In computing, a processor is the unit that reads and executes program instructions, which are fixed-length (typically 32 or 64 bit)

or variable-length chunks of data.  Processors are originally developed with only one core.  The core is the part of the processor that actually performs the reading and executing of instructions.
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Single core processors can be processed only one instruction at a time.

What Is Dual-Core Processor? A Dual-core processor is composed of two independent cores. Intel Pentium Dual-Core processors, E2140, E2160, E2180, E2200, and E2220 use the Allendale core, which includes 2MB of native L2 cache, with half disabled leaving only 1MB.
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Dual-Core Processor means Placing of two processors on a Single Chip. In a Dual-Core Processor, if a Processor is fail to do the Operations, then the Second Processor will do the Operations of the failed Processor. Dual-Core Processors Increase the accuracy and Speed Of the system. The Cache Memory in Dual-Core Processor reduces the Access Time.
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The first dual-core processor was created by IBM in 2001. Male Processors Contains Pins like shown in the above picture. Most of the Processors using in nowadays are Female Processors.
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Intel Pentium D:
The "D" in Pentium D stands for "dual-core. These processors include up to 2 megabytes (MB) of level-2 (L2) cache and up to 1066 megahertz (MHz) of bus speed. Clock speeds range from 1.6 gigahertz (GHz) to 3.2 GHz.
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AMD's AthlonX2 comes in clock speeds of up to 3.2 GHz. The AthlonX2's L2 cache size is a low 1 MB The speedy bus runs up to 3600 MHz .
Intel Core i3 series run at clock speeds from 2.93 GHz to 3.2 GHz. Their bus speeds run at 2.5 GT/s. They also all come with 4 MB of L2 "Smart Cache" cache.
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The specifications are similar to Core i3 with 4MB of L2 "Smart Cache" and 2.5 GT/s bus speeds. Their clock speeds start at 3.2 GHz and run up to 3.6 GHz.

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Having a multi-core processor in a computer means that it will work faster for certain programs. The computer may not get as hot when it is turned on. The computer needs less power because it can turn off some sections if they arent needed. More features can be added to the computer. The signals between different CPUs travel shorter distances, therefore they degrade less.
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They do not work at twice the speed as a normal processor. They get only 60-80% more speed. The speed that the computer works at depends on what the user is doing with it. They cost more than single core processors. They are more difficult to manage thermally than lower-density single-core processors.

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In the next years the trend will go to multicore processors more and more. The main reason is that they are faster than single-core processors and they can be still improved.

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