d

(NydKifyGJ0if yxrqk&)

ax70g' Ak'bmom
a&pBudK t&Sif{odu
t&Sif{odu (bkef;EG,f)
pmaya&mifjcnfausmif;
atmifajrom,molaX;wkduf
a& p BudK NrdKU /

&nf&G,fcsuf
1/ ax&0g' Ak'bmom oefYpifa&;
2/ ax&0g' Ak'bmom jyefYyGm;a&;
3/ tawG;tac: t,ltq rSefuefa&;
4/ ppfrSefaom A[kokw &&Sda&;
5/ vlrsdK;*kPf Zmwd*kPf jrifhrm;a&;

rmwdum
ed'gef;

( yxrykdif; )
tcef; (1)

ax&0g'ESifh r[m,me
Ak'jzpfawmfpOf tusOf;
ou&mZf &Sif;csuf
oHCm*kdPf; uGJjcif;taMumif;
ax&0g'ESifh r[moHCdu
Ak'bmom *dkPf;uGJrsm;
ax&0g'ESifh 0dbZ0g'D*kdPf;
jAm[PwkdY\ aoG;cJGrI
ok*Facwf Ak'omoem
uedoQurif;ESifh Ak'bmom
uedoQurif;\ oH*g,emwifyGJ
ax&0g'? r[m,me? [de,me
r[m,me*kdPf;\ y"mevrf;pOf
tdEd, omoemuG,fykH

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tcef; (2)

ax&0g'omoem jyefYyGm;&m
oD[kdVfEkdifiH ax&0g'jzpfpOf
oD[kdVfoHCm*kdPf;rsm;
,ckacwf *kdPf;rsm;
xkdif;EkdifiH ax&0g'jzpfpOf
xkdif;EkdifiH wnfaxmifjcif;
uarm'D;,m;EkdifiH ax&0g'jzpfpOf
owr aZ,0g&refrif;ESifh Ak'bmom
avmEkdifiH ax&0g'jzpfpOf

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tcef; (3)

ax&0g' oH*g,emyGJrsm;
oH*g,emed'gef;
yxr oH*g,emyGJawmf
'kwd, oH*g,emyGJawmf
wwd, oH*g,emyGJawmf

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rmwdum
pwkw oH*g,emyGJawmf
yOr oH*g,emyGJawmf
q| oH*g,emyGJawmf

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tcef; (4)

ax&0g' yd#uwfawmf
ax&0g'[lonf
0de, yd#uawmf
okw yd#uawmf
tbd"r yd#uawmf
Ak'usrf;pm pdppf&m

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tcef; (5)

ax&0g' "r&wem
bmomrsm;xJu Ak'bmom
Ak'bmom0if jzpfjcif;
Ak'bmom oDv
umvmra'oem pHjyKp&m
raumif;rI 'kpkdufqkd; 10-yg;
vlwkdYusifh&m r*Fvm
BuD;yGm;csrf;om a'oem
Ak'\ 'ew&m;awmf
r*if&Spfyg; jrwfw&m;
edAmefoabmw&m;

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tcef; (6)

ax&0g'ESifh jrefrmEkdifiH
Ak'bk&m;ESifh jrefrmEkdifiH
omoemtp wykESifh bvdu
'kwd,ajrmuf omoema&mufjcif;
ax&0g'ESifh oawoetjrif
oa&acw&macwf ax&0g'
jrefrmwkdY 0ifa&mufvmjcif;
ax&0g' omoemh EkdifiHawmf
jrefrmrif;rsm;vufxuf Ak'bmom

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rmwdum
tcef; (7)

ax&0g' *kdPf;uGJrsm;
yk*Hacwf *kdPfuGJrsm;
&mrn oHCm*kdPfrsm;
omoemawmf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fa&;
t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;
yGJausmif;*kdPf;
twif*kdPf;ESifh tkH*kdPf;
,aeYacwf *kdPf;rsm;
bmom0ifOD;a& EdIif;,SOfcsuf

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68

( 'kwd,ykdif; )
tcef; (1)
ax&0g' a&maESmvmaom ukd;uG,frIrsm;
ukd;uG,frIxGef;um;vmjcif;
jrefrmwkdY ewfukd;uG,frI
odMum;ewf ukd;uG,frI
ol&wDewf ukd;uG,frI
uGrf,ifr,fawmf ukd;uG,frI
N*dK[fewf ukd;uG,frI
ewfBuD; 5-yg;ESifh a'0D 21-yg;
jynfwGif;jzpfewfrsm; ukd;uG,frI
bkd;awmf r,fawmf ukd;uG,frI
&SifOy*kwf ukd;uG,frI
rif;0wfkyfyGm; ukd;uG,frI
'udPomcgESifh tjcm;kyfyGm; udk;uG,frI

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tcef; (2)

ax&0g' a&maESmaom ,kHMunfrIrsm;

*Em&Dtwwf ,kHMunfrI
aA'if ,kHMunfrI
&aohwkdY\ pdwfajz&m usrf;pmrsm;
e*g;ukd;uG,frI vufusef ,kHMunfrI
twdwf edrdwfponf ,kHMunfrI

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rmwdum
rEef&Gwfqkd ,kHMunfrI
pdyfykwD;jyem tajz&Sm
od'dwifjcif;

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tcef; (3)

ax&0g'ESifh jyify ,kHMunfukd;uG,frI

jyifyukd;uG,frI awmfvSefa&;
e*Fk|Zmwfawmf
ax&0g'tjrifESifh u,fwif&Sif
ax&0g'ESifh twdwf edrdwf ,kHMunfrI
edrdwfpGJ qefYusifa&; Zmwfawmfrsm;
ax&0g' Ak'bmom rlig;&yf
,kHMunf ukd;uG,frI rSefuefa&;

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ed*kH;

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udk;um;pmpk pm&if;

112

rmwdum NyD;\/

"rpmay tvif;yGifh
ax&0g' Ak'bmom PfylaZmfjcif; tcef;tem;ukd (23-2-1997) we*FaEGaeY
aeYvnf wpfem&DtcsdefwGif A[ef;NrdKUe,f? tmZmenfvrf;&Sd &SifomraP "rAdrmef usif;y
cJyh gonf/
tcrf;tem;ukd earmwbk&m;&Sdckd;jzifh zGifhvSpfcJhygonf/ yxrOD;pGm tusdK;
aqmiftzGJU Ou|jzpfol "r&HoDESifh "r&wemr*Zif; t,f'DwmcsKyffq&mMuD; OD;av;NrdKifu
pmayqk jzpfay:vmykEH iS hf tcrf;tem; jzpfay:vmykH taMumif;ukd &Si;f vif; wifjyygonf/
xldUaemuf pmayqk &&Sdaom usrf;jyKq&mawmf a&pBudK t&Sif{odu tm;
apwem&Sif "rpmayuavmif&Sif rav;jidrf (a':Oyormax&D)u "rpmay *kPfxl;aqmif
qkwHqdyf vufrSwfukd qufuyf ylaZmfygonf/
pmayqktwGuf aiGusyf okH;aomif;ukd apwem&Sif rav;Nidrfukd,fpm; tusdK;
aqmiftzGJU twGif;a&;rSL;jzpfol a':Or m Nrd K iifu pmrl&Sif ukd,fpm; uyd,um&u
*Dwynm&Sif tqkdawmf a':rmrmat;tm; ay;tyfygonf/
pmrltwGuf PfylaZmfcaiG usyfokH;aomif;ukd tusdK;awmfaqmif tzGJU0if
a':at;oefYu usrf;jyKq&mawmfukd,fpm; uyd,um&u "rpmay uavmif&Sif armif
0dbZtm; ay;tyfcJhygonf/
xkdYaemuf pma&;q&m 'gkdufwm q&mBuD; OD;okcu "ruxm tEkarm'em
jyKay;ygonf/ q&mBuD; OD;okc\ tEkarm'em O'gef;pum; NyD;qkH;onfESifh <ua&mufvm
aom &[ef;&Sifvl {nfhy&dowf taygif;wkdYu aomif;aomif;jzjz 0rf;omvdIufvSJ om"k
tEkarm'em jyKMuygonf/
tqkyd g tcrf;tem;okYd "rpmayynm&Sirf sm;? "r&o
H D r*Zif;ESihf "r&wem r*Zif;
wkdYwGif a&;om;Muonfh pmay uavmif&Sifrsm;? zdwfMum;xm;onfh {nfawmfrsm;? "rpmay
arGUavsmo
f rl sm;ESihf tusKd ;aqmif tzGUJ 0ifrsm; pnfum; oku
d Nf rdKufpmG wufa&mufcMhJ uygonf/
ykord ?f [oFmw? bku
d av;? armfuRe;f ? usKrH ai;? oHjzLZ&yf? a&pBudKpaom &yfa0;
e,fjcm; NrdKUe,f toD;oD;rS "rpmay uavmif&Sifrsm;onf c&D;tvSrf; a0;aomfjim;vnf;
jrwfEkd; apwem wuf<u&Tifvef;pGmjzifh tcrf;tem;okdY wufa&mufcJhMuygonf/
tcrf;tem;ukd taMumif;jyK awGUqkH BuHKBudKufcGifh &Muaom "rpmay
uavmif&SifwkdYonf tcsif;csif; 0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;ompGm rdwfqufMu? &ifESD; aEG;axG;pGm
ajymqkd aqG;aEG;MuESifh MunfEl; &ifckefpzG,f aumif;vSonfh trSwfw& jrifuGif;wpfckvnf;
jzpfc\
hJ /
tcrf;tem;okdY wufa&mufvmMuaom "rpmay arGUavsmfolrsm;? "rpmay
zefwD;olrsm;wGif touft&G,ftm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? *kPftm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? ynmtm;
jzifhvnf;aumif;? toufarG;0rf;usmif;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? aexkdif&m t&yfa'otm;jzifh
vnf;aumif; trsdK;rsdK; tzkHzkH uGJjym;jcm;emvsuf &Sdapumrl tm;vkH;wGif wlnDaom
tcsufwpfcsuf &Sdyg\/ ,if;tcsufrSm....

]] ax&0g' Ak'omoemawmfjrwfukd oefYoefY&Sif;&Sif; 0if;0if;vufvuf pifpif

Mu,fMu,f xGef;vif; awmufyapvkdaom o'gESvkH;om;rsm; ukd,fpD ukd,fiS&SdaeMujcif;
yif jzpfyg\/}}
ax&0g' Ak'bmompmtkyf jzpfay:vmjcif;ESifh pmayqk PfylaZmfjcif; tcrf;
tem;onf "rpmay zGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf rGefjrwfaom tpOftvmopf wpfckukd pwifysdK;
axmifcJhjcif; jzpfonfqkdu rSm;tHhrxifyg/
"rpmay jrwfEkd;ol? "r arGUavsmfol? bmom omoemaoG; ylaEG;olwkdif;
tpOftvmaumif;ukd qufvuf &Sifoefapvkdonfh ormqE ukd,fpD ukd,fiS xGef;yae
vdrfhrnf[k vdIufvdIufvSJvSJ ,kHMunfrdygownf;/ /
OrmNrdKif
( tusdK;aqmiftzGJU ukd,fpm;)

ed'gef;
acwftqufquf Ak'b
mom0if jrefrmvlrsKd ;wkYd onf rdrw
d Ydku,
dk u
f dk ]]] Ak'bmom
jrefrmvlrsdK; }} [l trTr;f wif ajymqkcd MhJ uonf/ ajymqkcd sufrmS ESpaf ygif; 900-twGi;f
>cif;csufr&Sd rSefuefcJhyg\/
jrefrmwkYd onf taemf&xmrif;vufxuf uk;d uG,rf I oefYpifa&;ukd aqmif&u
G Nf yD;
aemuf Ak'bmomukd t"duxm; udk;uG,f qnf;uyfcJhMuygonf/ Ak'bmomonf yxr
ae&m wnf&SdcJhygonf/
Ak'b
mom jrefrmvlrsKd ;[laom pum;qkd ;dk rSm jrefrmEkid if H jrefrmvlrsKd ;wkYd \ abmif
twGif; okH;EIef;aeaom pum;jzpfygonf/ urmhAk'bmom tokdif;t0kdif; taejzifhrl
jynfph Hk vkaH vmufjcif; r&Sad o;yg/ tb,fah Mumifq
h adk omf jrefrmwkYd \ Ak'b
momESihf rwlaom
tjcm; Ak'bmomvnf; &SdaeaomaMumifh jzpfonf/
,aeY urmay:wGif xif&Sm;aom Ak'bmom 2-rsdK; &Sdaeygonf/ ,if;wkdYrSm(1) ax&0g' Ak'bmom
(2) r[m,me Ak'bmom
wkYd jzpfygonf/
jrefrmvlrsdK;wkdY &nf&G,f ajymqkdaeaom bmomrSm ] ax&0g' Ak'bmom }
jzpf ygonf/
ax&0g'Ak'bmom[lonf tb,fenf;/
usr;f onf txufyg ar;cGe;f ukd ajzqkx
d m;aom usr;f jzpf\/ xkYd jyif ax&0g'
Ak'bmomxJ a&maESmaeaom jyify t,ltqrsm;ukdvnf; avhvm wifjyxm;ygonf/
jrefrmwkdYonf tcsdKUtaMumif;&yfrsm;ukd ax&0g' Ak'bmom[k xifrSwfum
tpOfrjywf uk;d uG,f qnf;uyfvmcJMh uonf/ tcsKd Uvnf; rd;dk zvm ,kMH unfcsujf zifh tquf
rjywf ukd;uG,frIrsm;vnf; &Sdygonf/
uJ h o k d Y ax&0g'Ak ' b momES i f h rywf o uf r,S u f E G , f a om a&maES m
ukd;uG,faerIrsm;ukd orkdif;jzpfpOfESifh ,SOfuyf a&;om;xm;ygonf/
pmtkyfukd zwfIjcif;jzifh ax&0g' Ak'bmomr[kwfaom ,kHMunfrI tpkpk
xJu wpfckckukd jzpfap y,fpGefYEkdifrnfqkdvQif a&;om;&usdK; eyfygNyD/ /
a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom
(yxrykdif;)
earm w b*0awm t&[awm ormorK' /

tcef; (1)

ax&0g'ESifh r[m,me
Ak'jzpfawmfpOftusOf;
bk&m;tavmif;awmf od'wrif;om;onf uydv0wfjynf bk&ifoka'g'e r[m
&mZm\ rdzk&m;BuD; oD&dr[mrm,ma'0DrS r[mou&mZf 68-ck? uqkefvjynfh aomMum
aeYwGif vkrdeDrnfaom tifMuif;awm zGm;awmfrlonf/
tavmif;awmfonf touf 16-ESpf t&G,fwGif ,aomf"&ma'0DESifhtwl eef;r
3-aqmif rif;pnf;pdrfukd 29-ESpft&G,ftxd cHpm;cJhonf/ xkdYaemuf edrdwfBuD; 4-yg;ukd
jrifawmfrloHa0* &awmfrlojzifh awm0emokdY xGufum w&m;"rukd usifhMuHcJhonf/
'ku&p&d,[kqkdaom tusifhrsdK;ukd yifyef;BuD;pGm usifhokH;cJhonf/ w&m;rSefukd r&ojzifh
rZdry#dy'gusifx
h ;Hk jzifh ajymif;vJ usif;ok;H cJ&h m r[mou&mZf 103-ck? uqkev
f jynfh Ak'[
;l
aeYwGif bk&m;tjzpfokdY a&mufawmfrlavonf/
bk&m;tjzpfokdY a&mufawmfrlNyD;aemuf uRwfxkdufaom a0ae,sow0g vlewf
jA[mwkdYtm; w&m;a&at; tNrdKufaq;ukd wkdufauR;awmfrl\/ 45-ESpf umvywfvkH;
"ra'oemwkdYukd a[mMum;cJhonf/ oufawmf 80-jynfhaomtcg r[mou&mZf 148ck? uqkefvjynfh t*FgaeY ukodemkHjynf rvmrif;wkdY\ tifMuif;a[rm O,smOfom0,f
y&dedAmef jyKawmfrlavonf/

ou&mZf &Sif;csuf
r[mou&mZf qkdonfrSm bk&m;ryGifhrDu bkd;awmftOerif; wnfxm;aom
ou&mZfukd ac:onf/
omoemou&mZf qkdonfrSm bk&m; y&dedAmef jyKNyD;aemuf yxroH*g,em
wifonfhESpfrS p a&wGufaom ESpfjzpfonf/
jrefrmou&mZf qkdonfrSm ykyg;apm&[ef;rif;vufxuf wnfxm;aom
ou&mZf jzpfonf/
c&pfESpf (bD? pD) qkdonfrSm c&pfray:rDESpfukd qkdonf/
c&pfESpf (at? 'D) qkdonfrSm c&pfawmf ay:NyD;ESpfrS p a&wGufonf/
omoemou&mZfonf jrefrmou&mZfxuf 1182-ESpf BuD;onf/ c&pfou
&mZfxuf 544-ESpf BuD;onf/ c&pfou&mZf (at?'D)onf jrefrmou&mZfxuf 638-ESpf

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (11)

BuD;onf/ xkdUaMumifh bk&m;&Sif y&dedAmefjyKaom ESpfukd c&pfray:rD bDpD 544-[k omoemh

orkdif;rsm;u twnfjyKxm;Muonf/ urmhorkdif; tqkdESifh tenf;i,f jcm;em;rI &Sdygonf/

oHCm*kdPf;uGJjcif; taMumif;
bk&m;&Sif y&dedAmef jyKNyD;aemuf wynfhom; &[ef;oHCmwkdYonf bk&m;&Sif a[m
Mum;aom a'oemwkdYukd wpfoa0rwdrf; vkdufemcJhMuonf/ usifhMuHcJhMuonf/
omoemawmfESpf 100-okdY a&mufaomtcgrl &[ef;om; avmu tawG;tjrifrsm;
ajymif;vJvmMuonf/ oabmw&m;opfrsm; ay:aygufvmonf/ Ak'\ 0de,Oya'ukd
jyKjyifrIrsm; jyKvkyfvmMuonf/ xkd&[ef;rsm;rSm a0omvDjynfrS 0Zdykwuac: 0Zdwkdif;om;
&[ef;rsm; jzpfonf/
0Zdwkdif;om; &[ef;wkdYonf bk&m;&Sif\ 0denf;a'oemawmfESifh qefYusifaom
t"r0wK 10-rsdK;ukd jyifqif usifhokH;aeMuonf/ ,if;yk*dKvfwkdY jyifqif usifhokH;aom
t"r0wKrsm;rSm okdYjzpfonf/
(1) o*avmPuy/ / om;csdKbl;xJ xnfh aqmifxm;tyfaom qm;ukd aeYpOf
qGrf;pm;wkdif; a&maESm pm;Ekdifonf[k jyifqifonf/
(&[ef;awmfwkdYonf rdrdwkdYbmom odrf;qnf; aemuf&ufa&mufrS qGrf;ESifh a&m
okH;aqmifvQif ygpdwftmywf oifh\/)
(2) 'G*kFvuy/ / rGef;wnfhNyD;aemuf ae&dyf vufESpfopf vGefonftxd &[ef;rsm;
qGrf;paom tm[m&ukd okH;aqmifEkdifonf[k jyifqifonf/
( &[ef;awmfrsm;onf rGef;wnfhNyD;aemuf abmZOftm[m&ukd okH;aqmifvQif
0dumvabmZeodumyk'ft& ygpdwftmywfoifh\/)
(3) tm0gouy/ / odrfwpfck twGif;yif ukd,fhtkyfpkESifukd,f wpfzGJUpD cGJ oHCmh
uHrsm; jyKvkyfEkdifonf[k jyifqifonf/
( 0denf;a'oemawmft& odrfwpfck twGif;rSm oHCmnDnGwfrIukd jy&ef &[ef;
wpfyg;ESifh wpfyg; wpfawmifhxGm [wygof pyfatmif xkdifMu&onf/ ukd,fhtkyf
pkESifhukd,f oHCmhuH jyKvkyfygu uHysufonf/ oHCmuGJjym;aeaomaMumifh tmywf
oifhonf/)
(4) tEkrwduy/ / oHCmhtpnf;ta0; jyKvkyf&mwGif oHCmpkHatmif rapmifhbJ
aemufrS a&mufvmaom oHCmhxHrS oabmwlnDcsufukd aemufrS &,lrnf[k
MuH&G,f tvsifa&mufESifhaom oHCmrsm;u oHCmhuH jyKEkdifonf[kjyifqifonf/
( oHCmhtpnf;ta0;okdY rwufa&mufEkdifaom &[ef;rsm;onf xkdtpnf;ta0;u
qkH;jzwforQukd oabmwlaMumif; BudKwifqE ay;Mu&onf/ tpnf;ta0; NyD;rS
ay;aom qEonf w&m;r0ifay/ xkdYaMumifh oabmwlnDcsuf r&&SdbJ a&muforQ
oHCm wpfpdwfwpfykdif;jzifh qkH;jzwfrIonf w&m;r0ifay/ oHCmrnDnGwfaom
qkH;jzwfrIrSmvnf; atmifjrifjcif; r&Sdacs/ )
(5) tmpdPuy/ / rdrdwkdY\ q&morm; jyKvkyfcJhaom tpOftvmukd vufcH
jyKvkyfEkdifcGifh &Sdonf/ q&morm;wkdYukd twkvkduf jyKvkyfjcif;aMumifh tmywf
roifh[k jyifqifonf/
( q&morm;wkdY jyKvkyfaom tpOftvm xkH;pHrsm;onfvnf; 0denf;ESifh nDvQif
tmywfroifh/ 0denf;ESifh rnDvQifum; tmywfoifhonfom jzpfonf/)

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (12)

(6) *grE&uy/ / tjcm;&GmokdY oGm;&efudp &Sdygu y0g&dwfoifhaom &[ef;onf

twd&dwf0denf;uH rjyKbJ qGrf;ukd pm;Ekdifonf[k jyifqifonf/
( &[ef;onf qGrf;pm;pOf ]] awmfNyD}} [k ajymvQif y0g&dwfoifhonf[k ac:onf/
pm;cGifh r&Sdawmhay/ tu,f pm;vkdjyefvQif tjcm;&[ef;tm; pGefYvkduf&onf/
xkd&[ef;u jyefay;rS pm;cGifh&Sd\/ okdY jyKvkyfjcif;ukd twd&dwf0denf;uH jyKonf
[k ac:\/ twd&dwf0denf;uH rjyKbJ pm;okH;ygu ygpdwftmywf oifhonf/ )
(7) trxdwuy/ / y0g&dwfoifhaom &[ef;onf twd&dwf0denf;uH rjyKbJ EkdY&nf
tjzpfukd vGef 'defcsOftjzpf ra&mufao;aom EkdYcsOfukd aomufcGifh&Sdonf[k
jyifqifonf/
( 0denf;odumyk'fwGif EkdY&nfukdvnf;aumif;? 'defcsOfukdvnf;aumif; abmZOf
xnfhoGif;xm;&m pyful;rwful;umvjzpfaom EkdYcsOf&nfrSm bk&m;a[m abmZOfrS
tvGwfjzpfonf[k MuHq avQmhaygh jyifqifjcif; jzpfonf/ )
(8) ZaVm*D/ / aumufnif;qef? xef;vsuf? MuHoumponfwkdYukd pdrf&nfjzpfatmif
azmfpyf&m pdrf&nftjzpf ra&mufao;aom ao&nftEkpm; xef;&nfcg;wkdYukd
&[ef;awmfrsm; aomufokH;Ekdifonf[k jyifqifonf/
( &[ef;awmfrsm;onf pdrf&nf? acgif&nf? xef;&nf? ao&nf tEkpm; rl;,pfaq;
0g;ukd okH;aqmifygu ygpdwftmywf oifhonf/ )
(9) t'ouHedoD'eH/ / &[ef;rsm;twGuf tNrdwftqmrygaom edoD'kdif (ae&m
xkdifcif;)ukd okH;aqmiftyfonf[k jyifqifonf/
( tNrdwftqmrygaom ae&mxkdifcif; (edoD'kdif) ukd rtyfpyf[k Ak'ynwfcsuf
&Sdonf/ )
(10) Zmwly &Zw/ / &[ef;awmfrsm;onf a&T aiG tojymwkdYukd tvSLcHEkdifonf
[k jyifqifonf/
( &[ef;awmfwkdYonf a&TaiGwkdYukd tvSLrcH&[k Ak'ynwfcsuf &Sdonf/ )

ax&0g'ESifh r[moHCdu
0Zdwkdif;om; &[ef;wkdYonf txufyg jyifqifcsuf 10-ck ('o0wKu)wkdYukd
w&m;0iftvkyfuJhokdY ajymifajymifwif;wif; vkyfukdifaeMuonf/
&Sifr[m,orax&fBuD;onf xkdowif;ukd Mum;ojzifh a0omvDjynf r[m0kef
ausmif;wkdufokdY a&muf&Sdvmonf/ xkdtcsdefwGif oHCmrsm; OykofjyKcsdefESifh wkdufqkdifae\/
xkad eYwiG f &[ef;wkYd onf oHCmhtv,frmS a&Tzvm;BuD;ukd csxm;\/ Oykoaf eYwiG f w&m;em
aom 'g,um 'g,dumrwkdYukd y&du&mzkd; vSL'gef;Mu&ef a[majymonf/ vlwkdYuvnf;
wwftm;oa&GU yg0ifvSL'gef;Muonf/
&Sifr[m,oonf vkyf&yfrSm 0denf;w&m;awmfESifh ravsmfnDaomaMumifh
rjyKvky&f ef ajymMum;onf/ okYdaomfvnf; 0Zdw
idk ;f om; &[ef;wkYdu &Sirf [m,o\ pum;ukd
vufrcHay/ ]] &Sifr[m,oonf 'g,umwkdY\ o'gw&m;ukd wm;qD; ydwfyifol }} [l
jypfwifIwfcsMuonf/ aemufqkH;wGif &Sifr[m,otm; 0kdif;y,frI (OauyeD,uH)jyKMu
avawmhonf/
&Sirf [m,oonf 0Zdw
idk ;f om; &[ef;wkYd EiS hf oabmxm; rnDnw
G o
f jzifh rdrEd iS hf

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (13)

oabmwl&m &[ef;wkdYukd pkpnf;&onf/ pnf;kH;&onf/ xkdtcg bk&m;&Sif\ a'oemwkdYukd

&if;jrpfusus vufcHvkdaom &[ef;rsm;pGmukd pkpnf;rdvm\/ &Sifr[m,oonf rdrdESifh
oabmwl&m oHCmwkdYukd aygif;pk Ak'a'oemwkdYukd oH*g,em wifMu&onf/ oH*g,em
wifyGJwGif <ua&mufawmfrlvmMuaom oHCmawmf tm;vkH;wkdYu]] Ak'bk&m;&Sif\ "ra'oemwkdYukd jyifqifjcif;? jznhfpGufjcif;? Ekwfy,fjcif; rjyK
bJ rlv&Sdonfhtwkdif; vufcH usifhokH;Mu&ef/ }}[l qkH;jzwfcsuf cscJhMuonf/ xkd*kdPf;onf aemiftcg ] ax&0g'*k d P f ; } [l
xif&Sm;vmavonf/
owif;ukd Mum;&aomtcg 0Zdwkdif;om; &[ef;wkdYonfvnf; rdrdwkdYESifh
oabmwl&m &[ef;wkdYukd pnf;kH;Muonf/ xkdYaemuf oabmwl oHCmaygif; 10000
(wpfaomif;) wkYd jzifh aumorDj ynf oD;jcm; oH*g,emyGu
J dk jyKvkyMf uonf/ rdrw
d Ydk wifaom
oH*g,emukd r[moH*Dwd[k ac:qkdMu\/ rdrdwkdY oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;BuD;ukdvnf; ] r[m
oHCdu*kdPf; } [k ac:qkdMuavonf/
xkdYaMumifh omoemESpf 100- tMumwGif Ak'bmom &[ef;awmfavmu (1) ax&0g' Ak'bmom*kdPf; ?
(2) r[moHCdu Ak'bmom*kdPf;[l *kdPf;BuD; 2-*kdPf; uGJjym; oGm;avonf/

