Lecture 8 : The Maritime Revolution Outline:

2010 DR. JENNY JEMMOTT

1. Meaning and significance of the Maritime Revolution to Iberian Expansion (a) Definition of Maritime Revolution (b) Portugal = the pioneer in the M. Revolution (c) Iberian exploration = underway before the Maritime Revolution, but the developments of made more extensive Iberian expansion possible. (d) Extent of Portuguese expansion prior to maritime Revolution 2. Obstacles to extensive Iberian expansion prior to maritime revolution: (a) Square rigged ships / disadvantage of Square sail (b) Dependence of large crew of oarsmen (c) Lack of effective navigational instruments (d) Wind systems off the West African Coast. 3. Summary of Factors which contributed to the occurrence of the Maritime Rev. in the Mid 15th Century (a) Renaissance Spirit (b) Support of Prince Henry Sagres (c) Incentive of access to even greater wealth gold of West Africa, Luxury trade of Far East (d) Portugals geographical location 4. Main innovations of the Maritime Revolution (a) Ship building techniques carvel planking; round-bottomed ships; addition of rudder (b) The Lateen sail advantages (c ) Improvements to compass; use of the astrolabe and quadrant (d ) Tables of latitude Zacuto (e) Improvements in cartography

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Lecture 9 : Iberian Expansion in Africa and the Atlantic up to 1492 1. Why was Portugal classified as the Atlantic Pioneer?? (R.Davis) 2. Factors which made it possible for Portugal to become the Atlantic Pioneer. (a) Geographical location (b) Impact of Portuguese fisheries on Portuguese maritime experience. ( C) emergence of mercantile middle class and impact on expansion (d) Earlier completion of reconquest (e) Support of Prince Henry (f) Available manpower in Seaport towns (g) Portuguese exports = A source of Venture Capital (h) Presence of Italian & Jewish merchants = also sources of Venture Capital. 3. Motives for Iberian Expansion in Africa and the Atlantic (a) Economic (b) Religious (c ) Politcal 4. Summary of Iberian Expansion in Africa and the Atlantic up to 1492.

Sect 4 See Reading list for Lectures 8 and 9