TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 1 of 33

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 2. REFERENCED CODES AND / OR STANDARDS 3. QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL 4. RADIATION SOURCES 5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 6. IDENTIFICATION OF RADIOGRAPHS 7. PENETRAMETERS 8. RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES 9. DIRECTION OF RADIOTAION & GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS 10. SAFETY 11. EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 12. RECORDS 13. ATTACHMENT

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 2 of 33

1. SCOPE 1.1 This procedure establishes the uniform requirements for radiographic examination of weldments. The materials intended are carbon steel, alloy steel and stainless steel. The thickness covered by this procedure shall be up to 2.5 inches inches of sting. These requirements are intended to control the quality of the radiographic images and are not intended for controlling acceptability or quality of welds. 2. REFERENCED CODES AND / OR STANDARDS 2.1 ASME Sec. V 2.2 SNT TC -1A & ANSI/ASNT CP -189 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code NonDestructive Examination. ASNT Recommended Practice for NDT personnel qualification and certification.

2.3 ASTM-Metal test methods ad analytical procedures Vol:03.03 Nondestructive testing. 2.3.1. ASTM E-747/97 2.3.2. ASTM E-94/00 2.4 DIN 54 109 2.5 ASME Sec I 2.6 ASME B31.1 2.7 ASME B31.3 2.8 ASME B31.4 2.9 ASME B31.8 2.10 ASME Sec VIII, Div.1 2.11 ASME Sec IX 2.12 API 1104 2.13 API 650 2.14 AWS D1.1 2.15 ARAMCO-GI 448.010 Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing (wire Penetrameters) Standard Guide for Radiographic Testing Image Quality of Radiographs Rules for Construction of power Boiler Power Piping Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping. Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous Ammonia, and Alcohols. Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems. Boiler and pressure vessels code. Welding and Brazing Qualifications Standard for welding pipelines and related facilities Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage. Structural Welding Code Steel Radiographic Examination

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 3 of 33

3. QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL 3.1 All radiographic examination personnel shall be qualified and certified in accordance, conforming to the latest edition of Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A and ANSI/ASNT CP-189. 3.2 For all Saudi Aramco projects, the radiographs shall be examined and interpreted by personnel certified to perform RTFI by Saudi Aramco. 4. RADIATION SOURCES 4.1 Selection of the appropriate source is dependent upon variables regarding the weld being examined (material composition and thickness). The suitability of the source shall be demonstrated by attaining the required image quality indicator (IQI) sensitivity and complying with all other requirements stipulated herein (film density and area of interest, density tolerances, etc.). The source shall be either X-ray or Gamma-ray. 4.2 The X-Ray machine used shall have adequate voltage and radiation output. The focal spot size shall not exceed 2.5mm X 2.5mm. 4.3 The Gamma-Ray Isotopes shall have an effective source size of 3 mm or less. Only Ir-192 Isotope shall be used as a source of Gamma-Ray. 4.4 The minimum permissible thickness for which radioactive isotopes may be used is as follows: Material Steel Copper or High Nickel Aluminum Iridium 192 0.75 in. 0.65 in. 2.50 in. Cobalt 60 1.5 in. 1.30 in. N/A

The minimum thickness limitation may be reduced when the radiographic techniques used demonstrate that the required radiographic sensitivity has been obtained. 5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Unless otherwise specified by the applicable job order or contract, radiography shall be performed prior to or after heat treatment.

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 4 of 33

5.2 Surface preparation : 5.2.1 The welds shall be prepared only to the extent necessary that the resulting radiographic image due to any irregularities shall not mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity. The finished surface of all butt-welded joints may be flush with base material or may have reasonably uniform crowns. If the weld is ground flush with the adjustment base material, arrows or Vs shall be placed inch away from the edge of weld opposite to the film location markets at the extremities of the film in the area of examination (See attachment 1). 5.3 Film & Screen Requirements. 5.3.1. Selection of films shall be determined by such factors such as the required quality level, materials etc. The films selected shall be capable of demonstrating the required image quality indicator (IQI) sensitivity. They shall be either type 1 or 2. The common commercial brand of films used shall be : Type 1 : Agfa D4 Kodak MX or M Fuji1 x % Dupont NDT 55 Type 2: Agfa D& Kodak AX Fuji I X 80 Dupont NDT 65

5.3.2. Intensifying screens of lead-foil type or cassette screen type shall be used. The screens shall have a minimum thickness of 0.125mm (0.005). They shall be of the same approximate dimensions as the film being used and shall be in direct intimate contact with the film during exposure. The screens used shall be handled carefully to avoid dents, scratches, grease or dirt. Screens rendering non-relevant indications on radiographs shall be visually examined and discarded if physical damage is observed. Exception to 5.3.2 is permitted when Ready Pack or Roll Pack with integral screens is used. Under no circumstances shall screens which emit visible light be used. 5.4 Processing Requirements 5.4.1. All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical or other artifacts to be extent that they cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity in the object being radiographed. Such artifacts include but are not limited to: 5.4.1.1.Fogging 5.4.1.2.Processing defects such as water or chemical marks. 5.4.1.3.Scratches, finger marks, crimps, static smudges or tears. 5.4.1.4.Loss of detail due to poor film contact. 5.4.1.5.False indications due to defective screens.

