yksdra= ij izgkj

ukxfjd vf/kdkjksas dk guu

Hkkjr uhfr fr"Bku

gkSt [kkl] ubZ fnYyh&110016

bl izdk'ku ds fdlh Hkh va'k dk izfrfyfidj.k] ,sls ;a=k esa HkaMkj.k ftlls bls iqu% izkIr
fd;k tk ldrk gks ;k LFkkukUrj.k] fdlh Hkh :i esa ;k fdlh Hkh fof/k ls] bysDVkWfud]
;kaf=kd] QksVks&izfrfyfi] fjdkWfMx ;k fdlh vkSj <ax ls] izdk'kd dh iwoZ vuqefr ds }kjk ugha
fd;k tk ldrkA

izdk'kd

Hkkjr uhfr izfr"Bku

Mh&51] gkSt [kkl
u;h fnYyh&110016 Hkkjr
nwjHkk"k % 011&26524018
QSDl % 011&46089365
bZ&esy % indiapolicy@gmail.com
laLdj.k % izFke] 2011
Hkkjr uhfr izfr"Bku

ewY; % 50 #i;s ek=k

eqnzd
ukxjh fiz.VlZ
uohu 'kkgnjk] fnYyh 110032

vf/kuk;doknh O;oLFkk cuke tu ,dtqVrk

4 twu 2011 dh e/;jkf= esa ,slh dkSu lh foo'krk Fkh ftlus dsanz ljdkj dks fnYyh ds jkeyhyk eSnku esa fugRFks vkSj uhan esa lks,
lR;kxzfg;ksa ij ccZjrkiw.kZ O;ogkj djus ds fy, ck/; dj fn;k Fkk\ckck jkenso ds usr`Ro esa lR;kxzg dk ;g igyk fnu FkkA lR;kxzg
LFky ds ckgj vkSj Hkhrj dksbZ mkstuk ugha FkhA mYVs ljdkj 2 twu ls ckck jkenso ds lkFk ^okrkZ* dj jgh FkhA 99 izfr'kr eqksa ij
^lgefr* dk nkok Hkh ljdkj gh dj jgh FkhA blfy, 4 twu dh e/;jkf= dh ?kVuk O;oLFkk dh laosnughurk] ve;kZnk] vukpkj ds
lkFk&lkFk fo'okl?kkr dk Hkh ,d mnkgj.k cu x;k gSA
lPpkbZ ;g gS fd ljdkj lR;kxzg ls lgeh gqbZ FkhA egaxkbZ] Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj jktuhfrd vukpkj ds lk;s esa th jgs Hkkjrokfl;ksa dk /kS;Z
fdl dnj VwV pqdk gS og vUuk gtkjs dks feys vikj tuleFkZu ls fn[kkbZ iM jgk FkkA ftl ns'k esa U;wure vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ ds
fy, yksx tw> jgs gksa ogka fojks/k dk Loj ugha mBs ;g dSls gks ldrk gS\Hkkjr ds flQZ vkB jkT;ksa esa 26 vhdh ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd
xjhc yksx gSaA ,d rjQ Hkkjr ds bu jkT;ksa esa ;g la[;k 420 yk[k gS rks 26 vhdh ns'kksa esa 410 yk[k xjhch js[kk ls uhps jg jgs gSa rks
nwljh rjQ ns'k es vlekurk dk u;k xzkQ Hkh rS;kj gks jgk gSA
rHkh rks dkys/ku dk pkSadkusokys vkadM+ksa ij tu izfrf;k ,oa lkekftd&lkaLd`frd laxBuksa dh vkanksyukRed lf;rk us 'kkld
oxZ ,oa lkk:<+ ikVhZ nksuksa dks Hk;Hkhr dj j[kk gSA vr% os bl eqs ls ns'k ,oa lekt dk /;ku caVkuk pkgrs gSaA bl e esa ljdkj ns'k esa
lkaiznkf;d ,oa tkrh; /kzqohdj.k dj O;oLFkk fojks/kh tu ,dtqVrk dks lekIr djus ds fy, gj rjg dk iz;kl dj jgh gSA ijarq mls
dke;kch ugha fey jgh gSA Hkz"Vkpkj ,oa dkys/ku dk eqk yksxksa dks vkanksfyr dj jgk gSA lksfu;k xka/kh funsZf'kr ljdkj esfd;kosyh bVyh
ds jktuhfrd fpard ds vukpkjh fl)karksa dk vuqdj.k dj viuk nkeu cpkus esa yxh gSA 2 twu 2011 dks ljdkj ds pkj ea=h ftuesa
ofj"Bre dSfcusV ea=h iz.kc eq[kthZ 'kkfey gSa vizR;kf'kr <ax ls ckck jkenso dh vxqvkbZ djus ,;iksVZ ij tkrs gSaA mudk mns''; tu
yksdiky fo/ks;d dh rjg dkys/ku ds fojks/k ds Loj dks Hkh my>kuk FkkA ij tc blesa lQyrk ugha feyh rc pfj= guu] nq"izpkj vkSj
neu ds }kjk vkanksyu dks nckus dh dksf'k'k dh tk jgh gSA ckck jkenso dks ^egkBx* dgusokyksa dks igys ;g crkuk pkfg, fd dsanz
ljdkj ds pkj ea=h fdlh ^egkBx* dh vxqokuh djus D;ksa x, Fks\
eqk O;fDr ugha] dkyk /ku gSA ljdkj ,oa jktuhfrd izfr"Bku blds fy, fdruh rRijrk fn[kkrk gS ;g iz'u yksxksa ds lkeus gSA tu
1

