ISIRI - 12978 Building Conc Structures

YY{Y|ZfY
YYYm
ISIRI
Islamic Republic of Iran
12978
YYfcZve{Y|ZfYR

1st. Edition
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran
Y_Zq

f]ZZYmY

Execution of concrete structures
ICS:91.080.40
Y|y Z]
YY f cZve {Y|ZfY R Z] ZM
{Y|ZfY R cY Y sY Z {Z |] \m ] YY f cZve {Y|ZfY R
Z{Y|ZfY |e ,e dY m Ze Z ] [ ,YY f cZve
.{Y{ | ] Y YY

cZR Y Y \uZ RZZZ Y \ Z { fz Z u { {Y|ZfY |e
,|e Y] me Z] tZ Z] Z { ZnY ê ZM {ZfY |e ,a ,
,Z| ,Z||e Z , u ZûZ Z ZZM dZ Y dY Zne Z
a. { Zu f{ f{ Z ZZ ,Z{Z ,ze Y ,Z| {Y Z|{Z
Y a { ZY ] Z ZY } mY ] Yy Y] YY Z{Y|ZfY
YY ) {Y|ZfY Y ] \e c { s f M Z] ê f { Z{Za Z dZ{
.{ f _Zq
| e | e ]Y dZ Z] s} | Z ZZ cZR Z{Y|ZfY a
,\ee |]. { f _Zq YY {Y|ZfY Y ] ,\e c{ ] s f{
f { |e Z YY {Y|ZfY { | f {Z ZY ] { e Z{Y|ZfY
.|Z] | \e ] |{ e {Y|ZfY R ] {Y|ZfY

Y ] (ISO) {Y|ZfY Y ] ZZ Y ZY Y YY f cZve {Y|ZfY R
| ]Y Ze Y] dY (OIML) Z Z Y|Y Y ] ZZ (IEC)efY
Z |Z Y ] me YY Z{Y|ZfY |e {.| dZ { (CAC)Y~
.{ ] Z] Z{Y|ZfY Zm f , Zfa yM Y , Zy
Y dZu Y] ,Z { | ] a Y dZ Z] |Ye YY f cZve {Y|ZfY R
v d cZu cv d Y ZY u , { Y d u ,Z|
\e Z] ,eY{Y Y Z / yY{ |e cv Y] Y YY Z{Y|ZfY Y ]YmY ,{ZfY
YmY , cv Y] Y ] ZYZ] u ] |Ye R |Z Z^mY,{Y|ZfY Z Y
Y Z| {ZfY ] |z] ZY Y] r |Z Z^mY Y M |]m{ eY{Z ZZ {Y|ZfY
d d| Z f Y| ,Z] ,M ,Z { Z cZR ZZ Z cZ|y
Z ZZ Y {Y|ZfY R , n Z nYY^Z Y Z ZZM ,vd d|
|Pe ZY , Y YuY c { | ]ZY YY du |Pe Z ]Y ZY ] Y cZR
Z nYY^Z ,ZZ Y ] Zf{ le. | cZ ZM { ] ZY Z M ] du
Y Z { Y YY Z{Y|ZfY t ZeY Y] {]ZcZve ZnY Z^Y cY Z e ,n
.dY R
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
YYfcZve{Y|ZfY
1- International organization for Standardization

2 - International Electro technical Commission
3- International Organization for Legal Metrology (Organization International de Metrology Legal)
4 - Contact point
5 - Codex Alimentarius Commission
[
{Y|ZfY|e
f]ZZYmY

|ZZ dW
ZnZ]}MfcZve{Y|ZfYY{YY,Y
Y||YZZ
]{
ê|YZd}M,ê
Y|ZZ
Z^Yu\ee]ZYLZY
ê|uYY{YMZY{dXZ,{Y
Z|YZZ

Y|uYY{YMZY{dX{,Z]Z]a
ZnZ]}MZfYZfyZ|ZZZ|dXY||YZZ

ZaYZdZ,]|YZ
Y|ZZ

ZnZ]}M^]ZZcZve|,|Y|^
ZZ

ZnZ]}MfcZve{Y|ZfYY{YZZ,u
Y||YZZ

ZnZ]}MfcZve{Y|ZfYY{Y|,Zn|
|YZZ

ê|YZd|,ZnZ
k
Y|ZZ

Z|uYY{YMZY{dX|,a
Y||YZZ

YYfcZve{Y|ZfYZ,^fn
{Y|ZZ

ZMZeZZZMZ,Z
Y|ZZ

f]^d|,{Z]M
Y|ZZ

{

Zfa
{Y|Zf/YZZe]Z{Maf]ZZYmY{Y|ZfY
{Y|Zf/Y//f/mY/{d/|/Za{||eeYYfcZve
{Z//|/]{Zf/Y/]Y,dYfY\e{ xZeZZ
Y],Z][,YYfcZve{Y|ZfYRcYYsYZ
{fYY{Y|ZfY
,cZ|/y/,Z{ZmZdacveZ]ZZuY]
eZsYY]{Za||Yy||ne{YYZ{Y|ZfY
]Z/]d|YyYme{]{||neZ,{WYYZ{Y|ZfYY
{{ZfYZ{Y|ZfY||neyMYY|Z],Y

dYs]fY{ZfY{{Y|ZfYYeY]~yZ^
ISO 22966,2009: Execution of concrete structures.

f]ZZYmY

{]ZY{|
Y/]cZYYM{]Zf]ZZYmYY]cZYYYY,{Y|ZfYY|eY|
dYfyZaZY{ZfYZ]ZZfyZYmYZm{ZZ
dYYYZyZ]]ZycZYYZZ],{Y|ZfYYZY]
{Y{{]ZdY{ZZY]{Y|ZfYY
{]ZZ],|WYYYmY]]{YcZfZZYcZYYYe,c{
{Y{Y|{Y
-^ZY|Z]f]
-ZmtZZZY|Z{tZ
-M ZyZe]]ZuY
{Y|{]Z{YY]{Y|ZfYY
-|Z]ZfyZYmY]Y]ZcYneY]f]ZYY
-f]Z^Y|e,Z[
-|fyZ,vZ{Y|ZfY]ZfyZaf]Z|e_
-hZizYcZYYZ,YmYdYZ^mc
zZYY]ZdXZ{Y{YWZg
YYmY
|]dY|{Y{ZmYZM]YY{Y|ZfYYf{dYeYZuYYY|
{[vYY{Y|ZfYYYWmcYM\ee
M|/]Z/|/|neZ/uY,|Z]|{Y{ZmYZfYxZe}Z]|]e{
|/{Y{ZmYZM]ZfYxZe}|]Y|{{dYY{Y|ZfYY{
dY{M|]ZuY||neyM Y,dY
dYYY{Y|ZfY{]ZY]mYY{ZfY
2-1 ISO 6934 (all parts), Steel for the prestressing of concrete.
2-2 ISO 6935-1, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Part 1: Plain bars
2-3 ISO 6935-2, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Part 2: Ribbed bars
1 in-situ

2-4 ISO 15630-1, Steel for the reinforcement and prestressing of concrete Test methods
Part 1: Reinforcing bars, wire rod and wire.
2-5 ISO 17660-1, Welding Welding of reinforcing steel Part 1: Load-bearing welded
joints.
2-6 ISO 17660-2, Welding Welding of reinforcing steel Part 2: Non-load-bearing
welded joints
2-7 ISO 22965-1, Concrete Part 1: Methods of specifying and guidance for the specifier
2-8 ISO 22965-2, Concrete Part 2; Specification of constituent materials, production of
concrete and compliance of concrete.
ZecZuY
{Z]cZuYZe,{Y|ZfYY{

|]da
{Y{\ZZeZ]eY]Yd]Y{Y{s{|\{

|]eZMy
Ze Zj Y ] ,|]eZM Z ] d { v Y] {ZfY {

Y{{ZZeZM

ZfyZZZ
{ZudyZcZYZ{fyZq
YmY Z Z Z dyZ ] { Z Y Y | ZZ ZZfyZ cZ^ Y M{Z
{Y{ZYZfyZZfyZ

|Z
ZZnZZ

1 Back-propping
2- Chair for reinforcement
3- Construction works
4 Constructor

\Z
fyZaZY\Y]Z{cZYYZ{Y{,Z|{acY|f

YmY
f/],|/]eZM,|]\Z,d]Y{,|y,ZeY]|ZnYZdZZe
MZ|fZ]fyZaZ\,M,

YmY{
{mZZc]ZZYmYY]cZYY||]{n

YmYZ
ZyaYmYY]cZYYZ{Y{,ZZe|{acY|f
|Z]sYe|YYZYmYY]cY|fm]]d|,YmYZM{Z
cYr{Y|ZfYYcZYYdu|ZeeY]|eaZZ {Y{d{
|Z]]

d]Y{
dZeY{yZZeZYfY]êY{]]Z]Y]ZeZdZe

|]\Z
]{ZZZe{ \Z{Z]Y]YM ,|fzf] Y],Y{Zd Z

{Y{YM,|Z^{yY|
dY,|Y{YZetZf]ZZeZetZZ|]\ZM{Z
1 Erection specification
2 Execution
3 Execution class
4 Execution specification
5- Falsework
6 Formwork

Z]
\ZnZM,Y|YZ]YcZ|Z]Z^Y]ZY

Z]
{Z]ZZnY{|Z]uYZ|tecY|f

ZnYvY
ZfmY|YY|Y{|u]Zn^mcZfyY

fyZaf]
fyZZYZyZ|eZvYv{|M|fyZf]
ZZ{|
|Z fyZaf] Y] ,Z{Y|ZfYZ]]Z||efyZaf] M{Z
{Z]fyZafyZacYZ^ZfyY],{Y|ZfYY{|

a
|{sYZyaY]{]Z]ZcZYY,a|

ds
{Z]ZyacZYY{M]]Ze|Z]ê]ZZe|
|mYZ{Y|ZfY]ZZYY]M{Z

1 Inspection
2- Method statement
3- Permitted deviation
4- Precast concrete element
5- Project specification
6 Quality plan

my
YmYZ{êZdY]|ey

Ziy
dZZfyZ~afY]|uYZfyZ{{Za]fZ]y
ZfyZZ

Y|Z
eZM\Z]tvZuY]fZ]

|Zet
,dZ],|Yf]tZe

dZ
ZeZ{Y]|uYZ

Y{Y
Y|YeZa|uY|YeZ]|u]fyY
||]^c]fyZaf]ZY]|ZY{YM{Z
-|eZY{Y
-Z\YZZ{]Y,{]{,d]]|ZY{Y,\ZY{Y
\Y{Yv{dyZY{Y,|eZY{Y\e |ZY{Y,dyZZY{Y
dY
1 Reference line
2 Secondary line
3- Spacer
4 Surface finish
5- Temporary structure
6- Tolerance

Zn ZYvYYYn ] {mYZ] ZY,dYd|]Y| Y{Y M{Z

dYY{YY|Y]Z],{Z]d^j

ZY{Y
dYY|e|cZYvYY]Za|u
-|{M]YuYcZ
|ZuYYmYZZ{ZcZYYZ
{|Z{Y{Y,ZY{Y,{Y|ZfYY{M{Z

ZyY{Y
ZY{YYY{Y

ZZ
|Y|{Y{sYmYZ{|fYZf]ZdyZZZYz]M
YmYd|
cZ
{{Y{Y|ZfYY{
-ZZms]f{d]Z
{ZY^ZYmY|YedYZZ]cZY{|ad|
cYneYtv{ZfY {]|]YZZ|ZZ |YedYZZd|
{ZYZZveZeMY{ZfY]ZZYmY,dZ]tZ,ZZf{
{ZnYZYZ,fyZaZY{ZfYc{
-]Z{Y|ZfY]]ZfyZaZs]f{
-ZZ{|fyZYmYfyZaZ]Zs]f{
-\Yf{Z]fyZaZZ
\efdY|Y]\d|]f{
1- Normal tolerance
2- Special tolerance
3- works
4- Execution management

