Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
10 March 2006
1.
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
2.
= -6 V = -6.5 V
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
3.
(a) positive phase sequence Van = |Vp| 0o Vbn = |Vp| -60o Vcn = |Vp| -120o (b) negative phase sequence Van = |Vp| 0o Vbn = |Vp| 60o Vcn = |Vp| 120o Vdn = |Vp| 180o Ven = |Vp| 240o Vfn = |Vp| 300o Vdn = |Vp| -180o Ven = |Vp| -240o Vfn = |Vp| -300o
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
4.
= -110 20o + 160 -50o = -103.4 j37.62 + 102.8 j122.6 = -0.6 j160.2 = 160.2 -90.21o V
= 80 130o + 160.2 -90.21o = -51.42 + j61.28 -0.6 j160.2 = -52.02 j98.92 = 111.8 -117.7o V
(c)
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
5.
= -80 120o + 60 75o = 40 j69.28 + 15.53 + j57.96 = 55.53 j11.32 = 56.67 -11.52o V
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
6.
V12 = 987o V = 0.4710 + j8.988 V, V23 = 845o V = 5.657 + j 5.657 V (a) V21 = V12 = 9 180o + 87 o V = 9 267o V = 9 93o V
= 15.8867.29o V
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
7.
(a)
Vbn
135o
75o 45o
Vcn Van
(b) The phase sequence is negative, since sequence is acbacb. A positive sequence would be abcabc
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
8.
The temptation is to extend the procedure for voltages, but without the specific circuit topology, we do not have sufficient information to determine I31.
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
9.
The temptation is to extend the procedure for voltages, but without the specific circuit topology, we do not have sufficient information to determine I31.
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
10. 230 / 460 V rms Z AN : S = 1040 kVA; Z NB: 810 kVA; Z AB : 4 80 kVA
Let VAN = 2300 V SAN = VAN IAN , IAN =
4000 80 = 8.696 80, IAB = 8.69680 IaA = IAN + IAB 460 IaA = 43.4840 + 8.69680 = 39.85 29.107 I aA = 39.85 A
IAN = 43.48 40 A, SAB = VAB IAB IAB =
800010 = 34.7810, INB = 34.78 10 A 230 IbB = 34.78 10 8.69680 = 35.85+ 175.96, IbB = 35.85+ A
INB =
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
11.
(a) InN = 0 since the circuit is balanced. 2400 IAN = 12 0 IAB = = 12 - 36.9 o 16 + j12 IaA = IAN + IAB = 12 + 9.596 j7.205 = 22.77 -18.45o A (b)
IAN = 24 0o A IBN = -12 0o A InN = -12 0o A
The voltage across the 16- resistor and j12- impedance has not changed, so IAB has not changed from above. IaA = IAN + IAB = 24 0o + 12 -36.9o = 34.36 -12.10o A IbB = IBN - IAB = -12 0o - 12 -36.9o = 7.595 -108.5o A InN = IBN IAN = -12 24 = 36 180o A
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
12. 10 10 j 3 21 + j 3 19 + j 2 8 j 2 = (21 + j 3) (674 + j167 60 j 32) = 10 10 j 3 8 j 2 36 + j5 + 10(360 j 50 74 j 44) (10 + j 3) (80 + j 20 + 184 + j 77) = 5800 + j1995 = 6127 18.805 720 10 10 j 3 720 19 + j 2 8 j 2 = 720(614 + j135 + 434 + j 94) = 720 1072.712.326 0 8 j 2 36 + j 5 720 1072.712.326 = 126.06 6.479 A 612718.805
(a)
IaA =
(b)
21 + j 3 720 10 j 3 720 (1084 + j 247) 10 720 8 j 2 = 720 (1084 + j 247) IBb = = 130.65 5.968 A 612718.805 10 j 3 0 36 + j 5 I nN = 130.65 5.968 126.06 6.479 = 4.7307.760 A
(c) (d)
P ,tot = 126.062 1 + 130.652 1 + 4.7302 10 = 15.891 + 17.069 + 0.224 = 33.18 kW Pgen ,tot = 720 126.06 cos 6.479 + 720 130.65 cos 5.968 = 90.18 + 93.56 = 183.74 kW
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
13. (a)
PF = 1 IAN =
IaA = 40.85cos 21.80 + j (377C440 40.85sin 21.80) C = 40.85sin 21.80 = 91.47 F 377 440
(b)
IAB = 377 91.47 106 440 = 15.172 A VA = 440 15.172 = 6.676 kVA
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
14.