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 5 of 33

5.4.2. Processing manual (According to SE-94) 5.4.2.1. Preparation No more film should be processed than can be accommodated with a minimum separation of in. (12.7mm). Hangers are loaded and solutions stirred before starting development. 5.4.2.2. Start of Development Start the timer and place the films into the developer tank. Separate to a minimum distance of in. (12.7 mm) and agitate in two directions for about 15 s. 5.4.2.3. Development Normal development is 5 to 8 min. at 680F (200C). 5.4.2.4. Agitation Shake the film horizontally and vertically, ideally for a few seconds each minute during development. This will help film develop evenly. 5.4.2.5. Rinsing Rinse the films with vigorous agitation in clear water. 5.4.2.6. Fixing The films must not touch one another in the fixer. Agitate the hangers vertically for about 10s and again at the end of the first minute, to ensure uniform and rapid fixation. Keep them in the fixer until fixation is complete (that is, at least twice the clearing time), but not more than 15 min. in relatively fresh fixer. Frequent agitation will shorten the time of fixation. 5.4.2.7. Fixer Neutralizing Use a hypo eliminator or fixer neutralizer between fixation and washing. 5.4.2.8. Washing Washing is very slow below 600F (160C).When washing at temperatures above 850F (300C), acre should be exercised not to leave films in the water too long. The films should be washed in batches without contamination from new film brought over from the fixer. If pressed for capacity, as more films are put in the wash, partially washed film should be moved in the direction of the inlet. 5.4.2.9. Wetting Agent Dip the film for approximately 30s in a wetting agent added clear water. 5.4.2.10. Drying Take precaution to tighten film on hangers, so that it cannot touch in the dryer. Too hot a drying temperature at low humidity can result in uneven drying and should be avoided.

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 6 of 33

5.5 Viewing Facilities for Radiographs : Viewing facilities shall provide subdued background lighting of an intensity that will not cause troublesome reflections, shadows, or glare on the radiograph. Equipment used to view radiographs for interception shall provide a variable light source sufficient for the designated wire to be visible foe the specified density range. The viewing conditions shall be such that light from around the outer edge of the radiograph or coming through low density portions of the radiograph does not interfere with interception. 5.6 The transmitted film density through the radiographic image adjacent to the designated wire of the wire penetrameter and the area of interest shall be 2.0 minimum. Composite viewing of multiple film exposures is not permitted. Either a calibrated densitometer or step wedge comparison film shall be used for determining the film density. 5.7 Back Scatter A lead symbol B with minimum dimensions of inch in height and 1/16 inch in thickness shall be attached to the back of each film holder during each exposure to determine if back scatter radiation is exposing the film. If a light image of the B appears on a darker background of the film, the radiograph is rejectable and shall be reshot after ensuring adequate backscatter protection. The appearance of a dark image of letter B shall be disregarded, unless the dark image could mask or be confused and is acceptable. 6. IDENTIFICATION OF RADIOGRAPHS 6.1. General A system of Radiographic identification shall be used to produce a permanent and traceable record of radiographs to individual welds. The radiograph shall contain the plant or job number, line or equivalent number, weld number, the date on which the radiograph was shot and welders symbol. Subsequent radiographs made by reasons of a repaired area shall be identified with a letter R and a number following the R indicating first, second, etc., sequence of repair radiographs when the same weld is repaired more than once. 6.2 Location Location markers shall be placed outside the weld area. The radiographic image of the location markers for the coordination of the part with the area of interest shall appear on the film without interfering with the area of interest and with such an agreement that it is evident that complete coverage was obtained. The location markers shall be placed at approximately equal intervals not exceeding 15 inches (See attachment 1). 6.2.1. Double-wall Technique: when using a double-wall technique and the welds in both walls is viewed for acceptance, and the entire image of the object being radiographed is shown on the radiograph, only one location marker shall be used. The marker used for this type of technique shall be either numbers or letters. They shall be placed on the source or on the film side.

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 7 of 33

6.2.2. Series of Radiographs: For welds that require a serious of radiographs to cover the full length or circumference of the weld, the complete set of location markers shall be applied at one time, wherever possible. A reference or zero position for each series shall be identified on the component. For pipe or tube welds greater than 3 a number belt shall be used. The number belt shall consist of lead numbers between and in height. Number spacing shall be as follows : Nominal Pipe Diameter Spacing Over 31/2 Through 8 1 (2.5 cm apart) 8 and above 4 (10 cm) apart 6.2.3. Similar Welds: On similar type of welds on a single component, the sequence and spacing of the location markers shall conform to a uniform system that shall be positively identified and agreed by the client. 7. PENETRAMETERS 7.1 General The quality of all levels of radiographic testing shall be determined by a set of wire penetrameters that confirms to the requirements of method E-747 Article 22 Sec.5 (See Para 4.1.3) or hole type penetrameters that confirms to the requirements of E-1025. The penetrameters to be used shall be of ASTM wire type for ASME job. The ASTM wire type penetrameter are available in four sets each containing 6 wires of various thickness. These are : ASTM WIRE PENETRAMETERS
WIRE DIAMETERS, IN. (MM) Set A Wire Set B 0.0032 (0.08) 1 0.010 (0.25) 0.004 (0.1) 2 0.013 (0.33) 0.005 (0.13) 3 0.016 (0.4) 0.0063 (0.16) 4 0.020 (0.51) 0.008 (0.2) 5 0.025 (0.64) 0.010 (0.25) 6 0.032 (0.81) Wire 6 7 8 9 10 11 Set C 0.032 (0.81) 0.040 (1.02) 0.050 (1.27) 0.063 (1.6) 0.080 (2.03) 0.100 (2.5) Wire 11 12 13 14 15 16 Set D 0.100 (2.5) 0.126 (3.2) 0.160 (4.06) 0.20 (5.1) 0.25 (6.4) 0.32 (8) Wire 16 17 18 19 20 21