izfrjks/k ftl xfr ls mB jgk gS mls dksbZ Hkh lkk izfr"Bku jksd ugha ldrk gSA izfrfu/;kRed yksdra= (Representative
Democracy) tc lhekvksa esa ca/kdj dke djrk gS vkSj tukdka{kkvksa] tuHkkoukvksa vkSj tuleL;kvksa ds izfr mnklhurk] mis{kk]
ykpkjh vkSj vkyL; dk izn'kZu djrk gS rks nyh; O;oLFkk ds ckgj tu&/kqzohdj.k gksuk vfr LokHkkfod gSA ,slk gh 1974 esa Hkh gqvk FkkA
rc vkanksyudkfj;ksa us vius tuizfrfuf/k;ksa dks lans'k fn;k Fkk fd rqe ugha jgs tu izfrfuf/k gekjs dqlhZ&xh NksM+ nksA xkSjryc gS fd
yksdra= dk xyk ?kksaVus okys O;oLFkk leFkZdksa us rc bldk izfrokn tura= dh gh nqgkbZ nsdj fd;k Fkk& yksdlHkk@fo/kkulHkk dks
NksM+ks er& tura= dks rksM+ks er*A
bafnjk xka/kh dh ljdkj us ns'k esa nq"izpkj] tkrh; ,oa lkaiznkf;d eqksa dk lgkjk ysdj foi{k ,oa tu vkanksyuksa dks detksj djus dk
iz;kl fd;k FkkA ijarq lc O;FkZ fl) gqvkA psrkouh ds rkSj ij yksduk;d t;izdk'k ukjk;.k us 4 uoacj 1974 dks lekukUrj turk
ljdkj cukus dh ?kks"k.kk dh FkhA lkk:<+ dkaxzsl ikVhZ us muij lafo/kku rksM+us] mkstuk QSykus vkSj dkuwu&O;oLFkk fcxkM+us dk vkjksi
yxk;k FkkA vf[ky Hkkjrh; fo/kkFkhZ ifj"kn ,oa lektoknh ;qotu lHkk dh lf;rk ljdkj dks jkl ugha vkbZA ljdkj us rc Hkh jk"Vh;
Lo;alsod la?k dks lkeus j[kdj ts-ih- ,oa muds lg;ksfx;ksa ij fu'kkuk lk/kk FkkA ijarq ts-ih- us ifjiDork ds lkFk mldh mis{kk dhA
vf/kuk;dokn dh izrhd cuh bafnjk xka/kh us Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds lg;ksx ls iwjs ns'k esa Qklhokn fojks/kh lEesyu vk;ksftr fd;kA
ijarq ljdkj ds lHkh midj.k fu"izHkkoh fl) gq,A
yksdra= esa turk dh loksZPprk dks dksbZ Hkh O;oLFkk pqukSrh ugha ns ldrh gS u gh dksbZ O;oLFkk tu Hkkxhnkjh] tu&igy vkSj tu
vkanksyuksa dks voS/kkfud dg ldrh gSA jktuhfr pqukoh ra= dk i;kZ;okph ugha gSA ;g lekt vkSj jkT; ds lapkyu dh ,d izf;k gSA
vr% gj tkx:d ukxfjd jktuhfrd gSA blds fy, mls fdlh jktuhfrd ny ls izek.k i= dh vko';drk ugha gSA mldk gLr{ksi
uSfrd ,oa oS/kkfud gh ugha visf{kr Hkh gSA ts-ih- vkanksyu bldk mnkgj.k gSA rc tu gLr{ksi us ,d rjQ vf/kuk;dokn dks ijkLr fd;k
Fkk rks nwljh rjQ yksdrkaf=d nyksa dks tukanksyu ds ihNs lg;ksxh cuus ds fy, izsfjr ,oa ck/; fd;k FkkA
Hkkxhnkjh;qDr yksdra= (Participatory Democracy) izfrfu/;kRed yksdra= (Representative Democracy) dh
xq.kokk dks c<+krk gSA blds vk/kkj dks etcwr djrk gS] bls vadq'k esa j[kdj vjktd gksus ls jksdrk gSA ;g jktuhfr ds nk;js dks Hkh
c<+krk gSA u, usr`Ro ,oa dk;ZdrkZvksa dh ubZ Vksyh vkSj jktuhfr ds u, vk;ke dks tUe nsrk gSA 1977 dh ?kVuk bldk ,d mnkgj.k gSA
lkekftd&lkaLd`frd laxBu] funZyh; lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ] Lo;alsoh laxBu] ehfM;kdehZ] fo'ofo|ky; ifjlj ;s lHkh Hkkxhnkjh ;qDr
yksdra= dks etcwr cukrs gSaA vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k dh pqukSfr;ksa ,oa jkT; dh fleVrh Hkwfedk us Hkkxhnkjh ;qDr yksdra= ds izHkko dks vkSj
Hkh izcy cuk fn;k gSA bl cnyko ds ladsr dks 'kkld oxZ vklkuh ls Lohdkj ugha dj ldrk gSA orZeku ljdkj us Participatory
2

Democracy dks vuSfrd] voS/kkfud vkSj vyksdrkaf=d crkdj bls dqpyus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA bfrgkl esa ,d Hkh ,slk mnkgj.k ugha gS
tc vf/kuk;doknh rkdr turkaf=d 'kfDr dks ijkLr dj ikbZ gksA dkys/ku ,oa Hkz"Vkpkj ds fo:} orZeku vkanksyu tu&igy]
ckSf)drk] fo'ks"kKrk] vkSj O;kdqyrk pkjksa dk lfEeJ.k gSA Hkkjr esa tu vkanksyuksa ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckj leL;k ds lkFk&lkFk lek/kku
dks lkeus j[kdj tu&dkjZokbZ dh tk jgh gSA nyh; O;oLFkk esa O;kIr U;wurkvksa ,oa bldh lhekvksa ds dkj.k ,d cM+k oxZ blls ckgj
jgdj turkaf=d igy dj jgk gS rks blesa cqjkbZ D;k gS\ts-ih- us Hkh nyfoghu iztkra= dh ckr dh FkhA laln ;k fo/kkueaMy rd gh
tura= ikap o"kksZa rd fiatjkc) gksdj rksrs dh rjg ijaijkxr 'kSyh esa dke djs] ;g thoar vkSj xfroku lekt dh izd`fr ds vuqdwy ugha
gSA bls jkg fn[kkuk] tu Hkkoukvksa ds vuqdwy djuk Hkkxhnkjh ;qDr yksdra= dk drZO; gSA orZeku O;oLFkk us mu lHkh lkekftd
dk;ZdrkZvksa ,oa lkekftd&lkaLd`frd laxBuksa dks fu'kkuk cukuk 'kq# fd;k gS tks Hkkjr ds u, yksdra= ds lkjFkh gSaA ckck jkenso ds
usr`Ro ds lR;kxzg dks ftl izdkj dqpyk x;k og Hkkjrh; tura= ds fy, v'kqHk ladsr vkSj vf/kuk;doknh dkjZokbZ dk ,d iz;ksx gSA bl
izdkj ds neudkjh O;oLFkk dks ,dtqVrk ls izR;qkj nsuk gh yksdra= dh j{kk djuk gSA
4 twu dh e/;jkf= dh ?kVuk us yksdra= dks fuoZL= djus dk iz;kl fd;kA ;g nLrkost mlh dkyh jkr dk ,d c;ku gS tks
vkikrdky dh ;kn dks u flQZ rktk djrh gS vkSifuosf'kd dky esa tujy Mk;j ds dqd`R;ksa dh ,d >kadh Hkh izLrqr djrk gSA Hkz"Vkpkj
vkSj dkys/ku ds lk;s ls ns'k dks fudkyus dh eqfge yksd'kkgh ds fy, volj vkSj pqukSrh nksuksa gSaA ehfM;k us ftl iz[kjrk ds lkFk ,dtqV
gksdj bl vyksdrkaf=d dkjZokbZ dh fuank dh gS og vius vki esa Hkkjrh; yksdra= dh rkdr dks n'kkZrk gSA Hkkjr uhfr izfr"Bku us dkys
/ku ds eqs ,oa iqfyl iz'kklu rFkk tkap ,tsafl;ksa ds nq:Ik;ksx jksdus ds fy, uhfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k gsrq tutkx:drk gks] bl vis{kk ls bl
nLrkost dks rS;kj fd;k gSA blesa izR;{k&vizR;{k :i ls ftu lekpkji=ksa ls lgk;rk feyh gS muds izfr ge d`rK gSaA bl e esa Jh
fo'kky frokjh] t;jke] vejs'k] uouhr] f'ko ,oa yfyr dk lg;ksx Hkh mYys[kuh; jgk gSaA
21 twu] 2011
izks- jkds'k flUgk
ekun funs'kd
Hkkjr uhfr izfr"Bku