2000 4000 400 + = 15.69 j3.922 + 12 + j 3 R AB R AB Since we know that |IaA| = 30 A rms = 42.43 A,
or RAB = 15.06 2000 4000 j 400 + = 15.69 - j 3.922 + 12 + j 3 - jX AB X AB 400 In order for the angle of IaA to be zero, = 3.922, so that XAB = 102 capacitive. X AB (b) IaA = IAN + IAB =
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
15. (a)
120 5000 5000 150 V SAN = 0.6 0.8 + j 3 3 3 120 SAN = 150 IaA IaA = 24.06 113.13 A 3 IaA = 24.06113.13 Pwire = 3 24.062 0.6 = 1041.7 W
VaA = 0.6 24.06113.13 = 14.434113.13 V Van = VaA + VAN = 14.434113.13 + 120 158 = 81.29143.88 V 3
(b)
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
16. (a)
1 (100, 000 + j 30, 000) = 2300 I IaA = 15.131 16.699 A aA 3 VAN = 2300 2 15.131 16.699 = 22710.2194 V
Z p = VAN / IaA = trans. eff. = 22710.2194 = 143.60 + j 43.67 15.131 16.699
(b) (c)
(d)
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
17. (a)
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
18.
125 mH j(2)(60)(0.125) = j47.12 55 F -j/(2)(60)(5510-6) = -j48.23 The per-phase current magnitude |I| is then I =
75 75
125 75 + (47.12 48.23) 2
2
= 1.667 A.
The power in each phase = (1.667)2 (75) = 208.4 W, so that the total power taken by the load is 3(208.4) = 625.2 W. 47.12 48.23 The power factor of the load is cos = 1.000 75 This isnt surprising, as the impedance of the inductor and the impedance of the capacitor essentially cancel each other out as they have approximately the same magnitude but opposite sign and are connected in series.
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
19.
Bal.,+ seq. Z AN = 8 + j 6 , Z BN = 12 j16 , ZCN = 5 + j 0, VAN = 1200 V rms R w = 0.5 (a) InN = 1200 120 120 120120 + + = 6.80383.86 A 8.5 + j 6 12.5 j16 5.5
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
20.
I =
(a) RW = 0
40
(R w + 5)2 + 10 2
= 3.578 A , and the power delivered to each phase of the load is 25 + 10 2 (3.578)2(5) = 64.01 W. The total power of the load is therefore 3(64.01) = 192.0 W.
Then I =
40
(b) RW = 3
= 3.123 A , and the power delivered to each phase of the load is 64 + 10 2 (3.123)2(5) = 48.77 W. The total power of the load is therefore 3(48.77) = 146.3 W.
Then I =
40
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
21. (a)
Z p = 7525 25 F, Van = 2400 V rms, 60 Hz, R w = 2 106 7525( j106.10) = j 106.10 Z p = = 75.34 j 23.63 Zcap = j 377 25 7525 j106.10 240 Z p + w = 77.34 j 23.63 IaA = = 2.96816.989 A 77.34 j 23.63
Pw = 3(2.968) 2 2 = 52.84 W Pload = 3(2.968) 2 75.34 = 1990.6 W PFsource = cos16.989 = 0.9564 lead
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
22.
Working on a per-phase basis and noting that the capacitor corresponds to a j6366- impedance,
-j6366 || 100 28o = 89.59 + j46.04 so that the current flowing through the combined load is 240 I = = 2.362 A rms 90.59 2 + 46.04 2 The power in each phase is (2.362)2 (90.59) = 505.4 W, so that the power deliverd to the total load is 3(505.4) = 1.516 kW. The power lost in the wiring is (3)(2.362)2 (1) = 16.74 W.
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
Bal., R w = 0, Z p = 10 + j 5 , f = 60 Hz
(c)
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
24.
Working from the single-phase equivalent, 1 1150 o = 46.9 0o V rms Van rms = 3 2 1.5 H j565 , 100 F -j26.5 and 1 k 1 k. These three impedances appear in parallel, with a combined value of 27.8 -88.4o . Thus, |Irms| = 46.9/ 27.8 = 1.69 A rms
Zload = 27.8 88.4o = 0.776 j 27.8 , so Pload = (3)(1.69)2 (0.776) = 2.22 W.
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
25.
R w = 0, Van = 20060 V rms. S p = 2 j1 kVA + seq.