Note : The 0.0032 wire may be used to establish a special quality level as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. For jobs other than ASME, the penetrameters to be used shall be of DIN wire type of which there are three sets, each containing 7 wires of various thickness. These are :
1 ISO 7 Diameter of Wire (mm) Corresponding Number 6 ISO 12 Diameter of Wire (mm) Corresponding Number 10 ISO 16 Diameter of Wire (mm) Corresponding Number 3.20 1 1.00 6 0.40 10 2.50 2 0.80 7 0.32 11 2.00 3 0.63 8 0.25 12 1.60 4 0.50 9 0.20 13 1.25 5 0.40 10 0.16 14 1.00 6 0.32 11 0.12 15 0.80 7 0.25 12 0.1 16

Note : 1 in. = 25.4 mm

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 8 of 33
Penetrameter

The selection of the hole type penetrates used shall be as below:

Nominal Material Thickness Range, in. Upto 0.25, incl Over 0.25 through 0.375 Over 0.375 through 0.50 Over 0.50 through 0.75 Over 0.75 through 1.00 Over1.00 through 1.50 Over 1.50 through 2.00 Over 2.00 through 2.50 Over 2.50 through 4.00 Over 4.00 through 6.00 Over 6.00 through 8.00 Over 8.00 through 10.00 Over 10.00 through 12.00 Over 12.00 through 16.00 Over 16.00 through 20.00 Source Side Essential Hole 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T Film Side Essential Hole 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T

Holy Type Designation 12 15 17 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 80 100 120 160 200

Wire Dia. in. 0.008 0.010 0.013 0.016 0.020 0.025 0.032 0.040 0.050 0.063 0.100 0.126 0.160 0.250 0.320

Hole Type Designation 10 12 15 17 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 80 100 120 160

Wire Dia. in. 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.013 0.016 0.020 0.025 0.032 0.040 0.050 0.063 0.100 0.126 0.160 0.250

Note: 1 in. = 25.4 mm For AWS requirements hole type penetrameter selection shall be as per the table below:
Nominal Material Thickness Range, in. Upto 0.25 incl. Over 0.25 to 0.375 Over 0.375 to 0.50 Over 0.50 to 0.625 Over 0.625 to 0.75 Over 0.75 to 0.875 Over 0.875 to 1.00 Over 1.00 to 1.25 Over 1.25 to 1.50 Over 1.50 to 2.00 Over 2.00 to 2.50 Over 2.50 to 3.00 Over 3.00 to 4.00 Over 4.00 to 6.00 Over 6.00 to 8.00 Nominal Material Thickness Range, in. Upto 6.4 incl. Over 6.4 through 9.5 Over 9.5 through 12.7 Over 12.7 through 15.9 Over 15.9 through 19.0 Over 19.0 through 22.2 Over 22.2 through 25.4 Over 25.4 through 31.7 Over 31.7 through 38.1 Over 38.1 through 50.8 Over 50.8 through 63.5 Over 63.5 through 76.2 Over 76.2 through 102 Over 102 through 152 Over 152 through 203 Source Side Designation 10 12 15 15 17 20 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 80 Essential Hole 4T 4T 4T 4T 4T 4T 4T 4T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T Film Side Designation 7 10 12 12 15 17 17 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 Essential Hole 4T 4T 4T 4T 4T 4T 4T 4T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T

Notes: 1. Single wall radiographic thickness (for tubular). 2. Application to tubular structures only.

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 9 of 33

7.2 The material of penetrameters shall be of a similar radiographic density to that of the material being radiographed. 7.2.1. The quality levels required using wire penetrameters system shall be equivalent to 2-2T level of method E-142/or practice E-1025. Article 22 Sec. 5 for hole type penetrameters. The table T-276 Article 2 Sec. V (see next page) provides a list of various hole type IQIs and the diameter of the wires of corresponding EPS (Equivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity) with the applicable 2T holes in the IQI. This table shall be used for determining 2T quality levels otherwise specified by the client. 7.2.2. The penetrameter selection shall be based on the nominal wall thickness of the base material plus the reinforcement. Internal protrusions of single level welds, backing rings or strips shall be disregarded in the selection of the required penetrameter wire size. Reinforcement shall be based on estimated measurement and not actual measurement. In general the following shall apply. 7.2.2.1.Panoramic, single wall single image and double wall single image techniques, the required wire size shall be based on the one wall thickness plus one reinforcement where such reinforcement is not ground off. 7.2.2.2. Double Wall-Double view elliptical techniques, the required wire size shall be based on two-wall thickness plus two reinforcement where such reinforcement is not ground off. 7.2.2.3. Double wall-Double view superimposed techniques, the required wire size shall be based on two-wall thickness plus two reinforcements where such reinforcements are not ground off. 7.2.2.4. For welds without reinforcement, the required wire size shall be based on the nominal single wall thickness for double wall double viewing (Elliptical or superimposed Technique). 7.3 Placement of Penetrameters The penetrameter(s) shall be placed on source side of the weld so that the length of the wires is perpendicular to the length of the weld. In those cases where the physical placement of penetrameter on the source side is not possible, the penetrameters shall be placed on the film side. If the penetrameter is placed on the film side, it shall always accompany a lead letter F at least as high as the penetrameter identification numbers. Only that portion of the weld adjacent to the film when the penetrameter is placed on the film side of the object being radiographed, shall be viewed for acceptance for the radiographic technique. This includes 3 and under piping. The identification numbers and when used the lead letter F shall not be in the area of interest.