tu&igy] tulf;rk vkSj tu Hkkxhnkjh

ns'k esa O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj dkys/ku dks ysdj vkoke dk vkks'k
loZ= fn[kkbZ iM+ jgk gSA iqjh O;oLFkk vukpkj vkSj ywV&[klksV esa
fdl dnj fyIr gS ;g ,d yk[k 76 gtkj djksM+ ds 2th ?kksVkyk o
jk"VeaMy [ksyksa esa O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj ls tkfgj gksrk gSA bl chp ns'k
fons'k dh ,tsafl;ksa }kjk tkjh Hkkjr esa dkys/ku dk pkSadkusokys
vkadM+ksa us gks'k mM+k fn,A tu yksdiky fo/ks;d dk nLrkost
tu&igy] tu&Hkkxhnkjh vkSj tu&vlarks"k ds izrhd ds :i esa
lkeus vk;kA
4 vizSy 2011 dks vUuk gtkjs tu yksdiky fo/ks;d ds leFkZu
esa tarj&earj ij vu'ku ij cSBsA blds leFkZu esa yksxksa dk gqtwe
meM+us
yxkA
jktuhfrd 'kqfprk ds fy, Lor%LQwrZ mRlkg us ljdkj dks pkSadk;kA pkj
fnuksa ds Hkhrj gh dsanz ljdkj us mudh ekaxsa ^eku* yhA ijarq ;g lc Nykok
fl) gqvkA tu vkks'k dks 'kkar djus dh ;g ,d uje j.kuhfr FkhA dkys /ku
,oa Hkz"Vkpkj dk eqk ns'k dks >d>ksj jgk gSA ftls ckck jkenso us lkekftd
dk;ZdrkZvksa ds lg;ksx ls laxfBr :i iznku djus dk dke fd;kA dkys/ku
vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj ds f[kykQ vkks'k dks O;Dr djus ,oa Bksl uhfr fuekZ.k ds fy,
oS/kkfud] jktuhfrd ,oa jktuf;d igy gsrq ckck jkenso ds usr`Ro esa
nyfoghu vkanksyu dk nwljk nkSj 4 twu ds lR;xzg ls 'kq: gqvkA
4

;g vpkud ugha gqvkA dkys/ku dks mtkxj djus ,oa tu psruk

iSnk djus esa ehfM;k us lkFkZd Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA 30 tuojh 2011 dks
jkeyhyk eSnku esa vk;ksftr ,d fo'kky tulHkk esa dkys/ku dks ysdj
ljdkj ls rRijrk fn[kkus] igy djus] tuHkkoukvksa ds vuqdwy dne
mBkus dk vkxzg gqvkA ij tks jktuhfrd O;oLFkk [kqn Hkz"Vkpkj ls
iksf"kr gks og Hkz"Vkpkj ds fo:) dSls dne mBk ldrh gS? ljdkj
}kjk Hkz"Vkpkj ls yM+us dk ukVd gksrk jgkA NksVh eNfy;ksa dks
idM+dj ljdkj turk dh vka[kksa esa /kwy >ksadrh jghA ijarq blls tu
eqfge ij QdZ ugha iM+kA ckck jkenso dks vkeyksxksa dk leFkZu feyrs
ns[k lkk izfr"Bku esa gM+dai ep x;kA ts-ih- vkanksyu dh iqujko`fk
ls Hk;xzLr ljdkj us 2 twu dks lR;kxzg ds fy, fnYyh vk jgs ckck

dh vxqokuh ds fy, iz.kc eq[kthZ ds usr`Ro esa pkj eaf=;ksa dk

ny gokbZ vM~Ms ij HkstkA ijarq ;g lc vkanksyu dks detksj
djus dh O;wg jpuk FkhA bldk iz;ksx eueksgu ljdkj vUuk
gtkjs ds lkFk dj pqdh FkhA ijarq ckck ds lkFk nky ugha xyhA
m/kj dkaxzsl ds eq[ki= *lans'k* us bl ljdkjh igy dks
vuqfpr crk;k vkSj bldh vkykspuk dhA vxys fnu fnYyh
esa ckck jkenso ds lkFk dfiy flCcy vkSj lqcks/kdkar lgk; dh
ckrphr gqbZA ckrphr ds ckn nksuksa i{kksa us dgk fd 99 izfr'kr
eqksa ij lgefr cu pqdh gS vkSj tYn gh ckck dh ekaxksa dks
ysdj ljdkj lfefr dk xBu djsxhA

dkys/ku dh dkfy[k
Global financial integrity dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj

ukS lky esa 47 lkS 25 vjc dkys/ku dh voS/k fudklh ns'k ds ckgjA

lky 2000 ls 2008 ds chp djhc 104 vjc MkWyj ;kuh 47 lkS 25 vjc ckgj x;k gSA tks 2010&11
dh f'k{kk ctV dh rqyuk esa djhc nl xq.kk gSA

9 lky esa voS| /ku fudklh ds ekeys esa Hkkjr dk ,f'k;k esa ikapoka LFkku gSA

According to data provided by the Swiss Bank India has more black
money than rest of the world combined!

