-x and T-x diagrams at temperature of T1, T2 and P1, P2. b. Based on the sketch diagrams, discuss on the possibility of having a region with a single hydrate phase of the system.

5. Vapor pressure data for carbon dioxide are given below. Estimate the vapor pressure of carbon dioxide at 40oF. Temperature, oF Vapor pressure, psia -39.1 147.0 -2.0 293.9 22.5 440.9

6. The densities of methane liquid and gas in equilibrium along the vapor-pressure line are given below. Estimate the density of methane at its critical point of -116.7oF. Temperature o F -253 -235 -217 -199 -181 -163 Density of saturated methane gas, lb/cu ft 0.1443 0.2747 0.4766 0.7744 1.202 1.810

Liquid, lb/cu ft 26.17 25.25 24.28 23.18 21.89 20.48

7. By using Figure 2-22 (text book) , determine the compositions and quantities of gas and liquid when: a. 1 lb mole of a mixture of 60 mol% methane and 40mol% ethane is brought to equilibrium at 500 psia and -40oF b. 1 lb mole of a mixture of 40 mol% methane and 60mol% ethane is brought to equilibrium at 500 psia and -40oF c. What is the effect of changing the composition of the mixture? 8. List the five reservoir fluids. With the help of phase diagram, describe and discuss the features of each of the reservoir fluids. 9. A field recently discovered in Malaysian water had an initial producing gas-oil ratio of 2000 scf/STB. The stock tank liquid was medium-orange and had a gravity of 51.2oAPI. Classify this reservoir fluid.

10. Laboratory analysis of a sample from Q6 gave the following composition. The formation volume factor was about 2.6 res bbl/STB. Does this information confirm your classification in Q6? Why or why not?

Component Carbon dioxide Nitrogen Methane Ethane Propane C4,S C5,S C6,S C7+

Composition, mole fraction 0.0218 0.0167 0.6051 0.0752 0.0474 0.0412 0.0297 0.0138 0.1491

11. Determine the composition in weight fraction and the composition in volume fraction of the gas given below. What assumption did you make? Component Methane Ethane Propane i-butane Composition, mole fraction 0.6904 0.0864 0.0534 0.0115

n-Butane i-pentane n-pentane Hexanes Hexanes plus: specific gravity 0.827 M.W 158 lb/lb mole 12. What is the specific gravity of the following gas? Component Methane Ethane Propane i-butane n-Butane Total Partial pressure, psia 17.8 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.6 20.0

0.0233 0.0093 0.0085 0.0173 0.0999

13. A wet gas has composition as given below. Determine the volume occupied by the gas at reservoir conditions of 5709 psig and 293oF. Component Composition, mole % Hydrogen sulfide 8.67 Carbon Dioxide 1.40 Nitrogen 0.45 Methane 79.81 Ethane 5.28 Propane 1.71 i-butane 0.55 n-Butane 0.53 i-pentane 0.24 n-pentane 0.19 Hexanes 0.24 Heptanes plus: specific gravity 0.759 0.93 M.W 132 lb/lb mole

14. Determine a value of z-factor for the following dry gas at 3810 psia and 194oF Component Methane Ethane Propane i-butane n-butane i-pentane Composition, mole % 97.12 2.42 0.31 0.05 0.02 Trace

n-pentane Hexanes Heptane plus* y Specific gravity 0.758 y Molecular weight 128 lb/lb mole

Trace 0.02 0.06

15. Determine a z-factor of a natural gas with a specific gravity of 1.26 at 270oF and 6100 psia. 16. Determine the values of pseudocritical temperature and pseudocritical pressure for the the following gas Component Hydrogen sulfide Carbon dioxide Nitrogen Methane Ethane Propane i-butane n-butane i-pentane n-pentane Hexanes Heptane plus* y Specific gravity 0.807 y Molecular weight 142 lb/lb mole Composition, mole % 3.91 12.01 0.51 56.70 8.22 3.45 1.96 1.95 0.78 0.71 1.45 8.35

17. A laboratory cell with volume of 0.008900 cu ft contains 0.007400 lb mole of gas. The composition of the gas is gevn below. Component Composition. Mol fraction Methane 0.6500 Ethane 0.2500 n-butane 0.1000 The temperature of the system is at 709.6 R. Use SRK (Soave-Redlich-Kwong) EoS to calculate the pressure of the systm. Binary interaction parameters (Kij) are given below: Kmethane-n-butane: 0.02; Kethane-n-butane: 0.01; Kmethane-ethane 0.01

18. Calculate the formation volume factor of a dry gas with a specific gravity of 0.818 at reservoir temperature of 250oF and reservoir pressure of 2250 psig.

19. The following table gives volumetric data at 170oF for a natural gas. Determine the coefficient of isothermal compressibility for this gas at 170oF and 1650 psia. Pressure, psia 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 Molar volume, cu ft/lb mole 8.5 7.4 6.5 5.7 5.0 4.6 4.2

If the gas is assumed as an ideal gas, what is the isothermal compressibility of the gas? Compute the relative error in the calculation due to the assumption of an ideal gas.