Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

PRE-LECTURE READING ASSIGNMENT

Chapter 4.0: Genetic Inheritance
4.1

Mendelian Genetics: Monohybrid and Dihybrid

Learning Outcomes
When you have completed the exercise in this chapter you will have accomplished the following
objectives:
a. Define terminologies used in genetic inheritance: alleles, genes, locus, genotype, phenotype,
homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, self-cross and test-cross.
b. Describe the characteristics of Mendels pea plants.
c. Explain the Mendels experiments on monohybrid cross.
d. State Mendels first law/Law of Segregation.
e. Explain the relationship between Mendels Law and meiosis.
Directions: Use your notes and reference books to answer the following questions.

Questions
1. Define the following terms :
Genes

: ________________________________________________________________

Alleles

: ________________________________________________________________

Locus

: ________________________________________________________________

Genotype

: ________________________________________________________________

Phenotype

: ________________________________________________________________

Homozygous

: ________________________________________________________________

Heterozygous : ________________________________________________________________
Dominant

: ________________________________________________________________

Recessive

: ________________________________________________________________

Self-cross

: ________________________________________________________________

Test-cross

: ________________________________________________________________

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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

2. Label the diagram below.

3. Describe the genotypes given.

DD
: homozygous, dominant

ss

: ____________________

Dd

: ___________________

SS

: ____________________

dd

: ___________________

Ww

: _____________________

4. Differentiate between a genotype and phenotype.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Explain the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. In Mendelian genetics, what is the difference between a character and a trait?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
(Campbell.Biology 9th edition. Pearson. Page 309)
7. Who was Gregor Mendel?
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

8. List a few of the advantages of Mendels choice of the garden pea as a model organism.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
9. What does it mean when pea plants are described as being true-breeding?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
10. Explain how Mendel cross-pollinated the pea plants.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

11. To perform his experiments, how did Mendel prevent pea flowers from self-pollinating and
control their cross-pollination?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

12. What is a monohybrid cross?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

13. Use the diagram to label the generations: P, F1, F2, pure, phenotype, hybrid, and make notes of
Mendels observations.

________Generation
_____________

____________

_______Generation

____________

Self-cross or ___________

________Generation

14. What happened when Mendel crossed a purple flowered pea plant with a white flowered plant?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
15. What happened when the purple flowered pea plants were allowed to self fertilize?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

16. Describe the phenotype of the P, F1 and F2 generation plants.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
17. Compare the appearance of the plants in the F1 generation with those in the F2 generation.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
18. What did Mendel call the observed trait and the trait that seemed to disappear in the F1
generation?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
19. Why does the trait for white color seem to skip a generation?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
20. How did Mendel explain the reappearance of white color in the F2 generation?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
21. What will be the ratio of the offspring in F2, according to Mendel's findings?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
22. State the Law of Segregation.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
(Raven. Biology 9th edition.McGraw Hill. Page 226)

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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

23. The diagram below shows one of the crosses Mendel made while studying garden pea plants.
Identify the genotypes of the plants. Use the letter P to represent the allele for purple-flower
and the letter p to represent the allele for white-flower. Write one allele in each box.

Explain the phenotype and genotype ratio you would expect if the F1 generation were selffertilised.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

24. Based on diagram below, state the different characteristics of pea using by Gregor Mendel in his
experiment.
Character

Dominant trait

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Recessive trait

Pre-Lecture Reading Assignment

Biology Unit
Perak Matriculation College

25. Complete the following diagram to show how alleles segregate during the formation of
gametes.

a. What are gametes?

______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
b. In the diagram above, the dominant allele is represented by __________and the recessive allele
is represented by________________.
c. How does meiosis relate to Law of segregation?
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

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