India topping the list almost $ 1500 billion black money in

Swiss Bank.

The total black money accounts for 40% of GDP of India.

India : Composition of Underground Economy 50% of GDP

(as of 2008, US Dollars)

According to another report of GFI on illicit financial flows (illegal

capital flight)

From 1948 through 2008 India lost of total of $ 213 billion.

The present value of India's total IFFs is at least $ 462 billion.

Total Capital flight represents approximately 16.6 percent of

India's GDP as of year-end 2008; (51)
Official website of Global Financial Intergrity

Financial Flows from India: "1948-2008" Table 8, pp67)

Clearly, the fact of corruption is undeniable

Cumulative Illicit Finacial Flows and Percent of GDP : 1948-2008

Illicit financial flows out of India grew at a rate of 11.5

percent per year while in real terms they grew by 6.4
percent per year; (51)
India lost $ 16 billion per year from 2002-2006. (1)

Hkkjr ds cSadksa esa Hkh gS tek ykokfjl /ku

Dqy fcuk nkos dh jkf'k
Hkkjr fLFkr fons'kh cSadksa esa
ns'k ds nwljs futh cSadksa es

%
%
%

13 vjc] 60 djksM+] 31 yk[k] 59 gtkj] 646-89 #i;s

47]31]67]698 #i;s
15]03]23]106 #i;s

ckdh ds ifCyd lsDVj ds cSadksa esa

LVsV cSad vkWQ bafM;k
LVsV cSad vkWQ chdkusj ,aM t;iqj
LVsV cSad vkWQ gSnjkckn
LVsV cSad vkWQ bankSj
LVsV cSad vkWQ eSlwj
LVsV cSad vkWQ ifV;kyk
,pMh,Qlh cSad
vkbZlhvkbZlhvkbZ cSad

%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%

10]47]223 [kkrksa esa 88]15]84]887 #i;s

75]261 [kkrksa esa 14]43]61]403 #i;s
86]311 [kkrksa esa 8]59]66]644 #i;s
40]114 [kkrksa esa 8]85]83]351 #i;s
1]22]628] [kkrksa esa 30]03]40]111 #i;s
532 [kkrksa esa 35]13]378 #i;s
2500 [kkrksa esa 1]89]94]831 #i;s
90]094 [kkrksa esa 28]19]25]887 #i;s

;g fLFkfr 31 fnlacj] 2009 dh gS vkSj bl /ku ij 10 lkyksa ls fdlh us nkok ugha fd;k gSA
L=ksr% o"kZ 2011 ds 'kq# esa vkjVhvkbZ dk;ZdrkZ lqHkk"k panz vxzoky dh vthZ dk Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad }kjk fn;k x;k tokc

lR;kxzfg;ksa dh ekaxsa
1234567891011-

v/;kns'k ds tfj, dkys/ku dks jk"Vh; laifk ?kksf"kr fd;k tk,A

djksM+ifr Hkz"Vkpkj ds exjePNksa dks e`R;qnaM ;k mezdSn
,d lky esa lquokbZ iqjh djus dk dkuwu
Hkkjrh;ksa ds fons'kh [kkrksa dk [kqyklk
;w,l, duosa'ku ij gLrk{kj
ikap lkS o ,d gtkj uksVksa dks can djuk
yksdiky fo/ks;d dks ikfjr djkuk
Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k ds vf/kfu;e 1948 dks j fd;k tk,A
tsusVsDyh eksfMQkbM [kk| inkFkksZa ij jksdA
f'k{kk dk ek/;e jk"VHkk"kk o ekr`Hkk"kk gksA
pquko ds fy, ljdkjh QaM ,oa vfuok;Z ernku

bu ekaxksa esa fons'kh cSadksa esa tek dkys/ku dks Hkkjr esa ykus ds fy,
jktuhfrd] oS/kkfud vkSj jktuf;d izf;k 'kq# djus dh ekax
lcls vge gSA

Hkze] nq"izpkj] pfj= guu ds gFkdaMs

izsl okrkZ esa lqcks/kdkUr lgk; vkSj dfiy flCcy

4 twu dh lqcg rd jkeyhyk eSnku esa Hkz"Vkpkj ds fo:) lR;kxzfg;ksa dh la[;k gtkjksa esa igqap pqdh vkSj
lR;kxzg 'kq# gks x;kA lk;a ikap cts rd lkQ gks x;k fd ljdkj ds reke vk'oklu VkyeVksy djus dh ,d
pky FkhA fQj ljdkj ,oa lkk:<+ ikVhZ us ^uje* :[k R;kx dj vkked :[k vf[r;kj fd;kA ckck jkenso
dh ekaxksa ds ctk; muds O;fDrRo ij vksNs ntsZ dh cgl djus yxhA ,slk vksNkiu ts-ih- vkanksyu ds nkSjku Hkh
ns[kk x;k FkkA dkys/ku dk eqk ljdkj ds fy, fctyh djaV tSlk gks x;kA ljdkj vkanksyu dk ^neu djks ;k
ejks* ds fl)kar ij vius cpko esa yx xbZA vkjksi&izR;kjksi ds chp lR;kxzg dk igyk fnu la;fer Hkk"k.k ds
lkFk xqtjkA fdlh dks rfud Hkh vk'kadk ugha Fkh vkSj u gh fdlh us laHkkouk O;Dr dh fd ljdkj ccZjrkiwoZd
rjhds mlh jkr lR;kxzg dks dqpysxhA
9