(a) (b)
Zp =
(c)
IaA = IAB ICA = 6.455 120 3.43 6.455 120 3.43 = 11.18086.57 A rms
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
26. (a)
IBC = 27.78 6.87 and IAB = 27.78 113.13 A IbB = IBC IAB IbB = 27.78(1 6.87 1113.13) = 48.11 36.87 A VbC = 0.75( IbB IcC ) VbC = 0.75 48.11(1 36.87 1 156.87) + 18030 = 233.020.74 V (b)
Pwire = 3 48.112 0.75 = 5208 W Sgen = 5208 + 15, 000 36.87 = 17.208 + j 9.000 kVA
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
27. (a)
(b) (c)
1 Assume IAB = 3.1620 and +seq. (3000 + j1800) = VAB I AB = VAB (3.1620) 3 VAB = 368.830.96 V Van = VaA + VAB VbB + Vbn VaA = 5 IaA = 5 5.477 30 = 27.39 30, VbB = 27.39 150 Van = 27.39 30 27.39 150 + 368.830.96 + Van (1 120) Van = 27.39 30 27.39 150 + 368.830.96 = 236.8 2.447 Van = 236.8 V rms 1 1 120
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
28.
If a total of 240 W is lost in the three wires marked Rw, then 80 W is lost in each 2.3- 80 = 5.898 A rms . Since this is a D-connected load, segment. Thus, the line current is 2.3 the phase current is 1/ 3 times the line current, or 3.405 A rms. In order to determine the phase voltage of the source, we note that 2 Ptotal = 3 Vline I line PF = 3 Vline (5.898) 2 = 1800 (1800)(2) = 249.2 V where |Vline| = 2 3 (5.898)
This is the voltage at the load, so we need to add the voltage lost across the wire, which 1 (taking the load voltage as the reference phase) is 5.898 cos 1 (R W ) 2 = 13.57 -45o V. Thus, the line voltage magnitude of the source is |249.2 0o + 13.57 -45o| = 259.0 V rms.
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
29. (a)
Bal., +seq.
Van = 1200 Vab = 120 3 30, etc., IAB = IBC = 120 3 30 = 20.7830 A 10
IbB = 41.57 20.7830 = 60.47 170.10 A rms IcC = 20.78 120 + 41.57 = 36.00 30 A rms
Stot = VAB IAB + VBC IBC + VCA ICA = 120 3 30 20.78 30 + 120 3 90(41.57) +
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
30.
IAB =
|IA| = 3 I AB = 36.5 A The power supplied by the source = (3) |IA|2 (0.2) + (3) (200)2 / 10 = 12.8 kW Define transmission efficiency as = 100 Pload/ Psource. Then = 93.8%. IA leads IAB by 30o, so that IA = 36.5 11.6o.
VR W = (0.2)(36.5 11.6 o ) = 7.3 11.6 o V
With VAN =
200
3 compute the power factor of the source as PF = cos (ang(Van) ang(IA)) = cos (28.9o 11.6o) = 0.955.
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
IaA = IAB ICA = 24.05 0.9638 24.05 119.03 = 41.65 30.96 A rms
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
32.
15 mH j5.65 , 0.25 mF -j10.6 VAB = 120 3 30 o V VBC = 120 3 90 o V VCA = 120 3 210 o V
Defining three clockwise mesh currents I1, I2 and I3 corresponding to sources VAB, VBC and VCA, respectively, we may write: VAB = (10 + j5.65) I1 10 I2 + j5.65 I3 VBC = -10 I1 + (10 j10.6) I2 + j10.6 I3 VCA = - j5.65 I1 + j10.6 I2 + (j5.65 j10.6) I3 [1] [2] [3]
Solving using MATLAB or a scientific calculator, we find that I1 = 53.23 -5.873o A, I2 = 40.55 20.31o A, and I3 = 0 (a) VAN = j5.65(I1 I3) = 300.7 84.13o V, (b) VBN = 10(I2 I1) = 245.7 127.4o V, (c) VCN = -j10.6 (-I2) = 429.8 110.3o V, so VAN = 300.7 V so VBN = 245.7 V so VCN = 429.8 V
PSpice Simulation Results (agree with hand calculations) FREQ VM(A,N) VP(A,N) 6.000E+01 3.007E+02 8.410E+01 FREQ VM(B,N) VP(B,N) 6.000E+01 2.456E+02 1.274E+02 FREQ VM(C,N) VP(C,N) 6.000E+01 4.297E+02 1.103E+02
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
33. (a)
Rline = 1
207.830 130 1 j10 1 10 207.8 90 2 + j 5 207.8 j1 2 + j 5 j5 j5 0 0 j 5 10 j 5 j 5 10 j5 120 3 = 207.8 I1 = = 12 1 j10 12(70 + j 40) + (10 j 45) 10(20 + j 55) 1 2 + j 5 j5 10 j 5 10 j 5
I1 =
207.8[130(70 + j 40) + j1(10 j 45)] 21.69034.86 = = 33.8745.20 = IaA 630 j115 630 j115
12 1 10 130 10
j1 j 5 207.8 0 10 j 5 207.8[130(10 j 45) j1(20 j 60)] I2 = = 630 j115 630 j115 16,136162.01 = = 25.20172.36 A 630 j115
IcC = 25.20 7.641 A IbB = IaA ICC = 33.8745.20 25.20 7.641 = 53.03 157.05 A rms
S = 120 3 30(33.87 45.20) + 120 3 90(25.207.641) = 6793 j1846.1 696.3 + j 5190.4 = 6096 + j 3344 VA
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
34.
