Information Technology Rice University

Document MAC 2 September 2001

Beginning PageMaker 7.0

This document explains the terminology and some basic applications of PageMaker 7.0. This document also contains information on working with graphics and designing brochures. Since PageMaker 7.0 is nearly identical on the Macintosh and Windows platforms, both versions are covered in this handout. All Windows keyboard commands will be in parentheses.

Rice University, 2001 All Rights Reserved

Document may not be resold to, used by, nor licensed to third parties without written permission from User Services, Rice University.

Table of Contents
Introduction...............................................................................................4
Desktop Publishing ...................................................................................................4 PageMaker and Publishing Terminology ..................................................................4 Text and type ..............................................................................................4 Word processing .........................................................................................4 Publication design.......................................................................................5 Placement tools...........................................................................................5 Graphics Terminology ................................................................................5

If you have any comments or suggestions about this document, send them to problem@rice.edu via electronic mail.

Introduction to PageMaker .......................................................................6

Ways to Use PageMaker ...........................................................................................6 Place Existing Documents ..........................................................................6 Create a Document from Scratch................................................................6 Combination ...............................................................................................6 Modify an Existing Document....................................................................6 Template Feature ........................................................................................6 Design vs. Content .............................................................................................6 Common Formats......................................................................................................7 Create a Publication ..................................................................................................7 The Screen.................................................................................................................8 Pull Down Menus ..............................................................................................8 Toolbox ..............................................................................................................8 The Pasteboard.................................................................................................10 Preferences ..............................................................................................................11 Viewing The Document ..........................................................................................11 Viewing other Pages ........................................................................................11 Moving Around a Page ...........................................................................................12 Using Scroll Bars .............................................................................................12 Using the Hand Tool........................................................................................12 Using Master Pages.................................................................................................12 Page Numbers ..................................................................................................12 Guides ..............................................................................................................13 Column Guides .........................................................................................13 Ruler Guides .............................................................................................13 Locking Guides.........................................................................................13

Text .........................................................................................................14

Beginning PageMaker 7.0

Placing Text ............................................................................................................14 Preparing Text for Placement ..........................................................................14 Using the Command, Place .............................................................................14 Window Shades and Text Flow.......................................................................15 Text Flow into Defined Rectangles .................................................................16 Editing and Adding Text.........................................................................................16 Creating a Text Box.........................................................................................16 Editing Text .....................................................................................................16 Altering Text Blocks and Text ........................................................................16

Graphics..................................................................................................17
Placing Graphics .....................................................................................................17 Toolbox: Graphics...................................................................................................18 The Pointer Tool ..............................................................................................18 The Line and Constrained Line Tools .............................................................18 The Rectangle Tool .........................................................................................18 The Ellipse Tool ..............................................................................................19 Working with Graphics ...........................................................................................19 Repositioning...................................................................................................19 Layering Graphics ....................................................................................19 Moving .....................................................................................................19 Altering Graphics ............................................................................................19 Resizing ....................................................................................................19 Cropping Graphics....................................................................................19 Create a Frame or Shadowbox.........................................................................20 Frames ......................................................................................................20 Finding Lost Items ..............................................................................................20 Image Control .........................................................................................................20 Background Graphics ...............................................................................22 Templates ................................................................................................................23 Templates vs. Publications ..............................................................................23 Getting Help............................................................................................................23

Beginning PageMaker 7.0

Desktop Publishing

Introduction
Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing applications allow you to create documents containing graphics and text on a computer. Business cards, flyers, brochures, newsletters and stationery are a few things that you can create using a desktop publisher. Consider the creation of a simple one-page flyer. Without a graphic artist's tools, a person would be limited to a typewriter, markers, scissors, glue, a ruler, and whatever else that was in the home that could be pressed into service. A graphic artist would have press-type, the services of a typesetter, X-Acto knives, spray mount, technical ruling pens, a stat camera (sizes photos and line drawings), etc. These tools make the job a lot easier, but they still have their drawbacks; for instance, expensive ruling pens are useless if you do not have a steady hand and a good eye. With desktop publishing, these tools have all been moved onto a computer. Not only do the tools work in the same way, but they are just as easy, or even easier, to use. Best of all, production time and costs drop dramatically with the use of desktop publishing. PageMaker and the desktop computer can help you accomplish tasks in minutes that once took hours to accomplish with traditional typesetting, layout, and paste-up techniques. It was the first in a generation of desktop publishing software packages.