Z YmYY]Z ]Z cYnecZZ]Z,dY|{Y|ZfYY{

{ZnY,YmYZcZYY{Y|ZfYY]Z
{mfzZZ{y{ZZ]neM,Y{t{{YcZYY,Z]{M{Z
{Y{
{YZjY],|dZ Y Z{Y|ZfYcY]Y ,|ZdY|

-dd|
,|{ZnYY{Y|ZfYYe|{Y{afzZdZZZdu|Ze
-ZfyZfY|]YcY
vdZ^m
{dY|uY]eYaZ dY|{Y|ZfYY{
]aZfZZZZ{ Z ]]Zf{Y] {Y{ZfY
{YY||sZ]{,Y|
Z|f
YmYZ
|Z]ZZYdM]]YmYZ,ZZYz]YmYY^
{Yf{{|e
{|ZnYmYZ{|Z]ZfYZa
-{Y|ZfYY]ZmY
-êcYZ{Y|ZfYZ]ZmY
cZYY |Ze e Y] Zy a Y] cZYY cZY | YY a Z
-|Z]|eZ]{|dcY|f
YmYY]{ZYZZ
|Z]YmYZ{M{mdYdYeZYcZYYdZuY|mM{Z
{{YY]|Z],ê{Y{,]
-^Ye{cZYY{Zm{Y{ZnY
ZZ{{ZfY{{ZYdîe,e
ds
{ ZZ { |Z] M ,dY | YY YmY Z { d s {Y {
{Yf{

sZ{]{YZdZZe|Z]fY{{mfsdY
|Z]|eYmY]ZfzZdZuYY]ZY|mZsZ]
YmYdîZ|f
, Y|m { YmY |]{ Y] | z Y ] , cZY YY Z] |Z] dî
{ZnY,dYz
ZydîZ|f
|Z]|Z]YmYZ{|Z]Z|fY|Y,|Z]ZyZ|fY
dd|
YmYZ{
ZY,dY|ZYmYZ ]ZdyZYY|Z]ZZ]cZ
|Zu
d |Yy Z ] vZ cv Yy Z^Y |Ze ] f Y { Z]
{Y{ZY,ZZYmYZ]
dz,{e{Y{]Z]Z]dd|Y]cZYY
|]ZYY]{Y|YY
-YmY{
-YmY{
YmY{
fZ] ZyZetZZZYmY,ZZ]dYYmY{
|ZY,YmYY]
{Z],YmYZ{|Z]{ZfY{YmY{
{]{YZ]nZZfYY]]cY{Y|ZfYY
Z]{Y|ZfYY{rMY]dYdd|ZcZYYf]cZWm
|Z]|Z]YmYZ{{
|YYdd|Y]Z{[daM{Z
cvtZZ]
dY|YY|m{YmYZZ]Z^YY]Z]cZYY

cvtZZ]|m
YmY{
YmY{
YmY{
Z|]]Z
{Z
\Z,d]Y{Y]tZ
dZZ|]
a
|]]Z
|]eZM{
|]]Z
{Z]|Z^{Y{
Z|]]Z

|Z]{m|Z]ve]{ZMf]{{
|eaZZYmY
Z{ZMz,Zef]
ac
ZZ{fyY
YmYZ]Z
cZZ
ab
Z|]]Z

dYYY
dYY
fyZaZ
Z]Y
/Z]/]/ve/Y|Z]Y|{ZmYe||ZeZddYY{cva
Z/{ZnY,MZZ]vd]ZfY]f]Z]|Z],{Y{|fq
{YYmYZe]Z~aMZ]{|Z]cv
|{YmY|ZeZ,ZjY]b
{fMe|Z]]Yy,{Z]Zf]Yc
YmYZ]
dY|YYY|m{YmYZZ]Z^YY]Z]cZYY
Z]cZYY|m
YmY{
YmY{
YmY{
YmYZ]
|]{|YYcZYY]Z \Z,d]Y{ Y] tZ

dZZ|]
|]{|YYcZYY]Z
|cZ
|]{|YYcZYY]Z
Y|f|]eZM
|]{|YYcZYY]Z Z ] { Y { |Z^ |ea|]eZM

{
|]{|YYcZYY]Z \Z ZZ u
f]M|]
|]{|YYcZYY]Z fyZaZ\
YmYZ]Z
dYY
|fyZ|

Z]Z|f|m
YmY{
YmY{
YmY{
qZ]
ZZZeeZ]
]Z]dY]
|fZY{
Y|YqZ]
|ZZ
|ZZ
Y|YqZ]
{ZeZ
Z]
Z]{y
|Z]ZZ]
ZZYcZYY
aYmY
Z]{y
]ZZ]
|Z
fvZYcZYY
YmYZ
Z]{y
ZnYYZ]f
|{
|Z],Z]{y]
|ZZ]
{ZnYZZ
|Z],Z]{y]
|ZZ]
{ZnYZZ
ZZ
Y|
dYYY
dYY
Z]Y
YmYZ]Z
dYY
|fyZ|
Z^Y|{Y|Y
ZYeZYYZYY]\ZY|Y|Z],|Z]Z^Y||{ZZ] Y
{ZnY,{Y{Ys]ZYmY
{]||]df{]Z|Z]Z^m
-uY{|Y]{\Z|]YmY]Z^Y|Z|ZaY
-m~a]ZdyZY]Y|Y[
e]ZZm{c_
{|Z] ]Z|Z]Z^Y|tve,YmYZ{YYc{
{ZnY,Ye]ZZYmYZ
|]\Zd]Y{
ZacZYY
|fyZuY|Z]ZMZaZZeZ|]\Zd]Y{
-|fYZeYdyZ|M]a]Z]Y]{dZd]ZY
qZb{]z]dZZ|zY{YYYZYY]Zf [
{YiZedveZ
d]Y{,|]\ZfY{]Z{iY{|Z^Y{ZZY{ Z,{Z,
|^]\MZ|[Yy|]da

Z |Z] fY{ d]Z ,ê Z{Y|ZfY Z {Y|ZfY Y Z] |Z] |]\Z d]Y{
{cZîY{{]ZY]M{]\Z
dY|YYd]Y{|]\ZY]Z{_da{M{Z
Y]Ye,{Y{d]ZdcYneZZZY]|eZ{Y|ZfY Z] Y |]\Zd]Y{M{Z
d{{Y|ZfYYcZYY|{M]
tZ
cZ
Z|]{|YYYZ]Y,MY{ZfYY]{]Z]YeYvZ
|c{,Z|Z]]Z]v{Y|ZfYZ]tZ{e{Z{M]Y
{fMcZz{Z]]tZ,{Y|ZfY{m
|ZY
,f]]|fZ]|[ZzfY v] |Z],{]Zc{,|ZY

fY|Y{Z]MZiZe|Z\M|]\ZZ|ea{,|]eZM{
|Z]
|]ZaZY{Ztd,]YfYyZiZe|Z^,|ZY
|Z]fY{
d]Y{\uY
{Y{YYY|f~auY{|Z]Z],YmYZeYYc{
y,e,ucZYY|Z]| teYZ|]daZdZZ{Y|m\
|zY|q]|]{,{Z],Y~Z],|
eYmY]f]Y|]ef{Z]|Z]d]Y{uY
{ZnY,Zef]{MZ{y
|uY|af]fYe|Z^d]Y{
Z{ZdeZeZYfZ^fa|Z|ZeY{Zsf
|Z]YmYZ{|Z]eZYYq,|Z]ZyZ,ZeZZ
|]\Z\uY
{Y|m\,ZeZ|Z],YmYZeYYc{,Z]
|]{,{Z],Y~Z],|y,ZeY,e,ucZYY|Z]M|teYZZ
|zY|q]
{dZY|Y]Ze{Y{|fYy{Yf]|Z]\Z

|Z]vZ|u],ZY{Z{Y|uY]|Z]cZeY\Z
|Z]Y]Z],|eZMYzêZ|[~mYf][MYme]Z{Z\Z{Y{ZfuY
||YZz{Y{m,{ZnY^ZY|Y f]Y[MkyZ]
|Z]
e Y] ,YmYZZY]\Ze{|Z]e|Z]\ZyY{t
|zZZat|Z]|Z]\Zs,{YYd]Zf]s
|Z]]Zf{]Z
{|Z],|Z]|ZeZyt|Z,|ZeY{ZuYe{
{Z]YmYZ
Ze]YZ dZe|Z,|ZeY{ZuYe{
{Z]YmYZ{|Z],|Z]
{Y{|aYf]fYe|Z^\Z
|{Y|Y\ZtZYy|Z]ZZuY,\ZY{ZfYc {
|{ZnY,ZZ|fY]eY|e
|]\Z
{YYYmYZ{|Z]cZYY
|YmYZ\ZY~Zm
cZ
e|\Z,]ZcZZdY{,Z{|Z,v{\ZY|Y]dY~Zm
|Z]fY{YY|Z]|YmYZ
vZ|u],|uf]Y{y|edZMYYZYY]
-|d]Zi
-{Y{y]Y]{^ZdZv
-|Z]fY{ZfdZ,f]cZ{yuY]
-{ZY,|Mtm,|zf]a
-|YZ]~a]ZcZY|Y
-|{Y|eaZ|]eZM{,f]Z]MZ]
-|{ZnYz|ZetY]
-|{Y{YYYZY{YmY{]
|m,Zef]\ZYeY~ZmY

dZuZY{\Z{ZnY
Z vf]]^cZzZ]vZZ],|Z]dZZY]{ZfY{ ZuZY{

|aYmYZ]Z
d]Y{\Z{Z]
|Z],dY{\YZdZf]ZZe|Z^\Z|]da,d]Y{
-||]wZM{Y|mdYf]t]\MYmY]
-uM{f]]|ZYcZY|YZnYY]
-YmYZZ{Y|ZfYY{|zYvYY]yYmY]
Y[McYiYYZ\MYmY]
{Y\MZZ]ZY,]{Y{Z{ZnYv]|Z]{Y|m
d]Y{ZY Z{Zu ZY Ze|{YM\ee]|Z]d]Y{ZZ]
Z]|{YMZZ]f |Y {Zy Z]{Y{ ZZ Ze
{ud]Y{\ZY|Za|Z],{
ZZ]{e]|Z],Z{|]{Z|]daY{ZfYc{,{Z]\ee
{Z]YmYZ
|],|]eZMcZYY]Z|Z]M{Z]Z,|Z]MZZYz]\ZY
{f{
|]eZM
cZ
Z]v{|fyZfyZa|]eZMY]ZeZ|]{|YYcY
{
|YY|]eZMY]Z{cdaM{Z
tZ
{|YYcZYY ISO6935-2 ISO6935-1Z{Y|ZfYZ]|Z]|]eZM{
|YYcZYYZ]|Z]|{Y|fyZZeZM|Z]fY{d]ZYmYZ
|Z]fY{d]ZYmYZ{
|Z]ZZ]Zs]|Z]v
|z YmYZ {qM]Z|Z]Z|{ZeY|]ZZZf{
|Z],dY
,{]|]Z]cYiZedY,MZ{Y{YZ|Z]eZMt
dY^]ZWmv{|Z],{Y~]ZM]|^qZf]

