Common name/ Brand name/ Old name

Sal Sedativum Hombergi Boracic Acid Eye Mo Baush and Lomb Soothing Eye Wash

Official COMPOUND Boric Acid, NF

Chemical Formula
H3BO3

Official PREPARATION
Boric Acid Ointment Boric Acid Solution
(Soine and Wilson, 1967, 126)

Pharmaceutic/ Pharmacologic Use

Used as topical antiinfective, Eyewash Dusting Powder in Infants Pharmaceutic necessity for Boroglycerin Glycerite, as suppository base

Mechanism of Action

NOTES
Non-Pharmaceutic Use: Pesticide against ants and cockroaches. 2.2% solution is isotonic with lacrimal fluid Antiseptic-weak bacteriostatic agent Precipitating Germicide Saturated Solution (4.5%) as bacteriostatic eye wash Decline use due to Toxicity and low antimicrobial action of boric acid Official ID test of Borate:

Borax

Sodium Borate, NF

Na2B4O7 10H2O

Weakly Bacteriostatic Protein Precipitant Pharmaceutic necessity: Alkalinizing Agent Externally: As Eyewash, Buffer Water-softener promotes lathering Aromatic Sodium Perborate, NF
(Soine and Wilson, 1967, 255)

Not used internally: boiled lobster appearance Erythematous Hydrogen Peroxide?

Sodium Perborate
(unofficial)

NaBO3 4H2O

Oxidizing type of local antiinfective

Boromycin

Anti-HIV activity in vitro

The first natural product that contains Boron. Isolated from an actinomycete Streptomyces antibioticus (structure of boromycin in hand-out)

Jimenez, James P. BS Pharmacy

Common name/ Brand name/ Old name

Driclor

Official COMPOUND

Chemical Formula

Official PREPARATION

Pharmaceutic/ Pharmacologic Use

Employed on skin as astringent and anhydrotic Used in the treatment of Soggy athletes foot, to promote drying and enhance efficacy of antifungal drugs Treatment of Hyperhydrosis of palms, soles and axillae

Mechanism of Action
Aluminum has the property of constricting the blood vessels. More concentrated solutions precipitate proteins and therefore have antiseptic properties

NOTES
As Antiperspirant, the basic salt (aluminum chlorohydroxide) is preferred Al2Cl(OH)5 Less irritating Causes less deterioration on clothing compared to aluminum chloride. Used at concentrations of 6.25% to 30% solutions. Concentrations below 15% has low incidence of irritation Concentration above 15% are caustic Available in a variety of 25 %( anhydrous) salt formulations that differ in the ratio of aluminum to chlorine, as well as in complexes with polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol. Applied to the axilla in 2.5-25% cake (stick) ointment, solution (roll-on) or suspension Less acidic compared to aluminum chloride hence less irritating to skin Do not stain fabrics in contact with treated skin

Aluminum Chloride, USP

AlCl36H2O or anhydrous

Nivea Rexona Dove Ban

Aluminum Chlorohydrate, USP

Consist of a complex basic aluminum chloride that is polymeric and loosely hydrated and encompasses a range of aluminum-to-chlorine atomic ratios bet. 1.91:1 and 2.10:1

Aluminum Chlorohydrate Solution, USP

Solvents used: water, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol or alcohol

Pharmacologic Use: Used in antiperspirant products.

Safe and effective at concentrations 25% or less

Antiperspirant activity and anti-odour activity due to inhibiting growth of gram-negative bacteria on the skin surface.

Aluminum Chlorohydrex Polyethylene Glycol, USP

Consists of aluminum chlorohydrate in w/c some of the water of hydration have been replaced by polyethylene glycol

Cont. of Official Prep. Aluminum Chlorohydrex Propylene Glycol, USP

A complex of aluminum chlorohydrate and propylene glycol in w/c some of the waters of hydration of aluminum chlorohydrate have been replaced by propylene glycol

Jimenez, James P. BS Pharmacy

Common name/ Brand name/ Old name

Official COMPOUND

Chemical Formula

Official PREPARATION

Pharmaceutic/ Pharmacologic Use

Mechanism of Action

NOTES

Aluminum Dichlorohydrate, USP

A complex basic aluminum chloride that is polymeric and loosely hydrated and encompasses a range of aluminum-to-chlorine atomic ratios bet. 0.90:1 and 1.25:1

Aluminum Dichlorohydrate Solution, USP Aluminum Dichlorohydrex Polyethylene Glycol, USP Aluminum Dichlorohydrex Propylene Glycol, USP

Used as an antiperspirant.

Aluminum Sesquichlorohydrate , USP

A complex basic aluminum chloride that is polymeric and loosely hydrated and encompasses a range of aluminum-to-chloride atomic ratios bet. 1.26:1 and 1.90:1

Aluminum Sesquichlorohydrate Solution, USP Aluminum Sesquichlorohydrex Polyethylene Glycol, USP Aluminum Sesquichlorohydrex Propylene Glycol, USP

Used as an antiperspirant.