PageMaker and Publishing Terminology

Text and type Text Format The way text looks, which is defined by the font, spacing and location of text. A standard unit of measurement of type. Equals to 1/12 pica or 1/72 of an inch. The amount of white space between two characters. The amount of white space between two lines of text. The distance between characters and words.

Point

Kerning Leading Spacing Word processing Orphan

A short line, single word or sentence part that ends a paragraph on the first line of a column or page. A short line, single word or sentence part that begins a paragraph on the last line of a column or page. Beginning PageMaker 7.0

Widow

PageMaker and Publishing Terminology

Wrap

The process of text flowing from one line to the next line or column and around or through graphics.

Publication design Format The way a publication looks, which is defined by the margins, column structure and location of text. The orientation of the page such that it is wider than it is tall. The orientation of the page such that it is taller than it is wide. Deliberate sections of blank areas left on a page.

Landscape Portrait White Space Placement tools Autoflow

Placement of a text file in a manner that it flows automatically to successive columns and pages.

Graphics Terminology Crop Scaling Pan dpi Bitmaps Hi-res To trim a graphic. Reducing or enlarging a graphic or page. To view parts of a document or graphic by moving the cursor. dots per inch. Dots used to represent a drawing. High Resolution graphic image screen presentation.

Beginning PageMaker 7.0

Ways to Use PageMaker

Introduction to PageMaker
Ways to Use PageMaker
Place Existing Documents PageMaker was originally designed to facilitate pasting parts of a publication together after they were individually created with other software. PageMaker has some basic graphics capabilities, however complicated graphics should be created and edited using software specifically for graphics, e.g., Adobe Illustrator or Photoshop and then imported. Likewise for text. Although PageMaker has a basic text editor, it is best to create and edit your text in a word processor, e.g., Microsoft Word and then import it. PageMaker has a File, Place command that allows you to select the text and graphics files that you wish to import. Create a Document from Scratch You may also use PageMaker to create a document from scratch by using the basic text and graphic editors within PageMaker. Combination Another way is to create most of a document in another program, import it into PageMaker, and then add to it. For instance, you could do the text in Word and then add simple graphics after you bring it into PageMaker. Modify an Existing Document You may already have a document that is very similar to the document that you want to produce. A copy of this document could be edited instead of creating a new document from scratch. Template Feature Sometimes it is more efficient to modify and use a template provided by PageMaker instead of creating your own document. You may also create your own templates to create forms or skeletons of documents that may be used over and over again.

Design vs. Content

Remember that there are two different parts of every publication, design and content. Your publication should be visually appealing, yet the content should be meaningful.

Beginning PageMaker 7.0

Common Formats

Common Formats
Brochures - These are usually one page of paper, printed on both sides and folded into panels. There are various folding patterns for two or more panels. Newsletters - Newsletters are usually published on a regular schedule following the same format and are usually produced from a template. Many newsletters are designed with facing pages, one page (8 1/2 x 11") at a time, but are printed on both sides of ledger size paper (11 x 17"), which is then folded to 8 1/2 x 11" size. Posters and Flyers - These are usually a one-sided page and may incorporate boxes, graphics, and large sized text.

Create a Publication
To open a new document, select File, New from the menu. The Document Setup dialog box will appear, allowing you to change the default for this specific document. (To change the document setup defaults for the entire application, select File, Document Setup without issuing the New command or while you are in an existing document.) The values in the Document Setup dialog box may be changed after starting a publication.