Ak'bmom *kdPf;uGJrsm;
rlvAk'bmomxJrS r[moHCdu*kdPf;BuD; cGJxGufoGm;NyD;aemuf tjcm;&[ef;
tkyfpkwkdYuvnf; *kdPf;cGJrIukd pdwf0ifpm;vmMu[efwlygonf/ tiftm;&Sdaom oHCmhacgif;
aqmifwkdYonf tajctaeay;wkdif;? tcgtcGifh oifhwkdif; *kdPf;opfrsm;ukd zGJUpnf;cJhMuonf/
r[moHCu
d *kP
d ;f BuD;rS(1) a*gukvdu*kdPf;
(2) {uaAsm[m&du*kdPf; [l 2-*kdPf; uGJjym;onf/
wpfzef a*gukvdu*kdPf;rS(3) yPwd0g'*kdPf;
(4) A[kkwdu*kdPf; [l 2-*kdPf; uGJjym;onf/
wpfzef A[kkwdu*kdPf;rS(5) apwd,*kdPf; [l 1-*kdPf; cGJxGufonf/
xkdYaMumifh r[moHCdu*kdPf;rS *kdPf;&if;ESifhwuG oHCm 6-*kdPf; uGJjym;oGm;av
onf/
r[moHCdu*kdPfBuD;ukd twkvkduf rlvax&0g'rSvnf; *kdPf;trsdK;rsdK; uGJjym;
ukefMuonf/ a&SOD;pGm rlvax&0g'*kdPf;BuD;rS (1) r[domou*kdPf;
(2) 0Zdykwu*kdPf; [l 2-*kdfPf; uGJjym;onf/
wpfzef 0Zdykwu*kdPf;rS(3) "rKw&d,*kdPf;
(4) bj',medu*kdPf;

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (14)

(5) qEm*g&du*kdPf;
(6) ordwd,*kdfPf; [l 4-*kdPf; uGJjym;onf/
wpfzef r[domou*kdPf;rS(7) oAwd0g'*kdPf;
(8) "r*kwdu*kdPf; [l uGJjym;onf/
wpfzef oAwd0g'*kdPf;rS (9) uydu*kdPf; cGJxGufjyefonf/
wpfzef uydu*kdPf;rS(10) ouFEdu*kdPf; cGJxGufjyefonf/
wpfzef ouFEdu*kdPf;rS(11) okw0g'*kdPf; cGJxGufjyefonf/
xkYd aMumifh rlvax&0g'ESihf aygif;vQif ax&0g'*kP
d ;f aygif; 12-*kP
d ;f &Sad yonf/
ax&0g'ESifh r[moHCdu*kdPf;rBuD;rsm;ESifh *kdPf;uGJtm;vkH;ukd aygif;vQiff *kdPf;aygif; 18*kdPf; &Sdavonf/
xkd 18-*kP
d ;f uGyJ u
Hk dk 'Dy0Housr;f jyqkx
d m;\/ ,if;*kP
d ;f rsm;tjyif ykAa ovd,
*kP
d ;f ? ty&aovd,*kP
d ;f ? &mZ*d&u
d *kP
d ;f ? od'w
u
d *kP
d ;f ? a[r0wdu*kP
d ;f ? 0gZD&,
d *kP
d ;f ?
Ow&myx*kdPf;? a0wkv*kdPf;? a[wk0g'*kdPf; ponfjzifh qufvuf uGJjym;aMumif;
uxm0wKt|uxm jyqkdxm;onf/ xkdYjyif ouwbmomjzifh a&;om;xm;aom 0ok
rdMw\ rSwfwrf;wGif tjcm;*kdPf; trnfrsm;vnf; yg&Sdao;onf/
ouwpma&;q&mBuD; bAs\ rSww
f rf;wGif xl;jcm;aom *kP
d ;f trnfopfrsm;ukd
awGU&jyefonf/ bAsrSwfwrf;xJwGif ] 0dbZ0g'D*kdPf; } [laom emrnfwpfckukd xnfhoGif;
xm;\/ xk*d P
dk ;f emrnfonf txufyg 18- *kP
d ;f vnf; ryg&Sad y/ xk*d P
dk ;f onf ax&0g'
yifr*kdPf;twGuf ta&;ygaom *kdPf;wpfck jzpfonf/ omoem0ifusrf;rsm; trSwfrJh
jzpfaeaom *kdPf;vnf; jzpfonf/
azmfjycJah om *kP
d ;f rsm;onf omoemESpf 200-cefYtwGi;f uGjJ ym;cJah om *kP
d ;f rsm;
jzpfonf/ taomurif; eef;wufcsdefavmufwGif *kdPftoD;oD;wkdYonf ukd,fhtif
ukd,fhtm;jzifh BuD;yGm;aeMuNyD/ xkdtxJwGif 0dbZ0g'D*kdPf;onf taomurif;w&m;\
ajrmufpm;ylaZmfrIukd cH,l&aom *kdPf;BuD; jzpfayonf/

ax&0g'ESifh 0dbZ0g'D*kdPf;
0dbZ0g'D*kdPf;onf rlvax&0g'rS *kdPf;uGJwpfck jzpfonf[k rSwfwrf;
qkyd gonf/ rnfonfh tcsdeu
f uGjJ ym;onf[k rajymEkid af y/ okYd aomfvnf; 0dbZ0g'D*P
dk ;f rSm
taomurif;BuD; vufxufwGif BuD;yGm;aeNyD[k ajymEkdifygonf/
taomurif; eef;wufNyD;aemuf Ak'bmom0if jzpfcsdefwGif tdEd,EkdifiH Ak'
bmomqkdif&m tIyftaxG;rsm; ay:aygufaeNyD/ oefYpifaom Ak'bmom r[kwfawmhay/
omoemh jyifyjzpfaom wdwdwkdYuvnf; Ak'omoemxJ 0if &[ef;jyKaeMu\/ okdYaomf
&[ef;w&m;ukd tm;rxkwMf u/ wdww
d Ydk \ tvkyu
f o
dk m vkyu
f idk af eMuonf/ Ak'w
&m;awmf
ukdvnf; em;rvnfMuay/
taomurif;onf omoemawmf oefYpifa&;twGuf aqmif&Guf&onf/ &[ef;

a&pBufdK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (15)

w&m;ukd ppfar;onf/ xkdtcg &[ef;a,mifwkdYu rSefatmif rajzEkdifMuay/

]] jrwfAk'onf tb,ft,l &Sdygoenf;? }} [k ar;vQif &[ef;tcsdKUu ]] jrwfAk'
onf owt,l &Sdygonf? }} [k qkdolu qkdonf/ tcsdKUuvnf; ]] jrwfAk'onf Oap'
t,l &Sdygonf? }} [k ajzolu ajz\/
taomurif;onf xkd&[ef; twkrsm;ukd vlxGufap omoemabmifrS
ESifxkwfavonf/
taomurif;onf &[ef;aumif;wkdYtm; ]] t&Sifbk&m;wkdY? jrwfAk'onf
tb,ft,l &Sdygoenf;? }} [k ar;onf/
xkdtcg &[ef;wkdYu ]] rif;BuD;? jrwfAk'[m owt,l? Oap't,lwkdYukd cGJ
jcrf; a0zef tavhtm;jzifh qkdawmfrlwwfaom 0dbZ0g'D jzpfygonf? }} [k ajzqkdMu\/
taomurif;onf xkdtajzukd Mum;&ojzihf &[ef;ppf &[ef;rSefukd awGU&NyD[k
qkH;jzwf xkd0dbZ0g'D*kdPf; oHCmwkdYukd csD;jrifh ylaZmfavawmhonf/ xkdtcsdefu 0dbZ0g'D
*kdPf;onf taomurif;BuD;\ t"du ukd;uG,f&m *kdPf;jzpfonf[k qkdEkdifayonf/
0dbZ0g'D*kdPf;\ t,l0g'wkdYukd omoemhorkdif; azmfjy rxm;ay/ okdY razmf
jyonfrSm rlvax&0g'ESifh t,l0g'csif;? w&m;"rcsif; cH,lrI wlnDaomaMumifh[k qkd&
ygrnf/ okdY t,l0g'csif; wlnDaomaMumifhvnf; aemiftcgwGif 0dbZ0g'D*kdPf;onf
rlvax&0g'ESifh jyefvnf aygif;pyfEkdifcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/

jAm[PwkdY\ aoG;cGJrI
&mpkESpf tenf;i,ftwGif; Ak'bmom*kdPf;rsm; rQ uGJjym;oGm;&onfrSm
jAm[PwkdY\ aoG;cGJxkd;ESufrIrsm;vnf; ruif;Ekdifay/ jAm[PwkdYonf Ak'bmomukd
rsufrek ;f usdK;aeolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ Ak'b
&k m; yGiahf y:vmpOfuyif jAm[PwkYd u &efot
l jzpf
rSwf,lvmcJhMuonf/
rSeyf gonf/ Ak'b
&k m;onf jAm[PwkYd vufcx
H m;aom ta&;ygonfh t,ltq
rsm;ukd acszsufa[mMum;cJo
h nf/ jAm[PwkYd u tww&m;ukd vufuidk x
f m; a[mMum;ae
Mu\/ Ak'bk&m;url teww&m;ukd t"duxm; a[mMum;&m jAm[PwkdYrSm tIdufukd
txkd;cH&ovkd emMunf;oGm;Mu\/
xkdYjyif vlrIa&;avmuvnf; jAm[PwkdYu Zmwfpepfukd tajccH vlwef;pm;
rsm;ukd ykaH o cGjJ cm;xm;Mu\/ Zmwfpepfuv
dk nf; Ak'b
&k m;u acszsuf a[mMum;jyefonf/
jAm[PwkdYu b,frSm ESpfoufEkdifMurnfenf;/
jAm[PwkdYu xm0&bk&m;ocif zefqif;&Sifukd twnfjyKonf/ Ak'bk&m;u
zefqif;&Sifukd jiif;y,fonf/ jAm[PwkdY\ t"dut,ltqrsm;ukd Ak'bk&m;u acszsuf
a[mMum;aeojzifh Ak'o
nf jAm[PwkYd \ &efol jzpfc&hJ onf/ if;wkYd u &efNidK;zGUJ cJMh uonf/
taomuacwfokdY a&mufaomtcgwGif Ak'bmomukd tm;ay;ojzifh jAm[PwkdY
arS;rSdefjrKyfwdrfae&onf/ xkdtcgrsdK;wGif tcsdKUjAm[PwkdYonf Ak'bmomtwGif;okdY 0if
yl;owfcJhMuonf/ Ak'bmom twkta,mif jAm[PwkdYonf Ak'bmom yd#uwfawmf
wkYdudk avhvmvsuf usr;f pmrsm;ukd a&;jyKMu\/ rdrw
d Ydk\ oabmt,ltqrsm;ukd Ak'b
mom
twGif;okdY oGwfoGif;Muonf/
xkdtopfxnfhoGif;xm;aom t,ltqrsm;ukd BudKufESpfoufolrsm;vnf; &Sdvm

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (16)

onf/ xkyd *k Kd vfwYdk onf vufopft,ltqygaom usrf;pmwkYd udk vufc

H *kP
d ;f *Ptopf
wkdYukd xlaxmifMuonf/ okdYjzifh *kdPf;opfrsm; wzGm;zGm; ay:aygufvmcJhavonf/
bDpD 3-&mpk taomurif; vufxufavmufuyif r[moHCdu*kdPf;rS
ay:xGufvmaom r[m0wKt0'geusrf; t0avmudawo&ac: bk&m;avmif;oabm
w&m;0g'rsm;ukd Ak'b
momwGi;f okYd oG,0f u
dk
f oGwo
f iG ;f vmMuNyD jzpfonf/ aemiftcgwGif
xkdbk&m;avmif;onf r[m,me*kdPf;\ t"duukd;uG,f&m bk&m;avmif;BuD;wpfyg;
jzpfvmcJhavonf/
r[m,me*kdPf;[l yDjyifpGm jzpfay:vmcsdef jAm[PwkdY\ t,l0g'rsm;
jzpfaom wE&? rE& oabmw&m;rsm;ukdyg odrf;,lvufcHcJhMujyefonf/ aemufqkH;wGif
tdEd,&Sd Ak'bmomonf [dELjAm[P0g'ESifh a&maxG; ,Sufwif jzpfoGm;&avonf/

ok*Facwf Ak'omoem
Ak'bmom*kdPf;rsm;onf tdEd,e,fajr tESHYtjym;wGif vIyf&Sm;aeMu&m tcsdKU
*kdPf;rsm;vnf; BuD;yGm;wkd;wufMuonf/ tcsdKU*kdPf;rsm;rSmrl tm;enf;vsuf &SdMu\/
EkdifiHtkyfcsKyfaom rif;wkdYu ajrmufpm;vQif xkd*kdPf;rSm BuD;yGm; pnfyifvm&NrJ jzpf\/
xkd*kdPf;rsm;xJwGif taomurif; ajrmufpm;ojzifh awmuf<um;cJh&aom *kdPf;rSm 0dbZ0g'D
*kdPf;BuD; jzpfonf/
0dbZ0g'D*kPf;ESifhtwl rxif&Sm;aom *kdPf;BuD; 2-*kdPf;vnf; &Sdao;onf/
xkd*kdPf;rsm;rSm ax&0g'rS cGJxGufxm;aom oAwd0g'D*kdPf;ESifh r[moHCdu*kfdPf;wkdY
jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh taomuacwf aemufykdif;wGif xif&Sm;aom *kdPf;BuD; 3-*kdPf;ukd
awGYjrifMu&ayrnf/ ,if;*kdPf;wkdYrSm(1) ax&0g'ESifh 0dbZ0g'D*kdPf;
(2) ax&0g' oAwd0g'D*kdPf;
(3) r[moHCdu*kdPf; wkdYjzpfayonf/
xkd*kdPf;BuD;rsm; xGef;um;aepOf taomurif;\ EkdifiHawmf rif;quf tajymif;
tvJrsm; jzpfvmonf/ r*"EkdifiHawmfwGif taomuaemuf 6-qufajrmuf bDpD 185ckESpfwGif jAm[PvlrsdK;jzpfaom ykoQrdw&ppfolBuD;u arm&d,{u&mZfukd eef;csum ok*F
rif;qufukd xlaxmifavonf/
ok*FykoQrdw&rif;onf jAm[PvlrsdK; jzpfonfhtavsmuf jAm[Pbmomukd
t"du ud;k uG,o
f nf/ jAm[Pbmomukyd if Ekid if aH wmfbmomtjzpf aMunmonf/ wd&pmef
wkdYukd owf ,ZfewfylaZmfyGJBuD;rsm;ukd tBuD;tus,f jyKvkyfavonf/
jAm[PwkdYonf rdrdwkdY tmPmpuf &&SdvmNyDjzpf&m t"du &efNidK;xm;aeaom
Ak'bmomukd zdESdyfMuawmhonf/ rif;\ tmPmukd aemufcHjyK Ak'bmomukd tjywfNzdK
cGMJ uonf/
ok*FykoQrdw&rif;uvnf; jAm[PwkdY\ tvkdukd vkdufavsm trdefYaMunm
csufrsm; xkwfjyefonf/ rdrd EkdifiHawmftwGif; Ak'bmom &[ef;\ OD;acgif;wpfvkH;ukd
jzwf qufoEkdifygu qkaiG 1000-ay;rnf[kyif aMumnmxm;avonf/
Ak'bmom &[ef;awmfwkdYonf r*"wkdif;? aumovwkdif;paom rZdra'owkdY
rae0HhMuawmhojzifh wkdif;pGef jynfzsm;okdY xGufajy; wdrf;a&SmifMu&avawmhonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (17)

xkdtcsdefwGif tiftm;&Sdaom ax&0g'*kdPf; oHCmawmfwkdYrSm 0d'dom (0d'd&Sm)

NrdKUteD;&Sd qefcsD (oOD) apwD&Sd&m apwd,yAwokdY a&TUajymif;oGm;Muonf/
ax&0g' oAwd*kdPf; oHCmwkdYum; tdEd,taemufajrmufykdif; rxk&mNrdKU teD;
&Sd Okrk@ (a*g0Ee) awmifokdY a&TUajymif;oGm;Muavonf/
xkdtcsdefwGif 0dbZ0g'D *kdPf;oHCmwkdYvnf; awmifykdif;a'ookdYyif a&TUajymif;
Mu&ygonf/ xkd0dbZ0g'D *kdPf;oHCmwkdYonf aemiftcgwGif &Sifr[dEESifh oHCrdwmwkdY
tquftEG,frsm; &Sd&m oD[kdVfuRef;okdY ul;a&mufoGm;MuNyD; oD[kdVfoHCmwkdYESifh yl;aygif;
omoemjyKaecJhMuonf/ xkdtcsdefrS p 0dbZ0g'D trnfaysmufum yifrax&0g'ESifh
wpfaygif;wnf; wpfom;wnf; jzpfoGm;avawmhonf/

uedoQurif;ESifh Ak'bmom
r*"wkid ;f wGif ok*rF if;quf ukeq
f ;Hk NyD;aemuf uefArif;qufudk xlaxmifMuonf/
xkdrif;qufukdvnf; tE&rif;rsm;u odrf;ykdufvkdufaomaMumifh tdEd,ta&SUawmifykdif;
a'owpfckvkH;rSm tE&rif;wkdY\ vufatmufokdY usa&mufoGm;ayonf/
xkdtcsdefwGif tdEd,taemufajrmuf a'oBuD; wpfckvkH;rSmvnf; wkdif;wpfyg;
vlrsdK;wkdYu qifhuJvma&muf pkd;rkd; tkyfcsKyfvsuf &Sdonf/ xkdtxJwGif xif&Sm;aom
rif;qufrSm ukoQefrif;quf jzpfonf/
uoQev
f rl sKd ;wkYd onf tdE,
d taemufajrmuf a'oBuD; wpfcv
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uedoQurif;onhf rlvu yg&Sib
f mom0if rif;wpfyg; jzpfonf/ aemufyidk ;f wGif
Ak'bmom0if jzpfvmNyD;aemuf Ak'omoem xGef;um;a&;ukd tBuD;tus,f tm;ay;onf/
Ak'bmom0ifwkdYu xkdrif;ukd 'kwd,taomurif;[l ac:qkdMuonf/
uedoQurif;onf ax&0g'*kdPf;uGJjzpfaom oAwd0g'D*kdPf; &[ef;awmfwkdYukd
t"duxm; MunfnKd uk;d uG,o
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uedoQurif;onf Ak'bmom0if jzpfvmNyD;aemuf omoedutaqmufttkH
trsm;tjym;ukd wnfxm;onf/ Ak'\ "mwfawmf arGawmfwkdYukd &SmazGvsuf apwDykxkd;wkdY
Xmyemonf/ ykk&Syl&NrdKUawmf tjrifhoHawmif 260-ausmf t0ef;oHawmif 300-rQ &Sdaom
apwDawmfBuD;ukd wnfxm;onf/ ] uedoQuapwDawmf } [k xif&Sm;\/
xkdYjyif apwDawmf teD;rSmyif r[maAm"dukd pkdufysdK;ylaZmfonf/ &[ef;awmfrsm;
oDwif;okH;&ef ausmif;wkdufBuD;ukd wnfaxmifonf/ ] uedoQuausmif;wkduf } [kyif
ac:Muonf/
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taqmufttkHrsm;ukd oAwd0g'D*kdPf;rS q&mawmfBuD;rsm;tm; tyfESH tkyfcsKyfapmifha&Smuf
aponf/ omoemESpf 1000-cefYtxd xkdausmif;wkdufBuD;rSm ax&0g' tpOftvm
yd#uwfawmfrsm;ukd ykdYcsaeaom ausif;wkdufBuD; jzpfaMumif; wkwf&[ef;awmfwkdY\
rSwfwrf; qkdygonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (18)

wkwfrSwfwrf;t& oAwd0g'D*kdPf;0if &[ef;awmfwkdYu rdrdwkdYukd,fukd ] ax&

0g' } [kyif ok;H EIe;f ac:qkcd MhJ uygonf/ okYd &mwGif if;wkYd \ ax&0g'rSm rlvyifr ax&0g'
r[kwfbJ oAwd0g'D*kdPf;uGJ ax&0g'om jzpfEkdifygonf/
a&S;a[mif;okawoeXmerS avhvmcsuft& xkda'o&Sd apwDysufrS &&Sdaom
uedoQurif;\ "mwfawmfMuKwfwGif ouwbmomjzifh urnf;pm a&;xkd;xm;onf/
]] tus&,meH q&Aofqwd Am'DeH y&d*&a[ }}
t"dym,frSm ]] oAwd*kdPf;0if q&m&SifwkdY odrf;qnf; ykdifqkdifonf/ }} [l
jzpfygonf/ xkdYaMumifh uedoQuausmif;wkduf&Sd ax&0g'oHCmwkdYrSm oAwd*kdPf;0if ax&
0g'oHCmom jzpfEkdifaMumif; aumufcsufcs&ygonf/

uedoQurif;\ oH*g,emwifyGJ
uedoQurif; vufxufwGif tdEd,jynf oHCm*kdPf;uGJrsm; t&Sdeft0g aumif;
aeqJ jzpfonf/ *kdPf;tcsif;csif; t,ltqa&;&mrsm;ESifh ywfouf rnDnGwfMuay/
oabmw&m;a&;&m tIyftaxG;rsm; jzpfaeonf/
uedoQurif;onf uJhokdY Ak'bmom tcsif;csif; *kdPf;*PuGJjym;aerIukd
tm;r& jzpf&onf/ *kdPf;tm;vkH; aygif;pnf; nDnGwfapcsifonf/ okdY aygif;pnf;&efrSm
taomurif; vufxufuuJhokdY oH*g,emwifyGJ jyKvkyfrS jzpfrnf[k oabmaygufonf/
xkdYaMumifh rdrdukd;uG,faom ax&0g' oAwd*kdPf; oHCmwkdYukd avQmufxm;
Ak'a'oemwkdYukd oH*g,emwif&ef qkH;jzwfonf/ rdrdtkyfcsKyf&m EkdifiHwGif;rS *kdPf;aygif;pkH
oHCmwkdYukd yifhaqmifonf/ r[moHCdu*kdPf;rSp *kdPf;aygif;pkHavmufyif <ua&muf
awmfrlMuonf/
oH*g,emwifyGJokdY awmifykdif; yifrax&0g' &[ef;awmfrsm; tenf;i,fom
<ua&mufonf[k qkdygonf/ oH*g,emyGJrSm oAwd0g'D*kdPf;u OD;aqmifjyKvkyfojzifh
ax&0g' (yifr) oHCmwkdYrSm avhvmol tjzpfom <ua&mufcJhMuygonf/ xkdYjyif yifr
ax&0g'oHCmwkYdu xko
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h iG ;f jcif; rjyKcJMh uacs/
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,if;*kP
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dk ;f jzpfonf/
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uedoQurif;onf oAwd0g'D*kdPf;rS q&mawmf 0okrdMwrax&fukd tBuD;trSL;
jyK *kdPf;aygif;pkHrS &[ef;awmf 500-wkfdYjzifh oH*g,emwifyGJukd usif;yavonf/ xkdoH*g
,emwifyrJG S oHCmawmfwYdk onf okw?f 0denf;? tbd"rmwkYd \ tzGijhf zpfaom r[m0dbmom
usrf;rsm;ukd jyKpkMu\/ ,if;wkYd rmS (1) okwEyd#utzGifh 0dbmomusrf; (*gxmwpfodef;)
(2) 0de,yd#utzGifh 0dbmomusrf; (*gxmwpfodef;)
(3) tbd"rmyd#utzGifh 0dbmomusrf; (*gxmwpfodef;)wkdY jzpfavonf/
uedoQurif;onf xkdoH*g,emrS xGufay:vmaom *gxm 3-odef;&Sd 0dbmom
usrf;rsm;ukd aMu;jym;ay:wGif ouwbmomjzifh a&;om; ausmufaowmBuD;rsm;jzifh
xnfo
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d momusrf;rsm;ukd aemiftcg

