Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Jaime V. Mendoza, PEE, MTM Member Board of Electrical Engineering Chairman Distribution Management Committee, ERC
Qualified Person
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Interpretation
The Board of Electrical Engineering shall render the final decision in the interpretation of any portion of the PEC, in case of controversy.
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1) Manufacturers Name 2) Rated Volts and Full-load Amperes 3) Rated Frequency and Number of Phases, if an alternating current motor, etc. 4) Rated full-load speed
Carmelray Industrial Park I Canlubang, Calamba, Laguna
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Various Categories of the Code Rules which apply in a Motor and the Circuits
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In the Installation Rules , one element of the Triangle of Fire is removed to make the installation safe.
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Existing provisions became unsafe New technologies New products New methods or techniques
(needs for CPE)
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w/ Adaptor
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New technologies
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit Non-metallic Conduit
equipment grounding conductors
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New products
GFCI and AFCI
a) Dwelling Units (GFCI) 1. Bathrooms 2. Garages 3. Outdoors 4. Crawl spaces at or below grade level 5. Unfinished basements 6. Kitchens for countertop appliances 7. Wet bar sinks
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II. Branch Circuit 2.20.2.1 - 7 Load Calculations III. Feeder and Service Load Calculations 2.20.3.1 - 23
III. Optional 2.20.3.1 - 7 Calculations for Computing Feeder and Service Loads IV. Method for 2.20.4.1 - 2 Computing Farm Loads
IV. Optional Feeder2.20.4.1 - 9 And Service Load Calculations V. Farm Calculation 2.20.5.1- 4
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Receptacles
A.
..maybe that your son, daughter, or grandchildren that you will save
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Tamper-Resistant Receptacles
Insertion of an object in any one side does not open the shutter (left), but a two-bladed plug or grounding plug compresses the Spring and simultaneously opens both shutters (right)
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Accessible, Readily
Accessible, Readily
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Accessible, Readily
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Overcurrent protection devices must not be located in the bathrooms of dwelling units, or in guest rooms or guest suites of hotels or motels.(2.40.2.5
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Vertical Position
Enclosures for overcurrent devices must be mounted In a vertical position, unless this isnt practical. (2.40.3.3)
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Accessible
Accessible (as applied to equipment) Admitting close approach; not guarded by locked doors, elevation, or other effective means.
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Within Sight
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Overcurrent
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Wiring Methods
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Wiring Methods
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Wiring Methods
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Receptacles
General Receptacle Placement 210.52(A)
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Receptacles
Maximum Distance to a Receptacle
210.52(A)(1)
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Receptacles
Wall Spaces 600 mm (2 ft) in Width210.52(A)(2)(1)
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Receptacles
Receptacle placement in a kitchen
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Extension Cords
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Luminaire as Raceway
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Decorative Lightings
Faulty or inadequate decorative lighting causes the majority of Christmas tree fires. ( Do not used indoor Christmas lights for outside or outdoor decorative lightings.)
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Faulty Wirings?
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Faulty Wirings?
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Electrical Installation
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c)
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Unused cable or raceway openings must be closed with a fitting that provides equivalent protection.
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Internal parts of electrical equipment must be covered to avoid damage from paint or other substances.
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Conductors must be spliced by a listing splicing device and they are NOT required to be twisted together prior to the installation of a twist-on wire connector.
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Twist-on Connectors
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Example of the 30 inch minimum working space at the rear of equipment to allow work on nonelectrical parts, such as the replacement of an air filter,
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Unacceptable arrangement of a large switchboard. A person could be trapped behind arcing electrical equipment.
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1.10.2.1(d) Illumination
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Electric Shock
Electric shock is the physical simulation or trauma that occurs as a result of electric current passing through the body.
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Electric Shock
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Electric Shock
Electric Shock Severity
1.
Path of Current through Body Length of Time Current Flows Amount of Current through Body
2.
3.
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Electric Shock
Current flow through body tissues delivers energy in the form of heat. The magnitude of energy may be approximated by
J = I2Rt
where J = energy, joules I = current, amperes R = resistance of the current path through the body, ohms t = time of current flow, seconds
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ELCB!!!
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Potential Difference
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Potential Difference
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Potential Difference
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Potential Difference
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Potential Difference
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Grounded Systems
1) 2) 3) 4) Electrical System Grounding Grounding of Electrical Equipment Bonding of Electrical Equipment Bonding of Electrically Conductive Materials and Other Equipment 5) Effective Ground-Fault Current Path
B.
Ungrounded Systems
1) Grounding of Electrical Equipment 2) Bonding of Electrical Equipment 3) Bonding of Electrically Conductive Materials and Other Equipment 4) Path for Fault Current
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Grounded Systems
Electrical System GroundingElectrical systems that are grounded shall be connected to earth in a manner that will limit the voltage imposed by lightning, line surges, or unintentional contact with higher voltage lines and that will stabilize the voltage to earth during normal operation.
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Lightning Theory
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Grounded Systems
Grounding of Electrical Equipment
Normally non-currentcarrying conductive materials enclosing electrical conductors or equipment, or forming part of such equipment, shall be connected to earth so as to limit the voltage to ground on these materials.
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Grounded Systems
Bonding of Electrical Equipment Normally non-currentcarrying conductive materials enclosing electrical conductors or equipment, or forming part of such equipment, shall be connected together and to the electrical supply source in a manner that establishes an effective ground-fault current path.
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Grounded Systems
5. Effective Ground-Fault Current Path Electrical equipment, wiring, and other electrically conductive material likely to become energized shall be installed in a manner that creates a low-impedance circuit facilitating the operation of the overcurrent device or ground detector for high impedance grounded systems. It shall be capable of safely carrying the maximum groundfault current likely to be imposed on it from any point on the wiring system where a ground fault may occur to the eletrical supply source. The earth shall NOT be considered as an effective ground fault current path.