ZZ]ZZYYmY]a,{Z]YZeZMf
Z]M|^q]]ziZe{fyZZZ]|Z]|Z]ZZY|Y]|Z],f]Z
|Z]fY|YZeZM
ZnY{YMZ{e|Y]|{Y{acvY|Z]YeY^ZZM{Z
{Y{ZnYZZv{|{Y{av{Z]YeYZZ{Y{
, ,dbZ ] |Z | Z ] Z t Y] { Y vZ

YmY Z { | YY cZYY Z] {] fZ YY{ |Z] ,|YM ZY Z{
|Z]fY{d]Z
{e,{]ZvcYZY]Z{Y|ZfY,Z{Y|ZfYZ]]ZYeYfZM{Z
|Z]\Z|]eZMY]|za]]Zf{Y]|Z]ZYZZy
f]Z]Z{ydZvZdZY|uZf]ZYZ{e
|Z]fY{Z
xc1 Ze x0 { { |Z] f] t Z] Ze ] Zn y v { ,{ ZYZ M{Z
|]YISO 22965-1 {Y|ZfY
ZeZMZ^Yu,],{y
|y{,{ZnYYmYZ ]Z|Z]|]eZM{{y|]
{Z]|Z]cZYY|Z]Z\ZeYZ|Z]
dYY,yZZY{ZfYc{{ZnY{|Z]{y
|Z]n|eZY|
Y]|Z]ZnYmYZ{e{ CZ{{{{y
dYZn,|Z]fY{d]Z|YYZYZfuYcZY|YZ],
|ZnYMYmYZ{Y{m],dZncYuZ]Z{{y
|Z]fY{d]ZISO 3766{Y|ZfYZ]{y|]Y]{Z|m{eM{Z
|Z]fY{d]ZYmYZZ]|Z]{ZfY{,Z{{yY]
{ecZuZY]{yM{Z
-{yYy
-y{f]dZ
Z|
]Z|Z]{ZfY{,ZmY|]|yZY|mZeZM {
|Z]YmYZ
|Z^,fyZa Y^ZeZM|mZY,{|]eZMZ{
|Y|e|Z]|^]\Mv{Y~Zm{Zn]Zm,Z^Y,u

|Z]|ZnYmYZeYdZn|y{{Z
{YY{
Y m,dY{Y]|ZnY|u]Y]{Y|uY{yY]{ZfY{
-|Z]|dîISO15630-1{Y|ZfY]Z{|nyMZ]fq
dYf],|Z]|dîISO15630-1{Y|ZfY]Z{|nyMZ]fqY
-|Z^{|nyMM]Y] YfY|y
-{Z]Ze{{|vY]YcYne
-|Z]|e{ZY]
|fqc]|ZZ{\ZZZ{ye
|{Z ,dZMZ] |YeYYyZMcv {]Z,cZYY M{Z
~u,||f ,{Z,{yuYY|],c{ {Y{Y]dZ
|
ZuY|Z]fY{{m^ZcYneY,{Z]|Z^paZZeZM
cZYY ]Z |Z]Z{{Zpa{Z]{c|ZYf{ ]Z{
ISO6935-1 Z{Y|ZfY ]Z M { Z Y |] ,ê Z{Y|ZfY { | YY
|Z],ISO6935-2
Zm
{Y{m,dYZn|Y||]{m]ZY]Z{Y]Zm
|Z]|zYmYZ{
]Z|Z]Z]veZ{Z{]{eZMm|]eZM{Zm
|Z]|e{Y,{ZnYISO17660-1{Y|ZfYYmYZ
{ m ,dY Zn ISO17660-2 {Y|ZfY ]Z| YmY ]Z] Zm Y m
|Z]|e{YmYZ{{Y
cZeY
|f]YmYZ]Z,{mZZ|{ZeY,ZaZ]|Z]Z{
ZeZMY~Zm{
a,Za,Y~Z,acZWmYmYZ]Z|Z]ZeZM
|Y~Zm,|YYYZ{{f
Y|ZuY{q{Z]YZ]Zuv{a|]eZM]{e
{Yme,|Yf
1- straightening

ZfY]dYZeZM,dY|ZnYmYZee{
] Z { Zb Y|u Z] |Z] Zb ,dZu Y { | Y~Zm vf
Y|u|Z^ZbYfZnZb{]ZdYf],|e]y
{Z]|Z]Zb
,{ Z ] |f dY YY{ Za Z Y Zd {Y { ZZ Y M{Z
{Z]YZZY]cZeYZZfZe{ZY,ZY{ZY{{ZiZeZM
{|YYY{Y f{Zd] ,|dZud]Zi|Z]ZeZM

|]]|ZnYYmZ|]Z]dYZeZM{|Z]{Y|ZfYY
Ze {,|Y|Z]Ze{ | ZbZ{dYf]{mY
|Z]|z{{Y{m,|f]Za,,Zf
|] Z |]eZM t ] , cnom ,Y {Z Z] | z a
{ZYZeZM
|ea
cZ
{ZY{YZ|eaf]dyZY]ZeZ|]cZYY

-f,|adyZ
-f,|adyZ
f,|a,mZyZyY{dyZ
|YY|eaY]Z{gdaM{Z
cZYY,{YmYZ]neZ] ZdeZ{{Y|ZfYY{
{dYMZZddu|ZeZZ|aZd\Y]ZY
{Z]YmYZ
CWA 14646ZZYeCEN{ZjY]{Y|azecZ{YZ{YeM{Z
|eatZ
|aZZZ
cZ/YY]Z/|/Z]M{Z/ZZZZ[|Z]|aZZZ
|Z]Z{|YY
,|//aZZ/YZjY],ZZ|Z]|aZZZd
|Z]
1-Running metres

,Z,ZZeY,ZZ|Z,Zy{]Z]] dY ZdZ|aZZM{Z

dY{YY]qZy{YY]qZZ,Y,|atZ
|]
|Z]ZfyZcY]Z|Z]{YZ
|/e/aZZ/Y]ZfyZcY]Z|Z]{YvZZ]Z
|Z]
Z
Z/eISO6934{Y|Zf/YZ]|Z]Z{,{[Z,Z|a{
|Z]fY{d]ZYmYZ{|YYcZYYZd
{|//YYcZ/YYZ]]Z|Z]{Z]|eaY]{YvZ
|Z]YmYZ
,]|Z,{YvZ{]ZZ,uYY]{Y|ZfY,{Y|ZfYYeZ{ M{Z
{Y|{m,|YMZYZ
|]ZZY
|Z]M{ZZZZZ[|Z]|eaZZY]|]ZYmY
]ZZZe
|Z]]ZZZe
-|Z^MZf]Z{Y]
-|Z]vZY|Y],f]d{Z]ZY|Za|Zd]ZiYZYY]
|Z\MZ]
d/]Zt//yZ]Z|Z]v]|Z]Z]ZZZeY~Z
|Z]fY{
Z[Z{
|Z]fY{d]ZZfyZcY{Y|ZfYZ]|Z]Z|]ZZu|a[Z{
Z{MZZ,
Z/ZfyZ//cY{|Z]|^qZ]ZZ|]ZZu{aY]
{{zM{Z

1-sheath , duct

{Z^Yu
,Z|f,|]ZZZf{,Z,|ea{|Z,{y]Zu{Y
/cYiZ/e/]Y]{{Z^Yu|Z],v{|fyZZ]ZfyZaZ]Z
ZM{y{Y|Y{dY,Y{dZu]Z{Y~ZmZr|dZv
|Zm\Z{YZ]|Z]{Y{{mZ{]\MZfuYdY|u]
|YY{Zn]Zm{Z^Y,u]]Yf{|ZedYf]
{|/Z]{/dZvd][MYZZ{{Z^Yve|Z]Y[Z{tZ
{|e|Zc|
Z]Z\
cZ
Y~/Zm,YmYZZfyZcY]Z|Z]|eaZ]Z
|Z^{Y{mY|]]ZnY{YZ]ypa|]Zy|u
d/î,/Z]dî{ZY{|Z]YmYY]cY|f]Z|ea{{
{
{{/Z/mZ//YZ/]]dZn|]ZZ|ea{Zm
d/Y|/Z/]/YmYZ//{/Ydvem,dZn|ea{cZn
d/ZnY{wYcZvYZmZcZv,ZZeZMv{Zm
dY|Z]YmYZ{Ydve
||]{[M{]Z{|Z]Z|{ZeYZ|]Z,Z{cZeYZe
{Yme{|Z]\{{{[Z{yZraYm
|aZ]Z
{dZv{y]Y]{^Z]|Z]|ea{fa|]
|a|^qZ]Z
,{//m[MZ/Y/dY]ZYZ{ZZfY{~Z|Z]
|fZZ{Z{Z~Z{{Y
|Y~d^Z]]ZZZY]|Z]~Z
|dZvf]YeY~ZmcYiY]Y]{dZY]|Z]~ZZ
mZyyY{faZ]Z
||]{^Z]ZY{d]}]Z{|Z]faZ]Z

|
cZ
|/Z]{Z{YZ{ZnY,|e^Y[Z]]Z|Z]
{dî,Z]dî{ZY{
{eYM{ZZZfyZcYeZZjY|udYf]
|Z]f{{Y]ZZ{[fYf{|Z]
|{Y{ZZ{|Z]f]Z|]ZmZ|]Z
{Z/ZZfyZcYZY]{[ZzfYeYneY|Z]|ecYne
|Z]ZnM
{Y{Y/Y^ZZ{|Z]Y|YZZf{Y^Z^fY
|Z]f{{,{
f]Z{Zf]dZdYZnfZ]|aZfYZ ZY
|Z]YmYZ{|eZdZY|uY
Y/{|/Z]cZ/YYZ/]Md/]Z|/Z/d]Z{{Y{YZ]lZf
{dîZ]
dY|YYdag|]{Y]ZYM{Z
|eaZ]Z
Z]ZY{Z{Y,Y]|aZ]Z|eY
//{Z/{YZ/,|Z^|^Zv{Z{Y f{,ZYZyt{
{Y|YYmYZ]Z|Z],|Z^|^Zv{Z{Y f{{]Z
fZ/uY|/Y|/Z],d/z\/Z{|/Y|]fZ{YZef]YfY
Z////{/|e|Z]{ZnY,{Y|f]Z {Z]ZcYiYf
dY^]ZZuYY]fZuY|YYZ|^q
f|aZ]Z
Z/]ZY{Z{Y,Y]|aZ]Z|eY
]Z{Z{YZ,|Z^|^Zv{Z{Y f{ZYZyt{
Y|/Y/YmYZ//]Z|Z],|Z]|^Zv{Z{Y f{,{{
{