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 10 of 33

7.4 Number of Penetrameters 7.4.1. One IQI shall represent an area within which radiographic densities are not less than 15% from that measured through the body of the IQI. At least one IQI shall be present on the radiograph except as noted below. 7.4.2. When film density, in the area of interest, varies by more than minus 15% pr plus 30% from the density adjacent to the designated wire of a wire penetrameter within the maximum / minimum allowable density ranges specified in Para 5.6, then an additional penetrameter shall be used for each exceptional area or areas and the radiographed shall be taken. 7.4.3. At least one penetrameter image shall appear on each radiographed except as outlined below: 7.4.3.1. For DWE/SWW or SWE/SWV techniques requiring multiple exposures for complete inspection of the weld, and where the length of the film to be interpreted is greater than 127mm (5 in), two penetrameters placed across the welds and perpendicular to the welds length shall be sued. One shall be at the center of the film to be interpreted. When the film length to be interpreted is 5 in. or less, one penetrameter shall be placed across the weld and perpendicular to the weld length at the center to be interpreted. 7.4.3.2. If more than one penetrameter is used because of density requirements, one shall be placed in the lightest area of interest and the other in the darkest area of interest. The intervening densities on the radiograph shall be considered as having acceptable density if the required wire is visible in each penetrameter. 7.4.3.3. For panoramic radiography involving a complete circumferential weld, four (4 equally spaced penetrameters at 900 intervals shall be places. 7.4.3.4. When the source is placed in the axis of the circumference and a portion of that circumference (four or more continuous locations) is radiographed during a single exposure, atleast 4 IQIs placed approximately equidistant apart shall be used. 7.4.3.5. Where portions of longitudinal welds adjoining the circumferential weld are being radiographed simultaneously with the circumferential weld, additional IQIs shall be placed on the longitudinal welds at the ends of sections most remote from the position of the source used to radiographed the circumferential weld. 7.4.4. For radiography performed in accordance with API-1104 and the technique is either DWSI or SWSI (non-panoramic) at least two penetrameters shall be used for each exposure. One penetrameter shall be located approximately in the centre of the film. The other shall be located with the smallest wire approximately 1 inch from either end of the area of interest. Radiography of repairs shall include a penetrameter for each repair or area of repair.

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 11 of 33

8. Radiographic Techniques 8.1. Single wall technique: Except as stated below radiography shall be performed using a technique in which the radiation passes through only one wall. 8.2. Double wall technique for circumferential welds: For circumferential welds 3 O.D or less, a technique shall be used in which the radiation passes through both walls and both walls are viewed for acceptance on the same film. Unless otherwise specified, either elliptical or superimposed projections shall be used. 8.2.1. For elliptical projections, where the weld is not superimposed, at least two views separated by 900 shall be taken. If design or success restrictions prevail from taking 900 separate views, agreement between the contracting parties shall specify the necessary weld coverage. 8.2.2. For Superimposed projections a minimum of three views shall be taken at approximately 00, 600 and 1200. 8.3. For circumferential welds greater than 3 O.D. a technique shall be used in which only fro single wall viewing is performed. Sufficient exposures shall be taken to ensure complete coverage. 9. Direction of Radiation & Geometric Unsharpness:

9.1. Direction of central beam of radiation shall be centered perpendicular toward the centre of the effective area of the film pr to a plane tangent to the center of the film, to the maximum extent possible except for the double wall exposure double wall viewing elliptical technique. 9.2. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable job order or contract, the geometric unsharpness shall not exceed the following limits ; Material Thickness (in.) Under 2 2 Through 3 Over 3 through 4 Greater than 4 Ug Maximum (in.) 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.070

Geometric unsharpness shall be determined in accordance with Ug =Ft/d Where, Ug = F = D = T = Geometric unsharpness Size of the radiation source Distance from source o radiation to weld or object being radiographed. Distance from source side of weld or object radioghraphed to the film,

Find acceptance of radiographs shall be bases on the ability to see the designated penetrameter wire image. The unsharpness may be of less consequence as t/d ratio increases.

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 12 of 33

10.

SAFETY:

10.1. General All classified personnel shall wear a film badge and a fully charged pocket dosimeter whenever in a classified radiation area. In additional they shall always maintain an operable survey meter in the radiation area and use it to verify that the area is safe. They shall perform radiography in complete accordance with the Radiation Safety Manual. Copies of this procedure will be maintained at all sites where radiography is being performed and where radiographic isotopes are stored. 10.2. Radiation Area The area where radiography is being performed shall be cordoned off (or otherwise barricaded) and signposted in Arabic and English to prevent accidental entry by unauthorized personnel (See attachment 2). An operator shall remain in view of the cranking unit of the exposure device at a safe distance while the exposure is being made, in order to retract the source in the vent of unauthorized entry into the radiation area. 10.3. Collimators Collimators shall always be used when practical. 10.4. Safety Procedures Detailed safety procedures for the use, handling and storage of radioactive materials are given in the general safety policies. Radiography personnel shall be familiar with all safety procedures. 11. EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 11.1. Radiographic Film Quality : All radiographs shall be free of mechanical, chemical, handlingrelated or other blemishes which could mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity in the area of interest on the radiograph. If any doubt exists as to be true nature of an indication exhibited by the film, the radiograph shall be rejected and reshot. 11.2. Radiographs shall be interpreted only in those areas in which penetrameters have established that a suitable radiographic technique has been used. Acceptance or rejection of a weld or part shall be based on Appendix B. 11.3. Client and/or company reserve the right to final interpretation and evaluation of radiographs.