TABLE 1.

Page size Orientation Options Number of pages Start page # Margin

The default choice is letter. You can also select standard U.S. choices (legal, tabloid), some standard U.K. choices, or set up a custom size. Portrait (tall) or landscape (wide). This is an important consideration in design because a publication is composed of surfaces. Enter the number of pages you expect to need. Pages may be added or deleted later. This value is used for page numbering. The value is usually 1, however, if a document is part of a set of documents, the value may be different. Enter appropriate values for your publication.

Beginning PageMaker 7.0

The Screen

The Screen
Pull Down Menus

TABLE 2.

File Edit Layout Type Element Utilities View Window

Commands that affect the entire document (includes Open, Save, Place, Print, Page setup, Preferences and Quit). Contains Undo, cutting and pasting commands. Go to, insert, remove, and sort pages. Also controls column guides. Formats the characters and paragraphs. Contains a palette of line widths and patterns for lines and shapes created within PageMaker and a palette of shades and patterns for shapes drawn within PageMaker. Contains the index and table of contents features and plug-ins currently installed. Controls the display size of your publication. Also controls rulers and guides. Contains the commands to display the different palettes, the toolbox, and documents open.

Toolbox
The Toolbox can be dragged around just like any other window. To close it, go to Window on the menu bar and select Hide Tools. To retrieve it, go to Window and select Show Tools. These tools are used primarily for creation and editing of simple graphics and text.

Beginning PageMaker 7.0

The Screen

TABLE 3.

Tool Pointer Tool

Toolbox

Cursor

Use Used to select items, text, or a location. Once an item has been selected, it can be resized, moved, copied or deleted.

Text tool

Enables text entry and editing.

Rotating tool * Cropping tool

Rotates text, drawings, or graphics.

Allows custom trimming of graphics.

Line tool + Constrained line tool Rectangle tool + Rectangle frame tool Ellipse tool + Ellipse frame tool Polygon tool + Polygon frame tool Hand tool

Draws straight lines at any angle. See Elements, Lines for options. Draws horizontal, vertical, and 45 degree lines. See Elements, Line for options. Draws rectangles. To draw squares, hold the SHIFT key before clicking and dragging. Creates rectangular placeholders for text and graphics. To create square placeholders, hold down the SHIFT key before clicking and dragging. Draws ellipses. To draw circles, hold down the SHIFT key before clicking and dragging. Creates elliptical placeholders for text and graphics. To create circular placeholders, hold down the SHIFT key before clicking and dragging. Draws basic polygons. See Element, Polygon Settings for options. Creates polygonal placeholders for text and graphics.

+ Used to scroll the page (an alternative to the scroll bar)

Zoom tool

Used to magnify or reduce the view of your work area. To zoom out hold the ALT key before clicking.

These tools are discussed in detail in the Graphics section of this document.

Beginning PageMaker 7.0

The Screen

The Pasteboard
When you create a publication, PageMaker opens a window which contains a page centered on the pasteboard. The pasteboard is similar to the work space traditionally used by graphic artists.

TABLE 4.

Title Bar Horizontal and Vertical Rulers

The title bar tells the name of the open document. These rulers are used to line up elements in a document. Note that the cursor position registers on the rulers. The 0-0 mark is, by default, at the upper left-hand point of the page on a single page and at the top/middle of facing pages. It may be repositioned by clicking in the zero point box (where the rulers meet) and dragging. The measurement system of the rulers may be changed in the File, Preferences, General dialog box. The pages represent your document. They are proportionally sized to your real document. The document margins are represented by colored lines (they are non-printing guides). Indicates page(s) currently visible. Use these to move quickly from one page to another.

Pages Margins Page Icons

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Preferences

Preferences
To set preferences, select File, Preferences, General... from the menu.

TABLE 5.

Measurement system Vertical ruler More...