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (19)

wkwfbmomjzifh jyefqkdavonf/
uedoQurif;onf tdEd,jynfom rubJ jynfyEkdifiHrsm;okdYvnf; omoemjyK
vkyfief;rsm;ukfd aqmif&GufcJhonf/ ojdYkzpf if;\ vufxufrSmyif tdrfeD;csif; EkdifiHrsm;wGif
Ak'omoem jyefYyGm;cJhavonf/

ax&0g'? r[m,me? [de,me

uedoQurif; oH*g,emwifpOfu r[m,me[laomemrnf r&Sdao;acs/ ued
oQurif;onf omoem*kdPf;uGJwkdYukd yl;aygif; nDnGwfapovkdojzifh *kdPf;aygif;pkH pkqkH
oH*g,em wifcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/ okdYaomfvnf; uedoQurif;\ apwemrSm t&mra&muf
cJhay/ omoem*kdPf;uGJrsm; yaysmufjcif; r&SdcJhacs/ qufvufvnf; *kdPf;uGJrsm;
ay:aygufcJhonf/
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a'oemwkdYukd tcsdKU*kdPf;rsm;u vufrcHcJh/ qufvuf oabmw&m; topfrsm;ukd
jyKpkysdK;axmifcJhMuonf/ xkd*kdPf;uGJrsm;onf ajrmufykdif;a'o rdrdwkdY *kdfPf;BuD;yGm;rIukd
jyKvkyfcJhMuonf/ oabmw&m;opfrsm;ukd jzeYfa0cJhMuonf/ odkYtavsmuf ,if;wkdY\
omoem jyKvkyfief;rsm;onf us,fjyefYoGm;cJhavonf/
odYk us,fjyefYvmaomaMumifh at'D 2-&mpkrS 4-&mpktwGi;f wGif xk*d P
dk ;f oHCm
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[l ac:qkdvmcJhMuonf/
rdrdwkdYESifh t,l0g' rwlrQonfh oAwd0g'D*kdPf;ponfwkdYukd ] [de,me*kdPf; }
(0g) r[m,meatmuf ,kwfavsmhaom*kdPf;[l ac:qkdcJhMu\/ xkdtrnfukd rSnfhac:csdef
rlvyifr ax&0g'rSm r[m,mewkdYESifh qufoG,frI r&Sdawmhay/
r[m,mewkdYu [de,me[k ac:qkdaom *kfdPf;rsm;rSm uedoQu\ oH*g,emrS
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rSm wdAuf? qpfuif;? blwef? eDayg? rGef*kdvD;,m;? w&kwf? AD,uferf? ukd&D;,m;? *syefEkdifiH
wkdY xGef;um;oGm;onf/
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enf; arS;rSdefoGm;onf/ xkdtcsdefwGif yifrax&0g' *kdPf;BuD;rSm oD[kdVf? jrefrmpaom
EkdifiHwkdY a&muf&Sd ysHUESHYoGm;onf/ aemiftcgwGif rdrdwkdYESifh t,l0g' rwlnDaom
ax&0g'*kdPf;ukdvnf; [de,me[l a&maxG;ac:qkdvmMuavonf/
tcsdKUolawoDwkdYurl yifrax&0g' xGef;um;&m EkdifiHrsm;rSm awmifykdif;a'o
awmifykdif;omoem } [k ac:Muonf/ r[m,me*kdPf;rSm ajrmufykdif;a'o
&Sdojzifh ]awmif
ajrmufykdif;omoem } [k ac:qkdMuonf/
xGef;um;aeaomaMumifh ]ajrmuf
awmifykdif;omoem ax&0g'ESifh ajrmufykdif;omoem r[m,mewkdYrSm t,l0g'
a&;&m rsm;pGm jcm;em;aeMuNyD/ tcsdKUae&mrsm;wGif aumufoif;aumufovkd &SmazGrS
wlnDrI tenf;i,fukd awGU&awmhonf/ oabmw&m; trsm;tjym;rSmrl wGJr&atmif
uGJjym;aeMuavonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (20)

r[m,me*kdPf;\ y"mevrf;pOf
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(2) yapuAk',me
(3) Ak',me wkdY jzpfayonf/
,me 3-rsdK;onf ax&0g' ygaom om0uaAm"d? yapuaAm"d? ormoarm
"dwYdk EiS hf twljzpfonf/ tqkyd g 3-rsdK;onf edAm efoYdk a&mufEidk af om vrf;pOfcsnf; jzpfonf/
r[m,mewkYd url om0u,meESihf yapuAk',
mewkYd rmS wpfu,
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Ak',metusifhum; ow0grsm;ukd u,fwifEkdifonf/ Ak',meonfom tjrwf
qkH;jzpfonf[k vufcHMuonf/ xkdYaMumihf aAm"dowac: bk&m;avmif;vrf;pOfukd
tav;xm;Muonf/ rsm;pGmaom aAm"dowwkdYukd &nfrSef; kyfwkrsm; jyKvkyfum ukd;uG,f
qnf;uyfMuonf/ tvm;wlyif a*gwrAk'\
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r[m,mewkdY udk;uG,faom aAm"dowac: bk&m;avmif;rsm;teuf xif&Sm;
aom aAm"dowwkdYukd okdY awGU&onf/
t0avmudawo& aAm"dow
w/ / ,if;aAm"dowfrSm txif&Sm;qkH; jzpfonf/
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ol jzpfayonf/
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jzpfonf/ vufwpfzufwGif "m;vG,fukd ukdifaqmifxm;NyD; tjcm;wpfzufwGif pmtkyfukd
ukid af qmifxm;onf/ "m;ukd ukid af qmifxm;jcif;rSm raumif;rI jyKoludk acsrIe;f &ef jzpfonf/f
pmtkyfukd ukdifxm;jcif;rSm yg&rD 10-yg;ukd tNrJvufukdifusifhokH;aeaMumif; azmfjyonf/
0ZD&ygPd aAm"dow/ / Eewfuo
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owfukd awGU&onf/)
r[m,me*kdPf;t& vlwkdif;onf ow0grsm;ukd u,fwifEkdif&eftwGuf
aAm"dowfqkukd ,lMu&onf/ aAm"dowfwkdY\ ukd,fusihfw&m;rsm;wGif 'ge? oDv? 0D&d,?
cED? psmef? ynm xkd 6-yg;ukd jznfhusifh&\/
xl;jcm;onfrmS r[m,mewkYd onf 0denf;w&m;ukd rsm;pGm tav;rxm;Mujcif;yif
jzpfonf/ bk&m;qkyefaom bk&m;avmif;wkdYtwGuf usyfwnf; usOf;ajrmif;aom 0denf;
Oya'rsm; rvkdtyf[k ,lqMuonf/
r[m,mewkdY ,kHMunfcsuft& ouf&Sdow0g tm;vkH;rSm aAm"dowfrsm;csnf;
jzpfonf/ yg&rD tEkt&ifhomvQif uGmjcm; tajccHcsif; twlwlyif jzpfonf/ aemufqkH;
ow0gtmvkH;yif uRwfwrf;0if edAmefokdY a&mufMu&rnf kjzpfavonf/

tdEd, omoemuG,fykH
Ak'yGifh&m rZdra'o omoemuG,fy&jcif; taMumif;ukd avhvmaomtcg

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

zx&0g' Ak'bmom (21)

taxGaxGaom taMumif;&yfrsm;ukd awGUMu&\/ xkdtxJwGif Ak'bmom &[ef;awmfwkdY\

usif0wf usifhxkH;rsm; vGJrSm;rIukdvnf; taMumif;wpf&yf taejzifh awGUMu&onf/
&[ef;awmfwkdYonf rdrdwdkY\ t"duusaom usifh0wfwkdYukd raqmif&GufMu/
pdwful;,Of tpGJtvrf;wkdYukd tajccHaom pdwful;,Ofb0rsdK;ukd arQmfvifh vkyfukdifae
Muonf/ b0rsdK;rSm od'd&Sifb0? apwpfvkH;ykdif&Sifb0? 0dZmb0? xGuf&yfaygufb0?
arSmfq&mb0ponfh b0rsm; jzpfonf/
pdwful;,Ofb0rsdK;ukd &SmazGaom tvkyfrSm tdEd,acwfOD;uyif &aohwkdY
wDxGifcJhaom vrf;pOfjzpfonf/ 0g'onf [dELjAm[PwkdY vufxuf wE&*kdPf;[k
ac:um wGifus,fpGm vkyfukdifaeMuonf/
a&S;acwfOD; &aohwkdYonf ewftrsdK;rsdK;? bk&m;trsdK;rsdK;wkdY\ *kPfukd zGJUqkdaom
*gxm? rE&m;? arSmf? yOvufponf yg0ifaom wE&usrf;rsm;ukd a&;om;cJhMuonf/
xkdusrf;rsm;ukd tajccH vkdufemusihfokH;aom *kdPf;ukd ] wE&*kdPf; } [k ac:\/
wE&*kdPf; vuf0J*kdPf;? vuf,m*kdPf;[k ESpfrsdK; &Sfdonf/ vuf0J*kdPf;om;wkdY
onf pkef;? wap? ajrzkwf? ewfbDvl;? ewfrdpm? &udKofponfh qif;&J'kuukd ay;wwfaom
wd&pmefrsm;ukd apckdif;Ekdifaom *gxm? rE&m;? tif;tkdif? cg;vSJU? vufzGJUponfwkdUukd
pD&ifMuonf/ vuf0J*kdPf; pD&ifenf;ukd jrefrmEkdifiHom;wkdYu ] atmufvrf;pD&ifenf; }
[k ac:Muonf/
vuf,m*kP
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f dk zGUJ qkx
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Mu&onf/ jrefrmwkdYu ] txufvrf;pD&ifenf; } [k ac:Muonf/
[dELjAm[PwkdY\ wE&*kdPf;ukd twl,l Ak'bmom bkef;BuD;wkdYuvnf;
] Ak'wE&*kdPf; } ukd xlaxmifMuonf/ usi0hf wf usix
hf ;Hk rsm;ukd wDxiG Mf uonf/ xkt
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&So
d nf/
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mom*kP
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arSmftwwf? pkef;twwff? ya,m*twwf? aA'iftwwf? t*d&wftwwfponfwkdYukd
avhvm vkdufpm;aom bmomjzpfayonf/
wdAufjynfwGif arSmfynmukd wwfajrmufojzifh od'dajrmufoGm;aom yk*dKvf
84-a,muf &Sdonf[k tqkd&Sd\/ b,fvkd aygufoGm;onf[kum; rod&ay/
tdEd,&Sd Ak'bmom &[ef;wkdYonfvnf; uJhokdY pdwful;,Of od'd&Sifb0
ponfudk &vdrEhf ;dk jzifh arQmfu;dk usif;ok;H aecJMh uonf/ Ak'b
&k m;\ vufawGUusaom vlom;
tusdK;jyKvkyfief;ukdrl vspfvsLIaeMuonf/ tdEd,wGif tvGefxif&Sm;aom emvEAk'
wuokdvfuJhokdY r[mynmXmeBuD;uvnf; tdyfrufxJu tvSr,fukd wu,f&vdrfhEkd;jzifh
arQmfukd;&SmazGaeaom ynmrsdK;ukd tm;ay; oifMum;aecJhavonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (22)

tcef; (2)

ax&0g'omoem jyefYyGm;&m
at'D 12-&mpkwGif tdEd,EkdifiH Ak'bmom uG,faysmufoGm;cJh&onf/ xkdtcsdef
wGif tm&Swkduf wpfcGif Ak'bmom jyefYyGm; xGef;um;aeavNyD/
tm&Swkdufa'o tcsdKUwGif taomuvufxuf? okdYr[kwf xkdYxuf apmaom
umvuyif Ak'omoem a&muf&SdjyefYyGm;aecJhonf/ r[m,meAk'bmomonf ajrmufykdif;
a'orsm; pnfyifaeouJhokdY ax&0g' Ak'bmomonfvnf; awmifykdif;a'orsm; xGef;
jyefYaeavonf/
ax&0gAk'bmom xGef;jyefY&m EkdifiHrsm;um; ,ck oD&dvuFmac: oD[kdVfEkdifiH?
jrefrmEkdifiH? xkdif;EkdifiH? uarm'D;,m;EkdifiHESifh avmEkdifiHwkdY jzpfonf/
xkEd idk if rH sm;okYd ax&0g' Ak'b
mom a&muf&jdS yefYymG ;vmykH orkid ;f tcsKyfudk xkwEf w
k f
avhvmMuygOD;pkYd /

oD[kdVfEkdifiH ax&0g'jzpfpOf
Ak'bk&m;&Sif y&dedAmefjyKNyD;aemuf omoemou&mZf 235-ckESpf taomurif;
w&m;onf 9-wkid ;f a'o 9-XmeokYd omoemjyK vkyif ef;rsm; aqmif&u
G &f ef &[ef;awmfrsm;ukd
apvTwfonf/ Xmersm;wGif oD&dvuFmac: oD[kdVfEkdifiHvnf; yg0if\/
oD[kdVfEkdifiH wm0efusaom rax&frsm;rSm om;awmf t&Sifr[dEESifh aemufyg
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oD[kdVfEkdifiHokdY a&muf&SdMuavonf/
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wufaecsdef jzpfonf/ xkdrif;onf tbdodufcH wpfvrQom &Sdao;onf/
yd,wdrif;onf rif;jzpf wpfvajrmufaom e,kefvjynfhaeYwGif rdu
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zl;MuHK&onf/
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ESifhwuG o&P*kHwnfMuNyD; Ak'bmom0if jzpfukefMuonf/
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omoemjyKawmfrlMuonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (23)

a'0geHyd,wdrif;onf rax&frsm; oDwif;okH;&eftwGuf r[m0d[m&ausmif;

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wnfxm;aqmufvkyfavonf/
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xif&Sm;aom apwDBuD; jzpfonf/
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yGJ usif;y ayvTm&Gufjzifh tu&mwifEkdifjcif;yif jzpfygonf/

oD[kdVfoHCm*kdPf;rsm;
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0goD*kdPf; } [k ac:wGifMuonf/
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rif;jzpfvQif tb,*d&dausmif;wkdufESifh tb,*d&dapwDawmfukd wnfxm; aus;Zl;jyKcJhzl;
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vma&muf aexkid Mf uonf/ xko
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aZw0e0goDwkdYonf r[m0dd[m&0goD*kdPf; ysufpD;ap&ef r[maoerif;ESifh

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (24)

wkdifyif r[m0d[m&ausmif;wkdufBuD;ukd zsufqD;Muonf/ 'k|*grPdrif;BuD; aqmufvkyf

cJhaom avm[ygom' jymom'fausmif;BuD;ukd zsufqD;ypfMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh r[m0d[m&
ausmif;wkdufBuD;rSm 9-ESpfrQ oHCmqdwfokOf;ae&avonf/
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aecJhonf/ oD&docFaAm"d y&urAm[krif; eef;wufvmaom tcgwGif r[m0d[m&oD
oHCmwkYd tm; oefYpifaom *kP
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d ;f rS oHCmwkYd udk
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0d[m&0goD*kdPf;om usef&Sdaeawmhonf/

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jyefvnftm;qufcJh&ayonf/
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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (25)

avmhyl&D (v0yl&) jzpfonf/ avmhyl&DNrdKUum; ,ckwkdifatmif &Sdao;onf/ AefaumufNrdKU

awmf\ ajrmufbuf rJerfjrpfurf;ay: wnf&Sdonf/
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vnf; Zif;r,fNrdKU awmif,Gef; ,ckwkdif &Sdaeygao;onf/
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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (26)

jzpfonf/ rdrdukd,fwkdif 27-ESpfMumrQ rGefq&mawmfBuD;xHwGif &[ef;0wfcJhNyD;rS rif;jyKcJhol

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qdyfurf;jzpf pnfum;vmonf/
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crf;em;pGm aqmufvkyfonf/ xkdausmif;BuD;onf urmhtHhzG,frsm;teuf wpfck tygt0if
jzpfonf/
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owr Z,0&refESifh Ak'bmom

at'D 11-&mpkcefYwGifrl Ak'bmomukd ,kHMunfukd;uG,faom rif;rsm; ay:ayguf
vmonf/ xkdtcsdefu Ak'bmomrSm r[m,meAk'bmom jzpf\/ Ak'bmomukd tm;ay;
aom rif;rsm;teuf owrajrmuf Z,0&refrif;onf tBuD;us,fqkH; tm;ay;aom
rif;wpfyg; jzpfonf/ xkdrif;onf tjcm; EkdifiHawmfzGHUNzdK;a&;ukdvnf; pGrf;pGrf;wrH aqmif

a&pBudK t&Sifodu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (27)

&Gufonf/ tifaumNrdKUawmfopfukd 12-&mpk twGif; wnfaqmufcJhonf/

tifaumNrdKUawmfopfukd tvsm; 2-rkdif? teH 2-rkdif us,f0ef;aom pwk&ef;ykHjzifh
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ausmif;BuD;ukdvnf; aqmufvkyfonf/ bm,Gefausmif;BuD;onf ayaygif; 130-jrifhonf/
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xkvkyfylaZmfxm;avonf/
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uarm'D;,m;bk&ifwYdkonf ax&0g'Ak'b
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tajcckdif wnfwHhvmcJhonf/
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avmEkdifiHwGif tapmykdif;umvrsm;u r[m,meAk'bmomvnf; xGef;um;cJhzl;
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ax&0g' Ak'bmom0ifrsm; jzpfaeMuavonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (28)

tcef; (3)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (29)

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&Sifr[muy\ tqkdjyKcsufukd oHCmawmfwkdYu ]] t&Sif wifjyaom
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OD;aqmifOD;&Guf jyK oifhavsmfrnfh oHCmwkdYukd a&G;aumufawmfrlyg? }} [k avQmufwif
Muavonf/

yxr oH*g,emyGJawmf
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tvkyftauR; jzpfcJhaom vuf&if;wynfhBuD; &SiftmeEmukd csefxm;NyD; oH*g,em
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&Sifr[muyESifh oHCmawmf 500-wkdYonf bk&m;&Sif y&dedAmef jyKNyD;aemuf

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (30)

3-vtMum r[mou&mZf 148-ck? 0gacgifvjynfh (vqkwf 4-&uf[kvnf; qkd\) aeY

oH*g,emwifyGJukd qifETJusif;yMuavonf/
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uyu aqmif&Gufonf/
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NyD;ajrmufcJhavonf/
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f om; jyKMuonf/ oD[Vdk rf l bDpD 544-ukd twnfjyKxm;Muonf/

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wwd, oH*g,emyGJawmf
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awmf pnfa0zGUH NzdK;ae\/ taomurif;onf apmapmykid ;f u Ak'b
mom0if r[kwaf omfvnf;
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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (41)

taomurif;onf Ak'bmom0if jzpfNyD;aemuf Ak'omoemawmfukd tBuD;

tus,f csD;ajrmufonf/ okdYtavsmuf omoemh0efxrf; &[ef;a,musfm;? &[ef;rdef;rrsm;
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tcsdKU&[ef;wkYd url rD;ukd ylaZmfMuonf/ vkyaf uR;Muonf/ aeukd ylaZmfMuonf/
vkyfauR;Muonf/ Ak'&[ef;awmf trnfcHNyD; omoemhjyify ukd;uG,frIrsm;ukd ylaZmf
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toif; rjyKMu/ Oykofy0g&Pmpaom oHCmhuHrsm;ukd rjyKvkyfMuacs/
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jyefYum;aeavonf/
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Ak'0g'tjzpf a&maESm ajzqkdMuonf/
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"ra'oemawmf oefYpifa&;twGuf wwd,tBudrf oH*g,em wif&jyefonf/
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'g,umrSm taomurif;w&m;BuD;yif jzpfavonf/

pwkw oH*g,emyGJawmf
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Ak'\ yd#uwfa'oemwkdYukd &GwfqkdEkdifjcif; r&SdMuay/ xkdtcsdeftxd oHCmwkdYonf Ak'\

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (32)

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ayxuftu&m wifawmfrlMuavonf/

yOr oH*g,emyGJawmf
jrefrmEkdifiHukd pkd;tkyfaom rif;wkef;rif;onf jrefrmou&mZf 1221-ckESpfwGif
rEav;&wemykHNrdKUukd wnfaxmifonf/ rif;wkef;rif;onf NrdKUawmfopf aumif;rIawmf
avmurm&Zdef ausmufawmfBuD;bk&m;? twkr&Sdausmif;awmfBuD;paom aumif;rIawmf
rsm;pGmwkdYukd wnfxm;onf/ &efukefNrdKU&Sd a&Twd*kHapwDawmfBuD;ukdvnf; xD;awmftopf
wifvLS onf/
rif;wkef;rif;onf 1222-ck? wefaqmifrkef;vu p yd#uwfokH;ykH ygVdawmf
wkdYukd ayxuftu&m wifonf/ xkdrQjzifh tm;r&ao;bJ yd#uwfawmfrsm; t&SnfwnfwHh
a&;twGuf a&S;acwf omoemjyKrif;rsm; raqmif&Gufzl;aom yd#uwfawmfwkdYukd ausmuf
xuftu&mwif&ef qE&dSvmjyefonf/
xkdYaMumifh pusifawmifrS ausmufjym;rsm;ukd rSm,l yd#uwfawmf ausmufxuf
tu&mwifvyk if ef;ukd aqmif&u
G o
f nf/ yd#uwfawmfwYdk udk rlreS f oefYpifa&;twGuf atmuf
ygq&mawmfBuD;rsm;ukd avQmufxm; wm0efay;onf/
(1) rdzk&m;acgifBuD; pMua'0D\ q&mjzpfaom ] Zm*&mbd0Ho wdyd#u"& r[m"r
&mZm"d &mZ*kk } bGJUawmf& 'udPm&mrq&mawmf ?
(2) aoewf0efBuD;q&mjzpfaom ] e&dEmbd od&do'r aZmwdygv"Z r[m"r&mZm"d
&mZ*kk } bGJU& q&mawmf ?
(3) ] okr*Fvomrd od&dy0& rPd"Z r[m"r&mZm"d &m*kk } bGJU& q&mawmfwkdY
jzpfMuonf/
vly*k Kd vfrsm;bufrv
S nf; cef;ywfNrdKUpm;? a,mNrdKUpm;? rkid ;f ckid ;f NrdKUpm;ponfh yk*Kd vf

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (33)

wkdYukd BuD;Muyfaqmif&Gufaponf/
rif;wkef;rif;\ ausmufxuftu&mwif vkyfief;rSm ou&mZf 1230-jynfhESpf
uqkefvqef; 14-&ufaeYwGif NyD;pD; atmifjrifcJhonf/ yd#uwfawmfwkdYukd ausmufpmjzifh
rSww
f rf;wif&m(1) 0denf;ig;usrf; ygVdawmf (111) csyf ?
(2) tbd"rm ygVdawmf (208) csyf ?
(3) okwef ygVdawmf (410) csyf ?
pkpkaygif; ausmufcsyfa& 729-csyf &Sdayonf/
rif;wkef;rif;onf a&S;a&S;aom rif;rsm;jzpfonfh tZmwowf? umvmaomu?
oD&d"rmaomu? 0*grPdrif;wkdY vufxufuuJhokfdY yd#uwfawmfukd EIwfjzifh &Gwfqkdaom
oH*g,em wifyGJukd jyKvkyfvkdaomqE jzpfay:vmjyefonf/
xkdtaMumif;ukd a&TNrdKUawmf&Sd wHqdyf&? r& q&mawmfwkdYESifh ndEIdif; oH*g,em
wifyGJ usif;y&ef qkH;jzwfMuonf/ xkdYaemuf 'udPm&mrq&mawmf? qD;befeDq&mawmf?
pD;awmfjrif;0efwkdufq&mawmfwkdYukd trSL;xm; oHCmawmf 2400-wkdYukd a&Teef;awmfokdY
yifah qmifNyD;vQif jrefrmou&mZf 1233-ck? omoemESpf 2415-ck? c&pfEpS f 1817-ck? wefc;l
vjynfah usmf 11-&ufaeYwiG f yOr oH*g,emwifyu
JG dk usi;f yMuonf/ xko
d *H g,em wifyw
JG iG f
yd#uwfawmfrsm;ukd EIwfjzifh &GwfqkdMu&m 5-vESifh 3-&ufMumrS NyD;ajrmufavonf/

q| oH*g,emyGJawmf
jrefrmou&mZf 1247-ckESpfwGif jrefrmEkdiHonf t*Fvdyf ukdvkdeDwkdY\ vuf
atmufokdY usa&mufcJh&onf/ jrefrmwkdYonf t*FvdyfwkdY\ vufatmufu kef;xGuf&ef
enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh BudK;pm;cJMh uonf/ vly*k Kd vfrsm;omr[kw/f Ak'k b
mom &[ef;awmfwYdkvnf;
vGyfvyfa&;twGuf yg0ifa[majymMuonf/ toif;tzGJUrsm; wnfaxmif vlrsdK; bmom
omoemtwGuf tm;BudK;rmefwuf aqmif&GufcJhMuonf/ xkdtcsdefu rsdK;cspftoif;rsm;pGm
ay:aygufcJh\/
oHCmawmfwYdk onfvnf; toif;tzGUJ xlaxmif omoem a0NzdK;a&;ukd BudK;pm;
cJhMuonf/ xkdtzGJUrsm;teuf ] oHComr*D } ac:tzGJUBuD;onf tiftm;aumif;aom
tzGJUBuD; jzpfonf/
oHComr*Dt
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q|rtBudrf oH*g,emwif&ef aqmfMocJhMuonf/ okdYaomfvnf; t*Fvdyftpkd;&onf
oH*g,emwifa&;ukd pdwftawG;rQ r0ifcJhMuay/ okdYjzifh 1948-ckESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiH
vGwfvyfa&; &vmonf/
xk d t csd e f jref r mq&mawmf B uD ; rsm;onf q|oH * g,emwif & ef t wG u f
Ek;d Mum;wuf<u vmMuonf/ vuf&dS yd#uwfawmfrsm;rSm wpfqifh ul;,l&mwGiv
f nf;aumif;?
ykHESdyf&mwGifvnf;aumif;? yk'f ygXf tu&m 0gus csKdU,Gif;rIrsm; wjznf;jznf; ay:aygufvm
aeonf/ yk'f ygXfrrSef tu&mcsdKU,Gi;f ygu t"dym ,fjyefqrdk v
I nf;vGrJ mS ;Ekid o
f nf/ t"dym ,f
vGJrSm;ygu y&d,wda'oemrsm; ysufpD;oGm;Ekdifayonf/ xkdYaMumifh y&d,wdda'oem
oefYpifa&;twGuf q|rtBudrf oH*g,emwif&ef qkH;jzwfMuonf/
xkdoH*g,emyGJBuD;twGuf jrefrmEkdifiHawmforw OD;bOD;u omoemh'g,um

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (34)

tjzpf cH,lonf/ EkdifiHawmf tpkd;&tzGJU\ tBuD;tuJjzpfol 0efBuD;csKyf OD;Eku taxGaxG

tmPmpufjzifh ulnDaqmif&Guf&ef wm0ef,lonf/
owkfd;oD&dok"r olaX;BuD; qmOD;oGifOD;aqmifaom EkdifiHawmf Ak'omoemtzGJU
BuD;uvnf; wkdif;oljynfom;wkdY\ ukd,fpm; ypnf;av;yg;jzifh axmufyHhylaZmf&ef
wm0ef,lMu\/ 0efBuD;csKyfuawmf a':jr&DtrSL;jyKaom trsdK;orD;rsm;uvnf; oH*g,em
a0,sm0p vkyfief;rsm;ukd tm;wufoa&m yg0if vkyftm;'gersm; vSL'gef;Muonf/
okdY tzufzufrS jynfhpkHNyD;aemuf rEav;NrdKUrS anmif&rf;q&mawmf tbd"Z
r[m&|*kk b'Ea&0wrax&f trSL;jyKaom oHCmawmf 2500-wkdYonf &efukefNrdKU? urm
at;ukef;ajr&dS r[mygomPvkdPf*lawmfBuD;- omoemou&mZf 2498-ck ?
- c&pfESpf 1954-ck? arv (17) &uf ?
- jrefrmou&mZf 1316-ck? uqkefvqef; (15) &ufaeYwGif q|rtBudrf oH*g,emwifyGJukfd usif;yMuavonf/
q|oH*g,emwifyGJBuD;okdY xkdif;? uarm'D;,m;? avm? oD&dvuFmEkdifiHwkdYrS
ax&0g'&[ef;awmf 144-yg;? jrefrmEkid if rH S &[ef;awmf 2473-yg;wkYdu 245-&uf Mumjrifph mG
&GwfyGm;awmfrlMuonf/
xkdoH*g,emwifyGJokdY ax&0g' r[kwfaom *syef? wdAuf? AD,uferf? ukd&D;,m;?
*smAm;uRe;f ? rav;uRe;f ? qpfuif;jynfpaom Ekid if w
H YdkrS r[m,me*kP
d ;f &[ef;awmfwYdkvnf;
oH*Dwdum&utjzpfvnf;aumif;? tm*EK{nfhonfawmftjzpfvnf;aumif; <ua&mufMu
ayonf/
xkdoH*g,emyGJBuD;wGif q|oH*Dwdykpu (tar;yk*dKvf) tjzpf t*r[my@dw
r[mpnfq&mawmf b'EaombP rax&fuvnf;aumif;? q|oH*Dwd 0dZu (tajz
yk*dKvf)tjzpf wduyd#u"& "rb@m*g&du b'E0dpdwom&mbd0Ho rax&fuvnf;
aumif; aqmif&GufawmfrlMuonf/
xkdYaemuf yd#uwfa'oemawmfwkdYukd puLxuf tu&mwif oefYpifa&;
ukd aqmif&GufawmfrlMuonf/ q|oH*g,emwifyGJBuD;onf omoemawmf 2500jynfonfhESpf? jrefrmou&mZf 1318-ck? uqkefvjynfhaeY? c&pfESpf 1956-ckESpf? arv
24-&ufaeYwGif NyD;qkH;cJhavonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (35)

tcef; (4)

ax&0g' yd#uwfawmf
ax&0g'[lonf
ax&0g'\ t"dym,fukd ] Ak'a'oemawmfa0g[m&tbd"mef } usrf; pmrsufESm
274--]
]] rax&f tqufqufwkdY raysmufrysuf&atmif aqmifxm;tyfaom xdef;odrf;
tyfaom bk&m;pum;awmf t,lpum;pOf }}
]] t&Sifr[muy tp&Sdaom rax&f tqufqufwkdY rl&if;rysuf oH*g,em
wifvsuf xdef;odrf; apmifha&Smufxm;tyfaom bk&m;pum;ygVdawmftwkdif; usifhMuH
aexkdifaom t,l0g'ukd ] ax&0g' } [k ac:onf/ }}[l zGifhjyxm;onf/
ax&0g'&[ef;awmfwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\ "ra'oemrsm;ukd ygVdbmomjzifh
EIwq
f ifu
h rf;vnf;aumif;? pmrSww
f rf;jzifv
h nf;aumif; xde;f odr;f vmcJMh u\/ xkad 'oem
t&yf&yfwkdYukdpkaygif; ] yd#uwfawmf } [k ac:qkdMuonf/
yd#u\ t"dym,frSm ] jcif;awmif; } [l jzpfonf/ vlwkdYonf o,f,lp&m
ypn;f rsm;ukd jcif;awmif;wkYdjzifh o,f,Ml u\/ xkYdtwl Ak'w
&m;awmfwYdfkuv
dk nf; Ak'b
&k m;&Sif
vufxufawmfrS p acwftqufquf rax&fjrwfwkdYu vufqifhurf; o,f,lcJhMu
ojzifh jcif;awmif;ESifh wifpm;um yd#u[l ac:qkdvmcJhMujcif; jzpfayonf/
ax&0g' Ak'bmom0ifwkdY xdef;odrf;vmcJhaom yd#ursm;rSm(1) 0de, yd#u ?
(2) okwE yd#u ?
(3) tbd"r yd#u[l okH;rsdK; &Sdonf/ xkdokH;rsdK;vkH;ukd aygif;kH; ac:qkdaomtcg ] yd#uwf } [l
ac:qkdMuavonf/

