Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Doug Brutlag Professor Emeritus Biochemistry and Medicine (by courtesy) brutlag@stanford.edu Doug Brutlag 2011
Thanks
Pat Muller Antacids versus Histamine-2 Blockers Melissa Del Sol Genetics for Dummies and 23andMe Discount Dan Feldman Pointer to Epigenetics John Stark and Talia Kostick to futher epigenetic references including NOVA show
Service, R. F. (2001). The human genome: Objection #1: big biology is b Science, 291(5507), 1182.
Vogel, G. (2001). The human genome: Objection #2: why sequence the j Science, 291(5507), 1184.
Limit sequencing to 1.5% of genome that codes proteins. Do not sequence intergenic regions genetic wastelands. Do not sequence repeated regions (telomeres and heterochromatin).
Service, R. F. (2001). The human genome: Objection #3: impossible to d Science, 291(5507), 1186.
Technology of the time permitted 500 bp per day per person. Move from radioactively labeled sequencing to fuorescent sequencing permitted complete automation up to 1 gigabyte per year.
Doug Brutlag 2011
1997
Lets sequence the human genome with the shotgun strategy
Phil Green
Thanks to Seraf m Batzoglou i Doug Brutlag 2011
Gene Myers
Contig
PCR Requirements
DNA
Need to know at least the beginning and end of DNA sequence These flanking regions have to be unique to strand interested in amplifying Region of interest can be present in as little as one copy Enough DNA in 0.1 microliter of human saliva to use PCR
Thermocycler
PCR Applications
Forensics assessment/reassessment of crimes Archaeology determine gene sequences of ancient organisms rethinking the past, human origins Molecular Biology Cloning genes Sequencing genes Finishing genome sequences Amplification of DNA or RNA Medicine Diagnostics for inherited disease Diagnostics for gene expression Diagnostics for gene methylation
Doug Brutlag 2011
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and Short Insertion/Deletions in The Human Genome
Phospholinked Fluorophores
Archon X-Prize
Intron
Exon
Intron
Exon
Promoter
Exon
Intron
Exon
Intron
Exon
Terminator
Gene (DNA)
Transcription
Promoter Exon
Intron
Exon
Intron
Exon
Terminator
Gene (DNA) Transcript (RNA)
Transcription
Splicing
mRNA (RNA)
Intron
Exon
Intron
Exon
Transcription
Splicing
5
Alternate Splicing
mRNA-2 (RNA)
Doug Brutlag 2011
Promoter Exon
5UTR
Intron
Exon
Intron
Exon
3UTR 3UTR
Transcription
Splicing
5
5UTR
Coding Region
3
3UTR 3UTR
mRNA (RNA)
Translation
N-terminus C-terminus
Protein
Doug Brutlag 2011
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Databases ESTs UniGene & Full Length cDNA RefSeq
Promoter Exon
Intron
Exon
Intron
Transcription
Exon
Terminator
Gene (DNA) Transcript (RNA)
Splicing
5
5 ESTs
mRNA (RNA)
Intron
Exon
Intron
Exon
3 UTR
Transcription
Splicing
5
5 ESTs
5 UTR 3 UTR
Protein
NCBI Genomes
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=genome