Allows you to change the overall measurement system of the rulers. Allows you to change the measurement system of the vertical ruler. Allows PageMaker to substitute greeked (simulated) text instead of actual text when the text on the screen is less than a certain number of pixels high. Greeked text redraws faster than actual text. Text below 6 pixels is too small to read anyway, so that should be your minimum. Allows you to control whether the non-printing margin, column, and ruler guides appear in front of or behind your text and graphics. When guides appear in front, some objects (like hairline rules) may be hidden from view. When they appear in back, it is sometimes difficult to place graphics.

Guides

Make all necessary changes, then click OK.

Viewing The Document

There are various ways of viewing a page for close-up or at-a-distance work. Select View from the menu and choose from Zoom In, Zoom Out, Actual Size, Fit in Window or Entire Pasteboard.

Viewing other Pages

The icons for each page are located across the bottom of your screen. A document may have up to 999 pages. When there are more page icons than can fit across the screen, a scroll bar appears. Click on the number of the page that you would like to view. Holding SHIFT while clicking on a page icon makes that page appear in Fit in Window view.

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Moving Around a Page

Moving Around a Page

Using Scroll Bars
PageMaker's scroll bars work differently than those in a word processor. Note that they are set to the center of each bar. Also, they scroll only the page you are currently on. Use the scroll bar on the right side to move up and down. Use the scroll bar at the bottom to move left and right.

Using the Hand Tool

The Hand tool is an alternative to using the scroll bar. An advantage that the Hand tool has over the scroll bars is that it gives you better control over movement. Another advantage of using the Hand tool is that the screen is not redrawn until you finish moving, so it is a faster way to move around. To use the Hand tool, select the Hand tool from the toolbox. Place the cursor on the page and hold down the mouse button. Drag the mouse to move the Hand tool and the page with it. Release the mouse button when completed.

Using Master Pages

Master Pages are used for items that need to be consistent throughout the document. Be sure that these items will not interfere with other items that are to be placed on the regular pages. The Master Page icons are found to the left of the page icons. If you have multiple but not facing pages, one master page is available. Items placed here will appear on every page of the document unless you turn off the display of master items for a particular page. To turn off the display of master items for a particular page, go to View and uncheck Display Master Items. When you specify Facing Pages in the Document Setup menu, two master pages are created, one left and one right. Common Master Page Entries Headers Footers Page Numbers Ruler guides for placement Column Structure of publication Common graphic elements (e.g. lines)

After entering items onto the Master Page, click on the actual page icons to view the results.

Page Numbers
Click on the Left/Right Master Pages icon. Select the Text tool from the Toolbox. Use the text tool to click an insertion point on the page where you want the page number to appear. Type Page, then press -OPTION-P (CTRL-ALT-P for Windows).This will cause the appropriate page number to appear on each page next to the word, Page. On the master pages, a page-number marker (LM for left master page, RM for right master page or single master page) indicates where page numbers will appear. Copy and place the text on the bottom of the right page.

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Using Master Pages

Guides
Column Guides These may be set on Master Pages, so that they will be exactly the same on every page of your document. You can also set them for each page individually as well. Choose Layout, Column Guides from the menu. A dialog box will appear. Enter the number of columns. Note that guides may be set separately for facing pages. The lines showing the column guides will not print. Click OK to exit the dialog box. Ruler Guides Like margin and column guides, ruler guides are non-printing horizontal and vertical lines that are used for alignment. To obtain a ruler guide, click anywhere in a ruler and drag towards the page. To delete a ruler guide, simply drag it off your page, on to the pasteboard or back into a ruler. They can be repositioned at any time by clicking on them and then dragging them. Locking Guides Ruler guides may be added to any page in your document. The guides added to the master pages may be modified if they were not locked on the master page. Column Guides may be added or modified from the master page settings. Choose Lock Guides from the View menu before placing text (or graphics); this will allow liberal manipulation of text and graphics objects without interfering with the page layout objects. This action is usually done on individual pages once the page layout has been defined and before text and graphics are placed. Do not lock Column and Ruler guides on Master pages if you want flexibility on individual pages.