dkuwu vkSj O;oLFkk ds fy, cuh

iqfyl cy dk nq:Ik;ksx
jkeyhyk eSnku esa Ik;kZIr la[;k esa izf'kf{kr iqfyl
cy rSukr FkkA yksxkas us bl rSukrh dks egt dkuwu
O;oLFkk ,oa lqj{kk ds n`f"V ls ns[kk FkkA iqfyl ,oa
tkap ,tsafl;ka yksdrkaf=d ns'k esa vke yksxksa ds izfr
izfrc) gksrh gSaA vkSifuosf'kd 'kklu ;k
vf/kuk;doknh ljdkj bu ,tsafl;ksa dks vius
jktuhfrd fgrksa ds fy, nq:Ik;ksx djrh gSaA vr%
iz'u mBrk gS% tkap ,tsafl;ksa vkSj iqfyl cy dh
izfrc)rk lkk:<+ ikVhZ ds izfr gks ;k Hkkjr ds
lafo/kku ds izfr ?
jkeyhyk eSnku ds ckgj iqfyl dh rS;kjh

jkeyhyk eSnku esa e/; jkf= esa vfHk;ku pykus dk QSlyk jktuSfrd FkkA ;g ckr jfookj dks
fnYyh iqfyl ds ,d 'kh"kZ vf/kdkjh us dghA xkSjryc gS fd jkeyhyk eSnku esa gh ckck jkenso
vkej.k vu'ku ij cSBs FksA ;g vfHk;ku rM+ds ,d cts ds ckn 'kq: gqvk vkSj dqN ?kaVksa ds Hkhrj
gh [kRe gks x;kA iqfyl vf/kdkjh us dgk fd ;g jktuSfrd QSlyk FkkA vU;Fkk ge vfHk;ku
ugha pykrs*A
fgUnqLrku] 5 twu 2011
* 5 twu dh lqcg nl cts fnYyh iqfyl dk c;ku

10

jk"VHkfDr xhrksa dh /kqu ij >wers lR;kxzgh

Qklhoknh geyk
nwj njkt ls vk, gtkjksa vu'kudkjh jkr dks jkeyhyk
eSnku ds iaMky esa lks x,A e/;jkf= ds i'pkr tc iwjk
ns'k fuf'parrk ls lks jgk Fkk] neudkjh ljdkj tkx jgh
FkhA jk{klho`fk dk ,slk izn'kZu Lora= Hkkjr esa dHkh Hkh
ugha ns[kk x;kA iqfyl jktuhfrd fu.kZ; ds vk/kkj ij
og lc dj jgh Fkh] tks fdlh Hkh yksdrkaf=d ,oa lH;
lekt ds fy, dyad gSA

neu ls vutku jkf= foJke djrs lR;kxzgh

QksVks% izsV

jkr ds va/ksjs esa tc jkeyhyk eSnku esa Hkz"Vkpkj ds f[kykQ vu'ku dj jgs ;ksx xq# ckck jkenso ds leFkZu esa 50 gtkj ls
vf/kd yksx Hkw[ks lks jgs Fks rks fnYyh iqfyl ds gtkjksa tokuksa us muij geyk cksy fn;k] vkalw xSl ds xksys nkxs x,] eap rksM+
fn;k x;k] vkx yxk nh xbZ] lks jgs yksxksa dks ?klhVk x;k] efgykvksa ls nqO;Zogkj fd;k x;k] cPpksa rd dks ugha cD'kk x;kA
ns'k ds dksus&dksus ls vk, yksxksa ij <k, x, ccZj tqYe us vikrdky dh ;kn rktk dj nhA
iatkc dsljh] 6 twu] 2011] fo'ks"k laikndh;] vf'ouh dqekj

11

lkk dk "kM~;a=
lR;kxzfg;ksa dks psrkouh ugha nh xbZA mUgsa iaMky NksM+us dk volj
ugha fn;k x;kA lh/ks ykBh xksyh dh Hkk"kk esa ckr dh xbZA

QksVks% ubZ nqfu;k] jktu pansy@gjh'k dqekj

iqfyl us tks gM+dai epk;k mlls HkxnM+ ep ldrh Fkh vkSj ml

HkxnM+ esa fdruh tkus tkrh bldh dYiuk rd ugha dh tk ldrhA
ijarq lR;kxzfg;ksa ds la;e ,oa vuq'kklu us bl ?kVuk dks jksd fy;kA

Ikqfyl dh dkjZokbZ iwjh rjg ls vekuoh; vkSj wj gSA blls lkQ irk yxrk gS fd ljdkj dks vfgald vkanksyu dh
le> gh ugha gS vkSj og Hkz"Vkpkj ds izfr Hkh xaHkhj ugha gSA
es/kk ikVsdj] lkekftd dk;Zdrk

12

ccZjrk dk izn'kZu
dksbZ ljdkj vius deksZa ls fdl rjg [kqn dks dyafdr dj ldrh gS] bldk fud`"V mnkgj.k gS dsanzh; lkkA pkj twu dh jkr dsanzh; lkk
dh ukd ds uhps jkeyhyk eSnku esa ckck jkenso ds leFkZdksa dks ;gka rd fd efgykvksa] cPpksa vkSj cqtwxksZa ds lkFk tks gqvk mls ccZjrk ds
vfrfjDr vkSj dqN ugha dgk tk ldrkA dsanz ljdkj us fugRFks yksxksa ds lkFk i'kqor O;ogkj dj [kqn dks 'keZlkj djus ds lkFk gh ns'k dks
;g volj fn;k gS fd og mldh fuank vkSj HkRlZuk djus ds fy, vkxs vk,A jkeyhyk eSnku esa lksrs gq, yksxksa ij iqfyfl;k dkjZokbZ
vikrdky dh ;kn fnykus ds lkFk gh <qyewy vkSj fnu&izfrfnu vke turk dk fo'okl [kksrh tk jgh eueksgu flag ljdkj ds vgadkj
dks Hkh js[kkafdr djrh gSA nSfud tkxj.k] 6 twu] 2011

Pkkj ?kaVs rd iqfyfl;k vkrad pyrk jgkA yksx lnesa esa

FksA iqfyl dh MaMs ls lR;kxzfg;ksa dh uhan [kqyhA vkalw
xSl ds xksys nkxs x,A os le> ugha ik jgs Fks fd ns'k ds
laln ds ukd ds uhps ;g lc D;ksa gks jgk gSA iqfyl ds
fu'kkus ij ,d&,d lR;kxzgh FkkA ljdkj dk ;g lh/kk
vkns'k Fkk fd bUgsa ekjks HkxkvksA iqfyl csfQ dke dj
jgh FkhA Lora= Hkkjr dh ljdkj dk vkSifuosf'kd 'kklu
tSlk O;ogkj FkkA
lkHkkj : PTI