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 13 of 33

12. RECORDS The following radiographic records shall be maintained as agreed upon between the client and SOGEC 12.1. Radiographic Standard Shooting Sketch 12.2. Weld Repair Documentation 12.3. Film Used 12.4. Thickness of the Material 12.5. Source of film distance. 12.6. Film interpretation record shall contain as a minimum the following information. 12.6.1. Disposition of each radiograph (acceptable or rejectable). 12.6.2. If rejectable, cause for rejecting (slag, crack, porosity, lack of fusion, incomplete penetration etc. 12.6.3. Surface indication verified by visual examination (grinding marks, weld ripple, splatter, etc.) 12.7. Signature of the film interpreter. 13. ATTACHMENT Sketch showing location markers and arrow markers. Radiation warning sign board. Sample Radiographic repot.

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 14 of 33

ARROWS

x x x

LOCATION

PLATE

13.1.Sketch Showing Location Markers and Arrows markers

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 15 of 33

DANGER RADIATION

KEEP OUT
13.2 Radiation Warning Sign Boards

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 16 of 33

RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING REPORT

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 17 of 33

TECHNIQUE SHEET FOR RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

1. Gamma Ray Camera 2. Radiation Source and Source Size 3. Geometrical Arrangement 4. Films 5. Intensifying Screens 6. Applicable Reference Code / Procedure 7. Acceptance Standard

: Amersham/Sentinel 660A or 660B : Iridium-192,3 mm x 3 mm : See Appendix A : Kodak Type 1 / II or Equivalent : Lead Screens 0.125 mm (Front & Back) : ASME Sec. V and ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1 : ASME sec. VIII Div. 1, API 1104, AWS D1.1, ASME B31.3 = as specified. For acceptance details see Appendix B.

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 18 of 33

Appendix A:(Page 1 of 2) SINGLE-WALL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES

Pipe OD

Exposure Radiographic Technique Viewing

Source-Weld Film Arrangement End View Slide View

IQI Penetrameter Selection Placement

Location Marker Placement

Any

SingleWall T-271.1

Single-Wall

T-276 and Table T-276

Source Side T-277.1 (a) Film Side T277.1(b) Source Slide Team

Either Side T-275.3 T-275.1 (c)

Exposure Arrangement A

Any

SingleWall T=271.1

Film Slide T-275.1 (B) (1)

Single-Wall

T-276 and Table T-276 Exposure Arrangement B

Film Side T-277.1 (b)

Any

SingleWall T-271.1

T-276 And Table T-276 Single Wall

Source Slide T-277.1(a) Source Slide T-275.1 (a) (3)

Film Side T277.1(b)

Exposure Arrangement C

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROC. NO.: SOGEC-RT- 01 REV. NO. : REV. DT.: ISS.DT.: 09-March-2005 Page 19 of 33

Appendix A:(Page 2 of 2) DOUBLE WALL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNICQUES

Pipe OD Exposure Radiographic Technique Viewing Double Wall: T271.2 (a) atleast 3 exposures 120 deg. to each other for complete coverage Double Wall T=271.2 (a) atleast 3 exposures 120 deg. to each other for complete coverage Double Wall T-271.2 (b) (1) atleast 2 exposure at 90 deg. to each other for complete coverage Double wall T271.2 (b) (2) atleast 3 exposure at 60 deg. or 120 deg. to each other for complete coverage Source-Weld Film Arrangement End View Slide View IQI Penetrameter Selection Placement Location Marker Placement

T-276 and Table T-276 Single-Wall Exposure Arrangement D

Source Side T-277.1 (a) Film Side T-277.1 (b)

Film Side T-275.1 (b) (1)

Any

T-276 and Table T-276 Single-Wall Exposure Arrangement E

Source Slide T277.1 (a)

Film Slide T-275.1 (b) (1)

Any

Film Side T-277.1 (b)

3 in or less

Double Wall (Ellipse): Read offset Source Side and Film Side Images Exposure arrangement F

T-276 And Table T-276

Source Slide T277.1(b)

Either Side T-275.2

3 in or less

Double Wall: Read Superimpos ed Source Side and Film Side Images Exposure arrangement G

T-276 and Table T-276

Source Side T277.1 (b)

Either Side T275.2

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

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Appendix B:(Page 1 of 15) 1 ASME SEC. I. SEC VIII DIV.I, ASME B31.1, API 650 1.1 Acceptance / Rejection Criteria summary (Elongated Indications) Below mentioned table provides a cross-referenced comparison of the acceptance and rejection criteria of ASME Section I, ASME B31.1, and ASME Section VIII Div. I, API 650. Acceptance / rejection criteria for ASME /ANSI B31.1 is refered by code to ASME Section I. The following table defines the levels of acceptability unless otherwise indicated.
Indications Crack Lack of Fusion Incomplete Penetration Elongated ASME Sec I ASME B31.1 None None None Acceptable Limits: for t upto ? t for t from to 2 for t > 2 ASME Sec VIII, DIV.1 Para UW-51, API 650 None None None Acceptable Limits: for t upto ? t for t from to 2 for t > 2 ASME Sec VIII, Div. 1 Para UW-52 None None None Rejectable if length > ? t where t is the thickness of the weld. Acceptable if the sum of the longest dimensions of all such indications is less than t in a length of 6t & the longest indications are separated by 3L where L is the length of the longest indication. The maximum length of acceptable indication shall be . Any such indication shorter than shall be acceptable for plate thickness. Rounded indications are not a factor unless 100 % examination is required. Rounded tungsten inclusions are to be evaluated as rounded indications per UW-51. Elongated and aligned tungsten inclusions are unacceptable.