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Placing Text

Text
Placing Text
Preparing Text for Placement
The contents of your text sections should be prepared in a word processor,e.g., Microsoft Word. However, PageMaker does have better and more precise formatting features than the word processor applications. Therefore, you should create your text in a word processor, but format it in PageMaker.

Using the Command, Place

The Place command is used to bring a text or graphic file into your PageMaker document. First, set the Lock Guides and Snap to Guides options in the View menu; this makes it easier to fit text into columns, and insures that parallel columns of text will have identical vertical alignment. Select the File menu and choose Place.

Find the document you wish to insert, and click on Open. There are three cursors for the placement of text: Manual, Automatic, and Semi-automatic. Their functions are summarized in the table below.

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Placing Text

TABLE 6.

Type Manual

Icon

Description Text will flow from wherever you click to the bottom of the column. If there is more text than can fit in the column, a red downward pointing arrow will appear at the bottom of the text block as an indicator to let you know that there is more text to be placed. The cursor will turn back into the Selection tool. Click on the red down arrow to reload the cursor to place more text. After you click, text will flow automatically from column to column, and page to page until the entire story has been placed. PageMaker will automatically create new pages if necessary. The cursor will turn back into the Selection tool. Text will flow from wherever you click to the bottom of the column. The cursor will automatically reload itself.

Automatic

SemiAutomatic

The default cursor is Manual. To place text manually move the cursor to where you want the text to begin and click once. To change to the Automatic icon hold the (CTRL for Windows) key and click at the appropriate place. If you want to use the Semi-automatic icon, hold the SHIFT key and click. Note: if the Autoflow option from the Layout menu is on (indicated by a check mark) the default cursor is Automatic. To switch to manual hold the (CTRL for Windows) key. To remove Autoflow, simply select the Layout, Autoflow option. The check mark will be removed and the default cursor will be Manual. Although there may appear to be separate text blocks, the whole of one text file is actually strung together. That is, anything done to one block will affect the other. Move the bottom handle of the first text block up and down to see how it affects the second text block. Text blocks can be on separate pages. To reload your cursor, click on the plus (+) sign; click in another column to continue to place the text.

Window Shades and Text Flow

Text blocks have regular handles, but they also have window shade handles at the text block's beginning and end.

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Editing and Adding Text

An upper empty window shade handle indicates the beginning of a text block. A plus sign in the lower window shade handle indicates that there is more text to be placed. A plus sign in the upper window shade handle shows that this window is continued from another text block. A lower empty window shade indicates the end of the text block.

Text Flow into Defined Rectangles

Text does not have to flow into a column; it may also flow into an area created by dragging out a selection marquee with the loaded icon. This area is not limited to a column but may be in the center of a page, across more than one column, or narrower than the defined column. This is also called a bounding or text box. To place text into a text box, load your cursor. Press the mouse button and drag a rectangle. When completed, release the mouse button and the text will flow into the box. If all the text does not fit you will need to place the rest of the text or make your text box bigger.

Editing and Adding Text

The Text tool is used to directly enter text into a publication.

Creating a Text Box

Normally, when the text tool is used, a text box is created by PageMaker for that text. This box is the width of the column in which you are typing. If you wish to limit the text box, click and drag a text box prior to typing. When you release the mouse button to start typing the outline disappears, but, PageMaker remembers the size and limits your text to that box.

Editing Text
To make changes in the actual text, you must use the Text tool. Your cursor will change into the Ibeam that you use in word processing applications. It is used in the same way to capture and change text (use selections from the Edit and the Type menus). To select all the text in a text block, click anywhere within that text block and choose Edit, Select all from the menu bar.

Altering Text Blocks and Text

Text blocks may be dragged around and resized, just like graphics. They may be edited in the regular type, cut, and paste method.