;g ukxfjd ds ewyHkwr vf/kdkj vkSj ekuokf/kdkjksa dk guu gSA bejtsalh dh dM+oh ;knsa ,d ckj fQj rktk gks xbZA lksrs
gq, yksxksa ij ykBh cjlkuk ccZjrk gSA
iwoZ U;k;ewfrZ larks"k gsxM+s
13

dq'kklu dk dyad
,d yk[k eklwe yksxksa dks jkeyhyk eSnku esa vk/kh jkr dks ykfB;ksa vkSj vkalw xSl
NksM+dj Hkxkus dh ccZj dkjZokbZ eueksgu flag ljdkj }kjk dh xbZA ;s yksx fnuHkj
vu'ku ij FksA dM+h lwj{kk O;oLFkk ds dkj.k bl HkhM+ esa dksbZ O;fDr gfFk;kj ;k
ykBh rd ugha ys tk ldrk FkkA gtkjksa fugRFkksa vlgk; yksxksa ij ,sls iqfyl
dkjZokbZ vk/kqfud Hkkjr ds 64 o"kksZa ds bfrgkl esa dHkh ugha gqbZ vkSj dHkh gksuh Hkh
ugha pkfg,A vkyksd esgrk] fo'ks"k laikndh;] ubZ nqfu;k] 6 twu] 2011

tkfy;kokyk ckx dk n`';

1919 esa tujy Mk;j us blh izdkj jkSysV ,DV dk fojks/k djus
vk, yksxksa ij xksfy;ka nkxh FkhA 'kkafriw.kZ fojks/k izdV djus
dk vf/kdkj vkSifuosf'kd ;k vf/kuk;doknh ljdkj gh Nhurh
gSA rc dkys dkuwu dk fojks/k djus yksx ,d= gq, Fks vc
dkys/ku ds fo:) yksx ,d= gq, FksA
jkeyhyk eSnku dk n`';

ckck jkenso ds vfHk;ku ds f[kykQ gqbZ dkjZokbZ *uXu Qkalhokn*A ckck jkenso dks u flQZ fxjrkj fd;k x;k cfYd
efgykvksa vkSj cPpksa dks ihVk x;kA ;g eq>s tfy;kokyk ckx dkaM dh ;kn fnykrk gSA /kkuea=h vkSj dkaxzsl v/;{k dks
jkenso vkSj ns'k dh turk ls ekQh ekaxuh pkfg,A
yky".k vkMok.kh] iwoZ mi iz/kkuea=h
14

fouk'k dkys foijhr cqf)

fnYyh iqfyl us 'kfuokj dks vk/kh jkr ds ckn tSlk lqywd fd;k og ccZj rks gS gh] mlls rkuk'kkgh dh cw
Hkh vkrh gSA nwj&njkt ls vk, yksxksa efgykvksa vkSj cPpksa ij ykfB;ka pykus okyh ljdkj us ckn esa tgka
viuh vekuoh;rk dks tk;t Bgjk;k] ogha fnYyh iqfyl us rdZ x<+k fd ckck dh tku dks [krjk FkkA
Hkz"Vkpkj [kqykls ugha cfYd mlds f[kykQ mBh vkokt ljdkj dks ijs'kku djrh gSA
vej mtkyk

iqfyl vkrad dk f'kdkj nw/k ihus okys eklwe

cPps] meznjkt cqtqxZ vkSj efgyk,a Hkh gqbZA
laHkor% yksdra= esa vkLFkk us mUgsa fuHkhZd cukdj
[khap yk;k FkkA mUgksaus lius esa Hkh ugha lksapk Fkk
fd mUgha ds oksVksa ls pquh ljdkj Mkdqvksa dh rjg
jkr ds va/ksjs esa dk;jrk dk fe'kky is'k djsxhA

lkHkkj % ubZ nqfu;k

orZeku fLFkfr ds fy, ljdkj vdsyh ftEesnkj gSA pkgs vUuk gtkjs dk vkanksyu gks ;k fQj jkenso dk vu'ku]
ljdkj us yksdra= dh rkdr dks de djds vkadk gSA
& Mh jktk] Hkkdik ds jk"Vh; lfpo
15

xkscsYl dk nq"izpkj
;g csgn vQlksl dh ckr gS fd dkaxzsl ds usrk vkSj ea=h bl dkjZokbZ dks tk;t Bgjkus dhs dksf'k'k dj jgs gSaA blls irk pyrk gS fd
yksxksa ds yksdrkaf=d vf/kdkjksa dk os fdruk lEeku djrs gSaA ysfdu iqfyl dkjZokbZ ds ckn dkaxzsl ckck jkenso dks Bx crkus esa tqV
xbZA ;g le> ls ijs gS fd ,sls O;fDr ds fy, ljdkj us igys iyd ikaoM+s D;ksa fcNk, vkSj muds Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj dkyk /ku tSls vR;ar
vge eqksa ij ckrphr D;ksa djrh jgh\
tulkk] 8 twu] 2011] laikndh;

fugRFks vlgk; yksxksa ij iqfyl MaMs cjlk jgh FkhA cqtwxZ

cPps vkSj efgykvksa dks viokn ugha ekukA funZ;rk dk uXu
ukp dsanzh; eaf=eaMy ns[k jgk FkkA os ,d nwljs dks 'kkck'kh
ns jgs gksaxsA
teZuh ds ukth ikVhZ ds ikl ,d xkscsYl Fkk tks ekurk Fkk
fd ,d >wB dks lkS ckj cksyus ls lp gks tkrk gSA bl
ljdkj vkSj dkaxzsl ds ikl xkscsYl ds f'k";ksa dh deh ugha
gSaA

lkHkkj : AFP

jkeyhyk eSnku esa ckck ds leFkZdksa ij dh xbZ dkjZokbZ ds ckn ,slk yxrk gS fd ljdkj ekufld larqyu [kks cSBh gS
vkSj bldk ifj.kke ljdkj dks Hkqxruk iM+sxkA tks yksx mUgsa Bx crk jgs gSa osg igys vius fxjscku esa >kadsA
dkaxzsl ls cM+k Bx dksbZ ugha gSA
eqyk;e flag ;kno] v/;{k] lektoknh ikVhZ
16