(1) 0de, yd#uawmf

&[ef;a,musfm;ESifh &[ef;rdef;rrsm;twGuf owfrSwf ynwfxm;aom usifh0wf
pnf;urf;rsm; jzpfonf/ xkd0de,yd#uukd 5-usrf; xyfrH cGJjcm;xm;\/
(u) yg&mZduPf ygVdawmf . &[ef;awmfrsm;twGuf &nfnTef;aom odumyk'f 49yg; yg&Sdonf/
(c) ygpdwf ygVdawmf
. &[ef;awmfrsm;twGuf &nfnTef;aom odumyk'f 178yg;ESifh bduKeDwkdYtwGuf &nfnTef;aom odumyk'f 311yg; yg&dSonf/
(*) r[m0* ygVdawmf . oHCmrsm; vkdufem&rnfh usifh0wfrsm;? vkyfenf; vkyf[ef
rsm;ukd tcef; 10-ckjzifh azmfjyxm;onf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

(C) plV0* ygVdawmf

(i) y&d0g ygVdawmf

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (36)

. oHCmhtzGJUESifh ywfoufaom pnf;rsOf; Oya'wkdYukd

tcef;aygif; 12-ckwkdYjzifh azmfjyxm;onf/
. 0denf;odumyk'fwkdYukd usufrSwfvkdolwkdYtwGuf tusOf;
csKyf jyKpkxm;aom usrf;jzpfonf/

(2) okwE yd#uawmf

Ak'bk&m;&Sif a&S;OD;pGm a[mMum;aom "rpMumw&m;awmfrS p y&dedAmefjyKcg
eD; aemufqkH;jzpfaom Mo0g'a'oemawmftxd 45-ESpfywfvkH; a[mMum;awmfrlonfh
a'oemawmf trsdK;tpm;rsm; jzpfonf/
okwE yd#uukd edum,ftm;jzifh 5-pk zGJUxm;onf/ ,if;wkdYrSm(u) 'DCedum,f ?
(c) rZdredum,f ?
(*) oH,kwedum,f ?
(C) t*kFw&edum,f ?
(i) ck'uedum,fwkdY jzpfayonf/
(u) 'DCedum,f . &Snfvsm;aom okwfwkdYukd aygif;pnf;xm;aomaMumifh 'DCedum,f
[k ac:onf/
,if;'DCedum,f(1) oDvuE0* 13-okwf ?
(2) r[m0* 10-okwf ?
(3) ygxdu0* 11-okwf yg0ifonf/
(c) rZdredum,f . r&SnfvGef; rwkdvGef;tv,ftvwfjzpfaom okwfwkdYukd aygif;
pnf;xm;aomaMumifh rZdredum,f[k ac:onf/
,if;rZdredum,f(1) rlvyPmo 50-okwf ?
(2) rZdryPm, 50-okwf ?
(3) Oy&dyPmo 52-okwf yg0ifonf/
(*) oH,kwedum,f . a'oemawmfcsif; wlnDaom tcsufwpfckckukd rlxm; pk
pnf; aygif;pyfxm;aom okwfrsm;ukd oH,kwedum,f[k ac:
onf/
,if;oH,w
k e u
d m,f(1) o*gxm0*f oH,kwfaygif; 11 ?
(2) ed'ge0*f
oH,kwfaygif; 10 ?
(3) cE0*f
oH,kwfaygif; 13 ?
(4) oVm,we0*f oH,kwfaygif; 12 ?
(5) r[m0*f
oH,kwfaygif; 12- yg0ifonf/
(C) t*Fkw&edum,f . {uedygwfrS {um'oedygwfwkdifatmif tykdif;i,f edygwf
11-ck? okwfaygif; 9557-okwf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (37)

(i) ck'uedum,f . a&S;edum,f av;&yfwkdYrS aemufxyfjzpfaom ck'uygXponfh

usrf;tpkukd ac:onf/
,if;ck'uedum,f atmufygusrf;rsm; yg0ifonf/
(1) ck'uygX . wkdawmif;onfh tpk 9-rsdK; yg0ifonf/
(2) "ry'
. 0*faygif; 26? *gxmaygif; 423-yg0ifonf/
(3) O'ge
. Ak'bk&m;&Sif usL;&ifhaom pum;rsm; jzpfonf/ 0*faygif; 8-ckESifh
O'gef;aygif; 82-yk'f yg0ifonf/
(4) wd0kwu . edygwf 4-ck? okwfaygif; 120-yg0ifonf/
(5) okwedygw . okwfi,frsm; pkaygif;xm;onf/ 0*f 5-ck? okwf 54-ESifh ykpm 61
ck yg0ifonf/
(6) 0drme0wK . bkHeef;Adrmefqkdif&m tjzpftysufwkdYukd azmfjyxm;\/ 0*f 7-ck?
Zmwf 83-yk'f yg0ifonf/
(7) ayw0wK . i&Javmu\ qif;&JwkdYukd azmfjyxm;\/ 0*f 4-ck? 0wKyk'faygif;
50- yg0ifonf/
(8) ax&*gxm . rax&fBuD; 107-yg;\ tqkdtrdefYrsm;ukd edygwf 21-ckjzifh cGJjcm;
azmfjyxm;onf/
(9) ax&D*gxm . ax&Dr,f 73-yg;wkdY\ wifjycsufrsm;ukd edygwf 16-ckjzifh zGJUpnf;
xm;onf/
(10) Zmwu . Ak'bk&m;&Sif\ a&S;jzpfpOfwkdYukd azmfjyxm;\/ tykdif;i,f edygwf
22-ck? Zmwf0wKaygif; 547-Zmwf yg0ifonf/
(11) r[meda'o .okwedygwfusrf;vm t|u0*f\ a0g[m&t"dym,fwkdYukd xyfrH
zGifhqkdxm;onf/
(12) plVeda'o . okwedygwfusrf;vm aemuf0*f 3-ckukd xyfrH csJUzGifhxm;onf/
(13) y#dord'gr* . "r\ tajccH tcsufwkdYukd okyfcGJ a0zefjyonf/ u@BuD;
3-ckESifh u@i,f rsm;pGm yg0ifonf/
(14) ty'ge . rGefjrwfaom usifhxkH;wkdYukd usifhokH;cJhaom yk*dKvfwkdY taMumif;ukd
azmfjyxm;onf/ u@ 55-ckjzifh rax&f 550-wkdY b0ukd azmfjy
xm;\/ xkfdYjyif u@ 4-ckwkdYjzifh ax&D 40-wkdY\ b0ukdvnf;
aumif;? aemufqufwJGtjzpf Ak'y'geESifh yapuAk'y'gewkdYukd
qufvuf azmfjyxm;onf/
(15) Ak'0Ho . bk&m;&SifwkdY\ b0jzpfpOfukd tpDtpOfjzifh azmfjyxm;\/ xkdYjyif
Ak'yudPu u@ESifh "mwkbmZed, uxmwkdYukdvnf; xnfhoGif;
azmfjyxm;onf/
(16) p&d,myd#u . bk&m;tavmif;awmf yg&rD jznfhqnf;cJhonfh b0wkdYukd azmfjy
onf/ Ak'\ a&S;b0aygif; 35-ckom yg0ifonf/

(3) tbd"r yd#uawmf

okwef? 0denf;wkdYxuf uJvGefaom oabmw&m;rsm;? eufeJaom obm0"r
rsm;ukd pkpnf; azmfjyxm;aomaMumifh tbd"ryd#u[k ac:onf/ tbd"r yd#uukd

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (38)

usrf;tm;jzifh 7-usrf; cGJjcm;xm;onf/

(u) "ro*FPD . tykdif;BuD; 4-ykdif; cGJvsuf ouf&Sdf oufrJhtm;vkH;wkdY\ kyfemrf
obm0ukd a&wGufjyonf/
(c) 0db*F
. "robm0ukd t"dym,f cGJjcrf;jyoxm;aom 0db*Fac: tzGifh
aygif; 18-ck yg0ifonf/
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h us,f
w0ef; &Sif;vif;azmfjyxm;onf/
(C) yk*v
ynwd .u@BuD; 10-ckwkdY 1-rS 10-txd yk*dK vftrsdK;tpm;wkdYukd eda'o
tvkduf xnfhoGif;xm;\/
(i) uxm0wK . Ak'0g' *kdPf;uGJrsm;\ t,l0g'rsm;ukd pkaygif;wifjyxm;onf/
0*faygif; 23-ckjzifh ax&0g'rS okwfaygif; 500-ESifh y&0g'rS
okwfaygif; 500-wkdYukd EdIif;,SOfjyxm;onf/
(p) ,ru
. tbd"rmoabmw&m;rsm; jzpfwnfaeykHukd rlv? cE? tm,we?
"mwk? op? ocFg&? tEko,? pdw? "r? `Ed,[laom ,ru
10-yg;wkdYjzifh azmfjyxm;onf/
(q) y|me . "rtEkavmrponfwkdY wduy|mepaom y|mef; 6-yg;wkdYjzifh
yGm;tyfonf jzpf 24-yg;aom y|mef;wkdYukd &&Sdonf/ y|mef;
wpfyg;pD y#dp0 g&paom 0g& (7) yg;wkYdjzihf wefqmqifxm;onf/
txufu azmfjycJhNyD;aom yd#uwfawmfrsm;rS wpfyg; tjcm;aom ygVdusrf;*ef
rsm;vnf; &Sad o;onf/ xku
d srf;rsm;onf yd#uwfo;Hk yk\
H aemufqufwu
JG srf;rsm; jzpfonf/
t|uxmwkYd\ a&SUajy;jzpfaom ygVdusr;f pmrsm; jzpfonf/ ,if;usr;f wkYdudk atmufygtwkid ;f
awGU&onf/
(1) aewdyu&P ."ra&;&mESifh ywfoufaom a0g[m&ESihf t"dym,fwkdYukd
&Sif;vif; azmfjyxm;onf/
(2) ay#aumya'o . yd#uwfokH;ykHrS aumif;Ekd;&m&m tcsufwkdYukd aygif;pk wifjy
xm;onf/
(3) rdvdEyOm
. yd#uwfawmfwGif tus,fw0ifh yg&Sdaom owd? orm"d?ynm
ponfh tusifhw&m;rsm;? z? a0'empaom tjzpfw&m;rsm;
ukd aphpyfpGm aqG;aEG;wifjyxm;onf/

Ak'usrf;pm pdppf&m
ax&0g' Ak'0 g'Dy*k Kd vfwYdkonf Ak'b
&k m; a[mMum;aom yd#uwfo;Hk ykH w&m;pkw
H Ydk
ukd pwkw oH*g,emwifyGJ ay&Gufjzifh tu&mwifcJhMu\/
yOr oH*g,emwifyGJ ausmufpmjzifh tu&mwif rSwfwrf;jyKcJhMuonf/
q| oH*g,emwifyGJwGifrl puLjzifh tu&mwif rSwfwrf; jyKcJhMuonf/ q|
oH*g,emrS rSwfwrf; jyK&m ] q|rl } ac: pmtkyfrsm;jzifh okdY cGJjcm; kdufESdyfxm;Mu\/
usrf;trnf
usrf;a&
pmtkyfa&
0denf;
5
5
'DCedum,f
3
3

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (39)

rZdredum,f
oH,kwedum,f
t*Fkw&edum,f
ck'uedum,f
tbd"rm

3
5
11
19
7

3
3
3
11
12

pkpkaygif;

53

40

pwkw? yOr? q| oH*g,emwifyGJwkdY aypm? ausmufpm? puLpmwkdYjzifh

rSwfwrf;wifcJhMu&mwGif ta&twGufwkdYukd okdY awGU&Sd&onf/
- ay&Gufa&
6345 - &Guf ?
- ausmufcsyfa&
729 - csyf ?
- pmtkyfa&
40 - tkyf ?
- pm&Gufa&
6547 - &Guf ?
- pmrsufESm
13094 - rsufESm ?
- pmaMumif;a&
404070 - aMumif; &Sdayonf/
yd#uwf okH;ykHvkH; yg0ifaom tu&m vkH;a&rSm 11021750 (wpfuka# wpf
oef; ESpfaomif; wpfaxmif ckepf&mh ig;q,f) &Sdavonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (40)

tcef; (5)

ax&0g' "r&wem
bmomrsm;xJu Ak'bmom
urmhorkdif; wpfavQmufwGif vlom;wkdY ukd;uG,fcJhMuaom bmom0g'rsm;um;
rsm;jym;vSayonf/ orkdif;OD; bmoma&;onf vlom;wkdY\ t,ltqt& jzpfay:vmaom
bmomt,l0g'rsm; jzpfonf/ aemufykdif;wGif bmom0g'ukd xlaxmifaom vlom;rsm;
ay:aygufvm\/ bmomw&m;ukd a[majymaom yk*dKvfrsm;onf bmom&Sifrsm;
jzpfvmMuonf/
bmom0g'ukd xlaxmif a[majymaom olwkdYonf omrefyk*Kd vfrsm; r[kwfMu/
obm0ukd avhvmvsuf tawGUopf? todopfwkdYukd &SmazGMuolrsm; jzpfonf/ rdrdwkdY\
ywf0ef;usifwGif cH,laeMuaom ,kHMunfcsufrsm;ukd todopfjzifh acszsuf a[mMum;
Muonf/ xkda[mMum;csufrsm;ukd aESmif;vlwkdYu rSwfwrf;wifcJhMuonf/ xkdrSwfwrf;BuD;
rsm;onf bmom&SifwkdY\ "rpmayrsm;tjzpf wnf&Sdaeavonf/
bmom0g'rsm;ukd avhvm&m tcsdKUaom bmom&SifwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\ "ropf
rsm;ukd kd;&m,Ofaus;rIjzifh csOf;uyf a[majymMuonf/ "avha[mif; ,Ofaus;rIukd rSDckd
bmom0g'ukd xlaxmifMuonf/ xkdbmom0g'rsm;rSm(1) [dELbmom ?
(2) c&pf,mefbmom ?
(3) tpvmrfbmom ponfwkdY jzpfonf/
urmay:wGif xif&Sm;aom txufyg bmomBuD; 3-ckwkdYonf a&S;a[mif;,Of
aus;rI t,l0g'rsm;wGif yg0ifaeaom xm0&bk&m;ukd tajcjyKonfh bmom0g'rsm; jzpf
ayonf/
xm0&bk&m; qkdonfum; urmavmuBuD;ESifhwuG ouf&Sd oufrJh t&mtm;vkH;
ukd zefqif;aom teEwefc;dk &Sif jzpfonf/ tvk;H pku
H dk odaom Pfawmf&iS v
f nf; jzpfonf/
arwm&Sifvnf; jzpfonf/ xkdt&Sifonf pMu0VmteE tpOfxm0& wnf&Sdaeonf/
jzpfjcif; ysufjcif; r&Sdaom wefckd;&SifBuD; jzpfonf/
vl wd&pmefESifh rnfonfht&m0wKrqkd xm0&bk&m;ocif\ tvkdqEtwkdif;
om jzpfay:vm&onf/ ysufpD;oGm;&onf/ pMu0Vm avmu"mwfBuD; r&SdrDuyif
xm0&bk&m;&Sif &SdaeNyD jzpf\/ pMu0VmBuD; ysufpD;oGm;aomfvnf; xm0&bk&m;ocifum;
ysufpD;jcif; r&Sd/ qufvuf wnf&SdaeOD;rnf jzpf\/ um; xm0&bk&m;ocif\
oabmyif jzpfonf/
xm0&bk&m;ukd jiif;y,fvsuf obm0w&m;ukd azmfjyaom bmomum; Ak'
bmom jzpfonf/ Ak'bmom- xm0&bk&m;ukd jiif;y,f\/
- tww&m;ukd vufrcH/
- u,fwif&Sif[l r&Sd/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (41)

- zefqif;rIukd twnfrjyK/
rdrdukd,fukd rdrdomvQif zefwD;onf[laom "ra'oemopfukd a[mMum;vsuf
bmom0g'ukd xlaxmifco
hJ u
l m; a*gwrAk' jzpfonf/ Ak'b
&k m;onf "avh;dk &m pdwu
f ;l ,Of
0g'rsm;ukd vufrcHbJ tajccHusaom vlom;b0ukd t"duxm; w&m;"rwkdYukd a[m
Mum;cJhavonf/
Ak'bk&m;&Sifonf rdrd\ "ropfa'oemwkdYukd 45-ESpfywfvkH; aumovwkdif;?
r*"wkdif;ESifh **Fgjrpf0Srf; ajrmufbuf&Sd a'otESHYtjym; a[mjycJhonf/ rdrd\ bmom0g'
jyefYyGm;a&;twGuf oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;ukd xlaxmif atmifjrifpGm aqmif&GufEkdifcJhonf/

Ak'bmom0if jzpfjcif;
Ak'bmom0ifwpfOD; jzpf&eftwGuf us,fjyefYaom Oya'rsm; r&Sday/ Ak'bmom
avmu ukd;uG,f&m 3-rsdK; &Sdonf/ ,if;wkdYrSm(1) Ak'bk&m;ukd ukd;uG,f&m[l qnf;uyfjcif; ?
(2) Ak'\ w&m;awmfukd ukd;uG,f&m[l qnf;uyfjcif; ?
(3) Ak'\ oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;ukd ukd;uG,f&m[lk qnf;uyfjcif;wkYd jzpfayonf/ ok;H yg;ukd ,kMH unfvufcv
H u
dk yf gu Ak'b
mom0if jzpfayNyD/ xko
d ;Hk yg;ukd
o&*kH 3-yg;[k Ak'bmomwkdY ac:qkdMuonf/

Ak'bmom oDv
Ak'bmom0if wpfOD;twGuf vkdufemusifhokH;&onfh usifh0wf 5-rsdK; &Sdonf/
(1) olUtoufukd owfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&jcif; ?
(2) olwpfyg; ypnf;ukd ckd;,ljcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&jcif; ?
(3) umr*kPf azmufjyefrIrS a&SmifMuOf&jcif; ?
(4) r[kwfrrSef ajymqkdjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&jcif; ?
(5) rl;,pfypnf; okH;pGJjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&jcif; wkdY jzpfonf/
Ak'bmom0ifwkdYonf tcgBuD; &ufBuD;rsm;wGif 8-yg;oDvukd aqmufwnf
usifhokH;Mu\/ xkdYjyif tjcm; usifh0wfoDvrsm;vnf; &Sdao;\/
Ak'bk&m;\ "ra'oemrsm; vlom;wkdYtwGuf vufiif; vufawGU tusdK;jzpf
aprnfh "ra'oemrsm;vnf; rsm;jym;aX;<u,fvSonf/ Ak'bk&m;u ol\ "ra'oemwkdYrSm
vufiif;csrf;omukd &&Sdap&rnf/ tcgrqkdif; tusdK;&Sdap&rnf/ prf;oyfcHEkdifaom pGrf;&nf
&Sdonf[l twdtvif; a[mMum;cJhonf/
Ak'bk&m; vufxufwGif bmom0g'ukd xlaxmifaeMuaom *kfdPf;q&mBuD;rsm;
ay:aygufae\/ ,if;q&mBuD;wkYd uvnf; rdrw
d Y\
dk w&m;omvQif trSejf zpfygonf[k a<u;
aMumf atmf[pfvsuf a[m>rufaeMu\/ tdEd,jynfolwkdYonf 0g'rsm; tMum;
Asmrsm;aeMuolrsm;vnf; &Sdaeonf/ rnfonfh0g'urSefonf rSm;onf[l ra0cGJwwfol
rsm; &Sdaeonf/ xkdtxJwGif auorkwed*kH;&Gmom; umvmrrif;om;wkdYvnf; tygt0if
jzpfonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (42)

umvmra'oem pHjyKp&m
auorkw& mG om; umvmrrif;om;wkYdu Ak'b
&k m;&Sit
f m; okYd avQmufxm;\/
]] jrwfpmG bk&m;? auorkwe *d ;Hk okYd a&mufvmMuonfh &[ef;ykPm ; *kP
d ;f q&mrsm;
u rdrw
d Ydk\ t,l0g'om rSeo
f nf? tjcm; t,l0g'rsm; rSm;onf[k Iwcf su&hJ NhJ yD; ajymqkMd uyg
onf? wynfah wmfwUdk YrmS b,ft,l0g'u trSejf zpfonf[k ra0cGEJ idk af tmif jzpfae&ygonf?
t,l0g'awG tay:rSm oHo,jzpfae&ygonfbk&m;? 0g'rSef &rnfh enf;vrf;ukd
a[mMum;awmfrlyg? }}
xkdtcg Ak'bk&m;&Sifu t,l0g'a&;&mESifh ywfouf pHxm;p&m a'oem 10csufukd a[mjyawmfrlonf/
]] tkd- umvmr rif;om;wkdY? oifwkdYonf t,l0g' wpf&yfukd(1) wpfqifhpum; Mum;&kHjzifhvnf; vufrcHMuESifh ?
(2) ab;bkd;pOfvm t,l0g' jzpfvnf; vufrcHMuESifh ?
(3) ] 'Dt&mu 'Dvkd jzpfowJh } [laom aumvm[v pum;ukdvnf; vufrcHMuESifh?
(4) rdrdwkdY avhvmxm;aom usrf;pmESifh nDnGwfonf[lvnf; vufrcHMuESifh ?
(5) rdrdwkdY awG;ac: MuHqrIESifh ukdufnDkHrQjzifhvnf; vufrcHMuESifh ?
(6) ] 'Dt&m[m ,kwd&Sdonf } [k enf;rSD axmufq &&kHrQjzifhvnf; vufrcHMuESifh?
(7) ] 'Dt&m[m rSefuefNyD } [k rdrdbmom qifjcif okH;oyf &kHrQjzifhvnf; vuf
rcHMuESifh ?
(8) rdrdwkdY pOf;pm;awG;MuH vufcHxm;aom t,l0g'ESifh ukdufnDNyD[lvnf; vuf
rcHMuESifh ?
(9) rdrw
d Ydk ,HMk unfxu
dk af om yk*Kd vfBuD;u ajymaompum; jzpfvnf; vufrcHMuESi?hf
(10) rdrdwkdY av;pm;aom q&morm;\ pum;jzpfvnf; vufrcHMuESifh ? }}
tcsufwkdYukd axmufIaomtm;jzifh Ak'bk&m;onf vlrItusdK;w&m;ukd
azmfaqmifEkdifrnfh op0g'ukd &&SdEkdif&eftwGuf PcsdefcGifwGif wif qkH;jzwfckdif;xm;
jcif; jzpfonf/
Ak'bk&m;onf 0g'a&;&m pHjyKp&m 10-csufukd a[mjyNyD;aemuf ukd,fwkdif
vufawGU prf;oyf&rnfh a'oem"rukdvnf; qufvuf a[mjyawmfrlonf/
]] tk-d umvmrrif;om;wkYd? oifwYdkonf ] 'Dw&m;u raumif;rI tukov
dk w
f &m;yJ?
'Dw&m;u tjypf&SdwJh w&m;jzpfw,f? ynm&SdwkdY uJh&JhtyfwJh w&m;jzpfw,f? 'Dw&m;ukd
usifhokH;&if tusdK;rJhjzpfr,f? qif;&J'ku a&mufapr,f } [k oifwkdYukd,fwkdif od&Sdvmrnfqkd
vQif xkdw&m;ukd z,f&Sm;Mu&rnf? }}
ae&mwGif aumif;rIESifh raumif;rIqkdaom oabmw&m;ukd avhvm&awmh
rnf/ raumif;rI[laom oabmukd t,l0g'wpfckESifh wpfck owfrSwfykHcsif; rwlnDMuay/
Ak'a'oemawmfurl raumif;aomtrI raumif;aom pkdufwkdYukd okdY tajz&Smay;xm;
onf/

raumif;rI pkdufqkd; 10-yg;

Ak'a'oemawmf raumif;rI pkdufqkd; 10-yg;ukd rjyKvkyf&ef wm;jrpfxm;\/
,if; 10-yg;wkYdrmS -

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (43)

(1) ukd,fjzifh jyKvkyfaom pkdufqkd; 3-yg; ?

(2) EIwfjzifh jyKvkyfaom pkdufqkd; 4-yg; ?
(3) pdwfjzifh jyKvkyfaom pkdufqkd; 3-yg;wkdY jzpfayonf/ ,if;pkdufqkd; 10-yg;ukdvnf; okdY csJUzGifhjyxm;\/
(1) ukd,fjzifh jyKvkyftyfaom pkdufqkd; 3-yg;rSm(u) olwpfyg;\ toufukd owfjcif; ?
(c) olwpfyg;\ Opmukd ckd;,ljcif; ?
(*) umrrI azmufjyefjcif; wkdYjzpfonf/
(2) EIwfjzifh jyKvkyfaom pkdufqkd; 4-yg;rSm(u) r[kwfrrSef vdrfnm ajymqkdjcif; ?
(c) cifrifaeol tcsif;csif; pdwf0rf;uGJatmif ukef;wkdufpum; ajymqkdjcif; ?
(*) rdrd olwpfyg; tusdK;r&Sdaom pum;ukd ajymqkdjcif; ?
(C) Murf;wrf;aom pum;ukd ajymqkdjcif; wkdY jzpfonf/
(3) pdwfjzifh jyKvkyfaom pkdufqkd; 3-yg;rSm(u) olwpfyg;\ ypnf;ukd rdrd&,l&ef rw&m;aom enf;vrf;jzifh MuHpnfjcif; ?
(c) olwpfyg;\ pnf;pdrfOpmukd zsufqD;&ef MuHpnfjcif; ?
(*) t,ltjrif rSm;,Gif;jcif; wkdY jzpfonf/
azmfjyyg pkdufqkd;rsm;ukd rjyKvkyfbJ a&SmifMuOfaeolukd pkdufaumif; &Sdol?
pm&dwaumif;ol [l Ak'a'oemawmf a[mjyxm;avonf/

vlwkdYusifh&m r*Fvm
Ak'a'oemawmf vlrIb0usifhxkH;rsm;ukd taumif;qkH; azmfjyonfh a'oem
wpfckvnf; &Sdonf/ ,if;um; r*Fvokwfw&m;awmf jzpfonf/ r*Fvokwfonf vlUb0
wpfckvkH;twGuf aqmif&ef a&Smif&efrsm;ukd azmfjyxm;\/ w&m;awmfukd tESpfcsKyfvQif
38-yg;rQ &Sdonf/ ,if;wkdYrSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf/
(1) vlrkdufukd raygif;azmfjcif; ?
(2) ynm&Sdolukd qnf;uyfjcif; ?
(3) ylkaZmfxdkufolukd ylaZmfjcif; ?
(4) oifhavsmfaom t&yfa'o aexkdifjcif; ?
(5) a&S;u jyKaom aumif;rI&Sdjcif; ?
(6) rdrdukd,fukd aumif;pGm xdef;odrf;jcif; ?
(7) tMum;tjrif A[kokw rsm;jcif; ?
(*) pufrI vufrIpaom tjypfrJhynmukd wwfajrmufjcif; ?
(9) ,Ofaus;rI tusifhodumukd oif,ljcif; ?
(10) aumif;aom pum;ukd ajymqkdjcif; ?
(11) rdbESpfyg;wkdYtm; vkyfauR;jcif; ?
(12) om; r,m;wkdYtm; ay;urf; axmufyHhjcif; ?
(13) rnfolUukdrQ rxdckdfufaom tvkyfukd vkyfjcif; ?
(14) ay;urf; vSK'gef;jcif; ?