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Placing Graphics

Graphics
Placing Graphics
PageMaker accepts various graphics formats with varying degrees of success.

TABLE 7.

Format Paint

Display quality Decent (unless scaled, in which case there will often be display distortion)

Output Quality Laser Printing The laser printer cannot match 72 dpi exactly, so the 72 dpi bitmap will be approximated.

Notes Resize holding down SHIFT to scale proportionally in increments suitable for good output. Best for screen snapshots. Best for technical drawings. Save in EPS for screen display PS and EPS best for graphic art Best for scanned images or high resolution bitmaps.

PICT PS EPS TIFF, GIF, JPEG

Good not displayed Good Good

300 dpi 300 dpi 300 dpi Good (automatic dithering of grayscale images)

The Place command is also used to import graphics into PageMaker. To place graphics, use the File, Place menu option. Find the graphic you wish to insert, then click on Open. The cursor becomes loaded with a graphic and its icon changes to reflect the type of format the graphic is in (see table below).
TABLE 8.

Paint

Draw

TIFF

EPS

Click once to place the graphic. Make sure you have nothing selected on your page or you will replace it with graphic you are trying to insert.

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Toolbox: Graphics

Toolbox: Graphics
The Pointer Tool
The Pointer tool is used to resize, move and select an item. When you click on an item while using the Pointer tool, handles (small squares in the corners and the sides of an item) appear around the item.

Drag on the handles to resize. Drag inside the item itself to move it (be careful not to grab a handle, or you will resize the object). Moving immediately after clicking keeps an item from redrawing (you will see only an outline). Pausing between clicking and moving lets the item redraw. To select more than one item, hold down SHIFT as you click on each item, or drag out a selection marquee. You must use the Selection tool to Copy (-C or CTRL-C for Windows), Paste (-V or CTRL-V for Windows) or Cut (-X or CTRL-X for Windows) an object. When an object is copied and then pasted, the copy will appear down and to the right of the original, if the original can still be seen. If the original cannot be seen (for example, if you moved to another page), then the copy will appear in the middle of the pasteboard. Although text windows may be selected with the Selection tool, in order to select characters within a text block, you must use the Text tool.

The Line and Constrained Line Tools

To draw a line, select the Line tool. Choose Element, Stroke to select different line widths and styles. Hold down the mouse button and drag until you reach the desired length (look at the Ruler Line to see the position of your mouse), then release the mouse button. The line may be moved or resized while the handles are displayed or erased by pressing DELETE. To reactivate the handles select the Pointer tool from the toolbox, position the point on the line and press the mouse button. The Constrained Line tool functions in the same way, but it allows you to draw lines at angles of 45 degrees.

The Rectangle Tool

To draw a rectangle, select the Rectangle tool. Hold down the mouse button and drag until you reach the desired size; release the mouse button. To draw a perfect square, hold down the SHIFT key

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Working with Graphics

before clicking and dragging. A rectangle may be moved or resized while the handles are displayed or erased by pressing DELETE. To reactivate the handles, select the Pointer tool from the toolbox and click on a corner or side of the box. Use the Element, Stroke menu option to select different line widths and styles. Use the Element, Fill menu option to select different fill shades. The style of corners for the box may be modified with the Element, Rounded Corners menu option.

The Ellipse Tool

To draw an ellipse, select the Ellipse tool. Click and drag to the desired size. To draw a perfect circle, hold down the SHIFT key before clicking and dragging. The circle may be moved or resized (press SHIFT to retain the circle shape) while the handles are displayed or erased by pressing DELETE. To reactivate the handles, select the Pointer tool from the toolbox and position the point on the circle and press the mouse button. The handles reappear. Choose the Element, Stroke menu option to select different line widths and styles; choose the Element, Fill option to select different fills.