/[Z/{Z]ZZfY],||s{YYvYdZu{
Z/e|/Z]Yq{ZnY|Z^,|Z\MY{|n|]|YedZn
dyY|YyZe],dY|dZ{||Ze|Y|]Z
mZyyY{|^qZ]Z
{Z]|]]Y
Z,[Z{fZucZY|Y
cZ
/]Y]{,Z/jY/],fZ/ucZY|/YY/mY{/{Z/MY]]fZYf{
{e|Z]{xZZ\M,{y
/|/[ZzfYZMY{]\Z[Z{YmYY]|Z][Z{cYne
|Y|ZnM{ZZZfyZcYe
|/]/],{dîZ]Y{|Z]fZucZYYZ]ZêZ]lZf
|mYgda
|dZu|Z],Z]Zr,ZfYZ|]ZuY
Z/\/Y|]fZ{dfZucZY|Y{ZYYY{dZuYfY
|mYgda],{ZnY|Z],Z]Z|
|aZ]Z
|dZv{y]Y]{Y{]]u|Z]Z]ZZfY
|a|^qZ]Z
Z,ZfyZcYZ{Y|ZfY]Z|Z]|^qZ]Z,|a[Z{
{ZnYYmYZ
mZyZyY{|^qZ]Z
|/]Z]|Z][Z{[Z{,|dZu[Z{Z]mZyZ]Ze{
|Z]fY{d]Z
]ZZ|yZ]Z]|Z]Z]ZZZZ,{YZ{
|aYmYZZZfyZcY
[Z{cZ
Z//{Y|Zf/YZ/]|Z]Z,,Z][Md^,{ZafyYZ|M
|Z]fY{d]ZYmYZZZfyZcY

fY{d]ZYmYZZZfyZcYZ{Y|ZfYZ]|Z][Z{
|Z]
ffZuY|Y|Z],{Y{ZnY|Y|]fZ{Y[Z{YfY
|^/qZ{|e|Z]{ZnY,{Y|f]Z {Z]ZcYiY
dY^]ZZuYY]fZuY|YYZ
ZcZY|Y
{ZnYdyYdZ]fa]|Z]Ze
{|Z]Z{Z]nue|Z]Z]Z{Xe{YMnuZ]|Z]enu
{f
ZfYyZeYY,ZdveZu|]{Z]|Z],|ZeYY|]
{m
\/ZZeY]Z{Z{fY]|Z]cYnecZeY,tZ
|Z],Z]ZZ{{ZY]YYZZfuYdY|Z]
|]{
{/qM/]d^{ydZuYZYuY][Z{Ya|Z]ZZ
êZ,Z,~a}Z]f],Ye\Z,{|]{|Y]Z
cZY|YY
|dZv[MY|Z]ZuY
|dZv|][M^Z]|Z]ZmyZ{~ZZe
f]
|YYf]Y]Z{kdaM{Z
f]Z
|Z]fY{d]ZZdISO 22965{Y|ZfYZ]|Z]MZf]
Y]]cZYYYmYZ{|YYcZYYZ|Z]f]Z
|Z]YmY
Z//{/rMY/f|Z^f]{{ZfY{ZY|DZ]YYY|Y
|Z],dY|YYYmY
|^MYYfZeY|udYYY|Y|{ZDM{Z
f/]||eY|Z]f]dZ|{{cZY,f]ZZYmY]Zc{
M{[ZzfY,|Z]|Md{]

f]YacZY|Y
{e|Z]f]s,|YYYmYZe{
Z/nY|/Z]//MZ/]f]YM,|Z]|YYYmYZeY
{|f,YmYY^|Z]ZMYYZulZf{
,|/]\/ZZMY^,dYYYYmYY{Y]rM]Z|Z]eZ|ZZ
{|fZ],e
/e|/Z]ZM,|{ZMYmYZ{|YYcZYY]Z|Z]dyZZ{
|[,|YZe,[ZûYZ
|Z]Z|Y[M],x,{YY\ZdYf]
//Z/]|fzM]Y]{|Z]Zef],{YZff]e{
{dZv
Z/Z/YZ/]Z]Zef]ZY{Z|fyf]ue{
{ZfuYcZY|Y|Z],MZcYiY]Y]{f]YdZuY],|Z]fY{{m,ZmZ[M
{f
|/Z]Z/{YY{|Z]Z]Ze{YZZ|]\ZZd,,Zy
{M{xn,{xcYiY]Y]{f]ZdZ\Y^
dYM{ZZ{]aZ,dYvZ{e{
{ZnYZfuYcZY|Y|Z]{xYZ\M]Y]{dZuY],|
{d/ZuY],|Z]{ZMeZ{vZ{{Y{ZfuYe{
{ZnYZfuYcZY|Y|Z],MZcYiZe]Y]
Zef]ZZZn]Zm~a,ve
|Z]zeY^,ve]fZ|Z]~aZ]
z/eZ/],f/]Z//e/{{Z]qc]Y{]Z]|Z]f]
{f|Z]Y{]Z],|Z^{Z,ZZ
/cY/eZ/Z/|^/qZ,{,Y|m|Z,Zef]Z]cZycYe
{Y|u|Z]ZZ{ve,Y{]Z]u,Y~Z]
,Y~Zm{|Z]MZ,|Z]|YYYmYZee{
f/Y{],|Z]|ZnYmYZee{ve{{ZMZf]{{Z
{
Z/n/YmYZeY{ZY{Y~ZmZ{f]Y]{Y|ZfYYcZYYM{Z
f/]|/|/eev{ve,f]cY|fYz]Y]YeY|ZnYZM|Z]|
d~a,Z{|Y~Zmf]cY|fY],{ZM

|Y|YYISO22965-2{Y|ZfY{f]êcZz|eZZMM{Z
/YmYZ//e{Y{m,|Z]MZZMZ]Ze{|Z^Zef]
|Z]fY|Z|e|Z]|Zn
YeY~Zm
cZ
tv///] Z/m{f]ZfYZaZeZMZeYYZY]|Z]f]
{YfY~ZmdY|Zuf]{Y{dZ|Y|ZZm
kZ/y{,Z]uY{,ZtcYe{tvYeYZYY]me
dYYYdyZZ{{eZMZ{,Z^mY
Y/]|/Z]{Z/Z/|]{cZeYYmY]|Z]YeY~Zmd
|Z]Zd]Y{Z\ZZ]ZYZ|uY]ZdYm
e{{{ZnY{ZeYdY{ZnYf]|]YeY~ZmY^f]YM{Z
dYZyme,|Z^{{|n
cZ/YYd/Y/|/Z]f/Y{{m|ZesY]YcZYYe{
|Z],Y~ZmZdY]ZY
|Z]Y|u|Z]Y|mYeY~Zm
//]YZ/],[M,/{x,||{Z],|y]ZeMZcYiY]Z{|Z]f]
{Y|ZZm{Y,Zef]Z{,Y{f]{{dZuYeY|Zm
uMZ{{ZYYeYuZe]Y]{|Z]{\ZM{Zef]
|dZvf]|dz
^ZY|Z]f]
/iZeZba|{ZeY|f|Z],{à^ZY|Z]f]e{
|Z]f{{{Y||dzf]dZ
M{[M|/{d]^ZY|\q]ZfY|[ZeZ]|YedZdYM{Z
|Y^mYMiYdYZbaY|]f]Z]{fyY|Z]ZbaY|]ZY|Y|kZy

1- Box-outs

Yf{yf]
Y/iZ/ed//]Yf/]Ye,SCCYf{yf]Y]|ef]{]Z]Z]
YZYY]MaZ |Z]neZa]|Z]YY]ZuY{Zu
Y/]Z/d/ISO 22965{Y|ZfY{qM]ZY,cZYY{Y],YYYeu
|Z]||eYeZ]|Z],{mc{,|YYM~a]YZef]Yy
|Zaf]
Z{Y|ZfY|YYcZYYZ]|Z]ZYmY,{Y~Zm|ZaZ]f]Y]
|Z]fY{d]ZYmYZ
{{YYmYZ{,|Z]\ZZZY]e{,cZYYdYf]
Y\Z
YZ/YY]Y\Z|Z]^ZnZZYY{|Z]Y\ZY]f]
Y/mY\/ZZcYneZ]|Z]|Zetf]d,ZeZMzau
{
|Z]ZZ|Z]Y\ZcYne,|]eZMcZWmY],YmYZ
[MyY{f]
/YmYZ{|zcZYY|{M]YZYY][Mf]{
{YmY\ZZcYneZ]|Z]
|Z]ZZ|Z]f]Y,|]eZMcZWmY],YmYZ
dZuM
{dZuM|Z],{yY{,f]
-faZ^Y{Y|uY]
-vdZ{]ZYZYY]
-vuZZY{YZYY]
-mY]Y]{
-{x]Y]{
\MZ],]Y]{
1- Self-compacting concrete(SCC)
2- Sprayed concrete
3- Slipforming

,d/Y/Z|jmZYZ]Ze]Y]{MY{f]dZu
|Z]YmYZ{|Z]eZYYq
Y{]|Z]tZ{Zu,f]tYzêYZ]|Z]ZMZ
dY|YYoda{ZY,{fY{[
{/,dYf]tYzêYdYY]M{Ze{Yf
dYZ^M,{MZYZ]mY
eYmY{MyZe|]|Z]t,f]cZZZaYeZeY{
{ZY|Z]dMZZZaY^|Z]{YMsfaZ^Y{y
{/yf/]Z/]d/ZZ]f]ZjY],{Z]fyY|Y[M]YZ]f]Y
//Y{//YYYcZu|Z],faZ^Y{yeYmY],Yf
{r,{Z]ZY|Z,{{ZzêhZ]mY{f]Y]r
{Y{{]Zy{Y
|Z]tuZ{f]Yy|]Ze|Z]MZYc|
/zd/ZY|/{Z/M/{/Z]|eMZ{Z]|
{e,|m]Z,
MZ{|m
M{
M{
M{
{Y|{]Z
{Y|{]Z
{Y|{]Z

M{

{Y|{]Z

dZ{
dZY|{
Zz

|Z]C
Yf]ZZf]tZ{,|dZY]e]a
{Z]YmYZ{|Z],{Z]|Z]M{
{Z]YmYZ{dYYf]McZYY
dY|YYoda{MZY|uZe
/uZ|sY|Z]u,dyZZ{McZê
//]cZ/ê|/]cZY^{Y{mdZn,|f{{Y]dY
|Y||]cZ]]zcYiY{d]ZiZ,|fY{]
{m,|Z]|ZetY]cZYYZ]s|Z^|McZê
|Y|ZZZcYiZe{d]Zi{Y

Z/d/Z/{Y{m,{]m{Yf|Z^f]tZ{
||]MPaY|u]f]t
Z{|Z^,{Yvd]yqZd]{Wm{f]jY|uZ{
|cZîY{YZ{Y{|Z]|{{Y{m,{f]C
Y
{Y|f]Y{]]{]ZiZe,eZ]ZZ{,fZ]m{
fyYsd]]f]dY,|Z]{ZZ{{{yYY{{f]YM{Z

Z{Y{]Z],ZZ\e,WZY{e dZeYf]
/YY,mZyyY{cYu{]Z]Z]M]]cZYY,{Y|ZfYY{
|Y|
dY{ZZ{Z]MZ]dZZZfuYf{
,/Y/eYu{yeZfuYZcZYYZdYYmYZ
|Z],,ZZ,ZyZ,cYuZ{]Z]
f]YacZY|Y
|Z],cZYYZ^YY]YmY{]Z|Z]sZe,Z\Z{Z]Y|]
|]{y]\ZZZ|^]\MdyZ|Z^s
\ZZf]
|Z]{Y|ZfYY]Z|Z]\ZZf]
|Zet
{YYYmYZ{|Z],{mc{|ZefZZ|ZescZYY
fyZaf]ZZ]YmY
cZ
,ZZZ{ZM~aYYYZfyZaZZdyZcZcZYY|]
Z~aZM\eZZe,Z\Z{Z]uY,ZZ{|fyZZ{{
|YY
Z|Z],|zYmYZ{qM]Z|Z]fyZaZ
{]|Z]Z{ZM]uY
1-Ettringite

