Unit 1 Organizing Matter

A collection of the notes from Unit 1.

Matter A Review
Has mass Takes up space ex . Chemistry is the study of MATTER!

Topic 4.D - Classifying

Classifications of Matter
Mtte ar Ay in ththsms adtae u sae nth g a a as n ks p pc

Mtue ix r s Cn inmrethn ota o a oek domtte n in f a r

Sbtacs us ne Cnob spra din d ret ant e ea te to iffe n k d omtteb pyiclmas ins f a r y hs a en

HmgnosMtue Hteoeeu Mtue o oeeu ix r e r gnos ix r E mn le et Cmon o pud Smth uhu a e rogot Vrie incn n a s otet Aa ma th sm Cnis otw omre ll to s re e a e os ts f o r o tye oa m ps f to s

Mixtures
Contain more than one kind of matter Can be separated physically a. Sorting b. Filtering c. Heating and cooling

Types of Mixtures
a. Homogeneous mixtures are the same throughout; every sample has the same ratio of ingredients
Ex: milk

b. Heterogeneous Mixtures vary throughout; each sample has the may have a different ratio from the next Ex: chicken soup

Mixture Examples
Petroleum (Crude Oil) 1,000,000 molecular compounds Soda Carbonated water, corn syrup, caramel color, phosphoric acid, natural flavors and caffeine Paint Pigment, Latex, thinning agents

Pure Substances
 Cannot be separated by physical means  May contain more than one kind of matter held together by chemical bond  examples: Lithium, NaCl

Types of Substances
a. Elements Contain only one kind of matter; (one kind of atom) b. Compounds contain two or more elements; can be separated chemically

Topic 4.B - Properties of Matter

Unit 1 Organizing Matter - 2011

Intensive vs. Extensive

Intensive properties: characteristics that do not depend on the amount of matter present.
example: density

Extensive properties: characteristics that depend on how MUCH matter is present

example: mass

1. Density
 how tightly packed the particles are in a substance ( compactness )
Intensive or extensive?

 The relationship of mass to volume

1. Density (contd.)
Less dense = float More dense = sink example: substances that are less dense than water will float on water.

2. Viscosity

Intensive or extensive?

 resistance to flow  Viscous fluids are thick and hard to pour  Large molecules flow more slowly (MORE VISCOUS)  Small, smooth molecules flow more quickly (LESS VISCOUS)

3. Malleability
 A solid s ability to be pounded into thin sheets
Intensive or extensive?

4. Ductility
 the ability to be made into wire
Intensive or extensive?

5. Conductivity

Intensive or extensive?

The ability of a material to conduct electricity, heat, or sound

6. Melting Point

Intensive or extensive?

temperature at which a solid melts to beome a liquid

7. Boiling Point

Intensive or extensive?

temperature at which a liquid boils to become a gas

8. Luster
how much the surface of a material reflects light ( shine )
example: chrome
Intensive or extensive?

9. Solubility
the ability of one substance to be dissolved in another substance solubility can depend on temperature, pressure, and how much of each substance is interacting

Intensive or extensive?

Topic 4.A - Changes in Matter

Physical vs. Chemical

Physical change - same substance before and after Chemical Change make a new substance

Physical Changes
Affect only physical properties:
size shape state

Examples of Physical Changes

Shattering glass Crushing ice Letting ice melt Compressing a gas dissolving

Phase Changes (a.k.a. changes of state)

r states are: soli , liq i , as (and lasma)
changes Phases

from one state of matter to

another ased on the addition of or loss of energy (heat or thermal energy)



Phase Changes (a.k.a. changes of state)

Melting: solid to liquid Boiling or Evaporation: liquid to gas Condensation: gas to liquid Freezing: liquid to solid Sublimation = solid straight to gas!

Chemical Changes
The result of chemical reactions Bonds must be broken and/or created to form a new substance(s)

How do you know if a chemical change has occurred?

Product is obviously different than starting materials Energy has been released or absorbed (careful did you add the energy?) Obvious changes in:
Color Texture Opaqueness Gas bubbles form (not boiling!)

Topic 4.C Phases of Matter

Phases of Matter

gas
most movement (high kinetic energy) shape and size is dependent on the container a liquid is in Fluids Molecules can be compressed closer together least dense phase

liquid
shape and size is dependent on the container a liquid is in Fluids molecules are touching, but slide around each other

solid
molecules are touching and vibrate in place solids have a definite shape and size