240 3
30 o .
IA2 =
Iphase leads Iline by 30o, so IA1 = 20 3 34.8 o mA = 34.6 34.8 o mA Ia = IA1 + IA2 = 11.5 j20.8 + 28.4 j19.7 mA = 56.9-45.4o mA
The power factor at the source = cos (45.4o 30o) = 0.964 lagging. The power taken by the load = (3)(2010-3)2 (12103) + (3)(23.810-3)2 (5000) = 22.9 W.
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
35.
I =
(a) Vxy = 10 I = 124.1 -29.74o V. Thus, Pxy = (12.41)(124.1) = 1.54 kW (b) Pxz = (200)(12.41) cos (29.74o) = 2.155 kW (c) Vyz = 200 0 124.1 -29.74o = 110.9 33.72o V Thus, Pyz = (110.9)(12.41) cos (33.72o + 29.74o)
= 614.9 W
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
36.
1 H j377 , 25 F -j106
I1 =
IC = I
Pmeasured = (257)(1.86) cos (21o + 48.7o) = 166 W. No reversal of meter leads is needed. PSpice verification:
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
37.
2.5 A peak = 1.77 A rms. 200 V peak = 141 V rms. 100 F -j20 . Define the clockwise mesh current I1 in the bottom mesh, and the clockwise mesh current I2 in the top mesh. IC = I1 I2. Since I2 = -177-90o, we need write only one mesh equation: 1410o = (20 - j40o) I1 + (-20 + j20) I2
1410 + (-20 + j 20)(1.77 - 90 o ) = 4.02374.78 o A 20 - j 40 and IC = I1 I2 = 2.361 63.43o A. Imeter = -I1 = 4.023-105.2o Vmeter = 20 IC = 47.23 63.43o V
so that I1 =
Thus, Pmeter = (47.23)(4.023)cos(63.43o + 105.2o) = -186.3 W. Since this would result in pegging the meter, we would need to swap the potential leads.
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
38.
(a) Define three clockwise mesh currents I1, I2 and I3 in the top left, bottom left and righthand meshes, respectively. Then we may write: 100 0 = (10 j10) I1 50 90o = 0 = -(10 j10) I1 - (10 j10) I3 (8 + j6) I3 + (48 + j6) I3
(8 + j6) I2 (8 + j6) I2
Solving, we find that I1 = 10.12 32.91o A, I2 = 7.906 34.7o and I3 = 3.536 8.13o A. Thus, PA = (100)(10.12) cos (-32.91o) = 849.6 W and PB = (5)(7.906) cos (90o 34.7o) = 225.0 W (b) Yes, the total power absorbed by the combined load (1.075 kW) is the sum of the wattmeter readings. PSpice verification:
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
39.
This circuit is equivalent to a Y-connected load in parallel with a -connected load. 200 30o 3 = 4.62 60o A For the Y-connected load, Iline = 2530o 200 PY = (3) (4.62)cos 30o = 1.386 kW 3 For the -connected load, Iline = 2000 = 460o A 50 60o P = (3)(200)(4 cos 60o) = 1.2 kW
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
40.
We assume that the wire resistance cannot be separated from the load, so we measure from the source connection: (a)
(b)
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
10 March 2006
41.
We assume that the wire resistance cannot be separated from the load, so we measure from the source connection: (a)
(b)
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.