lkk dh fueZerk
lkHkkj % fgUnqLrku

bl funZ;rk us gfj;k.kk ls vkbZ 51 o"khZ; Jherh jktckyk dks

bruk vk?kkr fd;k fd og ekSr ls tw> jgh gSA D;k dksbZ lH;
lekt bl tqeZ dks Hkwy ldrk gS\jktckyk ds bl gkykr ds
fy, dkSu ftEesnkj gS\ D;k lR;kxzg djuk mldk vkijkf/kd
tqeZ
Fkk\dkSu nsxk bldk mkj\ ts-ih- vkanksyu ds nkSjku blh
rjg vkanksyudkfj;ksa dks csjgeh ls ihVk tkrk FkkA
vkanksyudkfj;ksa dk ukjk Fkk & pkgs tSlk geyk gksxk&gkFk
gekjk ugha mBsxkA blh vfgald izfrjks/k ls i'kqor ljdkj
iqfyfl;k funZ;rk dh f'kdkj jktckyk
?kcjkrh gSA blh us lkezkT;okn dks Hkkjr ls ckgj Qsadk FkkA jktckyk Hkh blh vfgald izfrjks/k esa t[eh gSA
;g lR;kxzg ds izfr vkLFkk dh fe'kky gSA
gekjk vkxzg gS fd lqizhe dksVZ bl eqs ij fo'ks"k laKku ys vkSj funsZ'k ns fd jk"Vh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx] jk"Vh;
vuqlwfpr tkfr&tutkfr vk;ksx ?kVuke dh Lora= ,oa vyx ls tkap djsaA nksf"k;ksa dks dM+h ltk feyuh pkfg,A
ek;korh] eq[;ea=h] mkj izns'k

17

y kn
k
d
;
r
k
h
i ky
k
v d
dh

vkikrdky dh dkyh ;kn

'kfuokj jkr dks ekStwnk ljdkj us tks dqN fd;k og yksdra= dh gR;k gSA gj
nwljs fnu dksbZ ftEesnkj ea=h ;k vf/kdkjh fdlh u fdlh ?kksVkys esa Qal jgs gSa
ysfdu nksf"k;ksa dks ltk nsus ds ctk; mlij yhikiksrh dh ukikd dksf'k'k gks
jgh gSA ljdkj us rkuk'kkgh joS;k viuk fy;k gS vkSj ns'k dks ^cukuk
fjifCyd* cukuk pkgrh gSA
'kkafr Hkw"k.k] vej mtkyk] 6 twu] 2011

ns'k esa vkt lSadMksa ,slsa yksx jktuhfr] ehfM;k ,oa

lkoZtfud thou esa gSa ftUgksaus vkikrdky esa ljdkj
dk izfrjks/k fd;k Fkk] tqYe lgk Fkk] os lHkh ljdkjh
dh dkjZokbZ ls grizHk FksA ;g vkReykspu dk le; gS
fd ,d detksj ,oa Hkz"V ljdkj bruh
vf/kuk;doknh rjhds ls dSls neudkjh gks xbZ\
ljdkj viuk larqyu [kks pqdh gSA dsanz us ckck ls ckrphr ds fy, pkj eaf=;ksa dks Hkstk] ysfdu nwljh
rjQ ikap gtkj iqfyldfeZ;ksa dks Hkstdj funksZ"k yksxksa dks ekjk&ihVk x;kA
lq"kek Lojkt] usrk izfri{k

18

"kM;a=
The midnight police swoop on yoga exponent and telestar 'Baba' Ramdev and his supporters was arbitrary, brutal, and antidemocratic. Apeaceful assembly had suddenly been set upon and tens of innocent people injured for no fault of their own.
The Hindu, June 6. 2011

74 esa Nk= vkanksyu 'kq# gqvk FkkA yksduk;d t;izdk'k ukjk;.k dk usr`Ro FkkA ljdkjh neu Nk=ksa vkSj
ukStokuksa ij gqvkA 4 uoacj 1974 dks ts-ih- ij lqfu;ksftr iqfyfl;k geyk gqvkA ts-ih- dks ekjus dk ;g
lqfu;ksftr "kM~;a= FkkA vxj tula?k ds usrk LoxhZ;
ukukth ns'keq[k rc ugh gksrs rks ts-ih- ij ;g geyk
izk.k?kkrh fl) gksrkA ukukth us Lo;a dks vkxs dj tsih- dh tku dks cpk fy;kA

This is not done in a democracy. People had gathered there on their own to support a social cause. The agitation was
non-political and it did not target any party or individuals. The government should not have humiliated the yoga
Guru and beaten up women and children. Many said the incident was reminiscent of Jallianwala Bagh and the
Emergency."
Dr. Mohan Bhagwat, Sarsnanghachalak, RSS

19

larksa] lU;kfl;ksa dk izxfr'khy dne

lkHkkj % ubZ nqfu;k

lk/kq lU;kfl;ksa ds eu esa Hkh vupkgh jktuhfr ds izfr vkks'k gSA larksa ,oa lU;kfl;ksa dk
lekftd&jktuhfrd lq/kkj gsrq izxfr'khy mi;ksx dk ledkyhu Hkkjr esa ,d mnkgj.k gSA os lkk esa u
Hkkxhnkjh ekax jgs Fks] u O;oLFkk myVus dh ckr dj jgs Fks vkSj u gh fdlh fonzksg dk usr`RoA flQZ ,d dkuwu
dh ekax dj jgs Fks % dkys/ku dks jk"Vh; laifk ?kksf"kr dh tk,A os tupsruk ds lkFkZd ek/;e cu jgs gSaA
lk/kq&lU;kfl;ksa dk viuk ,d xSj jktuhfrd nk;jk gS ijarq ns'k&lekt ds jktuhfrd thou esa vusd volj
vkrs gSa tc larksa&lU;kfl;ksa dk izxfr'khy mi;ksx lkekftd&vkfFkZd lajpuk cnyus esa gksrk gSA ySfVu
vesfjdk esa U;w ihiqYl ppZ us ,slh gh tu&tkx`fr dh FkhA