Any group indication

of

aligned

Rejectable if sum of length > t in a length of 12t except when the distance between successive indications is 6L where L is the length of the longest imperfection

Rejectable if aggregate length > t in a length of 12t except when the successive indications exceeds 6L where L is the length of the longest imperfection.

Porosity & Indications

Rounded

Refer to section 1.2 of this Appendix B.

Refer to section 1.2 of this Appendix B.

Tungsten

Refer to Section 1.2 of this Appendix B.

Refer to section 1.2 of this Appendix B.

Appendix B:(Page 2 of 15)

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

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1.2 Acceptance Criteria Rounded Indications As specified in the ASME Section 1, appendix A250; ASME code section VIII Div.1. Appendix 4; ASME B31.1 (by reference to sec 1); and API 650 (by reference to Sec. 1); and API 650 (by reference to Sec. VIII). The following terms and definitions apply when considering rounded indications. Note that for ASME Sec VIII Div. 1. only UW-52 (Full Radiography) includes rounded indication as a factor for consider rounded indications as a factor for acceptance / rejection consideration. 1.2.1. Rounded indications: Indications with a maximum length of three times the width or less on the radiograph are defined as rounded indications. These indications may be circular, elliptical, conical, or irregular in shape and may have tails. When evaluating the size of and indication, the tail shall be included. The indication may be from any imperfection in the weld, such as porosity, slag, or tungsten. (Appendix 4, para 4-2a; Appendix A, Para 250.2.1). Rounded tungsten inclusions are to be evaluated to the same criteria as porosity, slag or other rounded indications. 1.2.2. Aligned Indications: A sequence of four (4) or more rounded indications shall be considered to be aligned when they touch a line parallel to the length of the weld drawn through the centre of two outer rounded indications. (Appendix 4, Para 4-2b; Appendix A, Para 250.2.2). Aligned tungsten indications regardless of size and length are to be repaired. 1.2.3. Thickness t: t is the thickness of the weld, excluding any allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld joining two members having different thickness at the weld, t is the thinner of these two thickness. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, the thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be included in t. (Appendix 4, Para 4.2c, Appendix A, Para 250.2.3) 12.4. Relevant Indications. Indications which exceed the following dimensions shall be considered relevant: 1/10 to for t < 1/8 1/64 For 1/8 = t = 1/4 1/32 for = t = 2 1/16 for t > 2 12.5. Maximum Size of rounded Indications shall be 1/4t or 5/32. Which ever is smaller, except that an isolated indication from an adjacent indication by 1 or more may be 1/3t, or which ever is less. For t greater than 2, the maximum permissible size of an isolated indication shall be increased to 3/8. 12.6. Clustered Indications: Indications are classified by their orientation and proximity to other indications, such indications can be isolated, aligned, random or clustered. Typically, clustered indications will have four (4) times the number of individual indications as that of random indications in a unit area. The following pictorials taken from the ASME Rounded indication Charts represents the maximum allowable for clustered or indications. For acceptance criteria determination in accordance with ASME Sec.1, ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1 ASME B31.1 and API 650, refer to the rounded indication. Charts given in Appendix A of ASME Sec 1 or Appendix 4 of ASME Sec. VIII, Div. 1. Clustered Tungsten inclusions are to be removed regardless of size. Appendix B:(Page 3 of 15)

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

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ASME Rounded Indication Charts Random The rounded indications characterized as imperfections shall not exceed that shown in the Rounded Indication Charts, Included as Appendices to ASME Sec. 1 or ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1 Typical Maximum

Clustered

Typical maximum

Examples of rounded and clustered indications above are not to be used for film interpretations, but are provided only as a reference. For acceptance or rejection of rounded indications, refer to the referenced code section. Rounded indication Charts listed herein. Special consideration should be given to the fact that photocopy reproduction may distort, enlarge or reduce the resulting image depending on the photocopy machine, optional settings, and quality of the originals. The charts for each thickness range represent full scale 6 radiograph, and the shall not be enlarged or reduced. Thickness t, (in.) Less than 1/8 1/8 3/16 5/16 3/8 7/16 9/16 5/8 11/16 to 2, incl. Over 2 Radiographic Indication Random Isolated t 1/3 t 0.031 0.042 0.047 0.063 0.063 0.083 0.078 0.104 0091 0.125 0.109 0.146 0.125 0.168 0.142 0.188 0.156 0.210 0.156 0.230 0.156 0.250 0.156 0.375 Maximum Size of NonRelevant Indication, (in.) 1/10 t 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.063

Rounded Indications Minimum Size of Acceptable Rounded Indications, in. (Porosity Charts are included from page 4 to page 9 of Appendix B)

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

L1

L2

Sum of L1 to Lx shall be less than 2 in a length of 12 L, Fig. 4.1 ALIGNED ROUNDED INDICATIONS

L2

L3

The sum of the group length shall be less than in a length of 12b Maximum Group Length L = in for less than in L=1/3 for in to 3.1/4 in L=3/4 in for greater than 2.14 in. Maximum Group Spacing 3L what L of the length of the longer adjustment group bring evalauated

Fig. 4.2 GROUPS OF ALIGNED ROUNDED INDICATIONS

3L3

L2

3L3

L3

3L3

L4

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Appendix B:(Page 4 of 15)

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

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Appendix B:(Page 5 of 15)