ZyZ{||efyZaZ
f/{|/Ye/,Z/Z{/Z/veZ/e,/ZyZ{|/|/efyZaZ
|Z]fyZacvvY]ZZ{Y|ZfY
ZYv{Y|ZfYZ] ^ ZfyZaZdyZY]|Z] ,{Y|ZfYYcY
|
vZZ{||efyZaZ
f/Y{d]ZvY]Z{Y|ZfYZ]e{,ZZ{|fyZZ
|efyZavY]dY,|Z]
v Y ] |Z^ ,|Y| d]Z v {Y|ZfY Z] ZZ { | fyZ Z
|Z]{Y|ZfYYadveZMdyZ,|efyZa
fyZaZcZYYZ] ,ZZ{| |efyZaZ|eY] cZcZYY
|Z]Z,ZyZ{||e
{Z^YZn]Zm
cZ
{ZnYYmYZ]Z|Z],fyZaZdZu{Z^Y,Zn]Zm
|Z]f{]Z|Z]fyZaY]m
Zee{,fyZaY]vZZY]Y~Z
|Z]f{{|Z],ZZ{fyZa]]d,|Z]|YYYmY
Zn]Zm
,c{]Z]ZZ YM\ee,{YM Z Z|z{|] Z

|Z]f{{|Z]cY
{Z^Y
ZeYjY|u,ZeZnZZ^Yd|Z]fyZaZY]{Z^YZYf{
|zY,Y|ZaY]YYcY,c{fZucZY|Y,fZ^Y
eY~Zm
cZ
|YYYmYZ{|Z],fyZaZeY~ZmcZYY
/|/Z],ZZ{MZfuYZ^YZn]ZmY],fyZaveY^
|Z]f{]Zv{,Z]gY|uYZ

|Z]f{]Zv{,ZZ{cZYeZ]|Z]ZZ]
{ZM|Z^ZfyZgY|uY,||Zez]dZZ]ZfYZaZZe
Y~Zm
Y|/ZacY/,c{ZWZu,ZZe\ee|Z]gY|uYZ
|zYd
dY|/Y/]ZZd{ZvgY|uYZ{|Z],c{
{{Y{Z,]Z]ZZf{dY{fyZa
/Z]Y|ZadyZc|{ZZe|{ZY|Z],fZ]dyZcZY|Y
|ZY|u]YZZeq]\My|Z
f/Y{c//ZyZ/edY,{Ze\MYmY\YZYY]
Z/M\///Z/{^ZZeY|u,dYf]ZY{Ze{|Z]
{z,|eYZMZ^
Z//Z]cZ/Y/egY|/uYYmYZZ]|Z]fyZaZ{Za]
|Z]fY{d]Z
cZ/eYY/,Z/Ze{Z]Yf{,fyZaZtvd,\
{ZnYef|Z]ZYM
eZZcZeY
cZ
{ZnYgY|uYZ]|Z]eZcZeYYmYY^
Y/f//{Z/]gY|uYZ{|YYcZYYZ^]|Z]eZ
{ZnYm
Zm{ZZ
{ZnYZ|]]Z|Z],ZeY]ZYeZMY~Zm
{ZnY|]]Z|Z]Zm{f]
YZcZeY
{Z]|ZZYf{]Z|Z]ZeY
{Z]{Ye]Z|Z]Y{pa^qcZeY
|Z]{YYZYY]eZYYZuYmYZ{e
-|Z]|]{Z]ZZY|YYY{cZeY

Z/]/eM{y]Y]{vv],{cZeYY]{ZfY{,Y{cZv
-|dZu,a{Y\Z[ZzfY
|Z]YmYZZm]Z{YZ],mYZcZeY
|ZY{Y
cZ
{Y/{MZcYiYYmY],ZncZYvYjY|uf{|Z]|eZ
|Z]
-Y{]]ZfYuY{Y|ZaZdZY
-dyZZZY{ZfYY{]]{[
MYZYmYZgY|uYY]Y~ZmZZ_
Y/]/qcZYvYY{Z|]]Z|Z],|zZY{YfYcZYvY
{aqdY,|fnfYY{|ZeZ{
/cZ/YvY/Yd/YZfyZ/ZZ]]|cZYvYYYZu|]
{Z|Z]YmYZsYZ,{]êc{,Y|ZZY]dY
{{|/Y|//YY,|fiZY{ZY{Y,YZZY{YY]{|
/YmYZ{{Y{m|Y|ZZ|ZY{YY]YZY{Y
{ZYY{Y{,|Z]|Z]{
//]dY|f{|mY|]]{ZZY{Y]ZYY]Y{Y{M{Z
/]Z/ZY|ZaZdZY]ZYcZuZY|]Zd{,{ZYYY]uYZ
|fY|]cYe
d/Y/,Y~ZmZZY{]]{Y{|ZncZYvY{Z
/YY{Z{e|Y|YYoda{|e{Z{YYYmYZ{
|Z]|z{{Y{m,|ZYsda{|
/cZ/Y{/zYmYZ{|Z]ZY{YY]eZYY
{YY|Z]
-{Y|ZfYY{|YYZncZYvY{{dûY
-Zn{Z|eZfYZaZ]Y,dYfY]YvYZY
|zYmY]Z,|ZY]YmY]ZY{YYZMY
-|ZY|Y

|mY|]],dYZnYvYq,{ZY|Z]^mYY
/Z/],z//Xedf{,ZZZedYY^mY
mm]Y]^mYZY|eY||Z]ZnYvYZ]Zfdm{Zu
dY
s//]/ZZeZeYteZZfYY]YmY]sZY{Y
Z{|Z]uqY]eZYY|Y|e{Y|ZfYY{,|Z]|
|Z]YmY
|Y|YY{Y|ZfYY{,[M{|\ZYmYZY{Y
{Y{{]ZY{Ye{,{{Y{afzcZYYZ]|YvYY
|u,|qZbZZ]YmYZm|Z]ZZ]]|]cZYY
|Z]ZZZf]Ze|Z]YmYq|fY
|/{//YYYYZ/Z/edyZZY{Y\ecZYY,{Y|ZfYY
,|f^f,Z]f]YcYiYY~Z]YZZeY^dY]ZncZYvY
|mY|]],|Z]|zYmYZ{{{Y{m
mZZ
{Y{ZY,v{Ziy]v{dZY{Y

,|/{Y{Z/fY Z/p/]|Z,ZeY{Ziy]ZeY{dZY{Y
{Y{ZY
{Z]YmYZ{|Z]Ziy]]cZYY
|YYZiyeY]ZYISO 4463-1{Y|ZfYM{Z
ZaZaZZe
|/e{Z|Z],Z,fZadYZaZZe
|Y|YYs{ZaZZeYdY]
cZ/YY{/fyZ//f]fyZ//a/ZYZ,{fzZfadY
/Y{,/ZZ,ZYZ{,M[MZY{,Z|Z,ZaY]Y{Y
dY|YY{Y|ZfY

1-Box principle
2-Bench mark

ZY{Zf
dY|YY{ZY{ZfY]ZnYZcZYvY{Z
{Ziy]d^|Y|YZY{ZfdY]ZncZYvYY]ZYM{Z
dY|YYo
Y{YY]ZnYvY
s
{
{
ZfYvY
{Y{
Z{v
]Z|q

Yf]
YvY

{Z]f\u],dY{YMZeY
h
Yf]
]YvY
B
mmYf

ZY{ZfY]ZnWZcZYvY

Y]ZnYvY
{Y{Y
s
YvY
{

Yf]

mmYf
Yf
]fZvY
^Zns
Zfv
t{Y{
Y,]Z
{WZy
M{
{Z^t{
^|qZ
Y]cZ^{Y|en
dY<n
D
{f{cZ^ZeYn hi
ZY{ZfY]ZnWZcZYvYY{Y
ZY{Ze
Y{\ZYYZYmYZY]ZY{ZetvY]|YYcZYY
{ZY
dY|YY{ZY{ZeY]ZnYZcZYvY{Z
|/Z]Z/M,dY|YY{Y|ZfYY{fyZaZY{ZeZeY{Y
|YYfyZaZcZYeZgY|uYZ{

1-Line

Y]ZnYvY
{Y{Y
s
YvY
{
Yf]

]eZeYv
]d^f
Y|Yf
{
A

{f|]b
dY dm
ZY
,e1
,f2
Yf]
tvd
fZeYZeY
ZZZeYt
{Z]Y
B
Y{Zl
dY^
ZY
ZeYZeYtv1
ZY{ZeY]ZncZYvY

Z
{Z/Y/]|/Z^|/e/aZeZMZeZMda,{Z]Y
|Z]fY{YvY|m{|YYY
d/]Zê/v{Y|ZfYZ]dYf],fyZacvY]|YYcZYvY{Z
{Y|{]Z,|Z]fY{
cY//{Y/{/m,{/]Z/Y{/dWYY]|Z]acZYYZ]ê
||]YZMZmYdyZv{^f

a ZncZYvY
Y{Y
b
s
{
YvY
Y{Y
{
{
t{Z]Y
Y]{]Z]Z
fZY{,Ze
Z
Y]

ZY
y]Z{Z]
,Z{ZY]
|ft{Z]YZl2l1
eZMY|fv
t
B

y]Z{Z]
,Z{ZY]

YY
M{
-aY|ucmin
Z]YaY|uCnom
-dY]Y]

-Yac
-cnomYZnYvY c
dYtZeYh
ZncZYvY

aZncZYvY
Y{Y
b

{

s
YvY
{
Y{Y
{
ZacZeY

dYZb l
D
aeZMv
e
|e
Y|Yf]a
]d^|

dY,d]Ze,Ydy
|ea]Zx
|Z]cZYvY,c{,|Z]YmYZ{|Z]Znd^jcZYvY,ZaY]a
,Zm{Z,]Z{ZY{j,|fzZfeWf]ZYY]ZY{Yb
|fadve|fyZZf{ZZa,|f{Y|ZfYYadve,
ZZfyZ|Z
|]Z YY mm Y| ] dY Za f] ZY Za eZM a Y] d^j Zn cZYvY c
{ZY|YYcZYvY
Cdev mm ,|Z] | z { {Y { m { YY {Y|ZfY { dY Cdev d
dYZncminYfaZ]{ZY|{ZMZM|Z]dYYmYZ
ZY{Z]ZY]dY h, [ dmY]{ZY [ dm dZz{|YY{Z e
ZZ,ZdY{,qZwYYmY]e{|Z]ZndY mmYf]cZYvY
|Z]Z|Z]eZYvYq]Za|Z]cZv
|mYB{],{ZeZMY], Cdev ,ZncZYvYf
ZncZYvYY{Y

^{]dYs
dY|YYodao{fYscZYvYY]|e{Z
cZvZY{Y{Y
dY|YYodao{cZvZY{cZYvYY]|e{Z

Yda
eZY
Z|fY]ZY

YmYZ|]Y]ZYY
|Z]{YZYmYZdYf]
d/Y/f]cZYY,cv{]ZY]eZYYZ]{ZfY{cve
{YYaZZ Z
t/Y/ycZYY,Y{Y{ZfY{YmYZ{dY|,a
Y|m{YZdYf]cZYY]]Z]d|{sY|Ze
,d/Z/Z/e,cZYeZZYmYY]cZYYZeZYmYZ,|Z]
|Z],ZZ
^Y,cZYZe|YY,dyZZ
-Z|
-|ea|]eZMZ{dY|
cZv,Zm,]Z]ZZf{,fyZaf]ZY]
/{Y/Z/{//e,fyZaf]ZY]gY|uYZ,ê{Y{
|Z]
/eZZ{ZcZeYZd|{ZZZsZ\Z
-|
-Z]Zm{tZYyZ]\Z{Y{
,/eZZcZeY,cZe,Z^Y,Zn]ZmY]Z{Y{Z]\Yf{
|mY,Z|]]
|/ZnYmYZ{,{]]c{dYf]eZYYYy,Y|m
|YY{Y|ZfYYZ]êY],{