Jimenez, James P. BS Pharmacy

Common name/ Brand name/ Old name

Cake Alum Patent Alum Pearl Alum Pickle Alum Papermakers Alum

Official COMPOUND

Chemical Formula

Official PREPARATION
No Official Preparation in USP 30/NF25
Combination preparation:

Pharmaceutic/ Pharmacologic Use

Powerful astringent like alum Used as Local Antiperspirant Pharmaceutic necessity for Aluminum Subacetate Solution, USP

Mechanism of Action

NOTES
Solutions are usually buffered with sodium aluminum lactate to lessen irritating effect on skin. Used in water purification in Alum Flocculation Process Applied to skin as 8% solution
Buffered aluminum sulfate (8% aluminum sulfate buffered with 8% sodium aluminum lactate) is effective and non-irritating to skin

Aluminum Sulfate, USP

Al2(SO4)3 xH2O
varying amounts of water of crystallization or anhydrous

Aluminum Sulfate and Calcium Acetate Tablets for Topical Solution, USP
Contains Aluminum Sulfate tetradecahydrate and Calcium Acetate Monohydrate

Aluminum Zirconium Chlorohydrate

Used topically as antihydrotics on the axillae in concentrations not exceeding 20% Drugs used to treat hyperhydrosis (excessive perspiration) of planar (hand) and plantar (foot) surfaces but not axillae surfaces Aluminum Zirconium Octachlorohydrate Solution, USP
Suitable solvent includes: water, propylene glycol or dipropylene glycol

Associated w/ sarcoid-like granulomas and allergic reactions. Not used in aerosol-type antiperspirants (banned since 1977)
Dangers associated w/ long term inhalation of zirconium compounds Glutaraldehyde (2-10% buffered solution) Formaldehyde (5-30% solutions) Methenamine (5% stick or 10% solution) Scopolamine hydrobromide (0.025% solution)

Aluminum Zirconium Octachlorohydrate, USP

A polymeric, loosely hydrated complex of basic aluminum zirconium chloride that encompasses a range of aluminum-tozirconium atomic ratios bet. 6.0:1 and 10.0:1 and a range of (aluminum+zirconium)-to-chloride atomic ratios bet. 1.5:1 and 0.9:1

Jimenez, James P. BS Pharmacy

Common name/ Brand name/ Old name

Official COMPOUND

Chemical Formula

Official PREPARATION

Pharmaceutic/ Pharmacologic Use

Mechanism of Action

NOTES
A derivative of aluminum zirconium octachlorohydrate in w/c some of the water molecules have been displaced by glycine, calcium glycinate, magnesium glycinate, potassium glycinate, sodium glycinate, or zinc glycinate. A polymeric loosely hydrated complex of basic aluminum zirconium chloride that encompasses a range of aluminum-tozirconium atomic ratios bet. 6.0:1 and 10.0:1 and a range of (aluminum + zirconium)-to-chloride atomic ratios bet. 2.1:1 and 1.51:1

Aluminum Zirconium Octachlorohydrex Gly, USP Aluminum Zirconium Pentachlorohydrate, USP

Aluminum Zirconium Octachlorohydrex Gly Solution, USP

Solvent: water, propylene glycol or dipropylene glycol

Aluminum Zirconium Pentachlorohydrate Solution, USP

Aluminum Zirconium Pentachlorohydrex Gly, USP Aluminum Zirconium Tetrachlorohydrate, USP

Aluminum Zirconium Pentachlorohydrex Gly Solution, USP A polymeric loosely hydrated complex of basic aluminum zirconium chloride that encompasses a range of aluminum-tozirconium atomic ratios bet. 2.0:1 and 5.99:1 and a range of (aluminum + zirconium)-to-chloride atomic ratios bet. 1.5:1 and 0.9:1
A polymeric loosely hydrated complex of basic aluminum zirconium chloride that encompasses a range of aluminum-to-zirconium atomic ratios bet. 2.0:1 and 5.99:1 and a range of (aluminum + zirconium)-to-chloride atomic ratios bet. 2.1:1 and 1.51:1

Aluminum Zirconium Tetrachlorohydrate Solution, USP

Aluminum Zirconium Trichlorohydrate, USP

Aluminum Zirconium Trichlorohydrate Solution, USP

Jimenez, James P. BS Pharmacy

Common name/ Brand name/ Old name

Official COMPOUND

Chemical Formula

Official PREPARATION

Pharmaceutic/ Pharmacologic Use

Mechanism of Action

NOTES
Aluminum Zirconium Tetrachlorohydrex Gly Common cause of armpit stains on clothing (the reaction of the compound w/ sweat causes the yellowish stain on clothing)

Aluminum Zirconium Trichlorohydrex Gly, USP Alums

Alumen Alumen Purificatum Purified Alum Ammonium Alum, USP Potassium Alum, USP

Aluminum Zirconium Trichlorohydrex Gly Solution, USP Powerful astringent in acidic conditions Slightly antiseptic Bacteriostasis through liberation of acid during hydrolysis Styptic

Ammonium alum: AlNH4(SO4)212H2O

Cheaper

Potassium alum: AlK(SO4)212H2O

Making astringent solutions and douches Yields, for each 100mL, not less than 2.30g and not more than 2.60g of Al2O3, and not less than 5.43g and not more than 6.13g of CH3COOH. It may be stabilized by the addition of not more than 0.9g of boric acid A magma is obtained

Aluminum Subacetate Topical Solution, USP

Liquor Burowii Burows Solution

Aluminum Acetate Topical Solution, USP

Jimenez, James P. BS Pharmacy

Jimenez, James P. BS Pharmacy