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

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Appendix B:(Page 6 of 15)

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

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Appendix B:(Page 7 of 15)

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

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Appendix B:(Page 8 of 15)

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

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Appendix B:(Page 9 of 15)

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

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Appendix B:(Page 10 of 15) 2 API 1104, ASME / ANSI B31.4, B31.8 The following table is applicable in determining the size and type of discontinuities when viewing radiographs for final acceptance in accordance with API 1104. Note: Acceptance / Rejection criteria for ASME /ANSI B31.4 and ASME / ANSI B31.8 is referred by these codes to API 1104.
INDICATION/DEFECT Inadequate Penetration Without High-Low (IP) Inadequate Penetration due to High Low (IPD) Inadequate Penetration (ICP) Cross CRITERIA Unacceptable if: 1. Length of an individual indication of 1P.1. 2. Aggregate length of indications of IP in any continuous 12 of weld > 1. 3. Aggregate length of indications of IP exceeds 8% in welds less than 12 in length. Unacceptable if: 1. Length of individual IPD > 2 2. Aggregate length of indications of IPD > 3 in any continuous 12 of weld. Unacceptable if: 1. Length of individual ICP > 2 2. Aggregate length of ICP in any continuous 12 length of weld > 2 Unacceptable if: 1. Length of an individual indication of IF > 1 2. Aggregate length of indication of IF in any 12 of weld > 1 3. Aggregate length of indications of IF > 8 % in welds less than 12 in length Unacceptable if: 1. Length of an individual IFD > 2. 2. Aggregate length of indications of IFD in any continuous 12 of weld > 2. 3. Aggregate length of indications of IFD > 8% of weld length. Acceptable provided RT image density < RT image density of thinnest adjacent base metal. Where image density > base metal density, refer to Burn-through criteria. Pipe OD > 2-3/8 Pipe OD < 2-3/8 Unacceptable if: Unacceptable if: 1. Maximum dimension. & image density > thinnest adjacent base metal. 2. Maximum dimension > thinner of nominal WT joined & image density > thinnest adjacent base metal. 3. Sum of maximum dimension of separate BTs whose image density exceeds the thinnest adjacent base metal > in 12 of welding or total weld which ever is greater. 1. Maximum dimension. & image density > thinnest adjacent base metal. 2. Maximum dimension > thinner of nominal WT joined & image density > thinnest adjacent base metal. 3. More than 1 BT of any size & image density of more than one > thinnest adjacent base metal.

Incomplete Fusion (IF)

Incomplete Fusion due to cold lap (IFD) Internal Concavity (IC)

Burn-Through (BT)

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

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Appendix B:(Page 11 of 15) 3 AWS D1.1 Radiographic acceptance criteria for AWS D1.1 are different for statically loaded and dynamically loaded structures. This AIP covers only statically loaded structures. For dynamically loaded structures, refer to the appropriate sections of AWS D1.1. If there is doubt as to the destination of statically or dynamically loaded, refer to the project engineer for determination. The radiographic film interpreter should confirm the loading classification prior to proceeding the interpretation of film. Rejection criteria for each classification are provided below. Note that to determine the allowable and rejectable size of discontinuities, the use of both the tables and charts are required. 3.1 Statistically Loaded Structures Discontinuities exceeding the following limitations shall be unacceptable
INDICATION Cracks Elongated Discontinuities Clearance between discontinuities Rounded Discontinuities REJECTION CRITERIA None permitted > Maximum size of chart 6-1 < Minimum clearance allowance of fig 6-1 > E/3 or for T 2 > E/3 or 3/8 for T > 2 Minimum clearance between a rounded discontinuity 3/32 to an acceptable rounded or elongated discontinuity or to an edge or end of an intersection shall be three (3) times the larger discontinuity. Sum of greatest dimension > maximum size of a single discontinuity permitted in Fig.6-1. Minimum clearance to another cluster or elongated discontinuity or to an edge or end of an elongated discontinuity or to an edge or end of an intersecting shall be three (3) times the larger discontinuity. Sum > 3/23 shall not exceed 2E/3 or 3/8 which ever is less in 1 of weld. Sum > E in any length of 6E, where length of weld is 6E, permissible sum shall be proportionately less. Individual Tungsten inclusions are to be evaluated as rounded indications (porosity).elongated or aligned tungsten inclusions are unacceptable.

Isolated Discontinuity i.e. a cluster of rounded indications Sum of individual discontinuities In-Line Discontinuities Tungsten Inclusions

REJECTION CRITERIA FOR STATISTICALLY LOADED STRUCTURES (AWS D1.1)

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

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Appendix B:(Page 12 of 15)

4. ASME B31.3

4.1 The type of weld joints and service conditions shall be considered to determine the method of NDE required table, inclusive of code required NDE methods, is to be used with its criterion notes and is included with this procedure for Radiographic Film interpretation. 4.2 Particular attention should be given to intended service when interpreting radiographic film for final acceptance. Criteria (A to M) for Weld type, for Service Conditions and For Required Inspection Methods Normal Fluid Service Severe Cyclic Conditions Category D Fluid Service Methods Types of Weld Method Types of Weld Method Types of Weld Longitudinal Groove (Note (2) Longitudinal groove (note (2) Sport of random radiography + Branch Connection (Note (4) A A B H A K M Branch connection (Note (4) Branch connection (Note (4)

Girth and Milter Groove

Girth and miler grooves

Girth and Miler Groove

Longitudinal Groove

100 % Radiography

Magnetic Particle

Liquid Penetrant

Fillet (Note (3)