YmYZ{|ZnY]cZY]Z]dY|m
f
|]
|]
|YZyZ]]cZYYZe

|
YZZtZZ,^f]]]ZYcZYY,c{
|z

|Z]YYmYcYneY]fZ]f]ZYY]cZYY

|ZYYZZdyZ]]^fcYZ{Y|ZfYZe

YYm
|e{{ZaY]Ymy

cZuYZe
|zYZZfZ]]cZYY

|zY,dYZMdZcY
YmYd|

|{YZmYmYZY]
|Z]Y{ZYecZYY
|Z]YM,dYdsY
|Z]YZycY|f|u,c{

|e,dYZ]XY|eYYmY{
|eYZZZ]]]cY
|edd|Y]YZYcZYY,c{
Y Z d Y~Z ZZ |] cv ~a ZM ZZ]
|eYhZiz

|m
cZYY ,c Y { ,y Z dY Z , ZZ] Y Y|Y ZM | f

|{WYYYe] |m
|tveYZfuY{]^Z,c{

YmYZ{|ZnY]cZY]Z]dY|mY{Y
f
|]
{e|Z]Z],c{
|]
|]\Zd]Y{

|z{mc{YZZdZecZYY

|zY|ZetcZYY

|zYZMcZvZZcvcZYY

|zYY{ZdZecZYY

|zY|]\ZcZYY

|Z]YdZY{{acZYY

|Z]ZeYmY]Y|]\Zd]Y{{Z]cZYY

,{Z]Z{|]{Z |]daZm,Y {Z] Ye,{]êc{

|z

|zY|]eZMYY

|zYZ|fZ ZZZnYY

|Z],{ZfYc{,Y{Y|]eZMtZcZYY

dY|ZZY|zZ|YY{y]ZZY

ZfuYdYY|Z]YM,dYZnC
YeZaZ{{{yY
|z,{

|Z],dYZncYuZ]{yY

|Z]YZ{{yY]

|zYZmY|]ZY{y|meZMY]

|zY|yZ{{ZY]cZYY

|]eZM

f
|Z]YZeZMZmcY
|]
|]

|zYM,dZnmY
|zYZeZMZeYcY

|zYcZeYZbd,aZ,ZeZMd

|zYM,dYYmYZfZ]|]eZMY

|z{mc{YcZYY

zY ,ZnYvY{|Y|aY|u,Yf]a
|mY[{],|

|Z]Y\YmYY]ZZfZ|aZd\cZYY

|Z]Y|aZZcZYY
|Z]Y|a{cZYY
|ea

|Z]YMcZYYdYZn|ea{Y]ZZmY
|eY]ZZe
|Z]Y|eaZ]Z\cY
m |]Z cZv {] Zn ,|]Z uZ ZeZM Zm c {
|zYY
] |eaZfYZZY,f]ZdZY|u]]cZYY
|zYZ

f
|]
|]
Zu|aZ]Z{Z{Yf{ZMZnYYeZY|Y
|Z],dY,{
Zu|aZ]Z{Z{Yf{ZMZnYYeZY|Y
|Z],dY,{
ZdZeISO22965{Y|ZfY]Zf]YYYyZeYZe|f
{e,f]v{^fcYZ]Z{Y|ZfY

|Z]Yf]Y],D,Z]YY|YY|u

|Z]YM,|Z]YYf]se{

|Z]YM,|Z]YYMe{

|Z]YdyZZ{cZYY,]{Y{

YM,|Z],ff]Z,ZeZMaYYe{
|Z]

|Z]YM,{ZnY|Z]Y{]Y

|{YYYYmYcZYY|Z]YmYZ,{Z]Zaf]Y

f]
|Z]ZZ|Z],{ZfY{cYnecZWm,{Z]Y\ZY
|zYZ,[McZYY
|Z]ZZ|Z]f]cZWm,{ZnY[M{f]Y
fY{ {m YY Y Y M Y { f] dZu Y] eZYY e {
|z,|Z]

|zYZYM{

|z,|Z]fY{{mYMcZYYe{

|zY|ZetcZYY

f
|zY{ZfY{fyZaf]Z
|]
|]

f]ZZ]YmY
|zYddZu,Z^Y,Zn]ZmY]Y]cZYY
fyZa
|zYvZZcZYY
|Z]YeY~ZmcZYY
|{YY,ZêYc{,YgY|uYY]{Y|{
|Z]Yv{eY]ZZ

|Z]YYZcZeYcZWm
|zY^]ZZM
|zY|mYZcZeY,{cZeYcZv,cZeYcZYY
|zY,{Y{YZYvq
|zY,{ZYM]ZY{Y

|ZY{Y

yZ{ZYsda{|YYY{YcZYYZM|z

mmY e] fyYe{,YM Y{Y ^mYZYq

|z,|Z]

|zYZZeYtZ]sY]eZYY

|z,dY[MZMYZZY{Y

|zYYZZedyZZY{Y\eY]cZYY

|Z]YZiyY]cZYY

YmYcY|fdî,|]Y]ZYY
|Y|YmYcY|fdî{|ZnY]{Y{e
-||eZ^YYZ tZMY,tZ]Z
-ZYcYeZ{]Z

aZZ,ZZdyZZ{ZnYZYeY]ZcZY Z dyZZ
-fyZ
-|ZnYuYcZY|Yfc{,Z]Ze|e
-aZY]^]ZcYedî
-{Y{veY]{Z]YZfdî
-ZZ]cY|f
-|ZeZYyY]Z{Y|
MY[MY

[da
eZY
dd|Y]ZY
YmYZ{,|]Y]ZY[
|fdd|YZd,Z]cZ[
YmYdYZ^]dd|YYt{zY]Y,YmY{[
|YY,M{ZeZYeY]YmYZY]Z
ZY]ZZ,YeZdZu{MZ|MaZZ Y] YmY{{e
|Z],dY
,YmYZZ,]da]|fZ]cZYYZYmYZ{ [
|Y{f],ZZ]Zze|ZZcZY|Y]fduYcZYY
|]{|ZYZfZYd]Zt]|]{|YYYmY{[
|fê ISO 2394{Y|ZfY
[ZzfYZ]YmYZ{|Z]|Z]cY ]Z|Z],|ZYZ]d [
|Z]|Z]\ZYmY{
YmYZ]cvtZZ], Z|]Y]ZY[
|Z]Y{Y,Z]Y],Z]s{e[
-cZYY
-YmYZ{Y|ZfYmY
-MZZa,Z]
-Z]Ze
-MZZa,Z]YY
-~aZZ
-Z|f
-Z]X
Z]{Zz]Zfv{{Y
Z] Z ] ZmY Z] y |m c ] dY Z] s [
{e,MZa,cZWm|YYZ]ZYf{
{Y|ZfYYcZYY[[Z|]{|]Y{|eZ][
|{M]Z]ddZZ]Y

dYY]Y{ZnYZne|YedYZ],YmY{Y]Z]
{c,Z]{y,|ZnYZZY]Z]
,|ZyY{Z],Z]{y],YmY{Y]Z]{{e
|Z]fY{{m,yY{|ZZ],ZndyY{Y{
Z ZfyZ cY ]Z {f Z] dY , YmY { Y] Z] {
Y |Z] ,|Z {y e yY{ |Z Z] Z] {y ] YmY Z
{ZnY,fZ],{dedY{fZ]
f]ZZZeZyY{|ZZ]{e,YmY{Z]ZZY][
,|]eZM,|]\ZZ]ZY|Z] ZY ZY{Z]vedY]
|Z]e,|ea,Mf],f],f]Y^{e
qM |ZfYY{Z]{e,dYYYfZ{fZ]{Y{
|mY [|]],|Z],dY|eYmY{{yY{|ZZ]Y]
ZZZ]Z ,yY{ |ZZ]{e YmY{Z]ZZY] [
e,YZZYZY]|Z]ZeZf|Zf]ZYY]|]eZM f]
Z]vedY]YZZYdY]f]fZ]YZfZ]Z]{
{ZnY,{Y{Y{
ZZ/{cZ/eYZ/]/veZZe{e,f]ZYZ]ZZY][
|Z],Z]ve

1-Elements

_da
eZY
|]\Zd]Y{Y]ZY
ZYcZYY,|]ZY_
|Z]{YYê,{Y|uY{{Y{cZYcZY|Y_
-f]ZeZM,|]\Z{y
-ZfuY|MZ]Zf]f{Z],|]\ZZ
d/Y/e,Y~ZmZ{eZfYcYiYZ,cYne,ZZdyZZZ]
-dyZuZ|M
-{Z]]ZZ]
ZY]]a|Z,YmYv{ZycZY|Y
{Y||]\Zd]Y{|ZdZZY]Z|ZaM{Z
dY,MZeYZZ|]{Z]{Y_
d]Y{\uY,|]ZY_
^/Z//],f]]Y]{|Z],d]Y{ZZed{eZ_
|dZv
Y{{YM|Z,|f{cZfZd{e_
{ZuZ]dYZef]{MZ{yeYm_
-dZ e{{|v
f]ZZ uYf
|]\Z\uY,|]ZY_
|Z]||YeZ\Z{e,\Ze{Z]f]]Zna_
dY{YZ,Y\ZcZu_
|Z]Zef]ZY{{|vY]ZYY{\ZY
{ZuZYZe{Z]\Z|]eZM]faZYZZ{e[
|Z],|]{|YYZY{Yf{f]a
|]\Z,|]ZY_
M/]|/|/ecZYY{e,{Z]ZfyY|]\ZZZZf_
{

]Z Z a uZ { f] d sY Y] Ye Y ~a} |]\Z fM _
{]Z]uY|Y{Y|eu
cZ|YmY|]\ZcZv, |]ZY _
Y/]Y/cZY|/Y{//e,YZ{McZvY{ZfY_
{ZnYf]{]ZZYYa
fZfYdY|Z]\Z] ,fzfYZfaZ]{Y{e _
|
|]\Zd]Y{{Z],|]ZY_
Z/|/]\/Z/uY{d/]Y{|]\Z{Z]Y]dZY]ZYe{
{{Za{Y,{YY,YmYZZd]Y{
-|{Y{]\ZdYs]\M]Y]{dZY]Mpaf]dZ
Z/]uY{f]ZYcZY|YZnYY]YeZZeZZ|]da
-{]
/]]Zf/{Y/],Y/[MY/Zv/\MYmY]Yef^YY|
{]Z]uYdZ

cda
eZY
|]eZMY]ZY
tZ,|]ZYc
z ISO 6935-2 ISO 6935-1{Y|ZfYZ{Y|ZfY ]Z|Z]|]eZM{ c
{Z|f|ZmY]{{{Z,ISO6935-2ISO 6935-1Z{Y|ZfY{
{Zq Z{Y|ZfYY{ZYR{Z|f|ZmY]{{{WR
z e dZ Y { ,dY { e~a D { A,B,C,D ~a
MPaZYfZ{YY{D~a{m],MPaMPa,MPa
|YY,dYMPa
Y~ZmY~Z]cZu{e,\Z ZYZZy[ZzfY{ c
e,Y {ZuY ]n|Z^ ZY|YZZy{f{f]ZeZM
faZy|ZYY{]]{|]eZM]\MZ[M},e
|f\Z|yYY{Zv{,|{yehZ]dY
ZeZMZ^Yu,|],{y,|]ZYc
{ZnY{YYmY]eZY|YdYf]c
-ZY|{ZZ,Z\M
-Zmd
{yYZZ
f{Z],dY|zYmYZ{rM]Z|Z]{yYc
actual min, m j,|Z]y{f]ZeZM]\MYmcZYY
dYf\u]{Z]Y,{e,ZZ],{Z{ZY{ZfY
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ye]ZY|Y],dYf]ZeZM{yYyYY|uc
Z]]Z|]eZMY]|Z]Ze \Z]{yYyM{{ZfY{M
{Y{m,{Z] c|m{ZdY,ISO 6935-2ISO 6935-1Z{Y|ZfY
Y{|nb|y{ZYZeZMY]eZa|u|Z]|z{{Z
Z]fa{Z{ZeZMY],{{ZZu{,|ZZy
{Z],|y
1-Renard series

|]eZM]\MYmY]ZnY|uc|m

d

d

d
eZM
]Z M
ISO6935-1 {Y|ZfY
test ,ISO6935-2
d
d
d

, Zn Y|u
min
e Y|u
{Z]Z|
a
ZZ{|n{y
Z{{
| e Y|u
{Z^
YeZM{yY]f]ZY|YdY,{]Zv{cY ZZ{Y|ZfY a
|YY
Y iZf uZ { y ,|Z] | z { {Y { m c