Working with Graphics

Repositioning
Layering Graphics To change the layering of objects that overlap, first select an object (using the Pointer tool) you wish to move. Select the Element, Arrange, and choose from Bring to front, Bring forward, Send backward or Send to back. Moving Holding down SHIFT before moving an object sideways constrains movement along a horizontal line. Holding down SHIFT before moving an object up or down constrains movement vertically.

Altering Graphics
Resizing Click on a graphic (using the Pointer tool) to make the handles appear. Use the handles to resize a graphic. Hold down SHIFT to size a graphic proportionally. Cropping Graphics Cropping a graphic defines what area you want displayed. In PageMaker, the areas are not really cut, they are hidden. A cropped area still takes up memory, so, if possible, create your graphics the correct size before you place them into PageMaker.

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Finding Lost Items

To crop an image, select the Cropping tool from the Toolbox. Click on the graphic you wish to crop. Handles will appear. Place the cursor over one of the handles and hold down the mouse button. The cursor will turn into a double-headed arrow. Drag the handle in and/or up to crop the graphic. Dragging a handle back out with the cropping tool will uncover the cropped area. To re-frame the graphic inside the new area, click directly on the graphic and hold the mouse button down. The cursor will turn into the Hand tool. Drag the graphic around in its frame.

Create a Frame or Shadowbox

Shadowbox

Draw a rectangle exactly covering the graphic, fill it using Element, Fill. Move the rectangle off center and to the left or right. Select Element, Arrange, Send to Back. Select the front graphic and reposition if necessary. Frames A frame can be composed of an empty or shaded box with a graphic. Simply draw a rectangle slightly larger than the graphic. Select Element, Arrange, Send to Back to send the frame back. Select the front graphic and center it in the frame.

Finding Lost Items

Use Edit, Select All to place handles on all items. This is especially helpful when you have placed graphics over a text item.

Image Control
Image Control is used to alter paint-type and scanned images. Changes can be made to lightness, contrast, and screen pattern. Draw-type and EPS graphics cannot be altered. Use Element, Image, Image control to bring up the Image Control dialog box.

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Image Control

TABLE 9.

Black and white Screened Gray Screen Angle Lines/in Lightness Contrast Apply Reset

The default selection for black and white graphics. Only allows you to switch between positive and negative images. The default selection for gray-scaled graphics. May also be used with black and white images if you want to add a screen to the image. Only available for gray-scaled images on a Macintosh II. Displays 16 levels of gray. Select a screen of dots (default) or of lines. Change the angle of the screen (default = 45 degrees). Adjust the (density) number of lines per inch of the screen (default = 53). Used to lighten or darken the image (scroll or drag). Used to adjust the relationship of light and dark areas. View changes without leaving dialog box. Undo changes.

Special effects icons

Choose from four preset gray levels. The type of graph you get in the dialog box depends on the type of image that you are modifying

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Image Control

The whites in Black and White are transparent; the whites in Screened and in Gray are opaque. Background Graphics

Background graphics also break up heavy copy. Lighten a graphic and place it behind copy. Place your graphic. Select the Element, Image, Image control menu option. Select Screen. Lighten by about two-thirds. Click once on the Lightness up arrow then click and drag the dividing line. (Dragging is easier than using the arrows). Click OK. Place Text.

Text will flow over grayed-out graphic.

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Templates

Templates
PageMaker comes with over 30 predefined publication templates that you can modify. The layouts for documents such as brochures, newsletters, business cards, labels, etc. have already been created on the templates - you simply fill in your information. This is a good place to begin learning the application.

Templates vs. Publications

Publications are finished products or will be when finished. Templates are saved as partially complete documents or frameworks of general layout. When you open a publication, you will be working on that actual file; when you open a template, you will be working on a copy.

Getting Help
The PageMaker program includes a useful help utility that may answer many of your questions while you are working. If you have problems working with PageMaker or any of the hardware, contact the Consulting Center at 713.348.4983, stop by Mudd 103, or send email to problem@rice.edu.

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