Fillet (Note (4)

Kind of imperfection Visual

Crack Lack of Fusion Incomplete Penetration Internal Porosity Slag Inclusion, or Elongated Inclusion Undercutting Surface Porosity or Exposed Slag Indication Surface Finish Concave root surface (suck-up) Reinforcement of internal protrusion

X X X

X X X X X

A A B E G

A A A E G A A

A A NA NA NA H A K L

A A B E G H A

X X X

X X X X X

A A A D F A A J K L

A A A D F A A J K L

A A NA NA NA A A J K L

A A A D F A A J K L

X X X X X

A C C A A

A A A A A

A NA NA H A

X X H X A

X X X

X K NA X L L

X K X L X

X K X M

K NA M M

X = Required Examination

NA = Not Applicable

- = Not Required

Fillet Note (4)

Visual

Visual

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

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1-1/8 OR GREATER
1.
A. WELD SIZE OR EFFECTIVE THROAT, E.IN

Appendix B:(Page 13 of 15) MAX

5/8

To Determine The Maximum Size of Discontinuity Permitted in Any Joint or Weld Size, Project a horizontally To B. To Determine The Minimum Clearance Allowed Between Edges of Discontinuities of Any Size Greater Than or Equal to 3/32 in, Project B Vertically to C.

2.

7/8 1/2 5/8 3/8 1/8 1/8 0 1

C IN INCHES

3/8

1/4
B. MAXIMUM SIZE OF DISCONTINUITIES, IN (B=2/3 E)

1-1/4

1-1/2

1-3/4

2-1/4

29 OR GREATER
25
A. WELD SIZE OR EFFECTIVE THROAT, E.MM 1. 2. To Determine The Maximum Size of Discontinuity Permitted in Any Joint or Weld Size, Project a horizontally To B. To Determine The Minimum Clearance Allowed Between Edges of Discontinuities of Any Size Greater Than or Equal to 2 MM, Project B Vertically to C.

19 MAX
16

22 19

13 10 16 13 6 10 3 6 2 3 0 6 13 19 25
C IN MILLIMETERS C-minimum Clearance Measured Along the Longitudinal Axis of The Weld Between Edges of Porosity or Fusion Type Discontinuities (Larger of Adjacent Discontinuities Governs), or To an Edge or An End of An Intersecting Weld. C=38=2E Weld Quality Requirements For Elongated Discontinuties as Determined by Radiography For Statistically Loaded Structures. B. MAXIMUM SIZE OF DISCONTINUITIES, MM (B=2/3 E)

32

38

44

50

57

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

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Appendix B:(Page 14 of 15) 4.3 Acceptance Criteria (For Table on Appendix B, Page 12 of 15)
Symbol A B Measure Extent of Imperfection Depth of Incomplete Penetration Cumulative Length of Lack of Fusion and Incomplete Penetration Depth of lack of fusion and incomplete penetration Cumulative length of lack of fusion and incomplete penetration (Note 7) Size and Distribution of Internal Porosity Size and Distribution of Internal Porosity Slag inclusion or elongated indication Individual Length Individual Width Slag inclusion or elongated indication Individual Length Individual Width Cumulative Length Depth of Undercut Depth of Undercut Surface Roughness Depth of root surface concavity Height of reinforcement or internal protrusion in any plane through the weld shall be within limits of the applicable height value in the tabulation at right. Weld metal shall merge smoothly into the component surfaces. Height of reinforcement or Internal Protrusion (note 8) Tungsten Inclusions Acceptable Value Limits (Note 6) Zero (no evident imperfection) 1/32 in. (0.8 mm) and 0.2 Tw 1.5 in. (38 mm) in any 6 in. (150 mm) weld length 0.2 Tw 1.5 in (38 mm) in any 6 in. (150 mm) weld length See BPV Code, Section VIII, Division 1 Appendix 4 For Tw in. (6.4 mm), limit is same as D For Tw > in. (6.4 mm), limit is 1.5 x D Tw/3 3/32 in. (2.4 mm) and Tw/3 Tw in any 12 Tw weld Length 2 Tw 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) and Tw/2 4 Tw in any 6 in. (150 mm) weld length 1/32 in. (0.8 mm) and Tw/4 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) and Tw/4 or 1/32 in (0.8 mm) < 500 min. Ra per ASME B46.1 Total joint thickness include Weld Reinf.. Tw For Tw in. (mm) Height in. (mm) (6.4) 1/16 (1.6) > (6.4) (12.7) 1/8 (3.2) > 912.7) (25.4) 5/32 (4.0) > 1 (25.4) 3/16 (4.8) Limit is twice the value applicable for L above to be evaluated as rounded indications. Elongated or aligned tungsten inclusions are unacceptable.

D E F

H I J K L

Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Criteria given are for required examination. More stringent criteria may be specified in the engineering design. Longitudinal groove weld includes straight and spiral seam. Criteria are not intended to apply welds in accordance with a standard listed in table A-1 or Table 326.1 of ASME B31.1 Fillet Weld includes socket and seal welds, and attachment for slip-on flanges and branch reinforcement. Branch connection weld includes pressure-containing welds in branches and fabricated laps. these imperfections are evaluated only for weld 3/16 in. (5 mm) in nominal thickness. where two limiting values are separated by and the lesser of the values determines acceptable. Where two sets of values are separated by or the larger value is acceptable. Tightly butted unfused root faces are unacceptable. For groove welds, height is the lesser of the measurements made from the surfaces of the adjacent components. For filler welds, height is measured from the theoretical throat.