]Y]Yf|Z^,ZmY|]|yZY|meZMY]HAZcYu
yYkZy{me{,|Z^y{|Zm{eZu{{
|Z^{]Y]d]Yf|Z]{
{{M]|]eZM{{{yY{ec
{zYmYZ{Y
{Z]YmYZ{,|Z]Zn{{|n{yY
,|] ZeY Y] |]eZM { a Y] {ZfY { Z^m { e
|Z]fY|ZeZM{ydZuZf]Z]ved]iZe|uY

1-HAZ: Heat Affeeted Zone

gda
eZY
|eaY]ZY
Z^Yu,|]ZY g
/eZYdYf]{ZMZ]ZZ|{ZeY,ZZ,|ea{g
/a//]{YZ]ZeYdYf]|Z]{Z]YYZ{YYZ
{m,YsZ]ZeYmY{dZu]Z{{Y
dZn\ZdZv|][MYug
|YYe{,|Z^Yuuc]|YeZ{g
{/{e{Z^Y,YZ]{Z]Ze{fZ^|ea{g
|Z^YYf^d]Z]f]ZZeY{Zvme|ea
{,Y/e,d/]}//]Y]{Z//^{d/Yf],Z{{ZMZ]ZZfYg
|dZu,|Z\MZfY|Za]Y
{^//{/{//m,|eaYmY{yYfZ]ZYc{g
/]Z/{/|f/~/a/]ZZ/,{ZaZqZaZ]YZMYf]Y,Z
d~aZZ|]\ZmZys{YeZYeu
Z]Z\,|]ZYg
|{M]YZZ]ZcZYY,cZeYZZZ]cZeY{eg
|Z]|YZZ|]{ZYdYf]g
||]||{]Z]|ea{dYf]g
Z/ZfZ]Y{ZfYZ]ZZ]Y]{dZ,|aZ]Z{g
dYf{]Z,M|ZZeYaeddZuZ]
|,|]ZYg
cZ,|]Y]ZYg
/]|//Z|eaZ]ZZm{ZZZ]dYY|ra|
{Y{Z]neZ]ZZcZ\ZYcZY|Y

1-Disk cutter

|eaZ]Z,|]ZYg
zY{Y|Z]{e,Z|]cZYY]g

|
-|ZyYe
-{ZuMm{ZmZ
-Z|]Z{ZMYfYvZ]ZZnjY|uY|u
|ea{ZZ{f]dZ
{d]ZifZ],{|n{ZfY]Z|]ZYmY{]\Z{eg
|ea|^qZ]Z,|]ZYg
zY{Y|Z]{e,Z|]cZYY]g

|
-{ZfY{|aZZ
-|a{{
-]ZZfZZ,Z{{Y|e
-ZYY]f]dZ
-]ZYu|Y]eZYYdYZ]ZYfY]qM
-Z]Z{Z{Yrm|^Zv|
-|]Z|]aYfYv
d]Y{ZZ^{Z]
{dî{Y{eg
-|Y]f]dZ|Ze
-fZ]|eam
-|Yu{]Z{Z{Y|Y|Ym
-||ZYfYv
-{Z{YZ|^Zv|Y||YvY
|Z]|ze{,d]Y{{Z]
mZyyY{fZ]Z,|]ZYg
|ZYccZ|]

cZfZucZY|Y,|]ZYg

/dyZ//v{/^fcY/Y,{m{Zd]Z[M}YYf]Yg
{edyZZ{,|Z]{e{
-[Z{Z]ZdyZ]ZfjY|u
-f]Y^\Z{fjY|u
{,|/Z||v Y{fZucZY|YZYY^|Y{fZê
|]ZYYf]dY{Y,|Zv Y
/Z/]d/dZu{e,{f][Z{|]Z{Yg
Z/]\ZY{ZdY{zeZ^{[M{vZ{]Z{Y][
|YYdZu\ZZ|YeyY

kda
eZY
f]Y]ZY

f]Z,|]ZY k
|//e[Md{ZY|,ZzYf],ISO 22965-1 {Y|ZfY
YYY|YD D 4mm Z5mmZ]Yd{ZY|dYZY|Z{Y|ZfY
//eZ/Y|Z]YY|YjY|uDmaxcZ^|eZY|Z
Z/{/{YM/Z/af//{,tv//YZ/Y/uY/],{
/{M/]YDmax]]cZYY,DmaxYfDY|,Y{{[ZzfY|]eZM
|
,uY Z dY mmZe mm{|v{ D eZ] ZY|Y Z] ZY| Z] f]
{Y|ZfY Y]Z] | |Ze Y d Y ,fz ,] d ,ZY| d] |Z
Z{]ZZ]f]{d{ZY|dYf]|Z]M{Z{ISO 22965-1
|Z]mmY|YY|uYY{]
,{/z{ZfY{ZY|YY|YjY|u,uYZZZYZYY]
|Z]ZnmmYfDY]
f]Y^cZY|Y,|]ZY k
|fyZYv]Zv{dyZZ{{ek
{/m{/|]ZYmmY|u{yZ]YZZ{ek
|]ZYYd^Z]ZeZMf]a{Y
{aYZY{Y{m,|Z]Zn{xf]k
|Z]C
Yf]f]Z{dyZ{{tZ{dYf]k
cZY|/Yd/Y//,|eYZ]vZZ{dYYmYZk
{scYiY]Y]{f]dZuY]ZfuY
Zef]ZZu~a,ve,|]ZY k
{|f,ve]ZYZ]dZ{Z],êY{dYf]k
|Z]|Z]f]ZeYyMZdZ{Z],Yf{yf]Y]dYf]k

Z]f]Y]cZ,YeY~Zm, |]ZY k
|Z]|Ye{{Y{m,{ZnYyY{|YZ]Ye{ek
Y/]d/Y/f]{Y~ZmMZv]|Zmf{{f]{ek
{{ZfY{ZY{f]Zn]ZmZY{{ZfY|YYf]Ye
kZyZe{{ZfYZv|YYc]Y~ZmY|]{ek
f/h/Z]|/Ye/|uY]|YY{e{f^vY|
{[ZfmY,{Y|mZvZ
/e|/Z]|/Y//Y/f|Y~Zmf]dZzdYf]k
|Z]^Z]d{|n|YZc]|Y{
{//eMY[~mdYf],{YZyY{{Y{\ZZmk
{f{f]ZZf]Ye{
Z/eZM/f/ad/YmY]v{|nYe,Z{k
{e,YZ
,{Zd{,YeY|]f]dYf],|Z]f{Z|Yfk
/{/cZîYM{]~a]Z,ZMZ]{Y{m,|Z^mmY]
|Z],ZYe]|Y]ZZe{{ZYdY
]]Zf{Y]Z{Z]{ZZZ,ZZZ]tZeYk
{ZnY,|Zet
{f]{]ntZeY{ek
,|/{/YtZZZtZ|dz,Z,[MZZacZY|YdYf]k
|Z]|YeZz{Y{m
\M|]d^Y,|eaZ]Z{Zef]YeY~Zmk
dYZ]Z|Zn]ZmZ
Yf{yf],YeY~Zm, |]ZY k
{]Z/]f]ZedZu{zcZYYZ],Yf{yf]fyYs{ek
|Z]fY{d]Z{Y]
-ZfecZv,ZeZMv,f]ZY|Y|]]|{|vY
-f]Zm,Ye,àY~ZmcYne
-veZ{Y|eY~ZmZ
ZeY
{meZ]cYZ^Z]YeYk|]]Yk
-{ad]ZY

-ZmdY|YY
-{Y|Y|]Zm,^d]Z
Y|md]Z
eZY{e{Y{f]Y~ZmuZ],YY|Zk
{z
/r,{/Y~/Zmf/a{,|uZe,Yf{yf]{ek
f]Z]ZnZ{jY|udYf]|Z]fY{d]ZY~ZmdZ]ved
{eYMY|ZYYf
{YM/,f/]/d]iZeYm]{ek
{{|vYf{yf]YZm
Y|/m/]/n{Y{Z/fuYq,{aYf{yf]YdYf]]k
,{Y|/{/mf/]d]iZe{d]ZiY{d{ZY|me]Z
{Z]Y|fd{Z]^dY
/j{/Y|/a|/fZZ{YeYYZm{YMd{|v]]ZYM{Z
RILEM SCCfY
dZuMZY k
|f\ZYeZ]ZZY|mc]MY]Zk
-v{\ZY|
d/Zu[M/zêY/mY]Z{Z^{,zê|cZvZ]f]t{a
-|Y|
-|y]Y]{ZaYYdZutZZa{Y{Y
-d]Zc]\Z[MZ]f]tfY|y
-{{ZnY\Z]M\eZY
{{ZfY{Zz]iYZ]MZZYdY
{Y|{mMcZêcZzY]Y|{Y|ZfYMZ,{Y|ZfYYeZ{M{Z
|Z]f^ZdZ]YZa]dYf]tuZYyfk
|Z]ZYZ^]dYf]Yyfe{M]k
-tmmjY|u{|Y|YZZ{YdZ\^Zv
-YYZ{ZZ^]dZ\^Zv
-Z{Z]|{Y{d]ZM
-]f]MY^ZYafZ]qM
1-Rebound hammer testing

|Y|Y]\Z]ZZ
|/cZîY,\ZdZ\]ZeZ^]f^dYf]dZ\cZ^Zvk
|Z]{{Y{YZ\eZZYYY]
{M|{M]Z],Z{Y|e\u]Y,Mc|kZekY|mk
/eY/]f/]f/{Z][Z{dYf]|Z],\ee],{MZe
{Z]auZ{f]dZ
zdZ{Zvf]dZZ]Zf{M{Y|uk|m
ab
f]dZ|Y]MZ{Y|u
tf]Z{
r = ( fcm2/fcm28)
daysc
t
C
|
!r
f
!r
|e
r

t

t

t d
t
/MY/dYY|]fZdZ]Y|]fZdZd^,f]dZ|a
mYISO 22965-2{Y|ZfY]{e,dYZ]Z\eYf]|fyZ{Z^]YZ
|
{YYYmYZ{YcZYY{e,fMdZ|Z]f]Y]b
{ehY]Y{ZY]c
{||eC{ZZ{Y|Y]c|,{e,CZZ{{d

zdZ{Zvf]dZZ]Zf{M{Y|uk|m
f]dZ|Y]MZ{Y|u
ab
tf]Z{
r = ( fcm2/fcm28)
daysc
t
C
|
!r
f
!r
|e
r

t

t

t d
t
/MYdYY|]fZdZ]Y|]fZdZd^,f]dZ|a
|
{ehY]Y{ZY]c
zdZ{Zvf]dZZf{M{Y|uk|m
ab
f]dZ|Y]MZ{Y|u
tf]Z{
r = ( fcm2/fcm28)
daysc
|
!r
f
!r
t
C
|e
r

t

t

t

t d
/MYdYY|]fZdZ]Y|]fZdZd^,f]dZ|a
|
{ehY]Y{ZY]c
Z/eZMf/]/a[ZzfYf]\e[ZzfY,{]ZZ{]M{[ZzfYk
|fZfYZaZY|YY[MY{Y{f]