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (44)

(15) jrwfaomtusifhukd usifhjcif; ?

(16) aqGrsdK;wkdYukd wwfEkdifoavmuf axmufyHhjcif; ?
(17) tukokdvf uif;aom tvkyfukd vkyfjcif; ?
(18) raumif;rIukd pdwfjzifh a0;pGm a&Smifjcif; ?
(19) raumif;rIukd ukd,f EIwfESpfyg;jzifh a&Smifjcif; ?
(20) ao&nf ao&uf rl;,pfaq;0g;wkdYukd a&Smifjcif; ?
(21) aumif;rIwkdY rarhavsmhjcif; ?
(22) kdaoxkdufolukd kdaojcif; ?
(23) armufrmrI r&SdbJ ESdrfhcsjcif; ?
(24) &orQESifh a&mifh&J wif;wdrfjcif; ?
(25) olwpfyg;\ aus;Zl;ukd odwwfjcif; ?
(26) tcgtcGifh oifhwkdif; w&m;emjcif; ?
(27) onf;cHwwfjcif; ?
(28) qkdqkH;r vG,fulol jzpfjcif; ?
(29) t&d,m oHCmwkdYukd zl;awGUjcif; ?
(30) oifhavsmfaom tcg w&m;aqG;aEG;jcif; ?
(31) NcdK;jcHpGm usifhjcif; ?
(32) jrwfaom tusifh &Sd&jcif; ?
(33) t&d,opmw&m;ukd odjrif&jcif; ?
(34) edAmefcsrf;omukd rsufarSmufjyKEkdifjcif; ?
(35) avmu"Hw&m;wkdYukd cHEkdif&nf &Sdjcif; ?
(36) pkd;&drf aMumifhMurI r&Sdjcif; ?
(37) jyif;jyaom tvkd&ruf uif;jcif; ?
(38) aMumuf&GHUrI r&Sdjcif; ?

BuD;yGm;csrf;om a'oem
vlom;wkYd onf b0wpfck jzpfwnfvmNyDqv
dk Qif t"duusaom vlUb0vkt
d ifrsm;
rvGJraoG jzpfay:vm&onf/ ta&; 4-yg;onf vlUb0\ y"mevkdtifrsm; jzpf\/
,if;wkYdrmS (1) pm;aomufa&; ?
(2) 0wfqifa&; ?
(3) aexkdifa&; ?
(4) pdwfajza&; wkdY jzpfayonf/
orkdif;pOfquf vlom;wkdYonf ta&; 4-yg; jynfh0a&;twGuf vIyf&Sm;cJhMu
&onf/ kef;uefcJhMu&onf/ vlUorkdif;BuD; wnf&SdaeorQ enf;[ef trsdK;rsdK;jzifh vIyf&Sm;
aeMu&rnfom jzpfonf/ okdY vIyf&Sm;aerSomvQif b0vkdtifrsm; jynfhpkHvmrnf/
vkdtifrsm; jynfh0a&;twGuf pD;yGm;OpmwkdYukd &SmazGMu&onf/ pD;yGm;Opm jynfhpkHrSomvQif
ta&; 4-yg;ukd vG,fulpGm ajz&Sif;EkdifMu\/
Ak'bk&m;onf vlrIb0 zlvkHa&;? pD;yGm;Opm jzpfxGef;a&; twGufvnf; a'oem

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (45)

rsm;jzifh a[mMum;cJhonf/ oAnKw Pftjrifjzifh bufpkH axmifhpkHrS a[mjycJhonf/

Ak'bk&m;&Sifonf yu&ywrnfaom ed*kH; oDwif;okH;aepOf As*yZac:aom
'g,umwpfa,mufu vlrIb0 zlvkHa&;twGuf pD;yGm;jzpfaMumif; w&m;wkdYukd ar;avQmuf
cJhonf/ xkdtcg bk&m;&Sifu avmucsrf;om &aMumif;&Sm or'gw&m; 4-yg;ukd a[mjy
awmfrlavonf/
(1) O|me or'g = rysif;r&d x<uvkHYv 0D&D,&SdrIESifh jynfhpkHjcif; ?
(2) tm&u or'g = &&Sdvmonfh ypnf;OpmwkdYukd vdrmuRrf;usifpGm apmifha&Smuf
xdef;odrf;wwfrIESifh jynfpkHjcif; ?
(3) uvsmPrdw or'g = rSDckd ukd;pm; tm;xm;avmufonfh rdwfaqGaumif; &Sd
rIESifh jynfhpkHjcif; ?
(4) orZD0dw or'g = pepfwus rQwpGm toufarG; okH;pGJ aexkdifwwfrIESifh jynfh
pkHjcif; ?
xkdYjyif BuD;yGm;csrf;omjcif;? atmifjrifausmfMum;jcif;paom tusKd;aumif;rsm;
&&Sda&;twGuf orwdpufac:aom puf 4-rsdK;ESifhvnf; jynfhpkH&ef vkdtyfonf/
(1) y#dly a'o0go = pD;yGm;a&;? bmoma&;ponfh atmifjrif wkd;wufEkdifaom
t&yf tajccs aexkdif&jcif; ?
(2) oyK&doyl ed, = olawmfaumif;rsm;ESihf ynm&Sd rdwaf qGaumif; taygif;toif;
rsm; &Sd&jcif; ?
(3) tworm yPd"d = rdrdukd,fukd vlawmfvlaumif; jzpfatmif jyKjyifay;&jcif; ?
(4) ykaAp uwyknwm = a&SUykdif;umv a&S;b0u jznfhusifh qnf;yl;cJhaom aumif;
aom vkyfaqmifrI &Sd&jcif; ?
avmuD avmukw&m bufpkHzGHUNzdK; wkd;wufa&;ukd &,lvkdaom yk*dKvfonf
txufyg a'oemtwkdif; vkdufem usifhokH;tyfayonf/ a'oemawmfvm BuD;yGm;
csrf;omaMumif; w&m;rsm;onf vufiif;b0twGuf {uef BuD;yGm;EkdfifaomOya'orsm;
jzpfonf/ vufawGUusaom w&m;"rvnf; jzpfonf/
]] OKHzG ref;vQif t&rf; BuD;yGm;rnf? }} [laom rE&a'oem pdwful;,Of aqmif
yk'fpmvnf; r[kwf/
]] wu,fvkyfrS t[kwfBuD;yGm;rnf? }} [laom vufawGU a'oem aqmifyk'fpm
rsm; jzpfacsonf/
vlwkdYonf or'g 4-yg;ESifh tnD BudK;pm; tm;xkwfojzifh b0ESifh b0pnf;pdrf
rsm;ukd &&SdEkdifMuonf/ xkd&&Sfdvmaom b0tajctaeukd rysufr,Gif;atmif rdrdb0ukd
xdef;odrf;aewwfzkdYvnf; vkdtyfonf/ tu,f rdrdu taetxkdif rwwfcJhvQif &&SdNyD;
aom b0pnf;pdrfrsm; ysufpD;oGm;&rnf jzpfonf/
b0pnf;pdrfOpm ysufpD; qkwf,kwfaMumif; w&m;rsm;ukd okdY azmfjyxm;\/
(1) ao&nfao&ufpaom rl;,pfypnf;rsm;ukd okH;pGJavh &Sdjcif; ?
(2) tcsdeftcgrJh c&D;oGm;vmavh &Sdjcif; ?
(3) yGJobifwkdY oGm;vm MunhfIavh &Sdjcif; ?
(4) avmif;upm; ponf 0goemxkHjcif; ?
(5) raumif;aom taqGcifyGef;wkdYESifh aygif;oif;jcif; ?
(6) ysif;&davh &Sdjcif; ?

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (46)

Ak'p may od*gF avm0g'okwf a'oemawmfonf vlr'I u

k ajz&Si;f a&;? vlwef;pm;
tcsif;csif; ajyvnfpGm qufqHa&;paom vlrIa&;uxm pOf;rsOf;tjzmjzmwkdYukd
azmfjyxm;aom w&m;awmf jzpfonf/ Ak'w&m;awmfrsm;onf vlom;wkdY\ ta&; 4yg;twGuf vufawGU &&SdEkdfifaom "ra'oemrsm; jzpfonf/
Ak'\ a'oemwkdYwGif vkd&if;ukd Ekwf tusOf;csKyfxm;aom a'oemwpfyk'f
&Sdonf/ ,if;a'oemrSm(1) raumif;rIukd rjyK& ?
(2) aumif;rIukd jyK&rnf ?
(3) pdwfukd jzLpifap&rnf[l jzpfayonf/ txufyg 3-csufonf Ak'bk&m;&Sif\ "ra'oemawmf tESpfcsKyf
jzpfownf;/

Ak'\ 'ew&m;awmf
Ak'bk&m;&Sifonf trSefw&m;ukkd &SmazG&mwGif obm0w&m; tay: csOf;uyf
&SmazGcJhonf/ avmuobm0ukd tajccHuspGm okH;oyfMunfhIcJhonf/ xkdtcg avmu
obm0 wu,fwrf; &Sdaeaom w&m; 4-rsdK;ukd awGUjrifvm&onf/
(1) tmkHukd odwwfaom pdwfobm0w&m; ?
(2) pdwfukd trSDjyK jzpfay:wwfaom apwodufobm0w&m; ?
(3) azmufjyef ajymif;vJaeaom kyfobm0w&m; ?
(4) pGJvrf;rIrsm;rS vGwfajrmufaom edAmefoabmw&m; ?
azmfjyyg obm0w&m; 4-yg;wkdYonf wu,fwrf; &Sdaeaom obm0w&m;rsm;
jzpfonf/ xkdt&Sdw&m; 4-yg;wkdYwGif edAmef[laom obm0w&m;rSm Ak'ukd,fwkdif &SmazG
awGU&SdcJhaom "mwfobm0wpfck jzpfonf/ edAme"mwfonf vlom;wkdY\ Nidrf;csrf;rIukd
tpOfxm0& ay;aeaom "mwfobm0vnf; jzpf\/ Ak'bmomwkdY\ txGwftxdyfjzpf
aom "mwfvnf; jzpfonf/ edAme"mwf\ tESpfom& obm0ukd &&SdEkdif&eftwGuf
Ak'bmom0ifwkdif; tywfwukwf BudK;pm; tm;xkwfaeMuavonf/
Ak'bk&m;&Sifonf edAme"mwfobm0ukd odjrifcHpm;Ekdif&eftwGuf a'oem
tpm;pm;jzifh a[mMum;jycho
J nf/ edAm e"mwfudk odjrifEidk &f eftwGuf tm;xkwMf u&m a&Smif
MuOf&rnfh udpwkdYukd a&S;OD;pGm a[mjyxm;onf/
- umr*kPf tmkHaemufokdY &rufBuD;pGm vkduf cHpm;aeojzifh edAme"mwfukd
rodEkdif /
- rdrdcEmukd,fukd tqif;&JcH yifyef;BuD;pGm usifhaeojzifhvnf; edAme"mwfukd
rodEkdif /
rSefayonf/ edAme"mwf oabmukd PfpuKjzifhom od&SdEkdif\/ cEmukd,fukd
tyifyef;cH usiMhf uHjcif;jzifh Pfvrf;aMumif;ay:okYd ra&mufEidk af y/ Ak'b
&k m;&Sif uk,
d w
f idk f
6-ESpfMumrQ cEmukd,fukd tyifyef;cH usifhMuHcJhzl;onf/ tyifyef;cHvQif tjrifrSef
&vdrfhrnf[kvnf; ,kHMunfcJhonf/ xkdtcsdefu tdEd,EkdifiH&Sd kd;&musifhxkH;rsm;rSm
trsm;tm;jzifh cEmukd,fukd nOf;yef;&aom usifhxkH;rsm; jzpfonf/
Ak'avmif;vsm vkdcsifonfum; b0Nidfrf;csrf;rI jzpf\/ jidrf;csrf;rI &&Sd&eftwGuf

a&pBudK t&Sif{ofdu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (47)

cEmuk,
d u
f dk nO;f yef; usif&h onf/ cEmukd nO;f qJojzifh cEm'kuo
m &cJo
h nf/ b0Nidr;f csrf;
rIukd r&cJhay/ xkdYaMumifh kd;&musifhxkH;rsm;ukd vufvTwfNyD; b0Nidrf;csrf;rIukd rZdry#dy'gac:
tv,ftvwf vrf;pOfjzifh &SmazGcJhonf/ xkdtcgrS Nidrf;csrf;aom edAme"mwfukd awGUod&
onf/ Ak'bk&m;&Sifonf(1) qif;&Jjcif; w&m;ukdvnf;aumif; ?
(2) qif;&Jjcif; taMumif;w&m;ukdvnf;aumif; ?
(3) Nidrf;csrf;rI w&m;ukdvnf;aumif; ?
(4) Nidrf;csrf;jcif; taMumif;w&m;ukdvnf;aumif;ukd,fykdifPfjzifh awGUjrifvmonf/ xkd 4-rsdK;ukd opm (trSefw&m;) av;yg;[k ac:qkd\/
,if; 4-yg;\ t"dym,frSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf/
(1) qif;&Jjcif;w&m;/ / y#doaE ae&jcif;? tkdrif;&jcif;? emzsm;&jcif;? aoqkH;&jcif;?
rcspfoEl iS hf aygif;&jcif;? cspfoEl iS hf cG&J jcif;? tvk&d adS om tmku
H dk r&jcif;? tusOf;tm;
jzifh pGJvrf;rItmkHjzpfaom kyfemrftpkwkdYonf qif;&Jjcif;w&m; rnf\/
(2) qif;&JaMumif;w&m;/ / jyif;jyaom vkcd sifrI (0g) wPSmonf b0opfuadk rQmfvifh
jzpfay:avh &Sd\/ xkdwPSmonf umrukd pGJvrf;jcif;? b0ukd pGJvrf;jcif;? 0db0ukd
pGJvrf;jcif;rsm; jzpfay:aponf/ xkdtpGJtvrf;rsm;onf qif;&JaMumif;w&m;rsm;
jzpfonf/
(3) Nidrf;csrf;rIw&m;/ / pGJvrf;rIw&m;\ uif;&m? csKyfNidrf;&m? wPSm\ uyfNidfjcif;
uif;&m edAmefonf &Sd\/ xkdedAmef[laom oabmw&m;onf qif;&J\ csKyfNidrf;&m
Nidrf;csrf;rI trSef jzpf\/
(4) Nidrf;csrf;jcif; taMumif;w&m;/ / edAme"mwfoabmukd od&SdEkdif&eftwGuf
tajccHw&m; 8-yg; &Sdonf/ xkd 8-yg;udk rZdry#dy'gvrf;pOf[k ac:onf/ r*if
8- yg;[kvnf; ac:\/

r*if&Spfyg; jrwfw&m;
(1) orm'd|d/ / rSefuefaom tofdtjrifukd ac:onf/
'kuopmukd odjrifjcif;? 'kuopmjzpfaMumif; ork',opmukd odjrifjcif;?
'ku csKyfNidrf;&m eda&m"opmukd odjrifjcif;? 'kucsKyf&m edAmefokdY a&mufaMumif;
tusifhukd oddjrifjcif; ?
(2) ormouFy/ / rSefuefaom tMuHtpnfukd ac:onf/
umr*kPt
f pGrJ S xGuaf jrmuf&mukd MuHpnfjcif;? olwpfyg;wkYd twGuf aumif;
pm;a&; csrf;om;a&;ukd MuHpnfjcif;? oem;a&S;I ow0gwkdY\ csrf;oma&;ukd
MuHpnfjcif; ?
(3) or0gpm/ / rSefuefaompum; ajymqkfdjcif;ukd ac:onf/
r[kwfrrSef ajymqkdjcif;? ukef;wkdufpum; ajymjcif;? kefY&if;Murf;wrf;aom
pum;ukd ajymjcif;? tusdK;r&Sd jydefzsif;aom pum;ukd ajymqkdjcif;wkdYrS a&SmifMuOf
jcif;?
(4) ormurE/ / rSefuefaomtrI jyKjcif;ukd ac:onf/
olUtouf owfjcif;? olUOpmukd ckd;,ljcif;? 0wKumr*kPfwkdY rSm;,Gif;pGm

a&pBusd t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (48)

usifhjcif;wkdYrS a&SmifMuOfjcif; ?
(5) ormtmZD0/ / rSefuefaom toufarG;rI jyKjcif;ukd ac:onf/
toufarG;rI vkyfief;ukd jyKvkyfaomtcg EIwfrI pkdufqkd; 4-yg;? ukd,frI
pkdufqkd; 3-yg;wkdYukd a&SmifMuOfjcif; ?
(6) orm0g,mr/ / rSefuefaom tm;xkwfrIukd ac:onf/
rjzpfao;aom tukov
dk w
f &m;wkYd udk rjzpfap&ef tm;xkwjf cif;? jzpfNyD;aom
tukokdvfw&m;wkdYukd qufvuf rjzpfay:ap&ef tm;xkwfjcif;? rjzpfao;aom
ukokdvfw&m;wkdYukd jzpfay:ap&ef tm;xkwfjcif;? jzpfNyD;aom ukokdvfw&m;wkdYukd
xyfrH jyefYyGm;ap&ef tm;xkwfjcif; ?
(7) ormowd/ / rSefuefaom atmufarhrIukd ac:onf/
um,? a0'em? pdwf? "r[laom kyfemrf obm0wkdY tBudrfBudrf avhvm
atmufarhjcif; ?
(8) ormorm"d/ / rSefuefaom wnfMunfrIukd ac:onf/
kyfemrf obm0ukd Ijrifqifjcif&m pdwfukd wnfNidrfpGm xm;&Sdjcif; ?
txufazmfjyyg r*if&Spf&yf w&m;jrwfukd tkyfpk trsdK;tpm; cGJjcm;&m - or'd|d? orouFywkdYukd ] ynmr*if } vnf;aumif; ?
- orm0gpm? orurE? ormtmZD0wkdYukd ] oDvr*if } vnf;aumif; ?
- or0g,mr? ormowd? ormorm"dwkdYukd ] orm"dr*if } vnf;aumif; xnfhoGif;
zGJUpnf;xm;avonf/
r*if&Spfyg;onf opmac: trSefw&m;ukd odjrifEkdifaom w&m;rsm; jzpfonf/
edAme"mwfukd awGUjrifEkdifaom taMumif;w&m;rsm; jzpfonf/ edAm"mwf\ obm0ukd
awGUjrifod&Sdaom olonf Ak'bmom\ txGwftxdyfjzpfaom w&m;"rukd &&Sdol
rnfavawmhonf/
Ak'bk&m;onf jrifhjrwfaom trSefw&m; (opm) 4-yg;ukd rd*'g0kef awm0em
tapmqk;H a[mMum;cJo
h nf/ a'oemawmf\ trnfudk ] "rpuy0weokwf } [k ac:onf/
xkdokwf a[mxm;aom a'oemxJwGif t"dym,f azmf,l&ef cufxJaom taMumif;
t&mrsm;vnf; yg&Sdonf/ t"dym,f t,ltqrsm;vnf; uGJjym;Ekdifonf/
okwaf wmfom r[kw/f Ak'b
&k m;&Sif a[mMum;aom tjcm; a'oemawmfrsm;
vnf; t"dym,f azmf,l&ef vQdKU0Suf eufIdif;aom cufcJ odrfarGUaom taMumif;&yfrsm;ukd
awGU&SMd u&onf/ vGecf ahJ om ESpaf ygif; 2600-cefYu a[mMum;cJah oma'oempum; a0g[m&
rsm;rS &nfnTef;csufwkdYukd ,aeYacwftjrifESifh t"dym,f azmf,l&ef cufcJonfrSm tqef;
r[kwfay/ xkdYjyif Ak'a[mMum;aom bmompum;uvnf; jrefrmbmom pum;r[kwf/
vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif; 900-0ef;usifu yk*Hacwfxkd; jrefrmbmoma&;
ausmufpmrsm;ukdyif jrefrmwkdY t"dym,f zGifhqkdcsufrsm;? aumuf,l qkH;jzwfcsufrsm; uGJjym;
jcm;em;cJhMuonf r[kwfygavm/
rnfoYdk &Sad p? "rpuy0weokwf a[mMum;aom a'oemawmf\ vk&d if;tcsuf
ukdrl odEkdifMuygonf/ ow0gwkdY qif;&Jjzpfay:ae&onfrSm wPSm[laom pGJvrf;rIaMumifh
jzpfonf/ wPSmukd jzwfawmufEidk v
f Qif pdwyf idk ;f qkid &f m qif;&J'u
k v
nf; jywfuif;oGm;rnf/
qif;&Juif;&m edAme"mwfukdvnf; awGUjrifEkdifrnf jzpfavonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (49)

edAmefoabmw&m;
edAmefqkdonfrSm edyk'f? 0geyk'fwkdYukd aygif;pyfxm;aom a0g[m&jzpfonf/
ed= r&Sjd cif;? 0ge= pGv
J rf;rI[l t"dym,f &Sdonf/ pGJvrf;rI r&Sdjcif;onfyif edAme"mwf\ t"dym,fjzpfonf/
a0g[m&ukd jrefrmEkdifiH Ak'bmom0ifwkdYu ] edAmef } [l ygVdowf a0g[m&jzifh ac:
qkdaeMuonf/
edAmef\ *kPfyk'fukd zGifhqkda&;om;Muaom pmayrsm; tvGefrsm;jym;vSonf/
edAmefonf tvGefw&m jrifhjrwfonf/ tpOfxm0& wnfNrJaeaom w&m;jzpf\/ ajr a&
av rD;[laom "mwfBuD; 4-yg;wkdYjzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom t&mvnf; r[kwf/ qif;&J
rIukd ausmfvGef\/ qif;&JrI\ tqkH;vnf; jzpf\/ rnfolrQ zefqif;xm;aom t&mvnf;
r[kwf/ wPSm Oyg'gefwkdYukd tajccH jzpfay:vmaom cHpm;rI a0'emrsdK;vnf; r&Sday/
edAmef jzpfjcif;oabmw&m;vnf; r&Sd/ ysufjcif;oabmw&m;vnf; r&Sd/
obm0tavsmuf xm0&Nidrf;csrf;rI &Sdae\/ edAmef\ wnf&mukd nTefjyvnf; rjzpf/
tcsdefra&G;? ae&mra&G; aoG;ESifhukd,f om;ESifhukd,fyif edAmefcsrf;omukd &&SdEkdifMuonf/
edAmefcsrf;omukd wpfBudrfrQ awGU&SdcHpm;zl;olonf edAmef\ t&omukd xyfrH qkH;IH;onf[k
r&Sdawmhay/ tcsdefra&G; edAmeft&omukd cHpm;EkdifMuavonf/
edAmefonf txnfukd,f j'yf[l xif&Sm;r&SdbJ obm0tm;jzifh csKyfjidrf;aeonfh
oknwvuPm &Sdonf/ xkdjidrf;csrf;rIonf xm0&wnf&Sdaeaom obm0w&m;
jzpfonf/ xm0&jidrf;csrf;aeaom obm0onf xm0&0dnmOfawmfESifh rnfokdYrQ rywf
oufacs/
edAmefonf umvrJhoabmw&m;vnf; jzpfonf/ tjzpfw&m; r&SdbJ wnfwHh
ae\/ xkdYaMumifh edAmefukd ] tjzpfrJh t&Sdw&m; } [k ac:qkdtyfayonf/ xkdtjzpfrJh
t&dSw&m; tmkHay: pdwf0dnmOfukd wnfxm;Ekdifolonf vGwfajrmufrIukd &&SdoGm;awmh
onf/ edAmef\ Nidrf;csrf;rI oabmukd awGUjrifol jzpfayawmhonf/
edAmefukd jrifodEkdifaom? edAmef\ t&omukd cHpm;Ekdifaom yk*dKvfwkdYukd Ak'a'
oemawmf (1) aomwmyef tqifh ?
(2) ou'g*grf tqifh ?
(3) tem*grf tqifh ?
(4) &[Em tqifh [l 4-rsdK; cGJjcm; xm;\/
okYd 4-rsKd ; cGjJ cm;xm;onfrmS pGv
J rf;rI w&m;rsm;ukd y,fcmG Ekid af om pdwpf rG ;f tm;
ukd Munfh tqifhjyKvkyfxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ tqifh 4-rsdK;vkH;yif edAmefukd odjrifEkdifolrsm;
jzpfonf/ xkdyk*dKvfrsm;ukd ] t&d,myk*dKvf } [l ac:qkdxm;avonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (50)

tcef; (6)

ax&0g'ESifh jrefrmEkdifiH
Ak'bk&m;ESifh jrefrmEkdifiH
Ak'b
&k m;&Sio
f nf oufawmfxif&mS ; &Spd Ofuyif jrefrmEkid if o
H Ydk <ua&mufcahJ Mumif;
tcsdKU rSwfwrf;rsm; azmfjyMuonf/
bk&m;&Sifonf *0Hywd&[Emrax&f\ yifhavQmufcsuft& aemufyg &[Em
500-ESifhtwl ok0PbkrdNrdKUokdY <ua&mufawmfrlvm\/ bk&m;&Sifonf yifv,fjyifxuf
aumif;uifjyifrS <uvmawmfrlpOf yifv,fa&jyiftwGif; [oFmwpf0yfpmrQ ay:aeaom
oJjyifay: [oFmzkdu atmuf? [oFmru xyf 0yfaeonfukd jrif&onf/ xkdjzpf&yfukd
Munfh bk&m;&Sif NyHK;awmfrl\/ xkdtaMumif;ukd ar;avQmuf&m ]] aemifaomtcg
ae&mrSm [Hom0wDtrnf&Sdaom jynfBuD; jzpfvdrfhrnf? }} [l Asm'dwfMum;awmfrl\/
ok0PbkrdjynfESifh Ouvmyjynf omoemawmf wnfxGef;rnfhtaMumif;ukd
vnf; Asm'dwfay;cJhonf/ ,if;Asm'dwfpum;t& [Hom0wDjynf? ok0Pbkrdjynf?
OuvmyjynfwkdYrSm omoemxGef;um;&m jynfrsm; jzpfcJhMuonf/
tvm;wlyif t&dr'eac: yk*HjynfBuD; wnfrnfhtaMumif;ESifh omoemawmf
xGefum;rnfh taMumif;ukdvnf; bk&m;&Sifonf wefYMunfhawmifrS Asm'dwfay;awmfrlonf/
okemy&E? ty&E ac: rif;bl; v,fukdif;ausmif;awmf&mokdYvnf; <ua&mufonf/
pufawmf&mrsm;ukdvnf; csxm;awmfrlavonf/
xkdrQ ruao;/ jrefrmEkdifiH apwDykxkd; trsdKrsdK;ESifh NrdKUawmfwnf&m tjzmjzmwkdYukd
vnf; bk&m;&Sif\ Asm'dwfawmft& jzpfay:vm&aMumif; orkdif;tapmifapmifwkdY a&;om;
azmfjyxm;Muonf/ ,if;okdY a&;om;xm;MuonfrSm o'gw&m;ukd tajccH ay:ayguf
vmaom pmayrsm; jzpfygonf/
Ak'b
&k m;ESihf qufpyf azmfjyaeMuonfrmS jrefrmEkid o
H m r[kw/f oD&v
d uFmac:
oD[kdVfEkdifiHuvnf; Ak'bk&m;onf oD[kdVfuRef;okdY <ua&mufawmfrlvmaMumif; oD[kdVfAk'
bmom0ifwkdY vufcH,kHMunfaecJhMuonf/
tcsdKUokawoDwkdYu jrefrmEkdifiHokdY bk&m;&Sif <uvmawmfrlaMumif; t|uxm
pum;jzifh ukd;um;jyMuonf/ ukd;um;csufwkdYrSmvnf; rjiif;omaom ukd;um;csufrsm;
jzpfonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf jrefrmEkdifiH twGif;&Sd omoedu txdrf;trSwf tcsdKUrSm
xku
d sr;f rsm;ESihf uku
d n
f aD eaomaMumifw
h nf;/ okYd uku
d n
f aD eonfrmS vnf; a&S;acwfjrefrm
wkdYonf omoemawmfusrf;vm jzpfpOfwkdYukd twkvkduf jyKvkyfxm;aomaMumifh
jzpfayonf/
&Sif;ygOD;rnf/ jrefrmEkdifiHonf &mpkESpf tapmykdif;uyif tdEd,vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh
qufqHcJhMuonf/ tdEd,,Ofaus;rIukd vufcHcJhMuonf/ xkdYaemuf Ak'bmomvnf;
a&muf&Sdvmavonf/
jrefrmwkdYonf Ak'bmomukd vufcHNyD;aemuf Ak'pmayrsm;ukd avhvmMuonf/
MunfndKo'gyGm;Muonf/ Ak'bmom pmayxJu trnfemrrsm;ukd jrwfEkd;ojzifh twk,l

