PARENTERAL NUTRITION

feeding a person intravenously, bypassing the usual process of eating and digestion. y The person receives nutritional formulas that contain nutrients such as salts, glucose, amino acids, lipids and added vitamins
y

Parenteral nutrition

 Provided

when the gastrointestinal tract is nonfunctional because of an interruption in its continuity or because its absorptive capacity is impaired
short gut syndrome Fistula prolonged ileus bowel obstruction

Indications

Consists of water and electrolytes; glucose, amino acids, and lipids; essential vitamins, minerals and trace elements For energy only, intravenous sugar solutions with dextrose or glucose are generally used

Solution

 Total

Nutrient Admixture (TNA) when no food is given by other routes.

customized to individual patient requirements standardized solutions

Total parenteral nutrition

Examples of total parenteral nutrition solutions

Infusion pump- 0.1 to 10 mL/hr

500- 4liters X 12 to 24 hours

Chronic PNsubclavian or jugular vein with the tip of the catheter at the superior vena cava, for infant; umbilical vein.

Infusion Procedure

y y

catheter insertion,
bacterial infection

Metabolic
hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia and hyperglycemia

Liver failure- excess glucose y Venous thrombosis and priapism- fats y Cholecystitis- unusage of GIT which may result in bile stasis in gallbladder
y

Complications

Nasogastric intubation refers to the process of placing a soft plastic nasogastric (NG) tube through a patient's nostril, past the pharynx and down the esophagus into a patient's stomach.

NASOGASTRIC TUBE FEEDING

deliver substances directly into the stomach(Gavage) y remove substances from the stomach (Lavage) y or as a means of testing stomach function or contents.
y

Purpose

y y y y y y y

obstruction of the tube perforation of the tube tube migration out of correct position regurgitation and aspiration of the feeding diarrhea nausea and vomiting abdominal distention, cramping and discomfort from too much feeding or a rate of feeding that is too rapid

complications