Y]Z/],d/YZ]ZM{Y|m|}t]|YeMcZêk
dYY|ZnYZ{ZZZ][MZm|Z]ZM{Y|mY
|vY{Z{]Z,ZMcZêY{ZfYk
dY{YZMZ]f]Z{fvcYiZek
-ZeY|{yZe
-dZme]ZZ
-zzeme]ZYY
|Y|fz^Z|fzZ],Z{fyYYY
|ZetY]ZY k
|YY^Z|ZetY]cZYY{ek
YY/d//f/]{|fY~{kZytZ~ad]Z\ZtZ
Yf/]{|/n{ZfYYYY]fztZ{]Z]{||e,d|Zet
-dY{YM,
-Zy{YY{ZfYc{m{Y|{mm{ZcZîY]eZYY
,|f/d]ZcYiYZmYY,Y|YZd|vdYf]vZu
-|YY
ZncZYvYY{YYcfyYY,|YYYYY|YdYf]n|eZZcfyY
|Z]\ZcfyYZ{e,|ffZ{
|Z]ZnZZeYsYY]dyY{aZmdyY{a
/YmYZ/cZYY{Y{ZY]k|m{|ZetYY{]ZYZjk
|Y|YY

|ZesYYk|m
Zj
{Z{]Z

|{Y{s
Za
|Z^Z{ZycZYYZm
Za|Zes
sZ||ZetZ]uY
ZZdY{yY{|Zd]Z
]Z]Zd
Y]ZdZZm
ZY|ZesdZ{
|Zes
uY||{ZuY
ZfuY,|Y|{ZM YY{d]ZcYiY]Zm
y]{Y{|
dYdY
{Y{{mcZYY
sZ uY
|f
|Z]|YYYcZYYZm
{Z|Zes
|Zes
|{Y{s
ZZY|ZesZ]uY
fZ]|Zes
Z]||ef]dyYt
ZYZ]Z|]]ZYe
Za|Zes
ZZ[}ZZ]uY
|ZYZ
ZZ]||eYedyYt
]Z|YZ{
|Zes
Z]uY,ZZyZ{ZZZ^Y
ZuYZZf{YfYZZeY
Y|Zet|]
ZZ]||eZYft
M]ZZ|
{Z|Zes
dY]Z^YZZ]uY
Z|M
ZY]ZycZYYv
|YY{|ZetZY
dY
|Zes

1-Plain

oda
eZY
|ZY{YY]ZY
cZ|ZY{Y,|]ZY o
YYZYY{]]{Y~ZmZZc|{Zn|cZYvYY],daY{
|//qYZiZefY{Y]dY|ZdY]ZY{YZYdY|
|YfY

ZaZaZZe |ZY{Y, |]ZY o

Y]ZnYvY
{Y{Y
s
YvY
{
a{d
ZaZe
y]d^
Zi
ZY
xdm{ZiyX
ydm{ZiyY
YZey1
dm{d
ZaZeWZ
y]d^

Zi
B
ZY
{Zis1
{Zh
ZaZaZZedY]ZncZYvYo

ZY{Zf |ZY{Y,|]Y]ZY o

Y]ZnYvY
{Y{Y
s
YvY
{
a{d
d^f
Ziy]
dm{d
ZaZeWZ
y]d^
Zi
ZY
xdm{ZiyX
ydm{ZiyY
Yfy1
B

ydm{Ziy
Yf]

Yf]ZY
a
mm
]ZyZ
ZZf
ZnZY{
|Z]Z{,fyZaZZeZeY]|Yee{{Z,Ze{a
YZ,ZY{ZfdY]ZncZYvYo

ZY{Ze |ZY{Y,|]ZY o

Y]ZnYvY
{Y{Y
s
YvY
{

Yf]
{]f
ZeY

Yf]

mmYf]
]Z
,ZnZe
|Y|Y
ZfZ{
B

YZeYYvY
Y{
,ZneYe
|Y|Y
ZnZ{

ZYe
ZZeZn
ZYe
|Y|Y
ZZ]d^
Zi

mmYf]

|
ZiYe1
|Z]Z{,fyZaZZeZeY]|Yee{{Z,Ze{a
ZY{ZeY]ZncZYvYo
Z |ZY{Y, |]ZY o

Y]ZnYvY
{Y{Y
s
YvY

{
Yf]
t{]Z

Yf]
A

t{Z]Ya
tY]ZncZYvYo

s^{]f |ZY{Y,|]Y]ZY o

Y]ZnYvY
s
{Y{Y
YvY
{]t
{
{]t
ZZ|\Zt

|\Zt

Yf]
Yf
t|\Y
B

^{]f
ZY]
C

Yf]

Z^sY]ZncZYvYo

cZvZuY{Y |ZY{Y,|]Y]ZY o

Y]ZnYvY
s
{Y{Y
YvY
{

ZnZu
cZv

{Y{m
Z{
{YmY
|Z]|Z]
xy
D
xy
|f y xdm{ZiyYYvY
dYYvYD
{|Zd
Zfe

{Y{m
Z{
{YmY
|Z]|Z]
B

xy
|f y xdm{ZiyYYvY
Ay]d^[Zf]{|d{cZYvY
dY|Y|Y
{Y{Y{Yo

Y]ZnYvY
{Y{Y
s
YvY
{

Zd]
Z
]ZcZv

ZZ
mmYf]
l3/200Z
Z{Y
Z]{YmY
|Z]|
Y~Zm
yZd]
d]
yY{ Z
Zd] ]
Zd]]Zl1
|Ma
Zd]]Z l2
d]{YMl3
\
Zd]
Z
]ZcZv

{{Y{m
YmYZ
|Z]|Z]{
{cZYvY
a
{cZYvY

{Yd1
a{Yd2
dY|Y|Y
cZvZuY]ZncZYvYo

sda
eZY
êZZMZfyZcYY]ZY
cZ/YY/Y{//YY/YmYZ{eZYY|e,{Y|ZfYYZ|]]{
ZfyZcY{cZYYY{YZ]{ZY{zacZz{dY
dY|YY,dY|fZfyZcYle|ef{e

wda
eZY
Z]Zf

ISIRI - 12978 Building Conc Structures

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

ISIRI - 12978 Building Conc Structures

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Islamic Republic of Iran

Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran

Execution of concrete structures

1- International organization for Standardization

Ze Zj Y ] ,|]eZM Z ] d { v Y] {ZfY {

]{ZZZe{ \Z{Z]Y]YM ,|fzf] Y],Y{Zd Z

Zn ZYvYYYn ] {mYZ] ZY,dYd|]Y| Y{Y M{Z

Z YmYY]Z ]Z cYnecZZ]Z,dY|{Y|ZfYY{   

{YZjY],|dZ Y Z{Y|ZfYcY]Y ,|ZdY|   

  Z|]]Z

  Z|]]Z

  Z|]]Z

|]{|YYcZYY]Z \Z,d]Y{ Y] tZ

|]{|YYcZYY]Z Z ] { Y { |Z^ |ea|]eZM

,f]]|fZ]|[ZzfY v] |Z],{]Zc{,|ZY    

Z vf]]^cZzZ]vZZ],|Z]dZZY]{ZfY{ ZuZY{

, ,dbZ ] |Z | Z ] Z t Y] { Y vZ   

{|YYY{Y f{Zd] ,|dZud]Zi|Z]ZeZM   

{ZY{YZ|eaf]dyZY] Ze Z|]cZYY  

,Z,ZZeY,ZZ|Z,Zy{]Z]] dY ZdZ|aZZ M{Z

,c{]Z]ZZ YM\ee,{YM Z Z|z{|] Z

cZYY ,c Y { ,y Z dY Z , ZZ] Y Y|Y ZM | f   

{e|Z]Z],c{   

,{Z]Z{|]{Z |]daZm,Y {Z] Ye,{]^ec{

mmY e] fyYe{,YM Y{Y ^mYZYq

    

   

      

, Zn Y|u

Y iZf uZ { y ,|Z] | z {  {Y { m   c

zY{Y|Z]{e,    Z|]cZYY]   g

zY{Y|Z]{e,    Z|]cZYY]   g

|ZY   c   cZ|]

cZ fZucZY|Y,  |]ZY g

ZaZaZZe |ZY{Y, |]ZY o

ZY{Zf |ZY{Y, |]Y]ZY o

ZY{Ze |ZY{Y, |]ZY o

Z |ZY{Y, |]ZY o

s^{]f |ZY{Y, |]Y]ZY o

cZvZuY{Y |ZY{Y, |]Y]ZY o

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen

Ze Zj Y ] ,|]eZM Z ] d { v Y] {ZfY {

]{ZZZe{ \Z{Z]Y]YM ,|fzf] Y],Y{Zd Z

Zn ZYvYYYn ] {mYZ] ZY,dYd|]Y| Y{Y M{Z

Z YmYY]Z ]Z cYnecZZ]Z,dY|{Y|ZfYY{

{YZjY],|dZ Y Z{Y|ZfYcY]Y ,|ZdY|

Z|]]Z

Z|]]Z

Z|]]Z

|]{|YYcZYY]Z \Z,d]Y{ Y] tZ

|]{|YYcZYY]Z Z ] { Y { |Z^ |ea|]eZM

,f]]|fZ]|[ZzfY v] |Z],{]Zc{,|ZY

Z vf]]^cZzZ]vZZ],|Z]dZZY]{ZfY{ ZuZY{

, ,dbZ ] |Z | Z ] Z t Y] { Y vZ

{|YYY{Y f{Zd] ,|dZud]Zi|Z]ZeZM

{ZY{YZ|eaf]dyZY]ZeZ|]cZYY

,Z,ZZeY,ZZ|Z,Zy{]Z]] dY ZdZ|aZZM{Z

,c{]Z]ZZ YM\ee,{YM Z Z|z{|] Z

cZYY ,c Y { ,y Z dY Z , ZZ] Y Y|Y ZM | f

{e|Z]Z],c{

,{Z]Z{|]{Z |]daZm,Y {Z] Ye,{]^ec{

mmY e] fyYe{,YM Y{Y ^mYZYq

Y iZf uZ { y ,|Z] | z { {Y { m c

zY{Y|Z]{e,Z|]cZYY]g

zY{Y|Z]{e,Z|]cZYY]g

|ZYccZ|]

cZfZucZY|Y,|]ZYg

ZaZaZZe |ZY{Y, |]ZY o

ZY{Zf |ZY{Y,|]Y]ZY o

ZY{Ze |ZY{Y,|]ZY o

Z |ZY{Y, |]ZY o

s^{]f |ZY{Y,|]Y]ZY o

cZvZuY{Y |ZY{Y,|]Y]ZY o