20

dkaxzsl us tks dke 4 uoacj 1974 dks ts-ih- ds lkFk

fd;k mlh dh iqujko`fr 4 twu 2011 dks dh xbZA ckck
jkenso dh [kkst ,sls dh tk jgh Fkh tSls 26@11 dk
vkradoknh dlkc ml HkhM+ esa fNik gqvk gksA
lR;kxzgh efgykvksa us prqjrk ls ckck jkenso dh tku
dh j{kk dhA ckck dks Nn~eos'k esa iqfyl ccZjrk ls
cpk;k x;kA
esjs ij Hkh geys dh dksf'k'k dh xbZ vkSj ;g eq>s ejokus dh lkft'k FkhA
&Lokeh jkenso

21

funksZ"k] vfgald ,oa vk/;kfRed o`fk ds lk/kq lU;kfl;ksa dks Hkh ugha NksM+k x;kA Hkkjrh; ijaijk dk bruk cM+k
migkl [kkstus ij Hkh bfrgkl esa ugha feyrk gSA mUgsa ccZj rjhds ls ihVk x;kA ;g ,d vlk/kkj.k ?kVuk gSA
ckck jkenso flQZ lR;kxzgh gh ugha Fks os Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ;ksx ,oa vk;qosZn dks ysdj ;wjksi esa yksdfiz; gks jgs
FksA vr% mudh gSfl;r dks de djus ,oa mUgsa viekfur djus ls fdldks 'kkafr feyh\ ^dkSu jkse ds uhjks* dh
rjg can fdys esa Ba<+h lkal ys jgk Fkk\;g flQZ 'kkjhfjd fgalk gh ugha] lkadsfrd :Ik ls lk/kq ijaijk dk
migkl Hkh FkkA fdls blesa g"kksZYykl gks jgk Fkk\

vLirky eas lR;kxzgh

dkjZokbZ ds nkSjku ?kk;y lR;kxzgh

n;k dh Hkh[k ekaxrs cqtqxZ

chrh jkr jkenso ds 'kkafriw.kZ /kj.kk ij dh xbZ dkjZokbZ pkSadkus okyh vkSj dBksj FkhA dsanz
ljdkj us vyksdrkaf=d O;ogkj fd;kA
&uohu iVuk;d] lh,e mMhlk

22

Hkkjr esa lR;kxzg vkSj vu'ku dk bfrgkl iqjkuk gSA lkezkT;okn dks egkRek xka/kh us vius lR;kxzg ,oa
mioklksa ls fgykdj j[k fn;k FkkA ts-ih- vkanksyu us bafnjk xka/kh ds vf/kuk;dokn dks [kqyh pqukSrh nh FkhA
vkikrdky ds neu Hkh yksxksa dks ugha rksM+ ikbZA gtkjksa yksx tsy x,A buesa Ldwyh cPps] cw<+s vkSj efgyk,a Hkh
FkhaA vusd izdkj dh ;kruk,a nh xbZaA ijarq Hkwfexr vkanksyu ls ljdkj =Lr FkhA tkWtZ QukZaMhl] ukukth
ns'keq[k] lqcz.;e Lokeh tSls yksx iwjs ljdkjh izfr"Bku ds fy, ljnnZ cus jgsA

vkikrdky ds f'kdkj tkWtZ QukZaMhl

jkeyhyk eSnku dh ?kVuk iwjh rjg ccZjrk vkSj vR;kpkj gSA Lokeh jkenso th vu'ku ij cSBs Fks vkSj
mUgsa rFkk vu'kudkfj;ksa dks vk/kh jkr ftl izdkj ls gVk;k x;k] og yksdrkaf=d vf/kdkjksa dks dqpyus
ds leku gSA vkt 5 twu gS vkSj vkt gh ds fnu t;izdk'k ukjk;.k us 1974 eas laiw.kZ kafr dk vkg~oku
fd;k FkkA yxrk gS ljdkj ds eu esa fQj ls yksdra= dks dqpyus dh bPNk iSnk gks xbZ gSA
uhrh'k dqekj] eq[;ea=h] fcgkj

23

iz/kkuea=h eueksgu flag dh lkgl dh nkn nsuh pkfg,A os Q ls dgrs gSa fd bl neu vkSj ccZjrk dk fodYi
ugha FkkA D;k os lR;kxzgh laln ij geyk djus okys Fks? D;k jktckyk gfFk;kjcan gksdj Hkkjrh; tura= dks
dSn djus ds fy, izfrc) Fkh\

jkeyhyk esa jko.kyhyk ds ckn

;g iwjh rjg ls vyksdrkaf=d vkSj vuSfrd dkjZokbZ gSA blds fy, ljdkj
dks rRdky ns'kokfl;ksa ls ekQh ekaxuk pkfg,A lkQ gS fd tks yksx ns'kfgr
dh ckr dj jgs gSa] ljdkj mUgsa nck jgh gSA
& panzckcw uk;Mw] izeq[k rsyxq ns'ke ikVhZ
---dqN lqcwr rks ugha NwVs!

24

dkaxzsl ds usrk ,oa ljdkj ds ea=h cntqckuh ls yksdra= dks 'keZlkj dj jgs gSaA
fdruk gkL;kLin gS fd ljdkj ,oa ikVhZ vkSj xBca/ku dh eqf[k;k Jherh
lksfu;k xka/kh dgrh gSa fd mUgsa bl ?kVuk dh tkudkjh ugha FkhA jktckyk dh
djkg D;k mu rd ugha igqaph\ tks O;oLFkk ifjokjokn esa fleV xbZ gks og
fujadq'k ,oa laosnughu gks tkrh gSA D;k neu ds pO;wg esa ukxfjd lekt
LoPNan gksdj vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk dk vglkl dj ldrk gS\dksbZ
fopkj'khy O;fDr ;k Fkhad VSad uhfr fuekZ.k dh igy vkRefo'okl ds lkFk dj
ldrk gS? tura= flQZ lajpuk esa ugha O;ogkj esa Hkh gksrk gSA D;k ge tura=
ds lksiku esa vkxs c<+s gSa ;k uhps fxjs gSa\ D;k dkys /ku ij vkifk vkSj lR;kxzg
vkijkf/kd dk;Z gS\ bu iz'uksa dk mkj gj Hkkjrh; dks <qa<uk iM+sxkA

lej 'ks"k gS] ugha iki dk Hkkxh dsoy O;k/k

tks rVLFk gSa] le; fy[ksxk muds Hkh vijk/kA
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25