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (51)

rSnfhac:Muonf/
aemufykdif;wGif Ak'bmom0ifwkdYonf xkdtrnfwkdYukd tajccH Ak'omoedu
txdr;f trSwf ypn;f rsm;ukd wnfaqmufcMhJ uonf/ xkyd pn;f rsm;ukd usrf;*efwYdk jzifh jyefvnf
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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (52)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (53)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (54)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (55)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (56)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (57)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (58)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (59)

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aemufykdif;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHonf ax&0g' omoemhEkdifiHawmf jzpfvmcJhavonf/

jrefrmrif;rsm;vufxuf Ak'bmom
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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (60)

apmapmykdif;u Ak'bmom0if jzpfygvsuf aemufykdif;wGif rdrdbmomukd opm

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (61)

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hJ nfh a&S;OD;oHCm*kP
d ;f jzpfonf/
(2) ypmoHCm*kdPf;rSm t&Sifqy'rax&f xlaxmifaom*dkPf; jzpfonf/
qy'onfoD[kdVfokdY oGm; pmayoifMum;&mrS tjyefwGif t&SifoD0vd? t&SifwmrvdE?
t&SiftmeEmESifh t&Sif&m[kvmwkdYukd yifhvmcJhonf/ jrefrmjynf a&mufaomtcg if;wkdYu
rdrdwkdYbmom oHCmhuHukd jyKvkyfMuonf/ e&ywdpnfolrif;uvnf; xkd&[ef;tzGJUukd
tm;ay;onf/ xkd*kdPf;rSm aemufrS ay:aygufvmaomaMumifh ] ypmoHCm*kdPf; } [k
ac:Muonf/
xkd*kdPf;xJrS t&Sif&m[kvmrSm vlxGufNyD; rmvm,kokdY xGufoGm;onf/ rMumrD
t&Sifqy'vnf; ysHvGefawmfrlonf/ acgif;aqmifrax&f 3-yg;om usefawmhonf/
xkrd ax&f 3-yg;wkYd vnf; aemufyidk ;f wGif vmbfvmbESihf pyf oabmxm; rnDnw
G o
f jzifh
uGJjym;ukefMuonf/ *kdfPf;wpfckpD xlaxmifMuonf/ xkdtcsdefwGif yk*Hjynf(1) yk&droHCm*kdPf; ?
ypmoHCm*kdPf;rS(2) t&SifoD0vd tEG,f*kdPf; ?
(3) t&SifwmrvdE tEG,f*kdPf; ?
(4) t&SiftmeEm*kdfPf;[l 4-*kdPf; ay:aygufcJhavonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (62)

&mrnoHCm*kdPf;rsm;
yk*Hacwf aemufykdif;wGif atmufykdif;a'ovnf; &mrn*kdPf;ac: oHCm*kdPf;uGJ
rsm; ay:aygufc\
hJ / xk*d P
dk ;f xJrS tcsdKU*kP
d ;f rsm;rSm yk*o
H moem*kP
d ;f uGrJ sm;rS jyefYymG ;aeaom
*kdPf;rsm; jzpfonf/
&mrnwkdif; [Hom0wDukd tkyfpkd;aom "rapwDrif; vufxuf oHCm*kdPf;BuD;
6-*kdPf;rQ &Sdaeonf/
(1) uarmZ*kdPf;/ / taomurif; vufxufu t&Siaf omPESihf t&SiOf w&rax&f
wkdY tquftEG,f*kdPf; jzpfonf/ ,if;*kdPf;ukd ] t&d,moHCm*kdPf; } [kvnf;
ac:onf/ xkd*kdPf;rS rax&fwpfyg;onf pmayy&d,wf jynfhpkHaomaMumifh xif&Sm;
onf/ xkdrax&fonf vud,NrdKU? y*Fgacsmif;teD; oDwif;okH;onf/ xkdausmif;
ESihf reD;ra0; tdraf ps;BuD;vnf; &So
d nf/ xkt
d rd af ps; ywf0ef;usifwiG f uarmZwkid ;f
om; okHUyef;wkdYukd aeaponf/ xkdaps;ukdvnf; uarmZaps;[k ac:onf/ aemuf
ykdif;wGifum; ausmif;ukdvnf; uarmZaps;ausmif;[k ac:onf/
wpf&aH omtcg 'vNrdKUrS oD&pd nfol trnf&adS om 'g,umu uarmZaps;
ausmif; rax&ftm; ausmif;BuD; aqmuf wifvSLukd;uG,fonf/ xkdrax&frS
qif;oufvmaom oHCmwkdYukd ] uarmZ*kfdPf; } oHCm[k ac:qkdMuonf/
(2) &SifoD0vd*kdPf;/ / xk*d P
fdk ;f rSm yk*jH ynf t&Sio
f 0D vd rax&f*P
dk ;f rS qufymG ;vmaom
*kdPf; jzpfonf/
(3) &SifwmrvdE*kdfPf;/ / yk*HrSyif a&mufvmonf/
(4) &SiftmeEm*kdPf;/ / yk*HrSyif a&mufvmonf/
(5) &SifAk'0Ho*kdPf;/ / rkwrNrdKUom; t&SifAk'0Hoonf oD[kdVfokdY oGm; yOif;cHNyD;
jyefvmonf/ rdzk&m;u ukd;uG,fojzifh rdzk&m;q&mawmf[k ac:onf/ xkdq&m
awmfuvnf; *kdfPf;wnfaxmif oHCmhuHukd oD;jcm; jyKavonf/
(6) &Sifr[mem**kdP;f / / xkrd ax&frmS vnf; rkwr NrdKUom;yif jzpfonf/ oD[Vdk o
f mG ;
yOif;cHonf/ jyefvmaomtcg oD;jcm; oHCmhuH jyK *kdPf;axmifaeol jzpfonf/
txufyg *kdPf;BuD; 6-*kdPf;wkdYonf wpf*kdPf;ESifh wpf*kdfPf; aygif;oif;jcif; rjyK
Mu/ rdrdwkdY *kdPf;tcsif;csif;om oHCmhuH jyKaeMuonf/ "rapwDrif; eef;wufcsdeftxd
xkdtwkdif;yif aqmif&Guf jyKusifhaeMuonf/
"rapwDrif;onf omoemawmf xGef;um; jyefYyGm;a&;ukd txl;aqmif&Gufae
onf/ omoedu taqmufttkH rsm;pGmukd aqmufvkyfonf/ oHCmawmfwkdYtm; ypnf;
av;yg;jzifh axmufyhH ylaZmfonf/ okYd aomfvnf; oHCmwkYd rmS *kP
d ;f tcsi;f csi;f aygif;oif;jcif;
rjyKMuojzifh pdwaf useyf[ef rwlay/ oHCmcsi;f pnf;vk;H nDnw
G af pcsio
f nf/ okYdaomfvnf;
a&S;txufuyif uGJjym;vmcJhMuojzifh pnf;vkH;ay;&ef rvG,fvSacs/
"rapwDrif;onf oHCm*kdfPf;rsm;ukd pnf;kH;&ef rjzpfEkdifaomaMumifh oD;jcm;
omoemukd xlaxmif&ef qk;H jzwfvu
dk o
f nf/ udpu
dk aqmif&u
G Ef idk &f eftwGuf odro
f o
H ,
ukdtaMumif;jyonf/
"rapwDrif;onf vuf&o
dS rd rf sm;rSm oHo,jzpfz,
G f &So
d nf[k qku
d m &[ef;awmf
rsm;ukd oD[kdVfokdY apvTwf odumopf wifaponf/ jyefa&mufvQif oD[kdVfjyef q&mawmf
rsm;jzifh uvsmPDodrfawmfBuD;ukd orkwfonf/ xkdodrfawmfBuD; yOif;opf tajrmuftjrm;

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (63)

ukd cH,laponf/ tjcm; &[ef;awmfrsm;ukdvnf; odumopf wif,laponf/ "rapwD

rif;onf uvsmPDord x
f u
G f &[ef;wkYd udk OD;pm;ay;onf/ tjcm;odrrf sm;rS &[ef;jyKolwYdk udk
tav;rxm;awmhay/
"rapwDrif;\ aqmif&Gufcsufonf atmifjrifonf[k qkd&ygrnf/ aemufykdif;
wGif txufyg *kdPf; 6-*kdPf;rS &[ef;wkdYvnf; uvsmPDodrfawmf odumopfukd
wif,lMuonf/ yl;aygif; nDnGwfoGm;Muonf/
"rapwDacwf aemufykdif;wGif oHCm*kdPf;uGJrsm;vnf; arS;rSdefoGm;\/ aysmuf
uG,foGm;awmh\/ "rapwDrif;\ *kdPf;aygif;pnf;a&; aqmif&GufcsufrSm csD;usL;zG,f
aumif;vS\/

omoemawmf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fa&;
"rapwDrif;onf omoemawmf oefYpifa&;ukdvnf; tav;xm; aqmif&Guf
onf xkdacwfwGif omoemawmfESifh rtyfpyfaom tvkyfwkdYukd usifhaqmifaeolrsm;
&Sdonf/ xkd&[ef;rsdK;ukd Ekdifeif;pGm wm;jrpfyg&ef q&mawmfwkdYtm; avQmufxm;cJh\/
rif;BuD;\ omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;csufrsm;rS atmufyg tcsufwkdYukd MunfhvQif
xkdacwf\ roefYpifrIrsm;udk awGUMu&ygrnf/
- aq;ukaom trIukd jyKaom&[ef; ?
- *Pef; (aA'if)twwf? vuform;twwf? qifpG,fyGwform; twwfukd jyKaom
&[ef; ?
- rif;ESihf rif;trwf tp&Sad om olwYdk \ uav;oli,fwYdk udk csDy;dk xdr;f ,jcif;ukd jyKay;
aom &[ef; ?
- OygwoEdusrf;? edrdwfzwfusrf;? tdyfrufzwfusrf; zwfjcif;ukd jyKojzifh csrf;om
qif;&Jukd a[majymaom &[ef; ?
- yef;csaD q;a&;trI? yefyo
k rm;trI? yef;xdro
f rm;trI? bk&m;qif;wk vkyaf om yef;&ef
orm;trIponfwkdYukd jyK umr*kPf pnf;pdrfukd cHpm;ukefaom vlwkdYuJhokdY touf
arG;aom &[ef; ?
- 0gcif;? oav;cif;? aumufcif;? rka,mcif;? ikwfcif; ponfwkdYokdY oGm; &SnfpGm
aom oDcsif;oHjzifh w&m;a[mvsuf 0g? aumufpyg;? oav;pyg;? rka,mpyg;?
ikwfoD;ponfukd &onf&Sdaomf ukefoG,fa&mif;csjcif;jyKaom &[ef; ?
- ravsmfaom vlwkdYESifh a&maESmjcif;jzifh a&maESmaexkdifaom &[ef; ?
xkdtvkH;pkHaom &[ef;wkdYonf ,kwfrmaom &[ef;wkdYwnf;/ xkd,kwfrmaom
&[ef;wkdYtm; t&Sifbk&m;wkdYonf rdrdtxH tNrJrjywf aepdrfhaomiSm tcGifh ray;
Muapukefownf;/
"rapwDrif;onf okdYyif omoemawmf oefYpifa&;? t,ltjrif rSefuefa&;ukd
OD;pm;ay; aqmif&GufcJhaom rif;jzpfayonf/

t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;
yk*Hacwf aemufykdif;rS p jrefrmjynfwpf0ef;wGif *kdPf;BuD; 2-*kdPf; xGef;um;cJh
onf/ xkd*kdfPf;BuD;rsm;rSm ] t&nf;BuD;*kdPf; } ESifh ] yGJausmif;*kdPf; } wkdY jzpfonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (64)

,ckazmfjyrnfh t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;rSm taemf&xmrwkdifrDu ay:aygufcJhaom

t&nf;BuD;*kdPf; r[kwfay/ taemf&xm rwkdifrDu t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;rSm r[m,me*kdPf;rS
yJhyGm;vmaom wE&*kdPf;uGJwpfck jzpfonf/ xkd*kdPf;rSm taemf&xmrif;u wkdufzsufvkduf
ojzifh 11-&mpkuyif uG,faysmufoGm;cJhonf/ xkd*kdPf;ukd yxrt&nf;BuD;*kdPf;[k
ac:Ekdifonf/
,ck azmfjyrnfh t&nf;BuD;*kP
d ;f rSm e&ywdpnforl if; vufxufrS p ay:ayguf
vmaom *kdPf;jzpfonf/ xkd*kdPf;ukd omoem0if q&mpOfwkdY xnfhoGif;xm;jcif; r&Sday/
okawoeynm&SifwkdYu ausmufpmtukd;tum;jzifh &SmazGawGU&Sdxm;aom *kdPf;jzpfonf/
t&nf;qkdonfrSm t&n[laom ygVda0g[m&ukd emrowfjyK ac:qkdxm;jcif;
jzpfonf/ jrefrmbmomjzifh ] awmausmiff;*kdPf; } [k t"dym,f&onf/
awmausmif;*kdPf;0if t&nf;BuD;wkdYonf awmausmif; aeMuaomfvnf;
w&m;bm0emukd yGm;rsm;aeMuolrsm; r[kwfay/ olwkdYonf avmuDt,l0g'wkdYukd
vkdufpm;Muonf/ wE&*kdPf;\ vkyfaqmifcsufwkdYukd tarGcH vkyfukdifMuonf/ 0dZmjzpf
a&;? od'daygufa&;qkdaom vkyfief;rsm;ukd jyKvkyfMuonf/
t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;0ifwkdYrSm trJtpm pm;jcif;? ao&nft&uf aomufokH;jcif;?
nbufwGif trJao&nf ponf tvSLcH okH;aqmifMuaMumif; ausmufpma[mif;rsm;
awGUMu&onf/
xk*d P
dk ;f ukd wnfaxmiforl mS &Siu
f y jzpfonf/ &Siu
f yonf awmausmif;
ae wE&*kdfPf; tvkyfukd wGifus,fatmif jzefYjzL;onf/ rdrdukd,fwkdifum; ax&0g'Ak'
bmom &[ef;awmftjzpf cH,lxm;onf/ ax&0g' avmif;&dyfukd ckdvIH avmuDwE&
tvkyfukd BudK;ukwf aqmif&Gufaeol jzpfonf/
xkd&Sifuy\ twKywdwGif usm;ukd pD; c&D;oGm;jcif;? rdausmif;ukd pD;
yifv,fjyifudk jzwfausmfjcif;paom tHb
h eef;Zmwfvrf;rsm;jzifh tqef;wMu,f azmfjyMu\/
xkdyk*dKvfBuD;ukd wefckd;&Sif? od'd&Sif? r[d'd&SifBuD;tjzpf Pftm;csnfheJYolwkdYu ,kHMunfcJh
Muavonf/
&Sifuyonf tedrfhawmausmif;[kac:aom t&yfrS ae *kdPf;BuD;yGGm;atmif
csJUkjzefYcJhonf/ a&S;acwfu MuHwl (uefwl) [k ac:onf/ ,cktcg a&pBudK csif;wGif;jrpful;
wHwm;BuD;\ ta&SUbufurf; teD; &So
d nf/ &Siu
f y\ awmausmif;wku
d af [mif;BuD;ukd
,aeYwkdif awGUEkdifMuao;onf/
xkdrax&fonf e&ywdpnfolrif; vufxufwGif yk*HjynfokdY a&muf&SdoGm;onf/
yk*HjynfolwkdYonf rax&fBuD;ukd MunfndKMu\/ wE&qefaom vkyf&yfwkfdYukd oabmus
ESpfjcdKufukefMuonf/ rif;rSL;rwf tokdif;t0kdif;rS yk*dKvfwkdYonf rax&ftwGuf yk*Hjynf
ausmif;uefrsm;ukd wnfaqmufvSL'gef;Muonf/ ajr,mrsm;pGmukd vSLK'gef;Muonf/
yk*HjynfolwkdYonf t&nf;BuD;wkdY\ vkyf&yfrsm; jzpfaom wE&qefonfh
tvkyfwkdYukd pdwf0ifpm;vmMuonf/ wefckd;'dyg'f &&Sda&;? a'0g a'0DwkdY\ ulnDrI &&Sda&;
ukd arQmfvifhvmMuonf/ ]] ukd,fhtm;ukd,fukd; }} 0g'xuf ]] olrsm;tm; ukd,fukd; }} 0g'ukd
cH,larQmfvifhaeMuonf/
at'D 13-&mpkwGif rGef*kdwkdYu usL;ausmfwkdfufckdufvmMuonf/ xkdtcsdefwGif
tarQmfvGef0g'ESifh obm0vGef tmkHwkdYukd ckHrifaeMuaom jrefrmwkdYrSm tIH;ESifh &ifqkdifMu
&onf/ ppfIH;&jcif;rSm taMumif;onf t"du r[kwfaomfvnf; taMumif;wpf&yf

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (65)

taejzifh yg0ifaMumif; rjiif;qkdEkdifMuay/

tdEd,EkdifiHwGifvnf; uJhokdY tarQmfvGef0g'aMumifh EkdifiHjcm;om;wkdY vuf
atmufokdY vG,fulpGm usa&mufcJh&onf/ Ak'bmomvnf; uG,fycJh&onf r[kwfavm/
yk*Hacwf ukefvkeD;umvwGif awmausmif;*kdPf;BuD;onf txGwftxdyfokdY
a&mufcJhonf/ &Sifuy r&Sdonfh aemufvnf; olUwynfhrsm;u t&nf;*kdPf; vkyfief;
rsm;ukd qufvuf aqmif&GufcJhMuonf/
xkdtcsdefwGif rif;tqufquf orm;kd;us omoemjyKcJhMuaom *gr0goD
y&d,wdoifMum;a&; *kdPfrsm;ukd t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;avmuf vlBudKufrsm;[ef rwlawmhay/
tcdsKU *gr0goD q&mawmfwkdYonf uJhokdY pdwful;,Ofvrf;aMumif;ukd vkdufaeMuvQif
omoemawmfvnf; usqkH;rnf/ EkdifiHawmfvnf; epfemawmhrnf[k oabmaygufvmcJhMu
onf/
yif;,acwf a&mufaomtcg y&d,wdomoemukd jzefYa0aeaom *gr0goD
&[ef;awmfwkdYonf vufawGUusaom twwfynmrsm;ukd tajcjyKonfh ] yGJausmif;*kdPf;}
ukd xlaxmifcJhMu\/ yGJausmif;*dkPf;BuD; pnfa0wkd;wufvmaomtcg t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;rSm
wjznf;jznf; tmenf;oGm;&onf/ 15-&mpkavmufwGif t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;ac: awmausmif;
*kdPf;BuD; aysmufuG,foGm;&onf[k orkdif;okawoDwkdY cefYrSef;Muonf/
t&nf;BuD;*kdPf;BuD; aysmufuG,foGm;aomfvnf; t&nf;BuD;wkdY\ vkyf&yfrsm;ukd
qufvuf tarGcH usifhokH;aom ax&0g' trnfcH bkef;BuD;rsm;ukd qufvuf awGU&SdMu
&ygonf/
Am;rJhq&mawmf? Am;warmhq&mawmf? i&eJq&mawmf paom yk*dKvfwkdYonf
aemufacwfwGif t&nf;BuD;wkdY\ vkyf&yfrsm;ukd tarGcH ausmfMum;cJhaom yk*dKvfrsm;
jzpfayonf/
t&nf;BuD;wkdY\ pdwZa0'em tvkyfukd BudK;ukwf aqmif&GufMuaom ax&0g'
oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;0ifwkdYrSm acwftqufquf aysmufysuf&ef rvG,fvSay/ vlom;wkdY\
tawG;vGeftmkHESifh tarQmfvGef&ruf xefjyif;rIukd tajccH {uef &SdaevdrfhOD;rnf/ 20&mpk ukefvkeD;jzpfaom ,aeYtxdvnf; jrefrmEkdifiH wpfeH wpfvsm;wGif uGufwdfuGufusm;
ay:aygufvsuf wefckd;awmufaeMuqJwnf;/

yGJausmif;*kdPf;
yGJausmif;*kdPf;\ jrpfzsm;cH&m A[kdXmeum; pum; 7-ausmif; jzpfonf/ Opem
rif;onf ou&mZf 684-ckESpfwGif yif;, rif;jyK\/ Opemrif;onf yif;usm;t&yf
pum;opfjzifh ausmif;BuD; 7-aqmif aqmufvkyfonf/ ou&mZf 702-ckESpfwGif
ausmif;awmfBuD;rsm;ukd yk*Hacwfu xif&Sm;cJhaom *gr0goD*kdPf;rS rax&fwkdYtm; wifvSL
cJo
h nf/
Opemrif;onf rdr\
d ausmif;awmfBuD;rsm;ukd *gr0goD *kP
d ;f BuD; 2-ckrS rax&fwYk d
tm; wifvSLcJhonf/ yk*Hacwfu *gr0goD oHCmwkdYrSm t&Sift&[HtEG,f yk&droHCm*kdPf;
ESifh t&Sifqy'tEG,f ypmoHCm*kdfPf;[k 2-*kdPf; uGJae\/
Opemrif;onf ausmif;awmfBuD;rsm;ukd *kdPf; 2-ckvkH;rS rax&fwkdYukd yl;wGJ
wifvSLcJhonf/ *kdPf;tcsif;csif; aygif;oif; nDnGwfapcsifaomaMumifh jzpf[efwlygonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (66)

qErsdK; &SdcJhygvQif Opemrif;\ qE jynfh0onf[k qkd&ygrnf/ tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf

*gr0goD *kfdPf;uGJrsm; aysmufuG,foGm;aomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
pum; 7-ausmif;ukd tvSLcH&aom oHCmwkdYonf yk*Hacwfu uGJjym;cJhaom
*kdPf;*P pdwf"mwfukd acszsuf pnf;vkH;a&;pdwf"mwfukd arG;jrLcJhMuonf/ EkdifiHawmf
a&SUa&;twGuf vufawGUusaom twwfynmrsm;ukd yl;wGJoifMum; ay;Muonf/
pum;ausmif;u oifMum;ay;aom avmuDtwwfynmrsm;rSm "m;ckwf? vSHxkd;?
jrif;pD;? qifpD;? ppfqifrI? pufoGif;vSHxkd;? vufa0SUxkd;paom ynm&yfrsm; jzpfonf/
xkdacwfu jynfolwkdYonf avmuD avmukw&m pG,fpkHynm&yfrsm;ukd oifMum;
ay;aom *gr0goD ausmif;rsm;okdY uav;rsm;ukd tyfESH twwfynmwkdYukd oifMum;ap
cJMh uonf/ xkYdaMumifh *gr0goD ausmif;rsm;onf uav; vlBuD; rsm;pGmwkYd 0ifxu
G o
f mG ;vm&m
XmeBuD; jzpfvmonf/ okdY vl0ifvlxGuf rsm;jym;vmrIukd taMumif;jyK *gr0goD
ausmif;rsm;ukd ] yGJausmif; } [l ac:qkdvmMuonf/ aemufykdif;umvwGif yGJausmif;rsm;
wkd;yGm;vm&m yGJausmif;tzGJU0if oHCmwkdYvnf; rsm;jym;vmonf/ xkdoHCmtiftm;pk
BuD;xGm;vm&mrS ] yGJausmif;*kdPf; } [l ac:wGifxif&Sm;vmavonf/
yGJausmif;*kdPf;BuD; tiftm;BuD;xGm;vmonfhtavsmuf yGJausmif;ukd vSL'gef;Mu
aom 0wKuHajr,mrsm;vnf; tajrmuftjrm; jzpfvmonf/ yGaJ usmif;oHCmwkYd onf 0wKuH
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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (76)

ukef;abmifacwf A'kHrif;vufxuf a&mufaomtcg yGJausmif;q&mawmfwkdYukd

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a&pBufdK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (68)

xkdtcg tkH*kdPf;u tEkdif&ojzifh twif*kdPf;BuD; arS;rSdefoGm;&onf/

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g'Ak'bmom (69)

om &Sdao;onf/ xkdtcsdefu bmom0if toD;oD;wkfdY pm&if;ukd okfdY awGTUod&onf/

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (70)

c&pfEpS f 1986-ckEpS f a&mufaomtcg jrefrmEkid if H vlO;D a& 33-oef; &Sv

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (71)

ax&0g' Ak'bmom
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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (72)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (73)

EkdifiHrsm; jzpfonf/
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a&muf&SdfoGm;Muonf/
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H Ydk vnf; ul;puf ysHUESYH
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oGif;vmaom ewfrsm; jzpfayonf/

jrefrmwkdY ewfukd;uG,frI
jrefrmwkdYonf vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif; 4000 (bDpD 2000 ) cefYu jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;
okdY ra&mufvmMuao;/ xkdtcsdefu jrefrm[k ac:wGifvmrnfh vlrsdK;rsm;onf wkwfjynf
taemufajrmufa'o tajccs aeMuonf/ xkdpOfu jrefrmwkdY\ emrnfukd ] csdtJef }
( Chang ) [k ac:onf/
csdtJefvlrsdK;wkdYonf taMumif;trsdK;rsfdK;aMumifh a&TUajymif;vmcJhMu&m jrefrmEkdifiH
wGif;okdY at'D 5-&mpkavmufwGif 0ifa&mufvmcJhMuavonf/
csdtJefwkdYonf jrefrmEkdifiH ajrjyefYa'ookdY ra&mufvmrDu ewfukd;uG,frI
"avhrsm; &SdcJhonf[k orkdif;okawoDwkdYu qkdMu\/ csdtJefwkdY ukd;uG,faom ewfrsm;rSm
tdrfaxmifpkewf? v,fewf? awmif,mewf? awmewf? opfyifewfwkdY jzpfonf/ xkdYjyif
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rsm;vnf; &Sdae\/
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jyefqkfd ac:a0:cJhMuonf/
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a&pBudK t&Sif{ofdu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (74)

avhvmaomtcg tm&d,efvrl sdK;wkYd u pwifu;dk uG,v

f maMumif; awGU&S&d onf/ odMum;rif;
jzpfpOfum; okdYwnf;/
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ta&SUbufqDokdY OD;wnfvmcJhMuonf/
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ajrmufa'o&Sd ckdifbmawmifMum;vrf;rS wpfqifh jrif;&xm;rsm;jzifh 0ifa&mufvmMuonf/
xkdvlrsdK;rsm;ukd ] tm&d,ef } ( Aryan ) vlrsdL;[k ac:onf/
tm&d,efvlrsdK;wkdYonf tdEKjrpf0Srf;a'ookdY a&muf&SdvmMuNyD;aemuf a'ocH
jzpfaom '&mAD',
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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (75)

awGU&NyD/ odMum;ewfrSm vQyfppf"mwfaMumifh rkd;BudK;ypfwwfaom obm0ukd ewftjzpf

ukd;uG,fcJhMujcif; jzpfayonf/
odMum;ewf uk;d uG,rf o
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jzpfayonf/
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aom &mZ0if[mowpfyk'f jzpfyg\/