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Ungrounded Systems
1. Grounding of Electrical Equipment Normally non-current-carrying conductive materials enclosing electrical conductors or equipment, or forming part of such equipment, shall be connected to earth in a manner that will limit the voltage imposed by lightning or unintentional contact with higher voltage lines and limit the voltage to ground on these materials. Bonding of Electrical Equipment Normally non-current-carrying conductive materials enclosing electrical conductors or equipment, or forming part of such equipment, shall be connected together and to the supply system grounded equipment in a manner that creates a lowimpedance path for ground-fault current that is capable of carrying the maximum fault current likely to be imposed on it.
2.
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Ungrounded Systems
2. Bonding of Electrical Equipment
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Ungrounded Systems
3. Bonding of Electrically Conductive Materials and Other Equipment
Electrically conductive materials that are likely to become energized shall be connected together and to the supply system grounded equipment in a manner that creates a lowimpedance path for ground-fault current that is capable of carrying the maximum fault current likely to be imposed on it.
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Arrangement to Prevent Objectionable Current The grounding of electrical systems, circuit conductors, surge arresters, surge protective devices, and conductive normally non-current-carrying metal parts of equipment shall be installed and arranged in a manner that will prevent objectionable current over the grounding conductors or grounding paths.
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Preventing Objectionable Current To prevent a fire, electric shock, or improper operation of circuitprotection devices or sensitive equipment, electrical systems and equipment must be installed in a manner that prevents objectionable current from flowing on conductive materials, electrical equipment, or grounding and bonding paths.
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Limitations to Permissible Alterations The provision of this section shall not be considered as permitting electronic equipment for being operated on AC systems or branch circuits that are not connected to an equipment grounding conductor as required by this article. Currents that introduce noise or data errors in electronic equipment shall NOT be considered the objectionable currents addressed in this section.
Section 2.50.1.6(d)
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Limitations to Permissible Alterations The provision of this section shall not be considered as permitting electronic equipment for being operated on AC systems or branch circuits that are not connected to an equipment grounding conductor as required by this article. Currents that introduce noise or data errors in electronic equipment shall not be considered the objectionable currents addressed in this section.
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Types of Grounding
System Grounding Equipment Grounding These two are kept separate except at the point where they receive their source of power, such as at the service equipment or at a separately derived system!!!
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AC System of Less than 50 Volts shall be grounded under any of the ff. conditions where:
1) Supplied by transformers, if the transformer supply exceeds 250 V to ground Supplied by transformers, if the transformer supply is ungrounded Installed outside as overheads
2)
3)
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AC systems of 50 V to 1000 V that supply premises wiring and premises wiring systems shall be grounded under any of the ff conditions, where the system:
1) Can be grounded so that the maximum voltage to ground on the ungrounded conductors does not exceed 250 V: 240 V 1 phase, 120/240 V -1-phase, 3 wire and 208/120 V, 3-phase, 4-wire 2) Is 3-phase, 4-wire, wye-connected in which the neutral conductor is used as a circuit conductor: 208/120 V, 3phase, 4-wire, and 480/277 V, 3-phase, 4-wire 3) Is 3-phase, 4-wire, delta-connected in which the midpoint of one phase winding is used as a circuit conductor: 120/240 V, 3-phase, 4-wire, and 240/480 V, 3-phase, 4-wire
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25 0V
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250 V
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2.50.2.1(e) Impedance Grounded Neutral Systems Impedance grounded neutral systems shall be grounded in accordance with 2.50.2.17 or 2.50.10.7
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2.50.2.1(b)
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2.50.2.5(a)(1) General
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WHY?
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6.95.1.1 Scope
a)
Covered 1) Electric power sources and interconnecting circuits 2) Switching and control equipment dedicated to fire pump drivers
b) Not Covered 1) The performance, maintenance, and acceptance testing of the fire pump system, and the internal wiring of the components of the system 2) Pressure maintenance (jockey or makeup) pumps
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Individual Source
1) Electric Utility Service. A separate service from a connection located ahead of but not within the service disconnecting means. 2) On-Site Power. An on-site power supply, such as generator, located and protected to minimize damage by fire is permitted to supply a fire pump.
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Multiple Sources
1) Generator Capacity. Shall have sufficient capacity to allow normal starting and running 0f the motor(s) driving the fire pump(s) while supplying other simultaneously operated load. 2) Feeder Sources. 3) Arrangement. The power sources shall be arranged so that a fire at one will not cause an interruption at the other source.
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2) Feeder Sources
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6.95.1.5 Transformers
Dedicated transformer and overcurrent protection sizing can be broken down into three requirements.
1. The transformer must be size to at least 125% of the sum of the loads. 2. The transformer primary overcurrent device must be at least a specified minimum size. 3. The transformer secondary must not contain any overcurrent device whatsoever.
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6.95.1.5 Transformers
The overcurrent device in the primary of a transformer supplying a fire pump installation. The device is required to be sized to carry the locked-rotor current motor(s) and associated fire pump accessory equipment indefinitely.
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Service and Feeder Conductors. Supply conductors must be physically routed outside buildings and must be installed in accordance with Article 2.30. Where supply conductors cannot be routed outside buildings, they must be encased in 2 inches or 50 mm of concrete or brick.
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Branch circuit conductors to a single fire pump motor must have a rating not less than 125% of the motor FLC as listed in Table 4.30.14.2 or 4.30.14.4
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The voltage drop at the line terminals of the controller when the motor starts (locked-rotor current), must not drop more than 15% below the controllers rated voltage.
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GOOD Morning!
Carmelray Industrial Park I Canlubang, Calamba, Laguna