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d Ydk twGuf tusdK;jyKaeaom
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jzpfonf[k qkd\/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (76)

q&qGweD wforD; uk;d uG,rf o

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (77)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (78)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (79)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{ofdu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (80)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (81)

aom ewfkyfrsm;ukd ] tjyif 37-rif; } [k ac:aejcif; jzpfonf/

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a&pBudK t&Sif{ofdu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (82)

vnf; xkdoabmukd awGUodvm&rnf jzpfonf/

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bkd;awmf r,fawmf ukd;uG,frI

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ap? atmif? uyfausmf paom a0g[m&wkdYjzifh ac:qkdMuonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (83)

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f ek af eMuonf/ tawG;vGef

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (84)

b0ukd wrf;waeMuonf/ tacsmiform; b0ukd rufarmaeMuonf/ tvkyfESifh

tvky\
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ax&0g' Ak'b
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jzpfavonf/

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (85)

r[kwf/ &Sifr[muyuJhokdYaom rax&frsm;vnf; yg0ifaeMuonf/ xkdrax&frsm;ukfd

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(3) &Sifb'rax&fonf ta&SUork'&m a&Tjymom'fjzifh aeonf/
(4) &Siftaumom&rax&fonf ta&SUork'&m a&Tjymom'fjzifh aeonf/
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(2) &Sifr[moHom&onf Owrawmif &Sdonf/
(3) &SifOayuonf rukvawmif &Sdonf/
(4) &Sif"rom&onf rukvawmif &Sdonf/
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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (86)

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ykHrsdK;ukd xkvkyfygonf[l MuHpnf ajzqkdMujyefao;onf/
rif;0wfwefqm bk&m;ESifh ywfouf ukef;abmifacwf ynm&Sifrsm;vnf;
pdw0f ifpm;cJMh uonf/ txl;ojzifh r[mjrwfrek d yk yf mG ;awmfBuD; a&muf&v
dS mpOfu jzpfonf/
kyfyGm;awmf ykHpHESifh ywfouf rkHa&G;aZw0efq&mawmfwkdY\ ajzMum;csufwkdYukdvnf;
awGU&onf/
q&mawmfwkdY\ ajzqkdcsufrSmvnf; tar;&Sdaeom tajz&Smjyxm;jcif;
jzpfonf/ wdus aocsmaom tajzukd ray;EkdifMuay/ ay;p&m tajzvnf; r&Sd/ okawoe

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (87)

ynm&SifwkdYurl r[m,mewkdY\ aAm"dowf ewfykHukd twk,l jyKvkyfxm;aMumif;

twnfjyKxm;Muonf/ qkH;jzwfcsuft& rif;0wfkyfyGm;rsm;rSm ax&0g' Ak'bmomESifh
roufqkdifouJhokdY &Sdavawmhonf/
okdY&mwGif ,aeY jrefrmEkdifiH rukd#faqmif;? pvG,fqifjzifh toGifqef;atmif
jyKvkyfxm;aom kyfyGm;awmfrsm;ukd ukd;uG,faeMu\/ kyfyGm;rsm;ukd ukd;uG,foifhrukd;uG,foifh[laom jyemukd ta&;w,l ajymqkdvmMuonf/ tcsdKUu rukd;uG,foifh
[k qk\
d / tcsKd Uuvnf; uk;d uG,o
f ifyh gonf[k qkjd yefonf/ rdrw
d Ydk\ oabmxm; tjrifjzifh
ajymqkdaeMujcif; jzpfayonf/
udpt
wGuf qk;H jzwf&efrmS tvGecf ufcv
J o
S nf/ ruk;d uG,o
f ih[
f k qk;H jzwfvQif
,aeY jrefrmEkdifiHwGif xif&Sm;vSaom rif;0wfkyfyGm;BuD;rsm;ukd b,fvkdaqmif&GufMurnf
enf;/ b,fvkd oabmxm;Murnfenf;/
tu,f ukd;uG,foifhygonf[k qkdjyefvQifvnf; xkdkyfyGm;rsm;rSm r[m,me
*kP
d ;f rS enf;,lxm;aom kyyf mG ;rsm; jzpfaeonf/ kyyf mG ;wkYdudk uk;d uG,o
f ihv
f Qif r[m,me
Ak'bmomudkvnf; ukd;uG,foihfygonf[k qkdvkd&m a&mufraeNyDavm/
a&S;acwfu ax&0g' Ak'bmom0ifwkdY owd,Gif;cRwf rqifrjcif jyKvkyfcJhaom
aMumifh rif;0wfkyfyGm; jyemukd tajz&SmzkdY cufcJae&NyD/
rnfokdY&Sdap ax&0g' Ak'bm0ifwkdY taejzifhrl kyfyGm;awmfrsm;ukd Ak'0wfpkH
ouFef;kHjzifh xkvkyfukd;uG,fjcif;om taumif;qkH; jzpfavonf/

'udPomcgESifh tjcm;kyfyGm; ukd;uG,frI

jrefrmjynf 'udPomcg kyfyGm;awmf ukd;uG,frIvnf; acwfpm;vSonf/
kyfyGm;awmfESifh ywfoufvnf; jzpf&yfZmwfvrf;rsm; axG;,Sufaeonf/
'udPomcgqkdonfrSm jrefrmbmjzifh ] awmiftukdif; } [l t"dym,f &onf/
bDpD 3-&mpkwGif &Sifr[dEESifh oCFrdwm ax&Dr,fwkdYonf oD[kdVfokdY omoemjyK <ucJhMu
onf/ oD[kdVfuRef;om;wkdY ukd;uG,f&ef r[maAm"dyifrS vuf,mawmifukdif;ukd jzwf,l
oD[kdVfuRef; pkdufysdK;cJh\/ xkdaAm"dyifrS tom;wkdYukd kyfyGm;xkvkyf ukd;uG,f&mrS 'udP
omcgbk&m; ay:aygufvmonf qkfd\/
jrefrmEkid if w
H iG f ou&mZf 788-ckEpS f eef;wufaom rk;d ni;f rif;w&m;vufxuf
oD[kdVfuRef;rS 'udPomcg kyfyGm;awmf tqla& 300-ausmf a&muf&Sdvm&m &[ef;&Sifvl
rSL;rwfjynfolwkdY tjrwfwEkd; ukd;uG,fcJhMuonf/ xkdtcsdefrS p 'udPomcg kyfyGm;awmf
ukd;uG,frI acwfpm;vmavonf/
a&S;OD;u 'udP
omcg kyyf mG ;rsm;rSm tjcm;kyyf mG ;rsm;uJo
h Ydkyif tcsKd ;tqpf ajyjypf
pGm xkvyk cf MhJ uonf/ tjcm;kyyf mG ;rsm;ESihf jcm;em;onfrmS Mumyef;aqmif;jcif;om xl;onf/
okdY Mumyef;aqmif;aom jzpf&yfrSmrl r[m,me*kdPf;ESifh ,SufEG,faejyefonf/
r[m,meusrf;wkdY okdY a&;qkdxm;onf/
aumovrif;ESifh rvdum rdzk&m;wkdYonf bk&m;&SiftxHokdY vmMu&m bk&m;&Sif
r&SdckdufeSifh MuHKae\/ &Sifarm*vmefonf wefckd;awmfjzifh vkduf&Sm&m bk&m;&Sifonf
MumrsdK; 5-yg; zlyGifhaeonfh taemww tkdifxJ MumyGifhBuD;wpfckay:rSm psef0ifpm;
ae\/ tkid af pmifeh wfBuD; 9-OD;wkYduvnf; bk&m;&Siu
f dk MumyGix
hf ;D wpfvufpjD zifh aqmif;
rkd;ay;xm;Muonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{ofdu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (88)

jzpfpOfukd awGUjrifvmcJh&ojzifh &Sifarm*vmefonf aumovESifh rvdum

rdzk&m;wkdYtm; jyefvnf ajymjy\/ rif;ESifh rdzk&m;wkdYonf bk&m;&Sif pHjref;aeykHukfd
pdwu
f ;l jzifh MunfnKd oGm;Muonf/ yko
H PmefrsKd ;ukd kyw
f jk yKvky
f uk;d uG,v
f adk Mumif;
&Sifarm*vmeftm; avQmufxm;Muonf/ cGifhjyKcsuf &ojzifh rif;ESifh rdzk&m;wkdYonf
Mumyef;aqmif; kyfyGm;ukfd ukd;uG,fcJhMuonf[k qkdavonf/
tqkdt& 'udPomcg kyfyGm;rsm;rSm r[m,mewkdY t,ltqt& xkvkyf
ukd;uG,fcJhMuonf[k qkdEkdifjyefygonf/
aemufykdif;wGif 'udPomcg kyfyGm;ykHrsm;ukd *kdPf;q&mvkyfolwkdYu trsdK;rsdK;
pdwful; csJUxGif jyKvkyfMuonf/ kyfyGm;awmfwGif rdI 9-csuf kdufjcif;paom tpDtrHrsm;
ukd xnfhoGif;xm;Muonf/ xkdkyfyGm;awmfukd ukd;uG,fvQif vmbfaygrsm;rnf/ ta&mif;
t0,f aumif;rnf/ &mxl;wkd;rnf/ tE&m,f uif;rnf/ rD;ab;rS vGwfrnf/ od'daygif;pkH
jyD;pD;Ekdifonf ponfjzifh *kdPf;q&mwkdY\ tokH;cscH kyfyGm;wpfql jzpfvmavonf/
tqkd;&Gm;qkH; jyKvkyfcsufrSm kyfyGm;awmf\ ykHoPmef jzpfonf/ kyfyGm;ykHpHukd
yef;ykrwwfol xkvkyfouJhokdY yktkdifhaom? vnfukyfwkdaom ykHqkd;rsm;ukd xkvkyfMuonf/
Ak'bk&m;onf vuPmawmfBuD;i,f toG,foG,fwkdYjzifh jynfhpkHol jzpf tjypfajymzG,f
r&Sd/ wifhw,faom lyum,awmf &Sdygonf/ uJhokdY qkd;&Gm;aom ykHoPmef kyfyGm;wkdYukd
xkvyk f uk;d uG,af eMuonfrmS bk&m;&Si\
f MunfnKd jrwfE;dk zG,&f m kyt
f qif;ukd zsufq;D xm;
jcif;yif jzpfygawmhonf/
,aeY jrefrmEkdifiHawmfwGif Ak'&kyfyGm;awmfrsm;ukd ykHpHtrsdK;rsdK; t,ltq
toG,foG,fwkdYjzifh xkvkyf wnfxm; ukd;uG,faeMuonf/
- EIwfcrf;arT;wyfaom kyfyGm;rsm; ?
- rsufrSefwyfaom kyfyGm;rsm; ?
- rSJYwyfaom kyfyGm;rsm; ?
- ezl; tzkwyfaom kyfyGm;rsm; ?
- vufpGyf0wfaom kyfyGm;rsm; ?
- a>rywfaom kyfyGm;rsm; ?
- qifpD; jrif;&H kyfyGm;rsm;ponfjzifh trsdK;rsdK; jyKvkyfaeMuonf/
tcsdKU kyfyGm;rsm;rSm rlvwifysOfacG kyfyGm;\ 'l;ESpfzufESifh yckH;ESpfzufay:
rwf&yfkyfyGm;av;rsm;ukd xnfhoGif; xkvkyfxm;onfukd awGU&onf/ yvyfpwpfjzifh
avmif;xm;aom kyfyGm;jzpfonf/ xkdkyfyGm;ukd Munfh qyfuyfjyaeovm;[k xifrSm;
avmufatmif tkyfqkd; tusnf;wefaeygonf/
tcsdKU bk&m;&ifjyifay: vlBudKufrsm;aom bkd;bkd;atmif? bkd;rif;acgifpaom
bkd;awmfqkdol pdwZkyfaumifwkdYukd jyKvkyfxm;&m Ak'bmomtwGuf &SufzG,faumif;aom
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; jzpfayonf/
,ck azmfjycJah om taMumif;&yfrsm;rSm ax&0g' a&maESmaeonfh uk;d uG,rf rI sm;
xJrS xif&mS ;aom uk;d uG,rf rI sm; jzpfygonf/ rxifr&Sm;jzifh uk;d pm;aeMuaom tao;trTm;
udprsm;vnf; tajrmuftjrm; &Sdaeacsao;\/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (89)

tcef; (2)

ax&0g' a&maESmaom ,kHMunfrIrsm;

jrefrmEkdfifiHonf ax&0g' Ak'bmomw&m;awmfukd vufcH,HkMunfaeaom EkdifiH
jzpfonf/ ax&0g' w&m;awmfonf vlom;wkdYtwGuf &oifh &xkdufaom vufawGU
a'oemwkdYukd azmfjyonf/ rjzpfEkdifaom? r&Ekdifaom pdwful;,Of t,ltqwkdYukd razmfjy
ay/ Ak'bk&m;uvnf; pdwful;,Ofw&m;oabmukd a[mMum;jcif; r&Sday/
jrefrmwkdYonf Ak'a'oem ryg&Sdaom pdwful;,Of tawG;jzifh MuHqjyKvkyfxm;
aom pmaywkdYukdvnf; zwfIchJMuonf/ vufcH ,kHMunfolwkdYvnf; &Sdonf/ xkdpmayrsm;
rSmvnf; trsm;tm;jzifh tdEd,rSyif o,faqmifvmcJhMuonf/
jrefrmwkYd onf acwfO;D ykid ;f uyif tdE,
d Ekid if EH iS hf qufo,
G rf cd MhJ uonf/ tdE,
d wkYd
txHrS enf;ynmrsm;pGmukd &,lcJhMuonf/ jrefrmrif;pOfwpfavQmufwGif tdEd,ESifh
tquftoG,f rjywfcJhMu/ tdEd, ,Ofaus;rIwkdYukd jrefrmrI jyKaecJhMuonf/
bkd;awmf A'kHrif;vufxufwGif tdEd,okdY vlvTwf jrefrmjynf r&Sdao;aom
pmaywkdYukd o,faqmifapcJh\/ &&Sdvmaom pmaywkdYukd jrefrmbmomjzifh jyefqkdapcJhonf/
okdYaom enf;rsm;jzifh tEd,usifh0wfrsm;? twwfrsm;? ,kHMunfrIrsm;onf jrefrmwkdYxH
ul;pufcMhJ uonf/
a&S;acwfu jrefrmwkdYonf ]] tdEd,u pm rSefwmawGcsnf; }} [k oabmxm;um
vufcHcJhMuonf/ tdEd,u pdwful;,Of ,kHMunfrIrsm;ukd ] avmuDt,l } [kqkdum u@
cGJ ,kHMunfMuonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHokdY tdEd,u o,faqmifvmaom jAKwfpAsif;awmif;
,kHMunfrI taygif;rSmvnf; axmifaomif;ru &Sdavonf/

*Em&Dtwwf ,kHMunfrI
tdE,
d uvmaom ,kMH unfrrI sm;xJwiG f xl;jcm;qef;Mu,fonfh b0rsKd ;ukd arQmv
f ifh
&mrS ay:aygufvmaom *Em&Dvrf;ac: ,kHMunfrIvnf; yg0ifayonf/
*Em&Dtwwf qkdonfrSm tdEd,EkdifiH *Em&wkdif;rS ay:aygufvmaom twwfukd
qkdvkdonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh *Em&rnfaom &aohonf jyKpD&ifxm;aom twwfukd qkd
ayonf/ *Em&Dvrf;aMumif;wGif - plV*Em&Dvrff; ?
- r[m*Em&Dvrf; [l cGJjcm;xm;\/
plV*Em&Dvrf;qkdonfrSm zkwfBuD; 40? ua0 99? ukrPf? ,u? *EA paom
ewfwkdYukd tpGJjyK pD&ifxm;aom tif; tkdif rEef cvSnfh vufzGJUponfwkdYukd wwfuRrf;ol
arSmfq&m? ya,m*q&m? atmufvrf;q&m ponfwkdYukd ac:onf/
r[m*Em&Dvrf; qkdonfrSm ol&wDr,fawmfrS p a'0D 21-yg;? ewfrif;BuD;
5-yg;? avmuygvewfrsdK; 4-yg;? bkd;awmfodMum;rS p txufewfrsm;jzifh aqmif&Guf&
aom twwfukd qkdvkdonf/ vuf,mwE&*kdPf;ESifh oabmwlonf/
*Em&Dvrf;\ t"duvkdtyfcsufrSm 0dZmjzpfaa&;yif jzpfonf/ 0dZmb0okdY

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (90)

a&mufvQif od'dwefckd; trsdK;rsdK; NyD;pD;onf[k ,kHMunfMuonf/ ,if;wkdY\ pmayrsm;

od'd 10-rsdK;ukd jyqkdxm;onf/
(1) pdEmr,d'd
= pdwfMuH&m jzpfapEkdifjcif; ?
(2) O'uod'd
= a&jyifay: vrf;avQmufEkdifjcif; ?
(3) yx0Dod'd
= ajrukdvQdK;Ekdifjcif;? ajraMum IHUEkdifjcif; ?
(4) "eod'd
= a&T aiG &wem vkd&m&Ekdifjcif; ?
(5) tm,kod'd
= touf&Snf t&G,fEkysdKpGm aeEkdifjcif; ?
(6) tmumood'd = aumif;uifc&D;jzifh oGm;vmEkdifjcif; ?
(7) tma&m*sod'd = tema&m*g uif;jcif; ?
(8) um,od'd
= "m; vSH aoewf rxdEkdifjcif; ?
(9) yd,od'd
= ow0gtm;vkH;wkdYu cspfcifjcif; ?
(10) 'dod'd
= wefckd;jzifh trsdK;rsdK; zefqif;Ekdifjcif; ?
azmfjyyg od'dqkdonfrsm;rSm vlom;wkdYtwGuf xljcm;vSaom rufvkH;rsm; jzpf&m
0dZmb0 &&Sda&;ukd &rufBuD;pGm arQmfvifhMuukef\/ arQmfvifhonfhtwkdif; 0dZmjzpfa&;
vrf;pOfukd &SmazGusifhokH;Muonf/ 0dZmjzpfa&;vrf;;pOfukd ,if;wkdY\ pmayrsm; awGY&Sd&\/
0dZmjzpfolwkdYrSm atmufyg 4-rsdK;ukd usifhokH; &&SdMuonfqkd\/
(1) jy'g;0dZm
= jy'g;&SifvkH;jzifh pD&ifol ?
(2) aq;0dZm
= aq;jzifh od'dNyD;ol ?
(3) oH0dZm
= oHaovkH;jzifh pD&ifol ?
(4) tif;0dZm
= tif; rEefponfjzifh od'dNyD;ol ?
azmfjyyg 4-rsdK;ukd 0dZm 4-rsdK;[k ac:Muonf/ 0dZm ukd jrefrmwkYd u aZmf*sD[v
k nf;
ac:\/ aZmf*sD\ rlvyk'frSm a,m*Djzpfonf/ a,m*Dukd a*sm*sD? aZmf*sD[l ajymif;
vJac:qkdvmMuonf/
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txnfpukd yefcsmyD ukvm;0wfpkHoPmef csKyf 0wfqifNyD;vQif aq;awmifa0S;ac: wkwf
acsmif;ukd ukdifaqmifxm;onfh aZmf*sDykHrsm;ukd jrefrmjynf tESHYtjym; awGUjrifEkdifavonf/
xkdyk*dK vfrsdK;ukd xGuf&yfaygufyk*dK vf[kvnf; ac:Mujyefonf/ xGuf&yfayguf yk*dK vfwkdYrSm
taoxGufyk*dKvf? t&SifxGufyk*dKvf[k2-rsdK; &Sdonf/
taoxGufyk*dKvfrSm aovGefNyD;aemuf xGuf&yfaygufoGm;onf[k ,kHMunfMu
onf/ t&SifxGufyk*v
d frSm toufraobJ vlrjrif&aom cEmukd,ftjzpf ajymif;vJoGm;NyD;
ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm touf&Sifvsuf w&m"rukd usifhMuHaeonf[k ,kHMunfMuonf/
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif xGuf&yfaygufyk*dKvf vkyfoGm;aom olwkdY&Sdonf/ xkdyk*dKvfrsm;onf
t&SifxGufonf[kum; rMum;zl;ay/ tm;vkH;rSmrl trsm;enf;wl aoqkH;Mu&avonf/
uJo
h Ydk 0dZm b0? aZmf*sDb0? od'&d iS x
f u
G &f yfaygufb0 ponfwYdk rmS vlUavmu
wu,fwrf; jzpfEidk af om b0rsKd ; r[kwaf y/ MuHMuHzefzef pdwu
f ;l Pfjzifh MuHqxm;aom
b0rsKd ;om jzpfonf/ pdwu
f ;l ,Of b0rsK;d ukd &vdrEhf ;dk jzifh arQmu
f ;dk vkyu
f idk af eolrsm;vnf;
&So
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d nf/ xkyd *k Kd vfrsm;onf tdrrf ufxu
J &wemxkyu
f dk
vkdufvH&SmazGaeolrsm; jzpfayonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (91)

aA'if ,kHMunfrI
ax&0g' Ak'b
momESihf a&maESmaom ,kMH unfrrI sm;xJwiG f aA'if,MHk unfrv
I nf;
tygt0if jzpfonf/ aA'if,kHMunfrIonf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;okdY oa&acw&macwfuyif
a&muf&SdaeNyD/ aA'ifusrf;rsm;ukd tdEd,wkdif;om; jA[Pbmom0if ykPm;rsm; o,f
aqmifvm&mrS jrefrmwkdY tarGMuonf/
jrefrmrif;rsm; vufxufwiG f aA'ifvu
dk pf m;ol aygrsm;vSonf/ aA'ifvu
dk pf m;ol
rsm;wGif ax&0g' &[ef;awmfrsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/ &[ef;wkdYonf aA'ifa[m
rpm;aomfvnf; aA'iftwwfukd avmuDa&;&m odrSwfp&m twwfwpfck taejzifh
avhvmvkdufpm;cJhMuonf/
Ak'bk&m;u aA'ifa[mjcif;paom ta[mtajymtvkyfrsdK;ukd rjyKvkyf&ef
wm;jrpfxm;onf/ okdYaomfvnf; tcsdKU&[ef;wkdYrSm 0denf;a'oemawmfukd rsufuG,fjyK
aA'ifa[mum vmbf&SmMuonf/ "rapwDrif;vufxufwGif aA'ifbkef;BuD;rsm;ukd
omoemawmf rxm;&ef ta&;,laqmif&GufcJhzl;onf/
aA'ifusrf;rsm;onf Ak'bk&m; ryGifhrD bDpD 1500-ESifh 1000-Mum;uyif ay:
aygufcJhaom usrf;rsm;jzpfonf/ tm&d,efvlrsdK;wkdYonf q&qGwDjrpfnma'o aepOfu
jyKpkxm;aom usrf;rsm;jzpfonf/ rlvu aA'ifusrf;trsdK;tpm; 3-ykH &So
d nf/ aemufyidk ;f wGif
4-ykH jzpfvmonf/ aA'if 4-ykHrSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf/
(1) kaA'if/ / aeMuwf? vMuwf? euwfwm&mwkdYukd Munfh ab;Oy'ftE&m,f
jzpfwwf ysufwwfykHukd jyaomusrf; ?
(2) ,ZkaA'if/ / rdrdwkdYtay: a&mufqJ a&mufvwHUab;&efrsm;rS vGwfuif;
aysmufajy&ef N*dK[feuwfwkdYukd ylaZmfaomenf;? ,MwmjyKenf;ukd jyqkd&musrf;?
(3) omraA'if/ / ae vwkfdY oGm;&m vrf;ukd 12-&moDcGifjyK rnfonfh&moDcGif
rnfonfhN*dK[f &yfwefYaeonfukd MunfhNyD;vQif tHom? vdwm? Mwif;? e0if;ponf
jzifh a0zefvsuf aumif; raumif;ukd a[m&musrf; ?
(4) tmxAPaA'if/ / tmxA&aoh pD&ifojzifh xkdtrnfukd &&Sdjcif; jzpfonf/
rD;xGef;jcif;? rEefpkyfjcif; paom wpfyg;olwkdY ysufpD;&ef tpDt&ifukd jyqkfd&musrf;?
aA'if 3-ykHukd t|u&aohpaom &aoh 10-OD;wkdYu jyKpD&ifxm;onf[k
Ak'yd#uwfawmfESifh ygVdtbd"mefusrf;wkdYh azmfjyxm;\/ &aohwkdY pD&ifxm;aom aA'if
usrf;rsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh a&S;acwfvlwkdY ,kHMunfrIukd tajccH a&;om;xm;aom pdwZ
a0'em rSwfwrf;pmrsm;omvQif jzpfayonf/
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tvkyf&Smum avhvmjyKpkxm;aom pmayrsm; jzpfacsonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (92)

okdY qkdvkdufojzifh &aohwkdY\ usrf;pmrsm;ukd apmfum;onf[l rrSwf,loifh

ay/ &aohwkdY\ b0jzpfpOfukd avhvmaomtcg pum;ukd oabmaygufvmayvddrfh
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xGuf&rnf/ ( qHyifjzLjcif;? tom;ta& wGefYjcif;? ajr;&aomtcgukd qkdonf/)
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usifhMuHae&rnf/
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xkd"avhrS azmfxkwfay;aom Zmwfaumifrsm; jzpfayonf/

&aohwkdY pdwfajz&m usrf;pmrsm;

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (93)

ae vwkdY Muwfjcif;ukd a&;BuD;cGifus,f vkyf a[mudef;rsm; jyKvkyfxm;&m tvGefaMumuf

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (94)

Pm jzpfonf[k trSefukd rjrifEkdifMuay/

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edrfhusjcif;? EkdifiH\ qkwfepfjcif;ukd jzpfapavonf/

e*g;ukd;uG,frI vufusef ,kHMunfrI

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (95)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (96)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (97)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (98)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (99)

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (100)

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ay;aom yk*Kd vftwGuf 199-usyf tjrwf&oGm;NyD/ wpfusyft&if;jzifh 199-usyf jrwfaom
tvkyfrSm b,fzufpyf ukrPDvkyfief;rS r&Sdacs/
vlwkdYonf b0ESifh b0cHpm;rItwGuf tmom&rufjyif;pGm vkyfukdifaeMuonf/
tmom&ruftwGuf ukd;uG,f&mukd &SmazGqnf;uyfaeMuonf/ ,kHMunfp&mukd &SmazG
vufcHaeMuonf/ ,kwd&Sd r&Sdukd todPfjzifh tjrifrSef r&EkdifcJhMuay/
uJhokdY ,kwdfrJh ukd;uG,frIESifh ,kHMunfrIrsm;ukd ax&0g'u jiif;y,fxm;\/
ax&0g'tjrifESifh qefYusifonfh ,kwdrJh tawG;tjrifwkdYukd ax&0g' Ak'a'oemawmf
vm pum;&yfwkdYjzifh ,SOfuyf okH;oyfMuygOD;pkdY/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (101)

tcef; (3)

ax&0g'ESifh jyify,kHMunfukd;uG,frI

tavmif;awmf od'wrif;om;onf rZdry#dy'gvrf;pOfukd usifhokH;vsuf w&m;

rSefukd &SmazGcJh&m r[mou&mZf 103-ck? uqkefvjynfh? Ak'[l;aeYwGif opmav;yg;ukd
odjrif bk&m;tjzpfokdY a&muf&SdcJhonf/
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hJ nf/ xkt
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usif&Sd vlwkdY\ ukd;uG,faerIrsm;? ,kHMunfaerIrsm;rSm rdrd jrifodaom w&m;"rESifh jcm;em;
vSayonf/
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ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI "avhrsm;rSm tdEd,wpfcGif wGifus,faeNyD/ ,if;tiftm;pkBuD;u BuD;
pkd;aecJhNyD/
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f nf vlwYdk\ ,kMH unfu;dk uG,rf I "avhrsm;ukd ok;H oyfvsuf ]] avmu
BuD;[m ysufpD;aeyguvm; ?}}[k nnf;wGm;rdonf/ rdrd odjrifaom w&m;"rwkdYukd
a[mjyvkdpdwf wkefYaES;oGm;&onf/
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ywf0ef;usif &Sdaom ukd;uG,frI trSm;rsm;? ,kHMunfrI tvGJtrsm;ukd axmufjyonf/
rSefuefaom opmvrf;aMumif;ay:okdY a&mufatmif ykdYaqmifay;avonf/

jyifyukd;uG,frI awmfvSefa&;
Ak'bk&m; yGifhay:vmcsdefwGif tdEd,a'o a'o a&SUwef;a&mufaeaom 0g'
rSm tw0g' jzpfonf/ [dEL jAm[P0g't& tww&m;rSm jA[mBuD;u zefqif;ay;xm;
aom t&m[k vufcHaeMu\/ jA[mBuD;onf txufaumif;uif wpfae&m &Sdonf/
rtkd rao tNrJaeaom yk*Kd vfvnf; jzpfonf/ urmavmuBuD;ESihf ouf&o
dS w0g rSeo
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twuav;ukd zefqif;ay;xm;onf/ xkdtwuav;onf cEmukd,fxJrSm tNrJ&SdaeNyD;
kyfcEmysufpD; oGm;aomtcg tjcm; kyfcEmxJokdY ul;ajymif;oGm;avonf/
twuav;onf rlvzefqif;&Sijf zpfaom jA[mBuD;ESihf jyefvnfaygifpnf;&ef
twGuf ylaZmfyorI? 0wfjyK ukd;uG,frIrsm; jyKvkyf&onf/ t,ltqjzifh jA[mukd;uG,frI
0g' xGef;um;aeavonf/
Ak'bk&m;&Sifonf vlom;\ cEm tww&m;[l r&SdaMumif;? tww&m;
qkdonfrSm b,frSmrS r&SdEkdifaMumif; a&S;OD;a'oemjzifh tw0g'ukd acszsufa[mMum;awmf

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (102)

rlonf/ tw0g'ukd awmfvSefaom tew0g'a'oemonf Ak'bk&m;&Sif\ yGJOD;xGufw&m;

awmf jzpfavonf/
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dk nf; awGYjrifMu&onf/ uk;d uG,rf rI sm;rSmvnf; a&Sa[mif;
vlwkdY pdwful;jzifh MuHpnfxm;aom obm0ukd;uG,frIbmom ( Nature Worship ) ukdyif
tajccHaeavonf/
bDpD 3000-cefYu '&mAD'D,efvlrsdK;wkdYu pwifcJhaom opfyif awm awmif
paom ukd;uG,frIrsm;vnf; Ak'bk&m; yGifhonftxd &Sdaeonf/ Ak'bk&m;onf t*Fwkdif;ESifh
r*"wkdif;wkdY tMum;okdY a&muf&SdoGm;\/ xkdtcsdefwGif t*dd'wac:aom &aohwpfOD;u
olUwynfhwkdYtm; opfyif awm awmif ponfwkdYukd ukd;uG,fMu&ef qkH;rae\/
Ak'bk&m;&Sifonf t*d'w\ ukd;uG,frI tqkH;trukd okdY acszsufa[mMum;awmfrlonf/
]] ab;ukd xdwfvefYaom olwkdYonf awm awmif opfyifwkdYukd ukd;uG,f&m[l
qnf;uyfMuukef\/ xkd awm awmif opfyifwkdYukd ukd;uG,fjcif;onf ab;uif;aom
uk;d uG,&f m r[kwaf y/ ud;k uG,rf w
I Ydkonf jrwfaom uk;d uG,rf v
I nf; r[kw/f bk&m;?
w&m;? oHCm &wemokH;yg;omvQif ukd;uG,fqnf;uyftyf\/ &wemokH;yg;ukd
ukd;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif;onfomvQif ab;uif;aom qnf;uyfrI jzpfonf/ jrwfaom
ukd;uG,frI jzpfonf/ }}
xkYd aemuf Ak'b
&k m;onf opmav;yg; w&m;ukd qufvuf a[mMum;&m t*d' w
&aohESifh wynfhwpfaomif;wkdY &[Em jzpfcJhMuonf/
yg&SefvlrsdK;wkdY\ Zdkkd;tufpwm;bmomonf rD;ukd txGwftjrwfxm;aom 0g'
jzpfonf/ xkd0g'rsdK;onf tdEd,EkdifiHvnf; xGef;um;ae\/
Ak'bk&m;onf a0VK0efausmif; aeawmfrlpOf &Sifom&dykw&m\ wlawmfol
ykPm ;wpfa,mufonf rD;ewfudk vkyaf uR; ylaZmfaeol jzpfonf/ bk&m;&Sio
f nf xkyd P
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rSmrl 0dyem Pftjrif&Sdaom &[ef;ukd cPrQ ylaZmf\/ xkdyk*dKvf ESpfOD;wkdYwGif
Pftjrif&adS om yk*Kd vftm; ylaZmfjcif;onf jrwf\/ rD;ukd tESpw
f pf&m ylaZmfjcif;jzifh
tusdK;r&Sd/ }}
t*da'0ac: rD;ewfylaZmfrIonf orkdif;OD;u ukd;uG,frI"avhwpfck jzpfonf/
uk;d uG,rf rI sm;rSm bmrQ tusdK;r&Sad Mumif; Zmwfa[mif;rsm;vnf; a[mMum;jyocJo
h nf/

e*kF| Zmwffawmf
vGeaf vNyD;aomtcg Am&mPoDjynf jA['wfrif;onf rif;jyKvwfaomf bk&m;
tavmif;onf O'dpy kPm;rsdK; jzpf\/ rdbwkdYonf bk&m;avmif; arG;aomaeYrS p rD;ukd
odrf;qnf;xm;Muonf/ xkdrD;ukd rjidrf;raysmufatmif apmifh&Smufxm;Muavonf/
bk&m;avmif; 16-ESpft&G,f a&mufaomtcg rdbwdkYu ]] cspfom;? oifarG;zGm;
aom aeYuyif 'DrD;ukd arG; xdef;odrf; apmifha&SmufcJh&onf? tu,f tdrfrSm aevkdvQif
aA'ifo;Hk yku
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dk Qifvnf; 'Dr;D ukd ,lNyD; awmuko
d mG ;yg? rD;ewfudk
vkyfauR;NyD; jA[mBuD;ukd ESpfoufatmif aqmif&Gufaeygawmh? }} [k ajymMuonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (103)

bk&m;avmif;onf tdrfaevlom;tjzpf raevkdaomaMumifh rdrdtwGuf

arG;,lxm;aom rD;ukd ,l awm0emokdY xGufcGmvmchJonf/ awm0em ae rdD;ukd
rjidrf;atmif xdef;odrf;NyD; rD;ewfukdyif vkyfauR;aecJhonf/
wpfaeYaomf ypE&mZf&Gmu EGm;wpfaumifukd tvSLcH &&Sdonf/ bk&m;avmif;
onf rdrd&aom EGm;ukd rD;ewftm; ylaZmfyovkd\/ okdYaomfvnf; awmxJrSm jzpf qm;u
r&S/d qm;rygaom [if;vsmukd rD;ewfociftm; qufovQif auseyfrnf r[kw/f xkYd aMumifh
qm;&&Sd&ef &GmqDokdY xGufvmcJhonf/
bk&m;avmif; r&SdcsdefwGif rkqkd;wpfokduf a&muf&SdvmNyD;aemuf EGm;ukd awGU
owfpm;oGm;Muonf/ tNrD;ESifh tkd;ta&wkdYukdrl xkdae&mrSmyif ypfcsoGm;Muonf/
bk&m;avmif;ykPm; jyefvmaomtcg EGm;ukd rawGU&awmh/ tNrD;ESifh tkd;ta&
wkYd uo
dk m awGU&awmhonf/ bk&m;avmif;onf rdrd xde;f odr;f apmifah &SmufcahJ om rD;ewfa'0g
ukd Munfh todrSef &oGm;onf/
]] bkef;&Sdaom rD;ewfrif;[m ukdpm;&rnfh Opmukdyif rapmifha&SmufEkdifbl;?
ightwGufqkdvQif b,frSm apmifha&SmufEkdifygrnfenf;? 'DrD;ukd qufvuf vkyfauR;ae
tusdK;r&SdEkdifbl;? }} [k todrSef &oGm;onf/ xkdYaMumifh ]] tkd- rD;ewf&Sif? oif[m ukd,hf
Opmukdyif apmifha&SmufEkdifol r[kwfyg? ,ckcsdefrSm trJvnf; r&Sdawmhyg? oifESifh xkdufwef
onfh 'Dta&ESifh tNrD;wkdukdom pm;&pfayawmh? }} [k qkdum tNrD;ESifh tykdif;tpwkdYukd
ypfcsNyD;vQif xGufcGmoGm;avawmhonf/
Ak'bk&m;&Sifonf opfyif awm awmif paom obm0w&m;wkdYukd ukd;uG,f
aejcif;jzifh tusdK;r&SdEkdifaMumif; xkH;a[mif;oufaorsm;jzifh a[mMum;jyocJhygonf/
okdYaomfvnf; vlwkdYonf ,aeYxufwkdif opfyif awm awmifponfwkdYukd
ewftoGif rSwfxifvsuf ukd;uG,f qnf;uyfaeMuao;onf/
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif &SifBuD;yifac:aom opfyifrsm;rSm opfyifukd;uG,frIukd
tajccHaeaom ,kMH unfrI jzpfayonf/ jrefrmwkYd \ aus;&Gmrsm; &SiBf uD;yifac:aom opfyif
rsdK;pHu
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Muonf/ tnGefYtwufukdyif rcl;0HhMu/ tcsdKUurl oajyyef;ESifh a&csrf;rsm;ukdyif uyf
ylaZmfaeMuao;onf/ xked wfopfyifwYdk\ Zmwfvrf;rsm;vnf; cyfqef;qef; &Sad ewwfonf/
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif opfyifukdomr[kwf/ awmukdvnf; aMumuf&GHUaeMuonf/
awmifay:vnf; ewfwifxm;Muonf/ ykym;awmifqkdvQif a&S;acwfuyif ewfawmif
[l xifay:vmcJhonf/ rif;r[m*D&dac: ewfBuD;u tkyfpkd;aecJhonf/ aemufykdif;wGif
eD*&pfwkdrsdK;EG,f ewfr r,f0Pu acwfpm;vmojzifh r[m*D&dewfBuD; wefckd;rSefoGm;\/
,cktcsdefwGif ykym;awmifxdyf ewfkyfwkaygif;pkHukd xkvkyfwifxm;Mu&m ewfjywkdufBuD;
tvm; xif&Sm;aeavonf/
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uk,
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&Gmem;&Sd opfyifrsm;om jzpfonf/ vlESifh a0;&m awmBuD;xJrl ewfopfyif[l r&Sd/
ewfukdifp&mvnf; r&Sd/ ewf&Sd ewfukdifrnfqkdvQif opfxkwfvkyfa&; 0efxrf;wkdYtwGuf

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (104)

cuf&acsawmhrnf/

ax&0g' tjrifESifh u,fwif&Sif

ax&0g' a'oemtpOf u,fwif&Sif[l r&Sd/ u,fwifay;Ekdifol[lvnf;
r&Sad y/ Ak'b
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] vrf;nTefol } omjzpfavonf/
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f ]] cspfom;wkdY? oifwkdY vGwfajrmufrItwGuf oifwkdYukd,fwkdif BudK;pm; tm;xkwf
tyf\? bk&m;&SifwkdYrnfonf vrf;nTef a[mjykHom a[mjyawmfrlEkdifMuukef\?}} [k
"ry'a'oem twdtvif; a[mjyxm;\/
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tjcm;wpfyg;ukd tm;rukd;MubJ w&m;ukdom rSDckdMuvsuf? w&m;ukdom tm;xm;Muvsuf
tjcm;wpfyg;ukd tm;rxm;bJ aeMuukefavmh? }} [k a[mMum;awmfrlcJhonf/
Ak'bk&m;u vlom;wpfOD;\ b0ukd w&m;"rjzifhom aexkdifMu&ef a[mMum;cJh
onf/ vlwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\ b0ukd rdrdwkdY ukd,fwkdifom zefwD;onf/ ukd,fhuH ukd,fjyK
ukd,fhtrI ukd,faqmifMu&onf/ rdrdb0twGuf aumif;rI qkd;rIwkdYukd rdrdukd,fwkdifomvQif
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a[mMum;jyo\/ raumif;rIukd a&Smif aumif;rIukd aqmif&efvnf; nTefMum;onf/
aumif;rIukd vkyfaomolonf aumif;aom tusdK;qufukd jzpfap\/ raumif;rI
ukd vkyaf omolonf raumif;aom tusdK;qufudk jzpfap\/ okYd vQif ure,
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okdYygvsuf vltcsdKUwkdYonf rdrdb0twGuf u,fwif&Sifukd &SmrSD;ukd;uG,faeMu
onf/ rjrif&aom? rjrifzl;aom? Mum;zl;em;0&Sdaom ewfa'0wmwkdY\ ulnDrprIukd
tawG;pdwZjzifh awmifhwaeMu\/ awmif;cHaeMu\/
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r p rIukd arQmfvifhaeMuonf/ "mwfyGifhatmif? pef;yGifhatmif awmif;qkdaeMuonf/
aumif;rIr*Fvm tjzmjzmESifh jynfhpkHygapaMumif; &Sdckd;OD;wif awmif;qkyefqifaeMu
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wdrf;apmif;oGm;atmif b,fyk*dKvfurSS &Gufaqmifray;Ekdifay/ qkawmif;ay;vnf; r&/
oabmw&m;ukd Ak'bk&m;&Sifuvnf; a[mMum;cJhygonf/
Ak'b
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wpfa,mufu avQmufxm;cJhzl;onf/
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a&mufatmif vkyfay;EkdifonfvkdY qkdygonf? t&Sifbk&m;aum vkyfay;Ekdifygovm;? }}
]] &GmolBuD;? ausmufwkH;BuD; wpfwkH;ukd a&xJ ypfcsvkdufNyD;aemuf vlawGu
0kdif;NyD; ] tkd ausmufwkH;BuD;? a&ay:rSm ay:ygavmh? ukef;ay:okdY wufcJhygavmh? } vkdY
tBudrBf udrf awmif;qkv
d Qif ausmufw;Hk BuD; ay:vmygrnfvm;? uke;f ay:wufvmygrnfvm;?}}

a&pBudK t&Sif{ofdu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (105)

]] ray:vmEkdifyg? rwufvmEkdifygbk&m;? }}
]] &GmolBuD;? axmywftkd;wpfvkH;ukd a&xJrSm cGJvkdufrnfqkfdvQif tkdjcrf;uGJawGu
a&xJrSm jrKyfNyD; axmywfawGu a&ay:rSm ay:aevdrfhrnf? 'DtcgrSm vlawGu 0kdif;NyD;
]axmywfawG a&atmuf epfjrKyfygap? } vkdY qkawmif;MuvQif jrKyfoGm;ygrnfvm;? }}
]] rjrKyfEkdifygbk&m;? }}
]] &GmolBuD;? 'DOyrmvkdyJ? ukokdvfaumif;rI rvkyfbJ raumif;rIawGukd vkyfaeNyD
qkdvQif aumif;&mb0 a&mufygapvkdY b,fvkdyif qkawmif;aomfvnf; r&Ekdifbl;?
aumif;rIawG vkyfaeolukdvnf; raumif;onfhb0 cH&ygapqkdvkdY r&bl;? aumif;rI
tusdK;twkdif; aumif;aomb0ukd &&Sdrnfomwnf;? }}
a'oemawmfukd MunfhvQif vlom;wpfOD;twGuf tjcm;olu u,fwif
r&EkdifaMumif;? qkawmif;vnf; r&EkdifaMumif;? olwpfyg;u qkawmif;ay;vnf; r&Ekdif
aMumif;? rdrdb0ukd rdrdomvQif zefwD;EkdifaMumif;? rdrdukd,fukdomvQif rdrdu,fwif&Sifjzpf
aMumif; a&jyifrSm avS,mOfoGm;ovkd xif&Sm;avNyD/

ax&0g'ESifh twdwfedrdwf ,kHMunfrI

Ak'bk&m;&Sif yGifhawmfrlaom acwf tdEd,EkdifiHwGif twdwfpGJ edrdwfpGJpaom
t,ltqrsm;vnf; rsm;jym;vS\/ twdwfaumif; edrdwfaumif;ESifh awGUBuKHrS r*Fvmjzpf
onf/ raumif;vQif tr*Fvmjzpfonf[k vufcH ,kHMunfaeMu\/ t,ltqukd
avmuDr*Fvm[k ac:Muonf/ twdwf edrdwfpGJvnf; 3-rsdK;&Sdonf/
(1) 'd| r*Fvmm/ / tjrifedrdwfukd pGJjhzpfaom r*Fvmukd ac:onf/ eHeuf tdyf,m
rS xvQif ysHvTm;iSuf? rkd;pmiSuf? ukd,f0efaqmif? tysdK vlysdK? tmZmenfjrif;? EGm;
vm;Oob ponfukd jrifvQif edrdwfaumif;onf[k ,lqMu\/ olawmif;pm;
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ajrmuf aysmf&TifzG,f toHaumif; tqkdaumif;ukd Mum;&vQif twdwfedrdwfaumif;
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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (106)

awmif;,l&ef &ufcsdef;ay; owfrSwfcJhMuonf/ trsdK;orD;\ rdbwkdYuvnf; oabmwl

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aumif;aom &ufr[kwfaMumif; ajymonf/
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<uufukdufxm;aMumif; od&Sd&onf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&g' Ak'bmom (107)

ykPm;onf <uufukdufaom t0wfwkdYukd Munfh ]] <uufukdufonfh t0wfukd

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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (108)

wpfa,muf &Sdonf/ yef;yJq&mwkdYonf oefvsufukd jyKvkyf bk&ifhxH qufaomtcg

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kdrl b,ftwdwfedrdwfrS
jycJh[ef rwlacs/

ax&0g' Ak'bmom rlig;&yf

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Ak'bmom0if[l rqkdEkdifao;acs/
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apmifhxdef;ol jzpf&ygrnf/
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rIrsm;ukd r,kHMunf&[k qkdvkdonf/

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (109)

(5) omoemawmfrS tyjzpfaom ukd;uG,frIrsm;? omoemhjyifyrS tvSLcHyk*dK vfwkdYukd

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taemufbufvGefrif;w&m;onf vlwkdYukd vdrfnmaeaom ewfwkdYukd ESdyfuGyf
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a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (110)

? rl;,pfrdIif;a0? taxGaxGvQif? vlUajrewf&Gm? ewfrdpmukd? u,fomxifrSwf?

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tvkyf0g'jzifh BudK;pm;tm;xkwftyf\/ trdAk'bmomukd ausmf a'G;awmfvGrf;aom
,kHMunfukd;uG,frIrsm;ukd a&Smif&Sm;tyfukef\/
]] tkd- ax&0g' Ak'bmom0if olawmfpifwkdY? ,aeYrSp- pdwZtawG;"mwfjzifh qnf;uyfaerIrsm; ?
- ,kwdrJhpepfjzifh ,kHMunfaerIrsm;ukd oifwYdk \ pdwt
f mkrH S z,fxw
k Mf uukeaf vmh/ ax&0g' Ak'b
mom*kPaf qmif xGe;f ajymif
aom yk*dKvfrsm;jzpfatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMuygukefavmh/ }}

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ax&0g' Ak'bmom (111)

ed*kH;
wGif ] ax&0g' Ak'bmom } pmtkyfukd ed*kH;csKyf&ygawmhrnf/ pmtkyfwGif
ax&0g' Ak'bmomESifh ax&0g' Ak'bmom a&maESmaeaom ukd;uG,frI tvDvD?
,kHMunffrI t00wkdYukd rD;armif;xkd; jycJhyg\/
,aeY jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ax&0g' Ak'bmomxJ ax&0g'ESifh rpyfqkdifaom
pdwZvkyfief;&yfrsm; pdrfhysHUpl;0ifvsuf &Sdaeonf/ rGef;rkdufatmif rdIif;wkdufolwkdYvnf;
&Sdaeonf/
jrefrmEkdifiHonf ax&0g' OD;aqmifEkdifiH jzpfae\/ jrefrmEkdifiHonf Ak'bmom
vlaerIb0ukd avhvmp&m pHjyEkdifiHvnf; jzpfonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHa&muf wkdif;wpfyg;om;
wkdYonf Ak'bmom vlaerIb0ukd avhvm&m Ak'bmom vlaerIb0onf pdwful;,Of
vlaerIb0 jzpfonf[
l qk;H jzwf owfrw
S o
f mG ;Ekid yf gonf/ trsKd ;*kP?f Zmwd*P
k ?f Ak'b
mom
\ *kPfukd xdckdufapEkdifygonf/ xkdYaMumifh- Ak'bmom\ *kPfukd rxdckdufapa&; ?
- Ak'bmom0ifwkdY\ *kPfukd rxdckdufapa&; ?
- jrefrmEkdifiH\ *kPfukd rxdckdufapa&;wkdYtwGuf tzufzufrS 0kdif;0ef; umqD;&ef tcsdefwefcJhNyD/ okdYjzpf atmufyg uAsmpm
ykd'fjzifh wyfvSefY ed*kH;urwf tqkH;owfvkduf&ygawmhonf/
jrwfA'k \

"rtESpf? w&m;ppfwkdY
EGrf;npfao;odrf? rarS;rSefcif
tvdrftnm? rSm;rdpmwkdY
rsm;pGmaxmifaomif;? tm;raumif;cif
bufaygif;pkHrS? enf;vrf;cs
0g'rSm;,Gif;? trkdufoif;ukd
y,f&Sif;acsrIef;? yaysmufokOf;zkdY
tm;vkH;wm0ef&Sdonfwum;/ /
(trSwf 73? "r&HoDr*Zif;? csrf;ajrUom&\ uAsmrS )

a&pBudK t&Sif{odu

ukd;um;pmpk pm&if;
1/ uvsmPDausmufpm (jrefrmjyef)
2/ uyjyem
3/ urmhorkdif;tajcjy
4/ pwk"rom& udk;cef;ysdKU
5/ pmayESifh ,Ofaus;rI
6/ wwd,tBudrf A[kdoHCmh0efaqmiftzGJU\
tpD&ifcHpm
7/ ax&0g' Ak'bmom ppfwrf;
8/ "ry'ygVdawmf ed,
9/ EkdifiHa&; "ruxdu e,'DyeD
10/ yckuL tbd"mefed,opf
11/ yg&mZduPf t|uxmed,
12/ yd#uwfawmfvm pdwfwefckd;ESifh tMum;tjrif
13/ ysLzwfpm
14/ jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif;
15/ Ak'EkdifiHawmf - twGJ (2)
16/ Ak'bmomaumif;wpfa,muf
17/ Ak'bmomq&m;awmf (tqifhjrifh)
18/ Ak'omoemawmf 2500-c&D;
19/ Ak'a'oemawmf a0g[m&tbd"mef

awmifwGif;q&mawmf
q&mawmf &SifOu|
OD;armifarmifBuD;
&Sifr[m&|om&
'*kHOD;vSab
omoema&;OD;pD;Xme
t&SifyndEmbd0Ho
o*FZmq&mawmf
aZ,s0wD OD;oDvmpm&
t&Sifauvmo
a&TOrifq&mawmf
&Sif&m[kvm
oD&dysHcsD OD;omjrwf
a'gwmausmfouf
t&SifoH0&mbd0Ho
omoema&; OD;pD;Xme
omoema&; OD;pD;Xme
armiftHh
omoema&; OD;pD;Xme

( A DICTIONARY OF BUDDHIST TERMS )

20/ Ak'omoemta&mif tvif;tarSmif

21/ Ak'omoedu yx0D0if
22/ bmomBuD;av;ck tESpfom&rsm;
23/ bk&m;ukd;ql ylaZmfenf;
24/ rCa'0vuFmopf
25/ rdkd;zvmvGef Ak'bmom
26/ rJacgifa&qef (jrefrmjyef)
27/ ajrmufykdif;Ak'bmom r[m,me*kdPf;
28/ jrefrmEkdifiHawmforkdif;
29/ jrefrm&mZ0if oHcdyfusrf;
30/ jrefrmtbd"mef tusOf;csKyf (2 ? 5)
31/ rSefeef;&mZ0ifawmfBuD; ( y ? 'k )
32/ &mZ0HoZmvdeDusrf;
33/ a&S;acwfa[mif;urmhorkdif; (y ? 'k )
34/ a&Tpnf;ckHrGefausmufpm (jrefrmjyef)
35/ avmuDrSwfykH enf;rsdK;pkH

&JabmfxGef;NrdKif
awmifaygufq&mawmf
ndKaomif;
q&mOD;pdefaz
refvnfq&mawmf
q&mOD;aomif;vGif (bDat)
armifae0if;
OD;zkd;usm;
Akv
d rf LS ;b&Sif
v,fwDy@dw OD;armifBuD;
jrefrmpmtzGJU
ynm&Sifrsm;
OD;ab
OD;wifarmif&if
OD;abarmifwif
0HomEk OD;ysdKif

ukdum;pmpk pm&if;
36/ orEpuK'DyeD ( y ? 'k )
37/ omoeA[kkwyumoeD
38/ omoe0Ho'DyeD
39/ omoemvuFm&pmwrf;
40/ oH,kwfygVdawmf (jrefrmjyef)? 'kwd,wGJ
41/ 37-rif;ESifh ewfrsdK;pkH
42/ tajcjy jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;orkdif;
43/ taemf&xmt&ifu jrefrmEkdifiH
44/ ty,f&wem vkdPf*lbk&m;
45/ ta&SUwkdif;,Ofaus;rI ykdYcscsuf
46/ topfjrif Armorkdif;
47/ Oy*kwax& ty'gef
48/ {uedygwf Zmwf0wK
49/ tdrfjzLawmf rEefaygif;csKyf

rkHa&G;aZw0efq&mawmf
bk&m;jzLq&mawmf
oD&daombPrax&f
r[m"roBuFef
omoema&;OD;pD;Xme
q&mOD;uHrif;
vrf;pOfygwD
Akv
d rf LS ;b&Sif
ausmufpm0ef OD;jr
tqifhjrifhynmOD;pD;Xme
a'gufwmoef;xGef;
"rmp&d, OD;armifarmifav;
anmifuefq&mawmf
'dApuKq&mausmf

( 2002-ck? arv 3-&uf? aomMumaeYwGif uGefysLwmwGif;okdY xnfhoGif;NyD;pD;onf/ )